Characteristic White, N = 5,1701 Asian, N = 2281 Black, N = 921 Mixed, N = 931 Other, N = 741 p-value2
gender 0.7
    1 2,346 (45%) 103 (45%) 44 (48%) 36 (39%) 32 (43%)
    2 2,824 (55%) 125 (55%) 48 (52%) 57 (61%) 42 (57%)
Age (years) 40 (41) 26 (28) 31 (32) 24 (24) 29 (37) <0.001
SES <0.001
    1 1,392 (30%) 88 (49%) 25 (31%) 39 (44%) 34 (50%)
    2 1,520 (33%) 50 (28%) 26 (32%) 20 (23%) 16 (24%)
    3 1,654 (36%) 42 (23%) 30 (37%) 29 (33%) 18 (26%)
    Unknown 604 48 11 5 6
BMI 25 (8) 23 (9) 24 (10) 22 (8) 23 (9) <0.001
    Unknown 211 7 4 2 5
Hb (mg/dl) 13.72 (1.70) 13.23 (1.85) 13.10 (1.80) 13.12 (1.40) 13.45 (2.00) <0.001
    Unknown 247 9 9 4 5
Thiamine Status
ETKAC 1.11 (0.07) 1.13 (0.08) 1.15 (0.08) 1.12 (0.07) 1.11 (0.08) <0.001
Thiamine Deficient (ETKAC > 1.25) <0.001
    no 5,143 (99%) 225 (99%) 87 (95%) 91 (98%) 72 (97%)
    yes 27 (0.5%) 3 (1.3%) 5 (5.4%) 2 (2.2%) 2 (2.7%)
Thiamine intake (mg/day) 1.45 (0.64) 1.25 (0.55) 1.23 (0.50) 1.33 (0.58) 1.24 (0.60) <0.001
1 n (%); Mean (IQR)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test