Data Questioning and Initial Visualizations

Author

Adam Savino

Background Code + Places to Work Towards:

The biggest issue for me in this stage of my work is that I need to figure out how to make the units of value equivalent for public and private investment in water infrastructure.

I also plan on using this time to make the data visualizations more “exciting”. I am going to take the weekend to do that, write my draft, and figure out the problem above. I should have an initial draft ready to send out so I am not blindsided by the deadline, and will likely sign up for office hours to discuss it.

Here are the core takeaways of my current analysis:

  • Green bonds are far more popular than Social bonds.

  • By looking at renewable energy investment and water infrastructure investment as proxies for Green and Social bonds, respectively, you can tell that the reason for this is that the private sector is more interested in investment in energy than in social infrastructure.

  • Solar panels and onshore wind farms are the largest energy technologies invested in.

  • For the last 20 years, the biggest private markets for Water and Sewerage investment has been in East Asia/the Pacific and Latin America/the Carribean.

  • For the public sector, the largest water infrastructure investments have been in Western Europe and North America.

  • Based on the data I have, private sector investment in water infrastructure is extremely small relative to public sector investment. However, the amount in public sector money is inflation-adjusted to be the value in 2015 dollars, while the private sector is nominal USD. I need to adjust the 2015 dollar figures to become nominal USD again so my data actually means something.

Question 1: What Type of Use of Funds Bond has the Highest Value Issued?

Question 2: Who is Investing in Renewable Energy? What Technologies Make Up Most of Global Investment?

[1] "Category"                  "Product"                  
[3] "Year"                      "Investment in USD billion"

Question 3: Who is Investing in Water Infrastructure? Where are these Investments happening? Is this a good stand in for Social Bonds?

#Part 8: Comparing Private and Public Water Infrastructure Development
#| echo: false

GIH_info_better %>%
  ggplot(aes(y = Region, x = Year, fill = `Water investment, millions (constant 2015 USD)`)) +
  geom_tile() +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "red") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(x = "Year", y = "Region", title = "Water and Sewerage Investment by the Public Sector in USD Millions", subtitle = "Divided into Regions")

WB_info_final_1 %>%
  filter(`primary sector` == "Water and sewerage") %>%
  ggplot(aes(y = region, x = `investment year`, fill = Region_total_2)) +
  geom_tile() +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "white", high = "blue") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(x = "Year", y = "Region", title = "Water and Sewerage Investment by the Private Sector in USD Millions", subtitle = "Divided into Regions")

ggplot(data = final_yearly_total_water_infra, aes(x = Year, y = values, fill = column_header)) + geom_col() +
  labs(title = "Annual Worldwide Water Infrastructure Investment in USD Millions", subtitle = "Subdivided into Private and Public Sector Contributions, but not adjusted for overlap", x= "Year", y = "Investment in USD Millions", fill = "Private vs Public")