Data Cleaning Process & Final Dataset for Analysis

• Niki Linganur

1. Stages of data cleaning

1. Load the necessary packages

   For this step, I loaded the following: install.packages(“readr”), install.packages(“readxl”), library(readr) & library(readxl)

2. Read the datasets

   Here I read in the “rule of law” indicator CSV file on my desktop and the ESG reporting Excel file in my downloads.

Read the “rule of law” indicator CSV file

rule_of_law_data <- read_csv(“users/Nikhila/desktop/rule_of_law_data.csv”)

Read the ESG reporting Excel file

esg_reporting_data <- read_excel(“users/Nikhila/downloads/esg_reporting_data.xlsx”)

3. Merge the datasets

   Since both datasets contain data for the same countries, I then merged them based on a common identifier (here that was the country name/code).
   merged_data <- merge(rule_of_law_data, esg_reporting_data, by = “Country”, all = TRUE)

4. Handle missing values

   There were some missing values after this portion and so I removed these countries in the dataset based off them (since manually inputting them would have led to too much inaccuracy).

5. Check data types

   I then checked that the columns containing numeric data are of the correct data type ( numeric and letter coded where necessary).

B. Cleaned dataset:

options(repos = c(CRAN = "https://cran.rstudio.com/"))
install.packages("readxl")  

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-x86_64/contrib/4.3/readxl_1.4.3.tgz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1563699 bytes (1.5 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.5 MB

The downloaded binary packages are in
    /var/folders/yd/c2zm5hrx3z9f72991hsqsbqh0000gn/T//RtmpCP2ekt/downloaded_packages

library(readxl)
# Replace "path_to_your_excel_file.xlsx" with the actual path to your Excel file
file_path <- "C:/Users/nikhila/Desktop/Data (KPMG & rule of law).xlsx"

# Read the Excel file into a data frame
data <- file_path

To verify that my data is correct:

head(data)

[1] "C:/Users/nikhila/Desktop/Data (KPMG & rule of law).xlsx"

tail(data)

[1] "C:/Users/nikhila/Desktop/Data (KPMG & rule of law).xlsx"

Now my data is ready to use for analysis