Healthy Cities GIS Assignment

Author

Kevin Sanchez

Load the libraries and set the working directory

library(tidyverse)
── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
✔ purrr     1.0.2     
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(tidyr)
library(leaflet)
library(plotly)

Attaching package: 'plotly'

The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':

    last_plot

The following object is masked from 'package:stats':

    filter

The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':

    layout
cities500 <- read_csv("500CitiesLocalHealthIndicators.cdc.csv")
Rows: 810103 Columns: 24
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (17): StateAbbr, StateDesc, CityName, GeographicLevel, DataSource, Categ...
dbl  (6): Year, Data_Value, Low_Confidence_Limit, High_Confidence_Limit, Cit...
num  (1): PopulationCount

ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.

The GeoLocation variable has (lat, long) format

Split GeoLocation (lat, long) into two columns: lat and long

latlong <- cities500|>
  mutate(GeoLocation = str_replace_all(GeoLocation, "[()]", ""))|>
  separate(GeoLocation, into = c("lat", "long"), sep = ",", convert = TRUE)
head(latlong)
# A tibble: 6 × 25
   Year StateAbbr StateDesc  CityName  GeographicLevel DataSource Category      
  <dbl> <chr>     <chr>      <chr>     <chr>           <chr>      <chr>         
1  2017 CA        California Hawthorne Census Tract    BRFSS      Health Outcom…
2  2017 CA        California Hawthorne City            BRFSS      Unhealthy Beh…
3  2017 CA        California Hayward   City            BRFSS      Health Outcom…
4  2017 CA        California Hayward   City            BRFSS      Unhealthy Beh…
5  2017 CA        California Hemet     City            BRFSS      Prevention    
6  2017 CA        California Indio     Census Tract    BRFSS      Health Outcom…
# ℹ 18 more variables: UniqueID <chr>, Measure <chr>, Data_Value_Unit <chr>,
#   DataValueTypeID <chr>, Data_Value_Type <chr>, Data_Value <dbl>,
#   Low_Confidence_Limit <dbl>, High_Confidence_Limit <dbl>,
#   Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol <chr>, Data_Value_Footnote <chr>,
#   PopulationCount <dbl>, lat <dbl>, long <dbl>, CategoryID <chr>,
#   MeasureId <chr>, CityFIPS <dbl>, TractFIPS <dbl>, Short_Question_Text <chr>

Filter the dataset

Remove the StateDesc that includes the United Sates, select Prevention as the category (of interest), filter for only measuring crude prevalence and select only 2017.

latlong_clean <- latlong |>
  filter(StateDesc != "United States") |>
  filter(Category == "Prevention") |>
  filter(Data_Value_Type == "Crude prevalence") |>
  filter(Year == 2017)
head(latlong_clean)
# A tibble: 6 × 25
   Year StateAbbr StateDesc  CityName   GeographicLevel DataSource Category  
  <dbl> <chr>     <chr>      <chr>      <chr>           <chr>      <chr>     
1  2017 AL        Alabama    Montgomery City            BRFSS      Prevention
2  2017 CA        California Concord    City            BRFSS      Prevention
3  2017 CA        California Concord    City            BRFSS      Prevention
4  2017 CA        California Fontana    City            BRFSS      Prevention
5  2017 CA        California Richmond   Census Tract    BRFSS      Prevention
6  2017 FL        Florida    Davie      Census Tract    BRFSS      Prevention
# ℹ 18 more variables: UniqueID <chr>, Measure <chr>, Data_Value_Unit <chr>,
#   DataValueTypeID <chr>, Data_Value_Type <chr>, Data_Value <dbl>,
#   Low_Confidence_Limit <dbl>, High_Confidence_Limit <dbl>,
#   Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol <chr>, Data_Value_Footnote <chr>,
#   PopulationCount <dbl>, lat <dbl>, long <dbl>, CategoryID <chr>,
#   MeasureId <chr>, CityFIPS <dbl>, TractFIPS <dbl>, Short_Question_Text <chr>

What variables are included? (can any of them be removed?)

names(latlong_clean)
 [1] "Year"                       "StateAbbr"                 
 [3] "StateDesc"                  "CityName"                  
 [5] "GeographicLevel"            "DataSource"                
 [7] "Category"                   "UniqueID"                  
 [9] "Measure"                    "Data_Value_Unit"           
[11] "DataValueTypeID"            "Data_Value_Type"           
[13] "Data_Value"                 "Low_Confidence_Limit"      
[15] "High_Confidence_Limit"      "Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol"
[17] "Data_Value_Footnote"        "PopulationCount"           
[19] "lat"                        "long"                      
[21] "CategoryID"                 "MeasureId"                 
[23] "CityFIPS"                   "TractFIPS"                 
[25] "Short_Question_Text"       

Remove the variables that will not be used in the assignment

prevention <- latlong_clean |>
  select(-DataSource,-Data_Value_Unit, -DataValueTypeID, -Low_Confidence_Limit, -High_Confidence_Limit, -Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol, -Data_Value_Footnote)
head(prevention)
# A tibble: 6 × 18
   Year StateAbbr StateDesc  CityName  GeographicLevel Category UniqueID Measure
  <dbl> <chr>     <chr>      <chr>     <chr>           <chr>    <chr>    <chr>  
1  2017 AL        Alabama    Montgome… City            Prevent… 151000   Choles…
2  2017 CA        California Concord   City            Prevent… 616000   Visits…
3  2017 CA        California Concord   City            Prevent… 616000   Choles…
4  2017 CA        California Fontana   City            Prevent… 624680   Visits…
5  2017 CA        California Richmond  Census Tract    Prevent… 0660620… Choles…
6  2017 FL        Florida    Davie     Census Tract    Prevent… 1216475… Choles…
# ℹ 10 more variables: Data_Value_Type <chr>, Data_Value <dbl>,
#   PopulationCount <dbl>, lat <dbl>, long <dbl>, CategoryID <chr>,
#   MeasureId <chr>, CityFIPS <dbl>, TractFIPS <dbl>, Short_Question_Text <chr>
md <- prevention |>
  filter(StateAbbr=="MD")
head(md)
# A tibble: 6 × 18
   Year StateAbbr StateDesc CityName  GeographicLevel Category  UniqueID Measure
  <dbl> <chr>     <chr>     <chr>     <chr>           <chr>     <chr>    <chr>  
1  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Chole…
2  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Visit…
3  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Visit…
4  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Curre…
5  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Curre…
6  2017 MD        Maryland  Baltimore Census Tract    Preventi… 2404000… "Visit…
# ℹ 10 more variables: Data_Value_Type <chr>, Data_Value <dbl>,
#   PopulationCount <dbl>, lat <dbl>, long <dbl>, CategoryID <chr>,
#   MeasureId <chr>, CityFIPS <dbl>, TractFIPS <dbl>, Short_Question_Text <chr>

The new dataset “Prevention” is a manageable dataset now.

For your assignment, work with the cleaned “Prevention” dataset

1. Once you run the above code, filter this dataset one more time for any particular subset.

Filter chunk here

unique(latlong_clean$StateAbbr)
 [1] "AL" "CA" "FL" "CT" "IL" "MN" "NY" "PA" "NC" "OH" "OK" "OR" "TX" "RI" "SC"
[16] "SD" "TN" "UT" "VA" "WA" "AK" "WI" "AZ" "AR" "CO" "DE" "NV" "DC" "GA" "ID"
[31] "HI" "MA" "MI" "IN" "KS" "KY" "IA" "LA" "MD" "ME" "NH" "NJ" "NM" "MO" "MS"
[46] "NE" "MT" "ND" "WV" "VT" "WY"
# Filtering cholesterol screening among adults aged >= 18 in measure category
cholesterol_screening_subset <- prevention |>
  filter(Measure == "Cholesterol screening among adults aged >=18 Years")

2. Based on the GIS tutorial (Japan earthquakes), create one plot about something in your subsetted dataset.

First plot chunk here

# Create a scatter plot for cholesterol screening rates by city
ggplot(cholesterol_screening_subset, aes(x = long, y = lat, color = Data_Value)) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(title = "Cholesterol Screening Prevalence by City",
       x = "Longitude",
       y = "Latitude",
       color = "Prevalence Rate (%)") +
  theme_minimal()

3. Now create a map of your subsetted dataset.

First map chunk here

# Clean new data
cholesterol_screening_subset$long <- as.numeric(cholesterol_screening_subset$long)
cholesterol_screening_subset$lat <- as.numeric(cholesterol_screening_subset$lat)
cholesterol_screening_subset <- na.omit(cholesterol_screening_subset)
world_map <- map_data("world")
ggplot() +
  geom_polygon(data = world_map, 
    aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group), 
    fill = "lightgrey", 
    color = "white") +
  geom_point(
    data = cholesterol_screening_subset, 
    aes(x = long, y = lat, color = Data_Value), 
    size = 2) +
  scale_color_gradient(low = "purple", high = "orange") +
  labs(title = "Map of Cholesterol Screening Prevalence",
    x = "Longitude", 
    y = "Latitude",
    color = "Prevalence Rate (%)") +
  xlim(min(cholesterol_screening_subset$long, na.rm = TRUE) - 5,max(cholesterol_screening_subset$long, na.rm = TRUE) + 5) +
  ylim(min(cholesterol_screening_subset$lat, na.rm = TRUE) - 5,max(cholesterol_screening_subset$lat, na.rm = TRUE) + 5) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  coord_fixed(1.3)

4. Refine your map to include a mousover tooltip

Refined map chunk here

cholesterol_screening_subset$lat <- as.numeric(cholesterol_screening_subset$lat)
cholesterol_screening_subset$long <- as.numeric(cholesterol_screening_subset$long)


leaflet(data = cholesterol_screening_subset) %>%
  addTiles() %>%  
  addCircles(lng = ~long, lat = ~lat, weight = 1,
    radius = 500,
    color = ~colorNumeric(palette = "viridis", domain = cholesterol_screening_subset$Data_Value)(Data_Value),
    label = ~paste("Prevalence Rate:", Data_Value, "%"),
    popup = ~paste("City:", CityName, "<br>",
                   "Prevalence Rate:", Data_Value, "%")
  ) %>%
  addLegend(
    "bottomright",
    pal = colorNumeric(palette = "viridis", domain = cholesterol_screening_subset$Data_Value),
    values = ~Data_Value,
    title = "Prevalence Rate",
    labFormat = labelFormat(suffix = "%"))

5. Write a paragraph

In a paragraph, describe the plots you created and what they show.

  • The first map created based off the “Prevention” dataset shows cholesterol screenings among adults aged >= 18 across various locations. This map uses a color gradient of purple and orange to indicate screening prevelance with purple being lower percentage and orange being higher. Leaflet was used to create the interactive map which makes the second map more useful. When you click on a city on the interactive map, a pop up shows the city name and the screening rate percentage. Both maps are still useful in their own ways by helping in identifying areas with different levels of cholesterol health interventions making it easier to see areas of improvement.