Network Analysis

library(tidyverse)
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library(igraph)                    # This is the package to analyze the network

Attaching package: 'igraph'

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library(visNetwork)                # Creates visualizations of the network
library(DT)
library(plotly)

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library(broom)                     # includes some of our regression functions
friendships <- read_csv("friendships.csv")
Rows: 6972 Columns: 4
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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dbl (4): nominator, nominated, score, expected_score

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friendship_nodes <- read_csv("friendship_nodes.csv")
Rows: 84 Columns: 2
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Below you will find the data tables with scores for nominator and nominated. The first is labeled “Nominator Group Mean Scores”

friendships |> 
  group_by(nominator) |> 
  summarize(Mean = round(mean(score), 1)) |> 
  arrange(-Mean) |> 
  datatable(rownames = F,
            caption = 'Friendships Analysis: Nominator Group Mean Scores')

This is the second table titled: Nominated Group Mean Score

friendships |> 
  group_by(nominated) |> 
  summarize(Mean = round(mean(score), 1)) |> 
  arrange(-Mean) |> 
  datatable(rownames = F,
            caption = 'Friendships Analysis: Nominated Group Mean Scores')

Below you can see the scores and the expected_scores with an added regression line.

friendship_model <- lm(expected_score ~ score, data = friendships)

tidy(friendship_model)
# A tibble: 2 × 5
  term        estimate std.error statistic  p.value
  <chr>          <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>    <dbl>
1 (Intercept)   0.0987   0.00739      13.4 3.22e-40
2 score         0.940    0.00352     267.  0       
glance(friendship_model)
# A tibble: 1 × 12
  r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value    df logLik   AIC   BIC
      <dbl>         <dbl> <dbl>     <dbl>   <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1     0.911         0.911 0.339    71178.       0     1 -2353. 4713. 4733.
# ℹ 3 more variables: deviance <dbl>, df.residual <int>, nobs <int>
friendships %>% 
plot_ly(x = ~ score, y = ~ expected_score) |> 
  add_markers() %>% 
  add_lines(y = fitted(friendship_model))

A network object was created with the degree function. Below is that data table in which individuals identified themselves as a friend, how many of their classmates identified them as a friend, and their relative popularity.

besties <- friendships |>
  filter(score > 2) |>
  select(nominator, nominated) |>
  rename(from = nominator) |>
  rename(to = nominated)
friend_network <- graph_from_data_frame(besties, friendship_nodes, directed = T)
friendship_nodes |>
  mutate(named_friends = degree((friend_network), mode = "out")) |>
  mutate(named_by_others = degree((friend_network), mode = "in")) |>
  mutate(popularity = named_by_others - named_friends) |>
  select(named_friends, named_by_others, popularity) |>
  datatable(rownames = F)

Below you will see a histogram indicating the number of friends that students named.

friendship_nodes |> 
    mutate(named_friends = degree(friend_network), mode = "out")|> 
  mutate(named_by_others= degree((friend_network), mode = "in")) |> 
  plot_ly(x = ~ named_friends) %>% 
  add_histogram() %>% 
  layout(title = "How Many Friends Students Named")

Below is the the reciprocity in the network. This indicates that 53% of friendships named for classmates were reciprocated.

reciprocity(friend_network, mode = "ratio")
[1] 0.527088

Below is a new network using only best friends. This is a network of best friendships for classmates. The size of the nodes are larger based on the label of best friend. Communities of best friends are indicated by color.

best_friends <- friendships |>
  filter(score > 4) |>
  select(nominator, nominated) |>
  rename(from = nominator) |>
  rename(to = nominated)
bestfriends_network <- graph_from_data_frame(best_friends, friendship_nodes, directed = T)
friendship_nodes |>
  mutate(group = membership(infomap.community(bestfriends_network))) |>
  mutate(value = degree(bestfriends_network)) |>
  visNetwork(best_friends, main = "Network of Best Friends") |>
  visIgraphLayout(layout = "layout_nicely") |>
  visEdges(arrows = "to") |>
  visOptions(highlightNearest = T, nodesIdSelection = T)