Cardiovascular Risk Scores among Recent Stroke Survivors in Ghana. A multi-centre study

Author

Dr Samuel Blay Nguah

Published

May 2, 2024

Data analysis issues

Creating functions for regression

Show the code
chsqft <- function(data, variable, by, ...){
    data <- data[c(variable, by)] %>% dplyr::filter(complete.cases(.))
    mat1 <- table(data[[variable]], data[[by]]) %>% 
        rstatix::prop_trend_test() %>% 
        rename(p.value=p, estimate=statistic)
}

clmft <- function(data, variable, by, ...){
    data <- data[c(variable, by)] %>% dplyr::filter(complete.cases(.))
    x <- ordinal::clm(data[[by]] ~ data[[variable]]) %>% 
        broom::tidy() %>% 
        filter(coef.type == "location") %>% 
        rename(method = term) %>%
        mutate(method = "Ordinal Cumulative Link Model")
}

Import data

Show the code
df_paper_01 <- dget("df_for_papers") 

Summary table: All data

Show the code
gtsummary::theme_gtsummary_compact()
Setting theme `Compact`
Show the code
df_paper_01 %>% 
    gtsummary::tbl_summary(
        include = c(
            a_agebase, a_gender, educ, income, a_domicile, maristat,
            dm, hyperlipidemia, active_work_hrs, active_leisure_hrs, bmi, 
            ee_sbp_0, ee_dbp_0, ee_waistc_0, waist_hip_ratio, tobacco_use, 
            ff_fbs_0, ff_hba1c_0,egfr_cat, ff_creat_0, ff_totchol_0, ff_trigly_0,
            ff_hdl_0, ff_ldl_0, d_st_type, who_risk_cat_2, 
            ranking, barthels_index, nihss_scale),
        digits = gtsummary::all_categorical()~ c(0,1),
        statistic = gtsummary::all_categorical() ~ "{n} ({p})",
        missing_text = "Missing"
        ) %>% 
    gtsummary::bold_labels()  
Characteristic N = 5001
Age in years
    Median (IQR) 58 (51, 67)
    Mean (SD) 58 (12)
    Range 14, 88
Gender
    Male 281 (56.2)
    Female 219 (43.8)
Educational Status
    None 49 (9.8)
    Primary 205 (41.0)
    Secondary 164 (32.8)
    Tertiary 82 (16.4)
Income in GHC
    0-100 102 (20.6)
    101-250 160 (32.4)
    251-500 145 (29.4)
    >500 87 (17.6)
    Missing 6
Domicile
    Rural 35 (7.0)
    Semi-Urban 165 (33.0)
    Urban 300 (60.0)
Marital Status
    Currently Married 333 (66.6)
    Previously Married 144 (28.8)
    Never Married 23 (4.6)
Diabetes Mellitus 169 (33.8)
Hyperlipidemia 160 (32.0)
Hours active during work
    Median (IQR) 7.0 (4.0, 8.5)
    Mean (SD) 6.4 (3.5)
    Range 0.0, 16.0
    Missing 25
Hours active during leisure
    Median (IQR) 3.00 (2.00, 4.87)
    Mean (SD) 3.63 (2.80)
    Range 0.00, 16.00
    Missing 45
Body Mass Index
    Median (IQR) 26.2 (22.7, 30.0)
    Mean (SD) 26.6 (5.5)
    Range 11.4, 47.9
    Missing 24
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)-Baseline
    Median (IQR) 155 (146, 170)
    Mean (SD) 160 (19)
    Range 114, 263
    Missing 4
Diastolic Blood Pressure
    Median (IQR) 95 (87, 106)
    Mean (SD) 97 (16)
    Range 59, 208
    Missing 4
Waist circumference (cm)
    Median (IQR) 93 (83, 102)
    Mean (SD) 91 (18)
    Range 12, 174
    Missing 23
Waist-Hip Ratio
    Median (IQR) 0.93 (0.88, 0.96)
    Mean (SD) 1.11 (4.01)
    Range 0.09, 88.30
    Missing 25
History of tobacco use 43 (8.9)
    Missing 17
Fasting Blood Sugar-mmol/l (Baseline)
    Median (IQR) 5.80 (5.15, 6.70)
    Mean (SD) 6.47 (2.33)
    Range 4.00, 21.10
    Missing 269
HBA1C (Baseline)
    Median (IQR) 5.90 (5.40, 6.70)
    Mean (SD) 6.50 (2.06)
    Range 3.00, 16.10
    Missing 112
eGFR
    <60 95 (24.2)
    60 to 89 269 (68.4)
    >89 29 (7.4)
    Missing 107
Serum Creatinine (mmol/L)
    Median (IQR) 88 (73, 104)
    Mean (SD) 94 (37)
    Range 6, 266
    Missing 75
Total Cholesterol-(mmol/l )
    Median (IQR) 4.20 (3.40, 5.30)
    Mean (SD) 4.85 (8.52)
    Range 1.40, 176.00
    Missing 83
Triglycerides (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 1.10 (0.80, 1.41)
    Mean (SD) 2.17 (8.68)
    Range 0.07, 111.00
    Missing 85
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 1.20 (1.00, 1.50)
    Mean (SD) 1.77 (5.04)
    Range 0.10, 69.00
    Missing 85
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 2.50 (1.80, 3.30)
    Mean (SD) 3.24 (7.36)
    Range 0.40, 128.00
    Missing 83
Stroke Type (Choose One)
    Ischemic Stroke 316 (73.7)
    Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke 98 (22.8)
    Ischemic With Hemorrhagic Transformation 10 (2.3)
    Untyped Stroke (no CT scan available) 5 (1.2)
    Missing 71
WHO Risk Category
    Low 312 (77.0)
    Moderate 57 (14.1)
    High/Very high 36 (8.9)
    Missing 95
Modified Ranking Score
    0 42 (8.5)
    1 116 (23.4)
    2 137 (27.6)
    3 100 (20.2)
    4 97 (19.6)
    5 4 (0.8)
    Missing 4
Barthels Index
    Median (IQR) 80 (40, 90)
    Mean (SD) 66 (27)
    Range 0, 90
    Missing 19
NIH Stroke Scale
    Median (IQR) 3.0 (0.0, 8.0)
    Mean (SD) 4.7 (5.3)
    Range 0.0, 23.0
    Missing 13
1 n (%)

Summary table: No missing WHO Score

Show the code
gtsummary::theme_gtsummary_compact()
Setting theme `Compact`
Show the code
df_paper_01 %>% 
    filter(!is.na(who_risk_cat_2)) %>% 
    gtsummary::tbl_summary(
        include = c(
            a_agebase, a_gender, educ, income, a_domicile, maristat,
            dm, hyperlipidemia, active_work_hrs, active_leisure_hrs, bmi, 
            ee_sbp_0, ee_dbp_0, ee_waistc_0, waist_hip_ratio, tobacco_use, 
            ff_fbs_0, ff_hba1c_0,egfr_cat, ff_creat_0, ff_totchol_0, ff_trigly_0,
            ff_hdl_0, ff_ldl_0, d_st_type, who_risk_cat_2, 
            ranking, barthels_index, nihss_scale),
        digits = gtsummary::all_categorical()~ c(0,1),
        statistic = gtsummary::all_categorical() ~ "{n} ({p})",
        missing_text = "Missing"
    ) %>% 
    gtsummary::bold_labels() 
Characteristic N = 4051
Age in years
    Median (IQR) 57 (50, 67)
    Mean (SD) 58 (12)
    Range 14, 88
Gender
    Male 229 (56.5)
    Female 176 (43.5)
Educational Status
    None 39 (9.6)
    Primary 169 (41.7)
    Secondary 130 (32.1)
    Tertiary 67 (16.5)
Income in GHC
    0-100 77 (19.3)
    101-250 139 (34.8)
    251-500 115 (28.8)
    >500 69 (17.3)
    Missing 5
Domicile
    Rural 24 (5.9)
    Semi-Urban 133 (32.8)
    Urban 248 (61.2)
Marital Status
    Currently Married 277 (68.4)
    Previously Married 110 (27.2)
    Never Married 18 (4.4)
Diabetes Mellitus 137 (33.8)
Hyperlipidemia 140 (34.6)
Hours active during work
    Median (IQR) 6.5 (4.0, 8.5)
    Mean (SD) 6.3 (3.5)
    Range 0.0, 16.0
    Missing 11
Hours active during leisure
    Median (IQR) 3.00 (2.00, 5.00)
    Mean (SD) 3.65 (2.82)
    Range 0.00, 16.00
    Missing 30
Body Mass Index
    Median (IQR) 25.9 (22.6, 30.1)
    Mean (SD) 26.5 (5.6)
    Range 11.4, 47.5
    Missing 15
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)-Baseline
    Median (IQR) 154 (145, 167)
    Mean (SD) 159 (19)
    Range 114, 263
Diastolic Blood Pressure
    Median (IQR) 94 (87, 103)
    Mean (SD) 96 (15)
    Range 64, 208
Waist circumference (cm)
    Median (IQR) 94 (85, 102)
    Mean (SD) 93 (14)
    Range 32, 174
    Missing 16
Waist-Hip Ratio
    Median (IQR) 0.93 (0.88, 0.96)
    Mean (SD) 0.92 (0.07)
    Range 0.69, 1.37
    Missing 18
History of tobacco use 37 (9.1)
Fasting Blood Sugar-mmol/l (Baseline)
    Median (IQR) 5.80 (5.10, 6.60)
    Mean (SD) 6.38 (2.25)
    Range 4.00, 21.10
    Missing 213
HBA1C (Baseline)
    Median (IQR) 5.90 (5.40, 6.70)
    Mean (SD) 6.49 (2.06)
    Range 3.00, 16.10
    Missing 40
eGFR
    <60 83 (22.9)
    60 to 89 255 (70.4)
    >89 24 (6.6)
    Missing 43
Serum Creatinine (mmol/L)
    Median (IQR) 86 (71, 102)
    Mean (SD) 93 (36)
    Range 6, 266
    Missing 20
Total Cholesterol-(mmol/l )
    Median (IQR) 4.20 (3.40, 5.30)
    Mean (SD) 4.88 (8.64)
    Range 1.40, 176.00
Triglycerides (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 1.10 (0.80, 1.42)
    Mean (SD) 1.93 (6.93)
    Range 0.07, 85.00
    Missing 2
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 1.20 (1.00, 1.45)
    Mean (SD) 1.76 (5.10)
    Range 0.10, 69.00
    Missing 2
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)
    Median (IQR) 2.50 (1.80, 3.30)
    Mean (SD) 3.26 (7.46)
    Range 0.40, 128.00
Stroke Type (Choose One)
    Ischemic Stroke 263 (74.3)
    Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke 78 (22.0)
    Ischemic With Hemorrhagic Transformation 10 (2.8)
    Untyped Stroke (no CT scan available) 3 (0.8)
    Missing 51
WHO Risk Category
    Low 312 (77.0)
    Moderate 57 (14.1)
    High/Very high 36 (8.9)
Modified Ranking Score
    0 34 (8.4)
    1 91 (22.5)
    2 108 (26.7)
    3 86 (21.3)
    4 81 (20.0)
    5 4 (1.0)
    Missing 1
Barthels Index
    Median (IQR) 80 (40, 90)
    Mean (SD) 66 (28)
    Range 0, 90
    Missing 9
NIH Stroke Scale
    Median (IQR) 3.0 (0.0, 8.0)
    Mean (SD) 4.9 (5.6)
    Range 0.0, 23.0
    Missing 6
1 n (%)

Tables

Table 1

Show the code
gtsummary::theme_gtsummary_compact()

df_paper_01 %>% 
    filter(!is.na(who_risk_cat_2)) %>% 
    gtsummary::tbl_summary(
        include = c(a_agebase, a_gender, educ, income, a_domicile, maristat,
            dm, hyperlipidemia, active_work_hrs, active_leisure_hrs, bmi, 
            ee_sbp_0, ee_dbp_0, ee_waistc_0, waist_hip_ratio, tobacco_use, 
            ff_fbs_0, ff_hba1c_0,egfr_cat, ff_creat_0, ff_totchol_0, 
            ff_trigly_0, ff_hdl_0, ff_ldl_0, d_st_type, ranking, barthels_index,
            nihss_scale, who_risk_cat_2),
        statistic = list(
            gtsummary::all_continuous()~"{mean} ({sd})",
            gtsummary::all_categorical()~"{n} ({p})"),
        missing = "no",
        by = a_gender,
        digits = gtsummary::all_categorical()~c(0, 1),
        type = list(ranking ~ "continuous")
        ) %>% 
    gtsummary::bold_labels() %>% 
    gtsummary::modify_spanning_header(
        gtsummary::all_stat_cols()~"**Sex of participant**") %>%
    gtsummary::add_overall(last = TRUE) %>% 
    gtsummary::modify_caption(
        "Table 1: Clinico-demographics and WHO CVD risk factors of study participants"
        )
Table 1: Clinico-demographics and WHO CVD risk factors of study participants
Characteristic Sex of participant Overall, N = 4051
Male, N = 2291 Female, N = 1761
Age in years


    Mean (SD) 57 (11) 59 (12) 58 (12)
Educational Status


    None 8 (3.5) 31 (17.6) 39 (9.6)
    Primary 76 (33.2) 93 (52.8) 169 (41.7)
    Secondary 92 (40.2) 38 (21.6) 130 (32.1)
    Tertiary 53 (23.1) 14 (8.0) 67 (16.5)
Income in GHC


    0-100 33 (14.5) 44 (25.4) 77 (19.3)
    101-250 80 (35.2) 59 (34.1) 139 (34.8)
    251-500 63 (27.8) 52 (30.1) 115 (28.8)
    >500 51 (22.5) 18 (10.4) 69 (17.3)
Domicile


    Rural 14 (6.1) 10 (5.7) 24 (5.9)
    Semi-Urban 83 (36.2) 50 (28.4) 133 (32.8)
    Urban 132 (57.6) 116 (65.9) 248 (61.2)
Marital Status


    Currently Married 193 (84.3) 84 (47.7) 277 (68.4)
    Previously Married 27 (11.8) 83 (47.2) 110 (27.2)
    Never Married 9 (3.9) 9 (5.1) 18 (4.4)
Diabetes Mellitus 63 (27.5) 74 (42.0) 137 (33.8)
Hyperlipidemia 76 (33.2) 64 (36.4) 140 (34.6)
Hours active during work


    Mean (SD) 6.7 (3.6) 5.7 (3.3) 6.3 (3.5)
Hours active during leisure


    Mean (SD) 3.67 (2.91) 3.63 (2.72) 3.65 (2.82)
Body Mass Index


    Mean (SD) 25.3 (4.9) 28.1 (6.1) 26.5 (5.6)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)-Baseline


    Mean (SD) 160 (19) 157 (18) 159 (19)
Diastolic Blood Pressure


    Mean (SD) 98 (16) 94 (14) 96 (15)
Waist circumference (cm)


    Mean (SD) 92 (13) 95 (16) 93 (14)
Waist-Hip Ratio


    Mean (SD) 0.93 (0.06) 0.92 (0.08) 0.92 (0.07)
History of tobacco use 35 (15.3) 2 (1.1) 37 (9.1)
Fasting Blood Sugar-mmol/l (Baseline)


    Mean (SD) 6.30 (2.13) 6.49 (2.41) 6.38 (2.25)
HBA1C (Baseline)


    Mean (SD) 6.28 (1.94) 6.75 (2.17) 6.49 (2.06)
eGFR


    <60 51 (25.6) 32 (19.6) 83 (22.9)
    60 to 89 131 (65.8) 124 (76.1) 255 (70.4)
    >89 17 (8.5) 7 (4.3) 24 (6.6)
Serum Creatinine (mmol/L)


    Mean (SD) 104 (39) 78 (24) 93 (36)
Total Cholesterol-(mmol/l )


    Mean (SD) 5.11 (11.42) 4.56 (1.47) 4.88 (8.64)
Triglycerides (mmol/l)


    Mean (SD) 2.11 (8.03) 1.68 (5.17) 1.93 (6.93)
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)


    Mean (SD) 1.81 (5.07) 1.70 (5.14) 1.76 (5.10)
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)


    Mean (SD) 3.74 (9.85) 2.64 (1.23) 3.26 (7.46)
Stroke Type (Choose One)


    Ischemic Stroke 137 (68.8) 126 (81.3) 263 (74.3)
    Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke 52 (26.1) 26 (16.8) 78 (22.0)
    Ischemic With Hemorrhagic Transformation 8 (4.0) 2 (1.3) 10 (2.8)
    Untyped Stroke (no CT scan available) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.6) 3 (0.8)
Modified Ranking Score 2.17 (1.30) 2.35 (1.22) 2.25 (1.27)
Barthels Index


    Mean (SD) 67 (26) 64 (30) 66 (28)
NIH Stroke Scale


    Mean (SD) 4.8 (5.4) 5.1 (5.8) 4.9 (5.6)
WHO Risk Category


    Low 172 (75.1) 140 (79.5) 312 (77.0)
    Moderate 36 (15.7) 21 (11.9) 57 (14.1)
    High/Very high 21 (9.2) 15 (8.5) 36 (8.9)
1 n (%); Mean (SD)

Table 2

Show the code
gtsummary::theme_gtsummary_compact()

df_paper_01 %>% 
    filter(!is.na(who_risk_cat_2)) %>% 
    gtsummary::tbl_summary(
        include = c(a_agebase, a_gender, educ, income, a_domicile, maristat,
            dm, hyperlipidemia, active_work_hrs, active_leisure_hrs, bmi, 
            ee_sbp_0, ee_dbp_0, ee_waistc_0, waist_hip_ratio, tobacco_use, 
            ff_fbs_0, ff_hba1c_0,egfr_cat, ff_creat_0, ff_totchol_0, 
            ff_trigly_0, ff_hdl_0, ff_ldl_0, d_st_type, ranking, barthels_index,
            nihss_scale, who_risk_cat_2),
        by = who_risk_cat_2,
        statistic = list(
            gtsummary::all_continuous()~"{mean} ({sd})",
            gtsummary::all_categorical()~"{n} ({p})"),
        missing = "no",
        digits = gtsummary::all_categorical()~c(0, 1),
        type = list(ranking ~ "continuous")
        ) %>% 
    gtsummary::add_p(
        pvalue_fun = ~ gtsummary::style_pvalue(.x, digits = 3),
        test = list(
            a_agebase ~ "clmft",
            a_gender ~ "chsqft",
            educ ~ "chsqft",
            income ~ "chsqft",
            a_domicile ~ "chsqft", 
            maristat ~ "chsqft",
            dm ~ "chsqft",
            hyperlipidemia ~ "chsqft", 
            active_work_hrs ~ "clmft", 
            active_leisure_hrs ~ "clmft", 
            bmi ~ "clmft",
            ee_sbp_0 ~ "clmft", 
            ee_dbp_0 ~ "clmft", 
            ee_waistc_0 ~ "clmft", 
            waist_hip_ratio  ~ "clmft", 
            tobacco_use  ~ "chsqft",
            ff_fbs_0  ~ "clmft", 
            ff_hba1c_0  ~ "clmft", 
            egfr_cat   ~ "chsqft", 
            ff_creat_0   ~ "clmft", 
            ff_totchol_0   ~ "clmft",
            ff_hdl_0 ~ "clmft", 
            ff_ldl_0  ~ "clmft", 
            d_st_type ~ "chsqft",
            ranking  ~ "clmft" , 
            barthels_index  ~ "clmft", 
            nihss_scale  ~ "clmft")
        )%>%
    gtsummary::bold_labels() %>% 
    gtsummary::modify_spanning_header(
        gtsummary::all_stat_cols()~"**WHO CVD Risk Category**") %>% 
    gtsummary::bold_p() %>% 
    gtsummary::modify_caption(
        "Table 1: Relationship betweem WHO CVD risk factors and Clinico-demographics factors"
    )
Table 1: Relationship betweem WHO CVD risk factors and Clinico-demographics factors
Characteristic WHO CVD Risk Category p-value2
Low, N = 3121 Moderate, N = 571 High/Very high, N = 361
Age in years


<0.001
    Mean (SD) 56 (11) 63 (12) 64 (9)
Gender


0.420
    Male 172 (55.1) 36 (63.2) 21 (58.3)
    Female 140 (44.9) 21 (36.8) 15 (41.7)
Educational Status


0.753
    None 28 (9.0) 6 (10.5) 5 (13.9)
    Primary 136 (43.6) 20 (35.1) 13 (36.1)
    Secondary 97 (31.1) 20 (35.1) 13 (36.1)
    Tertiary 51 (16.3) 11 (19.3) 5 (13.9)
Income in GHC


0.005
    0-100 65 (21.1) 9 (15.8) 3 (8.6)
    101-250 114 (37.0) 14 (24.6) 11 (31.4)
    251-500 81 (26.3) 19 (33.3) 15 (42.9)
    >500 48 (15.6) 15 (26.3) 6 (17.1)
Domicile


0.386
    Rural 16 (5.1) 4 (7.0) 4 (11.1)
    Semi-Urban 103 (33.0) 22 (38.6) 8 (22.2)
    Urban 193 (61.9) 31 (54.4) 24 (66.7)
Marital Status


0.350
    Currently Married 219 (70.2) 35 (61.4) 23 (63.9)
    Previously Married 78 (25.0) 20 (35.1) 12 (33.3)
    Never Married 15 (4.8) 2 (3.5) 1 (2.8)
Diabetes Mellitus 85 (27.2) 27 (47.4) 25 (69.4) <0.001
Hyperlipidemia 107 (34.3) 21 (36.8) 12 (33.3) 0.946
Hours active during work


0.869
    Mean (SD) 6.3 (3.5) 5.7 (3.4) 7.1 (3.6)
Hours active during leisure


0.008
    Mean (SD) 3.45 (2.74) 4.00 (3.06) 4.87 (2.83)
Body Mass Index


0.416
    Mean (SD) 26.6 (5.8) 26.4 (4.7) 25.7 (4.8)
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)-Baseline


<0.001
    Mean (SD) 153 (12) 171 (23) 188 (20)
Diastolic Blood Pressure


<0.001
    Mean (SD) 94 (12) 102 (23) 107 (19)
Waist circumference (cm)


0.630
    Mean (SD) 93 (13) 94 (19) 94 (19)
Waist-Hip Ratio


0.018
    Mean (SD) 0.92 (0.07) 0.94 (0.07) 0.94 (0.06)
History of tobacco use 23 (7.4) 6 (10.5) 8 (22.2) 0.005
Fasting Blood Sugar-mmol/l (Baseline)


0.132
    Mean (SD) 6.26 (1.98) 6.57 (2.11) 7.12 (4.05)
HBA1C (Baseline)


<0.001
    Mean (SD) 6.28 (1.81) 6.76 (2.21) 8.11 (3.12)
eGFR


0.523
    <60 60 (21.4) 15 (30.0) 8 (25.0)
    60 to 89 203 (72.5) 29 (58.0) 23 (71.9)
    >89 17 (6.1) 6 (12.0) 1 (3.1)
Serum Creatinine (mmol/L)


0.225
    Mean (SD) 91 (37) 98 (37) 96 (28)
Total Cholesterol-(mmol/l )


0.496
    Mean (SD) 5.03 (9.82) 4.27 (1.19) 4.49 (1.33)
Triglycerides (mmol/l)


0.108
    Mean (SD) 2.07 (7.85) 1.54 (1.46) 1.25 (0.54)
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)


0.856
    Mean (SD) 1.78 (5.17) 2.01 (6.21) 1.25 (0.42)
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)


0.762
    Mean (SD) 3.32 (8.05) 3.37 (6.35) 2.65 (1.22)
Stroke Type (Choose One)


0.773
    Ischemic Stroke 200 (74.3) 38 (74.5) 25 (73.5)
    Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke 59 (21.9) 10 (19.6) 9 (26.5)
    Ischemic With Hemorrhagic Transformation 9 (3.3) 1 (2.0) 0 (0.0)
    Untyped Stroke (no CT scan available) 1 (0.4) 2 (3.9) 0 (0.0)
Modified Ranking Score 2.23 (1.25) 2.32 (1.27) 2.31 (1.45) 0.575
Barthels Index


0.195
    Mean (SD) 67 (27) 61 (31) 64 (31)
NIH Stroke Scale


0.854
    Mean (SD) 4.9 (5.4) 5.6 (6.3) 4.3 (5.4)
1 n (%); Mean (SD)
2 Ordinal Cumulative Link Model; Chi-square trend test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test