if (!require("tidyverse"))
install.packages("tidyverse")
## Loading required package: tidyverse
## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.3.3
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.5
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.4.4 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(tidyverse)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
mydata <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/drkblake/Data/main/Educ_Income_2022.csv")
head(mydata,10)
## GEOID County State PctCollege FamIncome
## 1 47001 Anderson County Tennessee 24.5 75637
## 2 47003 Bedford County Tennessee 17.1 71159
## 3 47005 Benton County Tennessee 11.1 65800
## 4 47007 Bledsoe County Tennessee 10.3 59695
## 5 47009 Blount County Tennessee 26.0 85194
## 6 47011 Bradley County Tennessee 23.9 75270
## 7 47013 Campbell County Tennessee 12.9 61629
## 8 47015 Cannon County Tennessee 17.5 71000
## 9 47017 Carroll County Tennessee 19.8 68542
## 10 47019 Carter County Tennessee 21.1 61776
# Specify the DV and IV
mydata$DV <- mydata$FamIncome #Edit YOURDVNAME
mydata$IV <- mydata$PctCollege #Edit YOURIVNAME
# Look at the DV and IV
ggplot(mydata, aes(x = FamIncome)) + geom_histogram(color = "black", fill = "#1f78b4")
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
ggplot(mydata, aes(x = PctCollege)) + geom_histogram(color = "black", fill = "#1f78b4")
## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.

## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
# Creating and summarizing an initial regression model called myreg, and checking for bivariate outliers.
options(scipen = 999)
myreg <- lm(DV ~ IV,
data = mydata)
plot(mydata$FamIncome, mydata$PctCollege)
abline(lm(mydata$PctCollege ~ mydata$FamIncome))

# Real or random?
summary(myreg)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = DV ~ IV, data = mydata)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -15380.9 -5904.4 538.2 4730.4 17582.3
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 44664.55 1903.16 23.47 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## IV 1349.18 90.88 14.85 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 7516 on 93 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.7032, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7001
## F-statistic: 220.4 on 1 and 93 DF, p-value: < 0.00000000000000022
Many of the counties show median incomes and college graduates are
below the regression line. Many Counties indicate roughly twenty to
twenty-five percent of the citizens are college graduates. Tennessee has
many counties whose median income is roughly sixty to seventy thousand
dollars.