'data.frame': 220 obs. of 53 variables:
$ code : int 41 57 4 92 94 16 26 61 52 62 ...
$ county : chr "Siaya" "Migori" "Migori" "Siaya" ...
$ time : chr "endline" "baseline" "endline" "baseline" ...
$ treat_control : chr "control" "control" "control" "control" ...
$ age : int 57 20 28 22 60 39 31 28 44 18 ...
$ gender : chr "male" "male" "female" "female" ...
$ mstatus : chr "married" "single" "single" "single" ...
$ edulevel : chr "secondary" "secondary" "college" "college" ...
$ occup : chr "security officer" "student" "business" "student" ...
$ dateinjury : chr "10-10-20" "16-04-20" "8-09-20" "2-07-20" ...
$ timeinj : chr "0900hrs" "1100hrs" "0900hrs" "1500hrs" ...
$ MOI : chr "rti" "rti,fall" "stab" "burns" ...
$ anatlocation : chr "head" "head, face" "chest" "face, chest" ...
$ ISS : int 15 16 15 16 15 15 15 16 15 16 ...
$ admdate : chr "10-10-20" "16-04-20" "8-09-20" "2-07-20" ...
$ arrivaltime : chr "0950hrs" "1300hrs" "1000hrs" "1530hrs" ...
$ arrivalmode : chr "motorbike" "motorbike" "taxi" "taxi" ...
$ refby : chr "self" "self" "nurse" "self" ...
$ receiveby : chr "mo" "nurse" "mo" "nurse" ...
$ triagecategory : chr "immediate" "immediate" "immediate" "urgent" ...
$ timeassmnt : chr "1020hrs" "1330hrs" "1025hrs" "1600hrs" ...
$ Durationmins : int 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 20 20 10 ...
$ state : chr "alive" "alive" "alive" "alive" ...
$ HRinitial : int 98 94 90 105 98 102 122 110 98 118 ...
$ SBPinitial : int 110 124 130 90 120 90 90 115 124 90 ...
$ DBPinitial : int 80 72 80 70 70 60 75 68 75 65 ...
$ RRinitial : int 14 22 20 22 13 12 24 20 13 28 ...
$ SPO2initial : int 93 94 95 88 92 90 82 95 94 90 ...
$ painscore : int NA 10 9 10 10 NA NA 10 9 NA ...
$ GCS : int 13 12 15 12 14 12 13 15 13 12 ...
$ AVPU : chr "u" "p" "a" "v" ...
$ airwaystatus : chr "patent" "obstructed" "patent" "obstructed" ...
$ airwayinterven : chr "none" "none" "none" "suction" ...
$ spinestabilized : chr "no" "no" "no" "no" ...
$ breathingstatus : chr "spont" "spont" "spont" "supplemental" ...
$ breathinginterven: chr "none" "none" "none" "ventilator" ...
$ bleedingcontrol : chr "bandage" "none" "bandage" "N/A" ...
$ Fluidadmin : chr "NS 1L" "mannitol" "NS 500mls" "NS 1L" ...
$ meds : chr "mannitol" "tramadol" "analgesics" "tramadol" ...
$ Eddeparture : chr "1100hrs" "1600hrs" "1110hrs" "1635hrs" ...
$ Edduration_mins : int 40 150 45 35 40 40 45 360 90 80 ...
$ HRdispo : int 95 96 87 100 76 108 116 69 80 105 ...
$ SBPdispo : int 120 103 127 105 150 90 75 120 108 100 ...
$ DBPdispo : int 70 70 69 60 60 75 50 70 75 75 ...
$ RRdispo : int 15 14 19 28 12 11 12 22 18 20 ...
$ SPO2dispo : int 93 94 94 88 92 90 83 95 94 94 ...
$ Admit : chr "ward" "ward" "ward" "icu" ...
$ hospdischarge : chr "15-11-20" "7-05-20" "23-09-20" "17-07-20" ...
$ LOSdays : int 35 21 15 15 25 30 1 25 20 22 ...
$ state.1 : chr "fair" "stable" "stable" "rehab" ...
$ outcome : chr "alive" "alive" "alive" "alive" ...
$ ICU_LOS : int NA NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA NA NA ...
$ ward_LOS : int NA NA NA NA NA 22 NA NA NA NA ...
Top 5 Occupations (with Percentages) and Totals
===================================
occup n total Percentage
-----------------------------------
business 61 220 27.7%
student 38 220 17.3%
farmer 25 220 11.4%
housewife 17 220 7.7%
casual labourer 15 220 6.8%
-----------------------------------
Top 5 Occupations by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
===========================================================
time treat_control occup n total Percentage
-----------------------------------------------------------
baseline control business 14 46 30.4%
baseline control student 8 46 17.4%
baseline control farmer 6 46 13.0%
baseline control casual labourer 5 46 10.9%
baseline control housewife 4 46 8.7%
baseline treatment business 13 57 22.8%
baseline treatment student 12 57 21.1%
baseline treatment farmer 10 57 17.5%
baseline treatment housewife 7 57 12.3%
baseline treatment casual labourer 4 57 7.0%
baseline treatment security officer 4 57 7.0%
baseline treatment teacher 4 57 7.0%
endline control business 19 64 29.7%
endline control student 7 64 10.9%
endline control housewife 5 64 7.8%
endline control casual labourer 4 64 6.2%
endline control farmer 4 64 6.2%
endline treatment business 15 53 28.3%
endline treatment student 11 53 20.8%
endline treatment farmer 5 53 9.4%
endline treatment teacher 3 53 5.7%
endline treatment casual labourer 2 53 3.8%
endline treatment security officer 2 53 3.8%
-----------------------------------------------------------
Participants' gender by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
=================================================
time treat_control gender n total Percentage
-------------------------------------------------
baseline control female 20 46 43.5%
baseline control male 26 46 56.5%
baseline treatment female 24 57 42.1%
baseline treatment male 33 57 57.9%
endline control female 27 64 42.2%
endline control male 37 64 57.8%
endline treatment female 20 53 37.7%
endline treatment male 33 53 62.3%
-------------------------------------------------
Participants' marital status by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
==================================================
time treat_control mstatus n total Percentage
--------------------------------------------------
baseline control married 30 46 65.2%
baseline control single 16 46 34.8%
baseline treatment married 39 57 68.4%
baseline treatment single 17 57 29.8%
baseline treatment widowed 1 57 1.8%
endline control married 53 64 82.8%
endline control single 11 64 17.2%
endline treatment married 37 53 69.8%
endline treatment single 15 53 28.3%
endline treatment widowed 1 53 1.9%
--------------------------------------------------
Participants' education level by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
=====================================================
time treat_control edulevel n total Percentage
-----------------------------------------------------
baseline control college 8 46 17.4%
baseline control primary 18 46 39.1%
baseline control secondary 20 46 43.5%
baseline treatment college 13 57 22.8%
baseline treatment primary 25 57 43.9%
baseline treatment secondary 19 57 33.3%
endline control college 11 64 17.2%
endline control primary 16 64 25.0%
endline control secondary 34 64 53.1%
endline control university 3 64 4.7%
endline treatment college 12 53 22.6%
endline treatment primary 10 53 18.9%
endline treatment secondary 31 53 58.5%
-----------------------------------------------------
Participants' county by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
===================================================
time treat_control county n total Percentage
---------------------------------------------------
baseline control migori 26 46 56.5%
baseline control siaya 20 46 43.5%
baseline treatment kakamega 34 57 59.6%
baseline treatment vihiga 23 57 40.4%
endline control migori 32 64 50.0%
endline control siaya 32 64 50.0%
endline treatment kakamega 27 53 50.9%
endline treatment vihiga 26 53 49.1%
---------------------------------------------------
Participants' age by Time and Treatment Control
======================================================================
time treat_control mean_duration ci_lower ci_upper min_age max_age
----------------------------------------------------------------------
baseline control 38.957 34.119 43.794 18 79
baseline treatment 39.982 35.611 44.354 17 79
endline control 41.906 38.658 45.154 21 67
endline treatment 39.340 35.132 43.547 18 72
----------------------------------------------------------------------
========================
MOI count
------------------------
1 rti 111
2 fall 32
3 stab 29
4 assault 18
5 burns 14
6 gunshot 5
7 cut 4
8 rti, motorbike 2
9 crushing 1
10 penetrating inj 1
11 rti,fall 1
12 stab, assault 1
13 stab/ cut 1
------------------------
=================================
time MOI count
---------------------------------
1 endline rti 58
2 baseline rti 53
3 endline fall 17
4 baseline fall 15
5 endline stab 15
6 baseline stab 14
7 baseline assault 10
8 endline assault 8
9 endline burns 8
10 baseline burns 6
11 endline gunshot 5
12 endline cut 3
13 baseline rti, motorbike 2
14 baseline cut 1
15 baseline rti,fall 1
16 baseline stab, assault 1
17 endline crushing 1
18 endline penetrating inj 1
19 endline stab/ cut 1
---------------------------------
==================================================================================
time treat_control mean_duration ci_lower ci_upper min_duration max_duration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 baseline control 68.370 50.265 86.474 30 360
2 baseline treatment 55.702 47.135 64.269 15 210
3 endline control 64.375 58.525 70.225 30 130
4 endline treatment 34.113 30.378 37.849 10 65
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of ICU Admissions by Time and Treatment Control
==============================================================================
time treat_control total_ICU_admissions total_obs percent_ICU_admissions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 baseline control 6 46 13.043
2 baseline treatment 14 57 24.561
3 endline control 15 64 23.438
4 endline treatment 8 53 15.094
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int [1:220] NA NA NA NA NA 8 NA NA NA NA ...
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
2.000 3.500 8.000 7.522 10.500 15.000 197
==================================================================================
time treat_control mean_duration ci_lower ci_upper min_duration max_duration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 baseline control Inf -Inf
2 baseline treatment Inf -Inf
3 endline control 9.533 8.679 10.387 2 15
4 endline treatment 3.750 3.147 4.353 2 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=========================================================================
treat_control mean_duration ci_lower ci_upper min_duration max_duration
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 control 9.533 8.679 10.387 2 15
2 treatment 3.750 3.147 4.353 2 8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistical Test Results
| DBPinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| GCS_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| HRinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| RRinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| SBPinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| SPO2initial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| painscore_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| DBPinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| GCS_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| HRinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| RRinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| SBPinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| SPO2initial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| painscore_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
Statistical Test Results
| DBPinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| GCS_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| HRinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| RRinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| SBPinitial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| SPO2initial_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| painscore_mean |
1.0000000 |
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (within-group) |
| DBPinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| GCS_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| HRinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| RRinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| SBPinitial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| SPO2initial_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
| painscore_mean |
0.6673311 |
Mann-Whitney U test (between-group) |
0 1
59 161
Summary of Hospital Admission by Time and Treatment Control
==============================================================================
time treat_control total_hosp_admission total_obs percent_hosp_admission
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 baseline control 35 46 76.087
2 baseline treatment 41 57 71.930
3 endline control 49 64 76.562
4 endline treatment 36 53 67.925
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of Hosp Length of Stay by Time and Treatment Control
==================================================================================
time treat_control mean_duration ci_lower ci_upper min_duration max_duration
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 baseline control 22.239 18.465 26.014 1 60
2 baseline treatment 23.702 19.111 28.292 1 65
3 endline control 24.453 21.582 27.324 1 62
4 endline treatment 18.547 16.437 20.657 3 32
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hospital Mortality by Time and Treatment Control (with Percentages)
==================================================
time treat_control outcome n total Percentage
--------------------------------------------------
baseline control alive 41 46 89.1%
baseline control dead 5 46 10.9%
baseline treatment alive 44 57 77.2%
baseline treatment dead 13 57 22.8%
endline control alive 58 64 90.6%
endline control dead 6 64 9.4%
endline treatment alive 51 53 96.2%
endline treatment dead 2 53 3.8%
--------------------------------------------------
Hospital Mortality by Treatment Control (with Percentages)
=========================================
treat_control outcome n total Percentage
-----------------------------------------
control alive 99 110 90.0%
control dead 11 110 10.0%
treatment alive 95 110 86.4%
treatment dead 15 110 13.6%
-----------------------------------------
Fisher’s Exact Test for Hospital Mortality by Treatment Control
|
treat_control
|
p_value
|
|
control
|
0.532
|
|
treatment
|
0.532
|
Grouped Data with Percentages
|
time
|
treat_control
|
airwaystatus
|
breathingstatus
|
count
|
total
|
Percentage
|
|
baseline
|
control
|
obstructed
|
spont
|
1
|
46
|
2.2%
|
|
baseline
|
control
|
obstructed
|
supplemental
|
10
|
46
|
21.7%
|
|
baseline
|
control
|
patent
|
spont
|
31
|
46
|
67.4%
|
|
baseline
|
control
|
patent
|
supplemental
|
4
|
46
|
8.7%
|
|
baseline
|
treatment
|
obstructed
|
supplemental
|
21
|
57
|
36.8%
|
|
baseline
|
treatment
|
patent
|
spont
|
30
|
57
|
52.6%
|
|
baseline
|
treatment
|
patent
|
supplemental
|
6
|
57
|
10.5%
|
|
endline
|
control
|
obstructed
|
supplemental
|
15
|
64
|
23.4%
|
|
endline
|
control
|
patent
|
spont
|
44
|
64
|
68.8%
|
|
endline
|
control
|
patent
|
supplemental
|
5
|
64
|
7.8%
|
|
endline
|
treatment
|
obstructed
|
supplemental
|
20
|
53
|
37.7%
|
|
endline
|
treatment
|
patent
|
spont
|
28
|
53
|
52.8%
|
|
endline
|
treatment
|
patent
|
supplemental
|
5
|
53
|
9.4%
|
Difference-in-Differences Model with Control Variables
=====================================================
Dependent Variable
------------------
Estimate
-----------------------------------------------------
timeendline 0.075
(0.083)
treat_controltreatment 0.030
(0.081)
age -0.003
(0.003)
gendermale 0.010
(0.058)
mstatussingle -0.002
(0.129)
mstatuswidowed -0.148
(0.094)
edulevelprimary 0.070
(0.148)
edulevelsecondary -0.033
(0.137)
eduleveluniversity -0.131
(0.096)
occupadministrator 0.553*
(0.298)
occupbar attendant -0.287
(0.235)
occupbarber -0.223
(0.245)
occupbodarider -0.266
(0.243)
occupbusiness -0.103
(0.235)
occupcasual labourer 0.090
(0.257)
occupclerk -0.265
(0.289)
occupcobbler -0.282
(0.303)
occupdriver 0.029
(0.365)
occupfarmer -0.172
(0.250)
occupfishing -0.161
(0.251)
occuphousewife -0.289
(0.261)
occupmason 0.216
(0.418)
occupmechanic -0.181
(0.261)
occupnone -0.346
(0.240)
occupnurse 0.497*
(0.259)
occupoffic assistant 0.333
(0.250)
occuppastor -0.506*
(0.281)
occuppreacher -0.257
(0.256)
occuppubic servant -0.158
(0.261)
occuprtd public servant -0.166
(0.254)
occupsaleslady -0.400
(0.266)
occupsalonist -0.585**
(0.274)
occupsecurity officer -0.308
(0.253)
occupshop attendant -0.339
(0.261)
occupstudent -0.248
(0.295)
occuptailor -0.295
(0.231)
occupteacher -0.304
(0.277)
occuptechnician -0.380
(0.267)
occuptrader 0.495*
(0.273)
occupvendor -0.191
(0.289)
occupvet officer -0.175
(0.251)
ISS 0.081
(0.066)
GCS -0.080***
(0.014)
MOIburns 0.146
(0.155)
MOIcrushing 0.185
(0.122)
MOIcut -0.079
(0.127)
MOIfall 0.072
(0.122)
MOIgunshot 0.008
(0.167)
MOIpenetrating inj 1.138***
(0.175)
MOIrti 0.031
(0.099)
MOIrti, motorbike -0.041
(0.145)
MOIrti,fall -0.165
(0.167)
MOIstab 0.095
(0.131)
MOIstab, assault -0.229
(0.159)
MOIstab/ cut -0.325**
(0.149)
timeendline:treat_controltreatment -0.140
(0.114)
Constant 0.171
(1.077)
-----------------------------------------------------
Observations 220
R2 0.387
Adjusted R2 0.177
=====================================================