# Load necessary libraries
library(readr)
library(dplyr)

Attaching package: 'dplyr'

The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

library(ggplot2)
library(lubridate)

Attaching package: 'lubridate'

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    date, intersect, setdiff, union

# Read the dataset - Make sure the path points directly to the file
green_bonds_data <- read_csv("/Users/enmingliang/Desktop/Finalproject/00_data_raw/Green_Bonds_since_2008_20240403.csv")

Rows: 359 Columns: 10

── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (6): Type, Currency, Settlement Date, Maturity Date, ISIN, Final Terms
dbl (2): Maturity, Coupon
num (2): Volume, USD Equivalent

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

# Convert "Settlement Date" to Date format and "USD Equivalent" to numeric
green_bonds_data$`Settlement Date` <- as.Date(green_bonds_data$`Settlement Date`, format="%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p")
green_bonds_data$`USD Equivalent` <- as.numeric(gsub(",", "", green_bonds_data$`USD Equivalent`))

# Extract year from "Settlement Date"
green_bonds_data$Year <- year(green_bonds_data$`Settlement Date`)

# Aggregate issuance volume by year
annual_issuance_volume <- green_bonds_data %>%
  group_by(Year) %>%
  summarise(Total_Issuance_Volume_USD = sum(`USD Equivalent`, na.rm = TRUE))

# Plot the annual issuance volume
ggplot(annual_issuance_volume, aes(x=Year, y=Total_Issuance_Volume_USD)) +
  geom_bar(stat="identity", fill="green") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(title="Annual Green Bond Issuance Volume (USD)",
       x="Year",
       y="Total Issuance Volume (USD)") +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))