title: “Homework assignment at the course Applied Data Analysis in Business with R” author: “Wong, Hing Yee Yashelyn” date: “2024-04-07” output: html_document —
Author: Wong, Hing Yee Yashelyn
mydata <- read.table("./UCI_Heart_Disease_Dataset_Combined.csv", header=TRUE, sep=",", dec=".")
head(mydata[c(-9, -10)], )## Age Sex ChestPainType RestingBP Cholesterol FastingBS RestingECG MaxHR
## 1 40 1 1 140 289 0 0 172
## 2 49 0 2 160 180 0 0 156
## 3 37 1 1 130 283 0 1 98
## 4 48 0 3 138 214 0 0 108
## 5 54 1 2 150 195 0 0 122
## 6 39 1 2 120 339 0 0 170
## HeartDisease
## 1 0
## 2 1
## 3 0
## 4 1
## 5 0
## 6 0Descriptive statistics of UCI Heart Disease in Cleveland, Hungary, Switzerland, and VA Long Beach
1 Description of data set used in the analysis
1.1 Source: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/rcratos/heart-disease-data-compiled-from-uci?resource=download
1.2 Definition of variables
Unit of observation: 2943
Sample size: 6
Definition of all variables:
Age - age of observed individuals between 20-80 Sex - gender of observed individuals, where 1 stands for Male and 0 stands for Female
ChestPainType - type of chest pain experienced by the individuals, where 1 means Typical Angina (chest pain related to heart), 2 means Atypical Angina (not related to heart), 3 means Non-Anginal Pain (typically sharp and non-continuous chest pain), 4 means Asymptomatic (no symptoms)
RestingBP - the individuals’ resting blood pressure when they are at rest, measured in mm Hg
Cholesterol - the individuals’ cholesterol level, measured in mg/dl
FastingBS - indicates whether the individual’s fasting blood sugar is greater than 120 mg/dl, represented as binary value where 1 stands for True and 0 stands for False
Resting ECG - detects abnormalities that shows evidence of heart disease, where 1 stands for Yes and 0 stands for No
MaxHR - maximum heart rate achieved by the individual, measured in BPM
HeartDisease - indicates whether the individual experiences heart disease, where 1 stands for Yes and 0 stand for No
factor(mydata$Sex, levels = c(1,0), labels = c("Male", "Female"))## [1] Male Female Male Female Male Male Female Male Male Female
## [11] Female Male Male Male Female Female Male Female Male Male
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## [2941] Male Female Male
## Levels: Male Femalefactor(mydata$FastingBS, levels = c(1,0), labels = c("True", "False"))## [1] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [13] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [25] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [37] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [49] False False False False True False False False False False False False
## [61] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [73] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [85] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [97] False True False False False False False True False True False False
## [109] False False False False True False False False False True False False
## [121] True False False False False False False False True False False False
## [133] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [145] False False False False False True False False False False False True
## [157] False False False False True False False False False True False False
## [169] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [181] False False False False False True False True False False False False
## [193] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [205] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [217] False False False False False False False False True False False False
## [229] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [241] False False True False False False False True False False False False
## [253] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [265] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [277] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [289] False False False False False False True True True True True True
## [301] True False True True True True True False True True False True
## [313] True True False True True True True True True True True True
## [325] True True False True True True True True False True True True
## [337] False True True True True True True True True False False True
## [349] False True True False False False False False False False False False
## [361] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [373] False False False False False True True False False False False False
## [385] False False False False False True False False False True True True
## [397] True True True True True True True True True True True True
## [409] True True True True True True True True False False False False
## [421] True False True False True True False False False False True False
## [433] False False False False False True False False False True True True
## [445] False False False False True False False False False False True False
## [457] False True True False True False False False False False False False
## [469] False True False False True True False True True True True False
## [481] True True True False False True True False False False False True
## [493] False False False False True False True False False False False True
## [505] True True False False True False False True False False False True
## [517] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [529] False False False True True False False False True True True False
## [541] False False False False True False True True False True False False
## [553] False True True False True True False False False False False True
## [565] True False False False False False False True False True True True
## [577] False False False True True False True False True True False False
## [589] False True False False True True True True False False False True
## [601] False False False False True True True True False False True False
## [613] True True False False False False False False False True False False
## [625] False False False False False False False False True False False False
## [637] False False False True False False False False True False False False
## [649] False False True False False False False False False False True True
## [661] True False False False False False True True False False False False
## [673] True False False True False False False True False False True False
## [685] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [697] False False False False False True False False False False False False
## [709] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [721] False False False False False False False False True False False False
## [733] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [745] True False False False False False False False True False False False
## [757] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [769] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [781] False False True False True True False False False False True False
## [793] False True False True False False False True False False True False
## [805] False False False False False True False False False False False False
## [817] False False False False True False False False False False True False
## [829] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [841] False False True True False False False False False False False False
## [853] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [865] False False False False False True False True False False False False
## [877] False False False False True False False False False False False True
## [889] True False False False False False False False False False False False
## [901] False True False False False False False False False False False True
## [913] False False True False False False False False False True False False
## [925] False False False False True True False False False False False True
## [937] False False True False False False True False False False True False
## [949] False False True False False False True True False False False True
## [961] True False False False False True False False False False False False
## [973] True False True True True False False False False False True False
## [985] True True False False True False False False False True False False
## [997] False False True True False True False True False False True False
## [1009] False False False False True False False True False True False False
## [1021] False False True False True True True False False False False True
## [1033] False False False True False True True False False True False False
## [1045] True False False False False False False False False False False True
## [1057] False False False False False True True False True True False False
## [1069] False True False False False False False True False True False True
## [1081] True False False False False False False False True False False False
## [1093] False False False True False True False True True True False True
## [1105] False False True False True True False False False False False False
## [1117] True False False True True False False False False False False True
## [1129] True False False False False True True False False False False False
## [1141] False False False True False False False False False False True False
## [1153] False False False False True False True True False False False True
## [1165] False False False False False True True False False False False False
## [1177] False False False False False False False True True True False True
## [1189] False False True False False False False False False False False False
## [1201] True False False False False True False False False False False False
## [1213] False False False False False False False True False True False True
## [1225] False False True True False True False False False False False False
## [1237] False False True False True True False False False False False False
## [1249] True False False False False False False False False False False True
## [1261] False False False True True True True True False True False True
## [1273] False False False False False False True False False False True True
## [1285] False False False True False False False False False False True False
## [1297] False True False True False True False True False False False False
## [1309] True True False False False False False False False False False False
## [1321] False False True False False True False False True False True False
## [1333] True True True False False False False False False False False False
## [1345] False False False True False False False True False False False False
## [1357] False False True False False True False False False True False False
## [1369] True False False True True False False True False False False True
## [1381] True False False False False False False False False False False True
## [1393] False False False False True True False True False True True False
## [1405] False True False False True False False False False False False False
## [1417] False True False False True True False False False False True False
## [1429] False True False False True False False False False False True False
## [1441] False False False False False False True True False False False False
## [1453] False False False True False False True True True False True False
## [1465] True True False False True True False False False False True False
## [1477] False False False True True True False False False True False True
## [1489] False True False False False True False False False False True False
## [1501] False True False True False True False True False False False False
## [1513] True False False False True True False True True True False True
## [1525] False False False True False True False False False False False True
## [1537] True True False True True True False False False False False False
## [1549] False False True True False True True False False False False False
## [1561] False False False False False True False True False True False False
## [1573] False False True True True True False True False True True False
## [1585] False False False False True False False False False False False False
## [1597] False False False False False True False False False False False False
## [1609] True False False False False True False True False True True False
## [1621] True False True True False True False False True False True False
## [1633] False True False False False False False True False True False False
## [1645] False False True False True False False True False False False False
## [1657] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [1669] True False False False False False False True False False False True
## [1681] True True False True False False False False False False True True
## [1693] True True False False False False False False False False False False
## [1705] True False True False False True False True True True True False
## [1717] False False True False True False False False False False True True
## [1729] True False False False False False True False False False False True
## [1741] False True True True True False True False False True False False
## [1753] True False False False False True True False False False False True
## [1765] False True True True True False False True False True False False
## [1777] False False False False True True False True False False False False
## [1789] True True False False True False False False False True True False
## [1801] True False False True True False False False False False True True
## [1813] True True True False False False False False False False True True
## [1825] False False False False True True False False False False False True
## [1837] False False False False True True False False False True True False
## [1849] False False False False True False False False False False False False
## [1861] False False True False False False False True False False False False
## [1873] False False False True False False True True False False True False
## [1885] True False False False False False False True False False False False
## [1897] False True False False False False False True False False False False
## [1909] False False True False False False True True False False False True
## [1921] False False True False False False False False False True False False
## [1933] True False False False False True False False False False False False
## [1945] False True True False False False False False False False False False
## [1957] False False False False False False False False False True False True
## [1969] True False False False False False False False False False False False
## [1981] False True False False True False False False False False True False
## [1993] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [2005] True False False True False False False False True False False False
## [2017] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2029] False False True False True False False False False False False False
## [2041] False True False False False True False False False False False False
## [2053] False True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2065] False False True False False False False False True False False False
## [2077] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [2089] False True False False False True True False False False False False
## [2101] False False False True False True False False False False False True
## [2113] False True False False False False False False True False False False
## [2125] True False False False True False False False False False False False
## [2137] False False False False False False False False False False True True
## [2149] False False False False False False False False True False True False
## [2161] False False True False False False False False False False False True
## [2173] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [2185] False False False True False False False False False True False False
## [2197] False False False False False False False True False False False False
## [2209] False False True True True False False False False False False False
## [2221] False False False False False False True False False True False False
## [2233] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2245] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [2257] True False False False False True False False False False True False
## [2269] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [2281] False True False True False False False False True False False False
## [2293] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2305] False False False True True False False False True False True False
## [2317] False True False False False False False True True False False False
## [2329] False True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2341] False True False False False False True False False False False False
## [2353] False False False False False False False False False False False True
## [2365] True False False False False False True False False True False False
## [2377] False False False True False False False False False False True False
## [2389] False False False False False True True False False False False False
## [2401] False False False False False False True True False False False False
## [2413] True False True False False False False False False False False False
## [2425] False False True False True False False False False False False False
## [2437] False False False False False False False False False False False True
## [2449] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2461] False False False False False False False False False False True True
## [2473] False True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2485] False False False True True False False False False False True False
## [2497] False False True False False False False False False True False False
## [2509] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2521] False False False True False False False False True False True False
## [2533] False False False False False False False True True False False False
## [2545] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2557] True False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2569] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2581] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2593] True False False False False True False False True False False False
## [2605] True False True True False False True False False False False False
## [2617] False False False False False False False False False False True False
## [2629] False False False False False False False True False True False False
## [2641] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2653] True False False False False False False False True False False False
## [2665] False True False False False False False False False True False False
## [2677] False False False False False True False False False True True True
## [2689] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2701] False False False False True False True False False False True True
## [2713] False True False False False False False True False False False False
## [2725] False False False False False False False True True False False False
## [2737] False True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2749] False False False False False False False True False False False False
## [2761] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [2773] True True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2785] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2797] False False False False False False False True False False False False
## [2809] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2821] False True False False False False False False False True False False
## [2833] False False False False False False False False False False False False
## [2845] False True False False False False False False False False False False
## [2857] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [2869] False False True False False False False False True False False False
## [2881] True False False False False True True False False True False True
## [2893] False False False True False False False False False False False False
## [2905] False False False False False True False True False False False False
## [2917] False True False False False True False False True False False False
## [2929] False False False False False False True False False False False False
## [2941] False False False
## Levels: True Falsefactor(mydata$RestingECG, levels = c(1,0), labels = c("Yes", "No"))## [1] No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No
## [15] Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No
## [29] No No No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [43] No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
## [57] No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No
## [71] Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No
## [85] No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No
## [99] No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No
## [113] No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No
## [127] No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [141] No Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No
## [155] Yes No No No No Yes <NA> No No No No No Yes No
## [169] No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
## [183] No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No
## [197] No No No No No No No Yes No No <NA> No <NA> No
## [211] No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No
## [225] No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No
## [239] No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No
## [253] Yes No No No <NA> No No No No No No No No No
## [267] No No No No No No No <NA> No No No No Yes Yes
## [281] <NA> No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No
## [295] No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes
## [309] No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No
## [323] No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No <NA>
## [337] <NA> Yes <NA> No No No No No No No No No Yes No
## [351] No Yes Yes Yes Yes <NA> No No No No No No Yes Yes
## [365] No No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No Yes
## [379] No Yes Yes No No No No No No <NA> No Yes No Yes
## [393] <NA> No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No
## [407] No No No <NA> Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [421] <NA> Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No <NA> Yes Yes No No
## [435] Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [449] No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No
## [463] No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No <NA>
## [477] <NA> No Yes <NA> No Yes No <NA> No Yes Yes Yes No No
## [491] No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes
## [505] No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
## [519] Yes Yes Yes Yes <NA> No Yes No <NA> No No No No Yes
## [533] Yes Yes No <NA> Yes Yes No <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes No Yes
## [547] Yes Yes No Yes No <NA> No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
## [561] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes <NA>
## [575] Yes No Yes No <NA> Yes <NA> No <NA> <NA> Yes Yes No <NA>
## [589] Yes No Yes Yes <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes No
## [603] No No No <NA> Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes <NA> <NA> <NA>
## [617] <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> <NA> No <NA>
## [631] No No <NA> <NA> No <NA> <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA>
## [645] <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No No
## [659] No No <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> No <NA>
## [673] No No <NA> No No No No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No No No
## [687] No <NA> Yes No <NA> <NA> No No No No No <NA> <NA> No
## [701] <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> <NA> No No
## [715] No No No No <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No Yes No <NA>
## [729] No No No <NA> <NA> No <NA> No <NA> No <NA> <NA> No No
## [743] <NA> No No No <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA>
## [757] <NA> No <NA> <NA> No No <NA> <NA> <NA> No No <NA> No <NA>
## [771] No No <NA> <NA> No No No No <NA> No No <NA> <NA> <NA>
## [785] <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No No No No No No <NA> <NA>
## [799] <NA> <NA> No <NA> No <NA> No No No No <NA> No <NA> <NA>
## [813] No No <NA> No <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> No No <NA>
## [827] <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> No
## [841] No No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
## [855] No <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No <NA> <NA> No <NA> <NA>
## [869] No No No No No No No No <NA> <NA> No No No No
## [883] <NA> No <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> <NA> No <NA> No No
## [897] No Yes No No Yes <NA> No <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> No
## [911] No <NA> No No No No <NA> No Yes Yes No Yes <NA> No
## [925] <NA> No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No
## [939] <NA> <NA> No <NA> No Yes No <NA> <NA> <NA> No No <NA> Yes
## [953] Yes No Yes No No Yes <NA> <NA> No Yes No No Yes Yes
## [967] No Yes No Yes <NA> No <NA> <NA> <NA> No <NA> No <NA> Yes
## [981] Yes No <NA> Yes <NA> <NA> Yes No <NA> Yes Yes Yes Yes <NA>
## [995] <NA> Yes <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> Yes
## [1009] No <NA> Yes No No Yes Yes <NA> No <NA> No No No Yes
## [1023] No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes
## [1037] No No No No No <NA> Yes No No No Yes Yes No No
## [1051] Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No <NA> <NA> No No
## [1065] <NA> <NA> No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
## [1079] Yes Yes Yes <NA> <NA> Yes Yes <NA> Yes Yes <NA> No No No
## [1093] Yes <NA> <NA> No Yes Yes Yes Yes No <NA> No Yes No <NA>
## [1107] No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes <NA> Yes
## [1121] <NA> Yes Yes Yes <NA> <NA> Yes <NA> Yes No No No Yes <NA>
## [1135] <NA> No No No Yes <NA> No Yes No No Yes No No <NA>
## [1149] No No <NA> No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes <NA> <NA> <NA> No
## [1163] No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No
## [1177] No <NA> <NA> Yes <NA> No <NA> Yes No No No <NA> No No
## [1191] Yes No No No No No <NA> Yes No <NA> No No Yes No
## [1205] <NA> <NA> No Yes <NA> No Yes No Yes Yes No No <NA> Yes
## [1219] No <NA> No No No No <NA> No No No No Yes No Yes
## [1233] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No
## [1247] No Yes Yes No Yes <NA> No <NA> No Yes <NA> No No Yes
## [1261] <NA> Yes Yes No <NA> <NA> No No No <NA> No Yes Yes <NA>
## [1275] No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No
## [1289] <NA> No Yes No Yes <NA> <NA> No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <NA>
## [1303] Yes No Yes <NA> <NA> Yes No Yes <NA> No No Yes <NA> No
## [1317] No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No <NA> <NA> Yes Yes
## [1331] <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes
## [1345] Yes Yes Yes <NA> <NA> No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No <NA>
## [1359] No Yes Yes <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes Yes <NA> <NA> No No No
## [1373] Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
## [1387] No No No No No Yes Yes <NA> No No Yes <NA> No <NA>
## [1401] No Yes No No Yes No No No <NA> No No <NA> No No
## [1415] <NA> No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
## [1429] No Yes No No No No No No <NA> No No Yes Yes No
## [1443] No <NA> No Yes Yes Yes Yes No <NA> No No No <NA> No
## [1457] No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No <NA> Yes
## [1471] No No No <NA> Yes No Yes Yes <NA> <NA> Yes No No Yes
## [1485] No No No <NA> No No Yes No <NA> <NA> No No No Yes
## [1499] No Yes No Yes No <NA> Yes No <NA> No <NA> Yes Yes No
## [1513] <NA> Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No <NA> No No Yes No Yes
## [1527] No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No <NA> No No No
## [1541] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No <NA> Yes Yes Yes <NA>
## [1555] <NA> Yes <NA> No No No Yes No <NA> No No No No Yes
## [1569] Yes <NA> No <NA> Yes Yes <NA> <NA> No Yes No No <NA> Yes
## [1583] <NA> No <NA> No No Yes <NA> Yes No No No Yes No No
## [1597] No Yes No Yes No Yes <NA> Yes No Yes No Yes Yes <NA>
## [1611] No No <NA> No No <NA> No <NA> No Yes <NA> Yes Yes Yes
## [1625] <NA> <NA> Yes No <NA> Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No
## [1639] Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No <NA> No No Yes
## [1653] No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes <NA> No No Yes
## [1667] No Yes <NA> No Yes No No <NA> Yes <NA> No <NA> No No
## [1681] No No <NA> <NA> No No No No <NA> <NA> No <NA> No Yes
## [1695] <NA> Yes No Yes No No No Yes No <NA> Yes <NA> No <NA>
## [1709] <NA> No <NA> Yes No Yes <NA> No Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [1723] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No <NA> No <NA> Yes Yes <NA>
## [1737] Yes No Yes No <NA> No <NA> No Yes No No <NA> No Yes
## [1751] <NA> Yes Yes Yes <NA> <NA> Yes Yes No <NA> No No No No
## [1765] Yes <NA> Yes <NA> Yes No No No <NA> No No No No No
## [1779] Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
## [1793] Yes Yes Yes No Yes <NA> Yes Yes No No <NA> Yes No No
## [1807] No No No <NA> <NA> Yes No Yes No <NA> Yes <NA> Yes No
## [1821] No No No Yes <NA> <NA> <NA> Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1835] No Yes Yes Yes No <NA> Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes <NA>
## [1849] No Yes <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> Yes No Yes No No Yes <NA> No
## [1863] No Yes Yes <NA> Yes Yes No No No <NA> Yes <NA> No Yes
## [1877] Yes <NA> No No <NA> <NA> <NA> No No Yes Yes No No No
## [1891] <NA> Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No <NA> No No Yes
## [1905] <NA> No Yes Yes <NA> No <NA> No No <NA> Yes No Yes No
## [1919] Yes No Yes Yes Yes No <NA> No No No Yes No Yes Yes
## [1933] Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No
## [1947] No <NA> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No
## [1961] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [1975] No No No No No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No
## [1989] No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [2003] Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes
## [2017] No <NA> Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No
## [2031] No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
## [2045] No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
## [2059] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No <NA> No No No
## [2073] No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes
## [2087] Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No
## [2101] No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes
## [2115] Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No
## [2129] Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Yes
## [2143] No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [2157] Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [2171] Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No
## [2185] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes
## [2199] No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [2213] No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
## [2227] Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [2241] No Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
## [2255] Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes
## [2269] No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No
## [2283] No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes
## [2297] Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes
## [2311] Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No
## [2325] No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No
## [2339] No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes
## [2353] No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
## [2367] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
## [2381] No Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [2395] No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes
## [2409] No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [2423] Yes Yes Yes No No <NA> No No No No Yes Yes No Yes
## [2437] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes
## [2451] Yes No No <NA> Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes
## [2465] No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [2479] Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No
## [2493] No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
## [2507] No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2521] Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No <NA> No <NA> No Yes Yes Yes
## [2535] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
## [2549] Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes
## [2563] Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
## [2577] Yes No No <NA> Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
## [2591] Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No
## [2605] Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
## [2619] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2633] No No <NA> No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No
## [2647] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No
## [2661] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
## [2675] No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [2689] Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2703] No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
## [2717] No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [2731] No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No
## [2745] Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
## [2759] Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No
## [2773] No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2787] Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No
## [2801] Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No <NA> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2815] No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
## [2829] Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2843] No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2857] No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [2871] Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes <NA>
## [2885] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
## [2899] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <NA> No No Yes Yes Yes No No
## [2913] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No <NA> No No
## [2927] Yes Yes Yes No Yes <NA> Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No
## [2941] No No Yes
## Levels: Yes Nofactor(mydata$HeartDisease, levels = c(1,0), labels = c("Yes", "No"))## [1] No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No
## [19] Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [37] Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No
## [55] No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No
## [73] Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
## [91] No No No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
## [109] No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No
## [127] No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [145] Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
## [163] No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No
## [181] Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No
## [199] Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
## [217] Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
## [235] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [253] No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No
## [271] No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No
## [289] No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [307] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [325] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [343] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [361] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [379] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [397] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [415] Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [433] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [451] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No
## [469] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [487] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [505] Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [523] Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [541] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
## [559] Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [577] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
## [595] Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [613] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No
## [631] No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No
## [649] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [667] No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No
## [685] Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No
## [703] No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes
## [721] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [739] No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes
## [757] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No
## [775] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
## [793] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No
## [811] No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No
## [829] Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [847] Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
## [865] Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No
## [883] No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes
## [901] Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [919] Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
## [937] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No
## [955] Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes
## [973] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [991] Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1009] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No
## [1027] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
## [1045] Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No
## [1063] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes
## [1081] Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [1099] No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes
## [1117] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1135] Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No
## [1153] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes
## [1171] Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [1189] No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1207] No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
## [1225] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [1243] Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [1261] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No
## [1279] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No
## [1297] Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [1315] Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [1333] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [1351] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [1369] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
## [1387] Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
## [1405] No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes
## [1423] No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
## [1441] No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [1459] No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
## [1477] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1495] No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
## [1513] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes
## [1531] No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No
## [1549] No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes
## [1567] No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No
## [1585] Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [1603] Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No
## [1621] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes
## [1639] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
## [1657] No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [1675] No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes
## [1693] Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
## [1711] Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [1729] Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
## [1747] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No
## [1765] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No
## [1783] No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [1801] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [1819] No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes
## [1837] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [1855] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes
## [1873] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No
## [1891] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No
## [1909] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No
## [1927] No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [1945] Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [1963] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
## [1981] No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [1999] No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No
## [2017] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No
## [2035] No No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2053] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [2071] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes
## [2089] Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No
## [2107] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2125] No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes
## [2143] Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No
## [2161] Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [2179] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes
## [2197] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No
## [2215] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes
## [2233] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No
## [2251] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
## [2269] Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No
## [2287] Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes
## [2305] Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2323] No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2341] Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No
## [2359] No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes
## [2377] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
## [2395] No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
## [2413] Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No
## [2431] No No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2449] No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes
## [2467] Yes Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
## [2485] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No
## [2503] No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No
## [2521] Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
## [2539] No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
## [2557] No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
## [2575] No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes
## [2593] No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes
## [2611] No Yes No No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No
## [2629] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes
## [2647] No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2665] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
## [2683] No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes No No
## [2701] Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
## [2719] No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2737] Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No
## [2755] Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No
## [2773] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2791] Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No
## [2809] No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes
## [2827] No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No
## [2845] No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
## [2863] No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes
## [2881] Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No
## [2899] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No
## [2917] No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No
## [2935] No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No
## Levels: Yes No2 Descriptive statistics
library(psych)
describe(mydata[c(-2, -3, -6, -7, -9, -10, -11)], )## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew
## Age 1 2943 52.38 13.04 54 52.93 13.34 20 80 60 -0.37
## RestingBP 2 2943 138.70 24.62 134 136.58 20.76 0 200 200 0.68
## Cholesterol 3 2943 253.52 112.72 248 254.25 72.65 0 603 603 -0.02
## MaxHR 4 2943 144.04 28.45 145 144.91 31.13 60 202 142 -0.27
## kurtosis se
## Age -0.25 0.24
## RestingBP 0.32 0.45
## Cholesterol 1.04 2.08
## MaxHR -0.48 0.52Mean of age: the average age of the observed individuals is 52.38
Median of RestingBP: 50% or less of the observed individuals are having 134 mm Hg blood pressure when they are resting
sd of Cholesterol: the standard deviation is 112.72mg/dl, which is lower than the mean 253.52, showing the values of the individuals’ Cholesterol level are near the mean and there is less variability in the data
Max of MaxHR: the largest maximum heart rate is 202BPM
Describe Heart Disease by Sex:
library(psych)
describeBy(mydata$HeartDisease, mydata$Sex)##
## Descriptive statistics by group
## group: 0
## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 740 0.55 0.5 1 0.57 0 0 1 1 -0.21 -1.96 0.02
## ------------------------------------------------------------
## group: 1
## vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
## X1 1 2203 0.55 0.5 1 0.56 0 0 1 1 -0.19 -1.97 0.01The results are similar, so Male and Female have similar rate of getting heart disease in this data set.
hist(mydata$Cholesterol,
main = "Distribution of Cholesterol Level",
xlab = "Cholesterol Level",
ylab = "Number of Individuals",
breaks = seq(0, 700, 100),
col = "pink")
The histogram shows the distribution of cholesterol level of the individuals. Most individuals have cholesterol level in the range 200 to 300. The cholesterol level in the range 600 to 700 has the least number of individuals.
library(car)## Loading required package: carData##
## Attaching package: 'car'## The following object is masked from 'package:psych':
##
## logitscatterplot(HeartDisease ~ FastingBS | Sex,
ylab = "Heart Disease",
xlab = "Fasting Blood Sugar",
smooth = FALSE,
data = mydata)
There is positive correlation between Fasting Blood Sugar and Heart Disease, so having fasting blood sugar means a higher chance of getting heart disease. The situation is more serious for male than female as there is a more upward slope.
boxplot(mydata$MaxHR)
The max of Maximum Heart Rate of individuals is slightly above 200BPM and the min is slightly above 60BPM, where 60BPM is somehow an outlier. 25% of the data of Maximum Heart Rate falls on slightly above 120BPM, the median of the Maximum Heart Rate is around 150BPM, and 75% of the data of Maximum Heart Rate falls on around 170BPM. These show that many individuals’ maximum heart rate is rather high.