| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | 10 | 602 | 12 | 20 | 59 | 706 | 52 | 96 | 17 | 677 | 29 | 17 | 22 | 33 | 630 | 212 | 31 | 699 | 40 | 36 | 43 | 690 | 75 | 43 |
| 13 | 26 | 55 | 13 | 670 | 62 | 31 | 59 | 411 | 672 | 33 | 234 | 657 | 49 | 85 | 62 | 49 | 679 | 21 | 88 | 604 | 142 | 42 | 39 | 608 |
| 746 | 58 | 27 | 738 | 71 | 162 | 22 | 72 | 250 | 50 | 36 | 480 | 59 | 36 | 538 | 53 | 44 | 36 | 34 | 615 | 55 | 75 | 25 | 624 | 88 |
| 4 | 680 | 90 | 11 | 13 | 491 | 15 | 591 | 17 | 35 | 28 | 31 | 41 | 667 | 118 | 29 | 469 | 28 | 20 | 31 | 79 | 514 | 17 | 36 | 35 |
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 78 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 91 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 87 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 81 | 27 | 4 | 90 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 89 | 10 | 6 |
| 2 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 87 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 53 | 87 | 4 | 30 | 85 | 6 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 88 | 3 | 11 | 78 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 79 |
| 96 | 7 | 3 | 95 | 9 | 21 | 3 | 9 | 32 | 6 | 5 | 62 | 8 | 5 | 70 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 79 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 81 | 11 |
| 1 | 88 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 63 | 2 | 76 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 86 | 15 | 4 | 61 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 66 | 2 | 5 | 5 |
막대그래프로 답안 분포를 시각적으로 살핀다. 차후 나오는 정답률과 함께 어느 문항에서 어느 답안을 많이 고르는지 파악하는 데 활용한다.
barplotggplot| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | W | R | W | R | R | R | R | W |
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | W | W | R | W | R | R | R | R | W |
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R |
| R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | W |
| R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | R |
100, 80, 72, 88, 92, 84, 84, 80, 52, 100, 80, 88, 88, 36, 92, 76, 96, 92, 92, 88, 72, 92, 88, 88, 24, 44, 88, 20, 88, 84, 80, 88, 92, 96, 96, 96, 92, 84, 96, 80, 96, 88, 88, 100, 88, 72, 56, 80, 100, 88, 72, 84, 96, 96, 72, 92, 88, 80, 100, 72, 96, 40, 32, 96, 96, 96, 92, 72, 40, 88, 64, 84, 88, 96, 84, 72, 92, 80, 44, 84, 84, 92, 88, 80, 80, 88, 84, 88, 92, 40, 88, 88, 80, 88, 80, 88, 72, 84, 96, 92, 88, 72, 80, 72, 92, 68, 96, 88, 72, 96, 80, 44, 92, 56, 92, 64, 88, 88, 92, 76, 96, 92, 92, 80, 88, 96, 100, 96, 84, 92, 88, 80, 76, 92, 96, 96, 44, 76, 84, 96, 52, 76, 84, 88, 72, 100, 88, 84, 88, 80, 88, 96, 88, 96, 84, 84, 88, 92, 88, 96, 100, 84, 76, 84, 84, 72, 72, 60, 84, 80, 96, 92, 96, 52, 92, 24, 84, 64, 96, 100, 88, 84, 80, 88, 92, 24, 100, 96, 88, 80, 68, 92, 72, 100, 80, 76, 76, 84, 92, 92, 88, 72, 92, 80, 56, 80, 92, 76, 12, 96, 88, 88, 84, 92, 84, 56, 76, 40, 92, 20, 84, 72, 84, 76, 96, 96, 76, 24, 80, 88, 96, 76, 92, 100, 64, 96, 84, 88, 88, 24, 80, 96, 80, 84, 28, 100, 84, 56, 84, 88, 92, 32, 92, 76, 84, 80, 84, 88, 92, 92, 100, 84, 48, 96, 100, 64, 52, 92, 72, 64, 80, 84, 96, 92, 84, 92, 88, 88, 88, 88, 48, 92, 76, 92, 88, 80, 92, 88, 92, 96, 92, 92, 92, 84, 100, 84, 96, 92, 72, 52, 96, 56, 88, 72, 96, 88, 96, 96, 88, 96, 44, 92, 44, 88, 96, 76, 88, 96, 88, 44, 92, 80, 88, 92, 84, 92, 80, 88, 88, 72, 92, 36, 24, 84, 88, 92, 48, 80, 72, 88, 36, 84, 60, 88, 100, 76, 32, 88, 88, 92, 88, 76, 80, 88, 92, 72, 88, 84, 80, 24, 80, 92, 84, 88, 88, 64, 84, 92, 60, 88, 72, 12, 76, 88, 96, 96, 80, 52, 80, 80, 52, 80, 48, 36, 92, 92, 88, 64, 92, 96, 72, 88, 48, 96, 56, 88, 24, 24, 28, 80, 96, 72, 84, 72, 80, 84, 92, 96, 92, 68, 44, 72, 88, 52, 84, 88, 88, 76, 88, 68, 80, 80, 92, 28, 88, 92, 84, 16, 100, 100, 88, 48, 96, 72, 72, 84, 92, 48, 76, 76, 72, 88, 100, 52, 28, 80, 84, 96, 92, 96, 88, 56, 84, 44, 92, 84, 88, 64, 84, 92, 80, 40, 72, 96, 88, 96, 88, 60, 84, 88, 84, 96, 8, 88, 40, 96, 96, 88, 96, 56, 92, 100, 88, 76, 96, 16, 88, 92, 80, 84, 88, 88, 84, 88, 32, 32, 28, 92, 68, 88, 76, 92, 96, 80, 72, 72, 96, 88, 96, 96, 52, 100, 100, 76, 92, 84, 96, 80, 84, 92, 84, 16, 52, 80, 92, 76, 72, 84, 88, 92, 32, 84, 80, 88, 68, 80, 84, 96, 96, 96, 92, 84, 92, 88, 72, 36, 88, 96, 72, 72, 84, 36, 28, 80, 84, 88, 92, 92, 56, 52, 76, 88, 80, 92, 88, 60, 88, 36, 92, 92, 96, 56, 92, 84, 92, 52, 84, 92, 84, 92, 92, 96, 88, 72, 48, 92, 96, 96, 96, 84, 84, 44, 16, 28, 96, 84, 68, 92, 60, 80, 100, 88, 88, 88, 84, 80, 96, 92, 84, 84, 96, 88, 28, 84, 84, 84, 100, 68, 92, 88, 72, 76, 88, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 92, 80, 84, 16, 84, 64, 92, 92, 64, 84, 88, 88, 64, 100, 76, 32, 64, 88, 80, 84, 88, 96, 100, 100, 28, 88, 72, 92, 84, 92, 92, 72, 100, 96, 92, 60, 96, 92, 96, 32, 100, 88, 88, 88, 28, 32, 84, 76, 32, 96, 64, 80, 40, 88, 100, 64, 80, 28, 60, 84, 88, 88, 72, 80, 84, 80, 40, 76, 92, 84, 100, 72, 96, 84, 96, 32, 76, 84, 92, 80, 100, 88, 92, 44, 44, 40, 92, 96, 88, 92, 92, 88, 56, 84, 84, 64, 84, 8, 96, 88, 48, 52, 80, 92, 100, 68, 60, 76, 100, 80, 88, 92, 88, 92, 92, 100, 92, 96, 12, 88, 92, 36, 64, 20, 92, 72, 20, 76, 84, 76, 72, 92, 88, 88, 84, 84, 88, 92, 92, 32, 88, 92, 24, 80, 80 and 88
Red:
| Min. | 1st Qu. | Median | Mean | 3rd Qu. | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 76 | 88 | 79.5 | 92 | 100 |
Black:
| Min. | 1st Qu. | Median | Mean | 3rd Qu. | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | 72 | 84 | 78.6 | 92 | 100 |
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 0 | 88
## 1 | 22266666
## 2 | 0000444444444488888888888
## 3 | 22222222222266666666
## 4 | 000000000444444444444888888888
## 5 | 22222222222222666666666666
## 6 | 00000000044444444444444444888888888
## 7 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222666666666666666666666+2
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004+221
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+129
## 10 | 000000000000000000000000000000000000
score %>%
`[`(literacy$group == "Red") %>%
stem(scale = 0.5)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 1 | 266
## 2 | 000444448888888
## 3 | 22222266
## 4 | 000044444444888
## 5 | 2222226666666666
## 6 | 000004444444888
## 7 | 2222222222222222222226666666666
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000000004444444444444444444444444444444444+69
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222226+30
## 10 | 00000000000000000000
score %>%
`[`(literacy$group == "Black") %>%
stem(scale = 0.5)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 0 | 88
## 1 | 22666
## 2 | 0444448888
## 3 | 222222666666
## 4 | 000004444888888
## 5 | 2222222266
## 6 | 00004444444444888888
## 7 | 222222222222222222222222226666666666666666666666666
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000000044444444444444444444444444444444444+72
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222226666666666666666+19
## 10 | 0000000000000000
Red 와 Black으로부터 관찰된 점수들의 평균에 대하여 t test를 적용하였더니 기초통계량에서 살핀 것을 뒷받침해 주듯이 p-value 가 매우 큰 값이 나왔습니다. 평균은 매우 닮았다는 뜻입니다.
| Test statistic | df | P value | Alternative hypothesis | mean in group Red | mean in group Black |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5909 | 771.8 | 0.5548 | two.sided | 79.48 | 78.64 |
카이제곱테스트로 Red와 Black에 들어간 등급별 인원수가 얼마나 닮았는지를 살펴보았지만 t-test에서와 마찬가지로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었습니다.
| I | II | III | IV | 계 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | 61 | 108 | 581 | 774 |
| I | II | III | IV | 계 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | 7.88 | 13.95 | 75.06 | 99.99 |
| I | II | III | IV | 계 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red | 11 | 30 | 52 | 289 | 382 |
| Black | 13 | 31 | 56 | 292 | 392 |
| 계 | 24 | 61 | 108 | 581 | 774 |
| Test statistic | df | P value |
|---|---|---|
| 0.09471 | 2 | 0.9537 |
| 유형 | 정답률(%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 문1 | 사실적 | 96.4 |
| 문2 | 사실적 | 87.9 |
| 문3 | 비판적 | 77.8 |
| 문4 | 사실적 | 95.3 |
| 문5 | 추론적 | 86.6 |
| 문6 | 추론적 | 63.4 |
| 문7 | 추론적 | 91.2 |
| 문8 | 사실적 | 76.4 |
| 문9 | 추론적 | 32.3 |
| 문10 | 추론적 | 86.8 |
| 문11 | 사실적 | 87.5 |
| 문12 | 사실적 | 62.0 |
| 문13 | 사실적 | 84.9 |
| 문14 | 추론적 | 86.2 |
| 문15 | 사실적 | 69.5 |
| 문16 | 사실적 | 81.4 |
| 문17 | 추론적 | 60.6 |
| 문18 | 비판적 | 87.7 |
| 문19 | 사실적 | 90.3 |
| 문20 | 사실적 | 79.5 |
| 문21 | 사실적 | 78.0 |
| 문22 | 비판적 | 66.4 |
| 문23 | 추론적 | 89.1 |
| 문24 | 사실적 | 80.6 |
| 문25 | 추론적 | 78.6 |
| 문3 | 문6 | 문8 | 문9 | 문12 | 문15 | 문17 | 문20 | 문21 | 문22 | 문25 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 정답률 | 77.8 | 63.4 | 76.4 | 32.3 | 62 | 69.5 | 60.6 | 79.5 | 78 | 66.4 | 78.6 |
| 문6 | 문9 | 문12 | 문15 | 문17 | 문22 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 정답률 | 63.4 | 32.3 | 62 | 69.5 | 60.6 | 66.4 |
| 문9 | |
|---|---|
| 정답률 | 32.3 |
| 문9 | |
|---|---|
| 정답률 | 32.3 |