PICC PROLINE line QA/QI analysis

Author

MT

Published

March 10, 2024

Number of observations:
237

Number of variables:
38

I did not exclude patient that had lines still inserted at the follow up

Dataset divided by Infection VS no infection

Variable N Overall, N = 2371 NO LINE INFECTION, N = 1961 YES LINE INFECTION, N = 411 p-value2
gender 237


0.4
    Female
76 (32%) 65 (33%) 11 (27%)
    Male
161 (68%) 131 (67%) 30 (73%)
mr 237 2,000,119,114 (1,001,091,962, 2,002,149,521) 2,000,207,017 (1,000,989,704, 2,002,102,756) 2,000,074,301 (1,001,774,894, 2,002,249,414) 0.4
study_id_7 207 128 (67, 192) 138 (68, 195) 110 (61, 160) 0.13
    Unknown
30 30 0
sex 193


0.8
    F
59 (31%) 51 (31%) 8 (29%)
    M
134 (69%) 114 (69%) 20 (71%)
    Unknown
44 31 13
bmi_at_time_of_first_line 237 26 (23, 32) 26 (22, 32) 27 (24, 33) 0.4
hb_a1c_at_the_time_of_first_line 223 5.90 (5.05, 6.80) 5.85 (5.00, 6.80) 6.30 (5.40, 6.70) 0.4
    Unknown
14 12 2
on_chronic_anticoagulation_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 122 (51%) 101 (52%) 21 (51%) >0.9
if_yes_to_anticoagulation_which_type_choose_from_drop_down_list 122


0.6
    eliquis
66 (54%) 56 (55%) 10 (48%)
    heparin
2 (1.6%) 1 (1.0%) 1 (4.8%)
    other
1 (0.8%) 1 (1.0%) 0 (0%)
    warfarin
41 (34%) 33 (33%) 8 (38%)
    xarelto
12 (9.8%) 10 (9.9%) 2 (9.5%)
    Unknown
115 95 20
also_on_chronic_suppressive_antibiotics 237 3 (1.3%) 2 (1.0%) 1 (2.4%) 0.4
end_stage_renal_disease_on_dialysis_pd_or_hd 237 4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%) >0.9
active_cancer_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 9 (3.8%) 8 (4.1%) 1 (2.4%) >0.9
if_yes_to_active_cancer_what_type_pick_from_drop_down_list 55


>0.9
    0
43 (78%) 31 (74%) 12 (92%)
    Bladder cancer
2 (3.6%) 2 (4.8%) 0 (0%)
    Breast Ca
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    breast cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    CLL, RCC
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    CML
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of "skin cancer"
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of colon cancer s/p resection
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of rectal cancer in remission
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    lung
1 (1.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (7.7%)
    Lung Cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    prostate cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
182 154 28
ivdu_hx_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%) 0.5
hiv_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.8
    0
215 (91%) 176 (90%) 39 (95%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    n/a
13 (5.5%) 12 (6.1%) 1 (2.4%)
    N/A
5 (2.1%) 4 (2.0%) 1 (2.4%)
hepatitis_c_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.5
    0
218 (92%) 178 (91%) 40 (98%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    n/a
10 (4.2%) 10 (5.1%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%)
    Treated
1 (0.4%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%)
on_total_parenteral_nutrition_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
h_o_of_skin_diseases_if_no_list_as_0_if_yes_pick_from_drop_down_list 7


>0.9
    eczema
2 (29%) 1 (20%) 1 (50%)
    other
1 (14%) 1 (20%) 0 (0%)
    psoriasis
4 (57%) 3 (60%) 1 (50%)
    Unknown
230 191 39
hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_picc_proline_placement_yes_1_no_0 237 13 (5.5%) 10 (5.1%) 3 (7.3%) 0.5
if_yes_to_hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_line_path 91


0.4
    0
41 (45%) 29 (41%) 12 (60%)
    Citrobacter roseri
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Coag negative staph bacteremia
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    E. coli
2 (2.2%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (5.0%)
    E. Coli
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Group A strep
2 (2.2%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%)
    Klebsiella
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.0%)
    MSSA
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
36 (40%) 31 (44%) 5 (25%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.0%)
    Staph aureus
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Staphylococcus aureus
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Staphylococcus caprae
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    unknown
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
146 125 21
on_immunuosuppressant_therapy 237


0.3
    0
229 (97%) 190 (97%) 39 (95%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%)
    1- Evrolimus
1 (0.4%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%)
    1 (pred)
2 (0.8%) 2 (1.0%) 0 (0%)
    Plaquenil
1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
picc_1_or_proline_2 237


0.7
    picc_line
81 (34%) 66 (34%) 15 (37%)
    proline
156 (66%) 130 (66%) 26 (63%)
if_proline_site_placed_pick_from_drop_down_list 113


>0.9
    IJ
112 (99%) 92 (99%) 20 (100%)
    subclavian
1 (0.9%) 1 (1.1%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
124 103 21
which_antiseptic_was_used_to_clean_site 224



    alcohol+chlorohexidine
224 (100%) 187 (100%) 37 (100%)
    Unknown
13 9 4
line_dressing_covering_choose_from_drop_down 3



    Tegaderm
3 (100%) 1 (100%) 2 (100%)
    Unknown
234 195 39
reason_line_was_removed 237


<0.001
    death
28 (12%) 28 (14%) 0 (0%)
    discontinue home inotrope
40 (17%) 40 (20%) 0 (0%)
    heart transplant
11 (4.6%) 11 (5.6%) 0 (0%)
    Line infection
41 (17%) 0 (0%) 41 (100%)
    line not removed
30 (13%) 30 (15%) 0 (0%)
    LVAD
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    other
43 (18%) 43 (22%) 0 (0%)
    routine exchange
40 (17%) 40 (20%) 0 (0%)
chronic_wounds_no_0_yes_choose_from_drop_down_list 16


>0.9
    diabetic foot ulcers
5 (31%) 4 (36%) 1 (20%)
    other
2 (13%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (20%)
    pressure ulcers
7 (44%) 5 (45%) 2 (40%)
    venous ulcers
2 (13%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (20%)
    Unknown
221 185 36
repeat_iv_insertions_at_time_of_first_line 233 54 (23%) 48 (25%) 6 (15%) 0.2
    Unknown
4 2 2
other 15


>0.9
    *chronic appearing foot ulcer but not diabetic or osteo
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%)
    chronic ostomy
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    fever
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    fungemia
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line displaced
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line exchanged, concern for "symptomatic blood return"
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Line non-functioning
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line was displaced
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    original right picc dislodged
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    pain at original line
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    patient is on Vemlidy for chronic hep b
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%)
    pro-line accidentally cut
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    suspected infection, but only swelling
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    SVC stenosis
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Thrombophlebitis
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
222 183 39
days_of_line_in_patient 206 122 (58, 256) 117 (54, 244) 174 (68, 302) 0.2
    Unknown
31 31 0
1 n (%); Median (IQR)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test

Dataset divided by PICC vs PROLINE

Variable N Overall, N = 2371 picc_line, N = 811 proline, N = 1561 p-value2
gender 237


0.6
    Female
76 (32%) 28 (35%) 48 (31%)
    Male
161 (68%) 53 (65%) 108 (69%)
mr 237 2,000,119,114 (1,001,091,962, 2,002,149,521) 2,000,100,610 (1,001,336,982, 2,002,190,948) 2,000,189,728 (1,001,030,921, 2,002,110,589) 0.7
study_id_7 207 128 (67, 192) 124 (68, 190) 129 (66, 193) >0.9
    Unknown
30 12 18
sex 193


0.2
    F
59 (31%) 23 (37%) 36 (28%)
    M
134 (69%) 40 (63%) 94 (72%)
    Unknown
44 18 26
bmi_at_time_of_first_line 237 26 (23, 32) 27 (24, 35) 25 (22, 31) 0.002
hb_a1c_at_the_time_of_first_line 223 5.90 (5.05, 6.80) 5.90 (5.20, 6.70) 5.90 (4.85, 6.88) 0.8
    Unknown
14 4 10
on_chronic_anticoagulation_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 122 (51%) 41 (51%) 81 (52%) 0.8
if_yes_to_anticoagulation_which_type_choose_from_drop_down_list 122


>0.9
    eliquis
66 (54%) 22 (54%) 44 (54%)
    heparin
2 (1.6%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.5%)
    other
1 (0.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.2%)
    warfarin
41 (34%) 14 (34%) 27 (33%)
    xarelto
12 (9.8%) 5 (12%) 7 (8.6%)
    Unknown
115 40 75
also_on_chronic_suppressive_antibiotics 237 3 (1.3%) 1 (1.2%) 2 (1.3%) >0.9
end_stage_renal_disease_on_dialysis_pd_or_hd 237 4 (1.7%) 2 (2.5%) 2 (1.3%) 0.6
active_cancer_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 9 (3.8%) 7 (8.6%) 2 (1.3%) 0.008
if_yes_to_active_cancer_what_type_pick_from_drop_down_list 55


0.014
    0
43 (78%) 16 (64%) 27 (90%)
    Bladder cancer
2 (3.6%) 2 (8.0%) 0 (0%)
    Breast Ca
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    breast cancer
1 (1.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.3%)
    CLL, RCC
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    CML
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    hx of "skin cancer"
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    hx of colon cancer s/p resection
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    hx of rectal cancer in remission
1 (1.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.3%)
    lung
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    Lung Cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (4.0%) 0 (0%)
    prostate cancer
1 (1.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.3%)
    Unknown
182 56 126
ivdu_hx_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 4 (1.7%) 1 (1.2%) 3 (1.9%) >0.9
hiv_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.2
    0
215 (91%) 78 (96%) 137 (88%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 0 (0%) 4 (2.6%)
    n/a
13 (5.5%) 2 (2.5%) 11 (7.1%)
    N/A
5 (2.1%) 1 (1.2%) 4 (2.6%)
hepatitis_c_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.4
    0
218 (92%) 77 (95%) 141 (90%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 2 (2.5%) 2 (1.3%)
    n/a
10 (4.2%) 1 (1.2%) 9 (5.8%)
    N/A
4 (1.7%) 1 (1.2%) 3 (1.9%)
    Treated
1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
on_total_parenteral_nutrition_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
h_o_of_skin_diseases_if_no_list_as_0_if_yes_pick_from_drop_down_list 7


>0.9
    eczema
2 (29%) 1 (25%) 1 (33%)
    other
1 (14%) 1 (25%) 0 (0%)
    psoriasis
4 (57%) 2 (50%) 2 (67%)
    Unknown
230 77 153
hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_picc_proline_placement_yes_1_no_0 237 13 (5.5%) 5 (6.2%) 8 (5.1%) 0.8
if_yes_to_hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_line_path 91


0.7
    0
41 (45%) 16 (52%) 25 (42%)
    Citrobacter roseri
1 (1.1%) 1 (3.2%) 0 (0%)
    Coag negative staph bacteremia
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    E. coli
2 (2.2%) 1 (3.2%) 1 (1.7%)
    E. Coli
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    Group A strep
2 (2.2%) 1 (3.2%) 1 (1.7%)
    Klebsiella
1 (1.1%) 1 (3.2%) 0 (0%)
    MSSA
1 (1.1%) 1 (3.2%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
36 (40%) 10 (32%) 26 (43%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    Staph aureus
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    Staphylococcus aureus
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    Staphylococcus caprae
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    unknown
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.7%)
    Unknown
146 50 96
on_immunuosuppressant_therapy 237


0.5
    0
229 (97%) 77 (95%) 152 (97%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 2 (2.5%) 2 (1.3%)
    1- Evrolimus
1 (0.4%) 1 (1.2%) 0 (0%)
    1 (pred)
2 (0.8%) 1 (1.2%) 1 (0.6%)
    Plaquenil
1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.6%)
if_proline_site_placed_pick_from_drop_down_list 113


>0.9
    IJ
112 (99%) 80 (99%) 32 (100%)
    subclavian
1 (0.9%) 1 (1.2%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
124 0 124
which_antiseptic_was_used_to_clean_site 224



    alcohol+chlorohexidine
224 (100%) 80 (100%) 144 (100%)
    Unknown
13 1 12
line_dressing_covering_choose_from_drop_down 3



    Tegaderm
3 (100%) 2 (100%) 1 (100%)
    Unknown
234 79 155
line_infection_yes_1_no_0 237 41 (17%) 15 (19%) 26 (17%) 0.7
reason_line_was_removed 237



    death
28 (12%) 15 (19%) 13 (8.3%)
    discontinue home inotrope
40 (17%) 11 (14%) 29 (19%)
    heart transplant
11 (4.6%) 8 (9.9%) 3 (1.9%)
    Line infection
41 (17%) 15 (19%) 26 (17%)
    line not removed
30 (13%) 12 (15%) 18 (12%)
    LVAD
4 (1.7%) 1 (1.2%) 3 (1.9%)
    other
43 (18%) 11 (14%) 32 (21%)
    routine exchange
40 (17%) 8 (9.9%) 32 (21%)
chronic_wounds_no_0_yes_choose_from_drop_down_list 16


0.3
    diabetic foot ulcers
5 (31%) 0 (0%) 5 (45%)
    other
2 (13%) 1 (20%) 1 (9.1%)
    pressure ulcers
7 (44%) 3 (60%) 4 (36%)
    venous ulcers
2 (13%) 1 (20%) 1 (9.1%)
    Unknown
221 76 145
repeat_iv_insertions_at_time_of_first_line 233 54 (23%) 19 (23%) 35 (23%) >0.9
    Unknown
4 0 4
other 15


>0.9
    *chronic appearing foot ulcer but not diabetic or osteo
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    chronic ostomy
1 (6.7%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%)
    fever
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    fungemia
1 (6.7%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%)
    line displaced
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    line exchanged, concern for "symptomatic blood return"
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    Line non-functioning
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    line was displaced
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    original right picc dislodged
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    pain at original line
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    patient is on Vemlidy for chronic hep b
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    pro-line accidentally cut
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    suspected infection, but only swelling
1 (6.7%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%)
    SVC stenosis
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    Thrombophlebitis
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    Unknown
222 78 144
days_of_line_in_patient 206 122 (58, 256) 157 (64, 316) 113 (56, 244) 0.11
    Unknown
31 12 19
1 n (%); Median (IQR)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test

Example of multivariate analysis with outcome: line infection

Characteristic OR1 95% CI1 p-value
gender


    Female — —
    Male 1.23 0.56, 2.82 0.6
hb_a1c_at_the_time_of_first_line 1.04 0.93, 1.17 0.5
hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_picc_proline_placement_yes_1_no_0 1.37 0.29, 5.03 0.7
picc_1_or_proline_2


    picc_line — —
    proline 0.79 0.38, 1.66 0.5
days_of_line_in_patient 1.00 1.00, 1.00 0.2
1 OR = Odds Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval

Time of line in patient picc VS proline

Ranges line is in

Range of PICC
2, 958

Range of PROLINE
3, 2997

Only infected lines (this includes time to infection)

Variable N Overall, N = 411 picc_line, N = 151 proline, N = 261 p-value2
gender 41


>0.9
    Female
11 (27%) 4 (27%) 7 (27%)
    Male
30 (73%) 11 (73%) 19 (73%)
mr 41 2,000,074,301 (1,001,774,894, 2,002,249,414) 2,001,583,164 (1,003,727,939, 2,002,199,468) 1,003,935,945 (1,001,316,848, 2,002,317,603) 0.4
study_id_7 41 110 (61, 160) 114 (86, 186) 105 (51, 148) 0.3
sex 28


>0.9
    F
8 (29%) 3 (33%) 5 (26%)
    M
20 (71%) 6 (67%) 14 (74%)
    Unknown
13 6 7
bmi_at_time_of_first_line 41 27 (24, 33) 27 (25, 39) 27 (23, 31) 0.14
hb_a1c_at_the_time_of_first_line 39 6.30 (5.40, 6.70) 6.40 (5.85, 6.85) 6.05 (3.26, 6.63) 0.2
    Unknown
2 0 2
on_chronic_anticoagulation_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41 21 (51%) 7 (47%) 14 (54%) 0.7
if_yes_to_anticoagulation_which_type_choose_from_drop_down_list 21


0.9
    eliquis
10 (48%) 4 (57%) 6 (43%)
    heparin
1 (4.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (7.1%)
    warfarin
8 (38%) 2 (29%) 6 (43%)
    xarelto
2 (9.5%) 1 (14%) 1 (7.1%)
    Unknown
20 8 12
also_on_chronic_suppressive_antibiotics 41 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%) >0.9
end_stage_renal_disease_on_dialysis_pd_or_hd 41 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
active_cancer_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41 1 (2.4%) 1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 0.4
if_yes_to_active_cancer_what_type_pick_from_drop_down_list 13


0.5
    0
12 (92%) 5 (83%) 7 (100%)
    lung
1 (7.7%) 1 (17%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
28 9 19
ivdu_hx_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%) >0.9
hiv_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41


0.6
    0
39 (95%) 14 (93%) 25 (96%)
    n/a
1 (2.4%) 1 (6.7%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%)
hepatitis_c_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41


>0.9
    0
40 (98%) 15 (100%) 25 (96%)
    N/A
1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%)
on_total_parenteral_nutrition_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 41 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
h_o_of_skin_diseases_if_no_list_as_0_if_yes_pick_from_drop_down_list 2


>0.9
    eczema
1 (50%) 1 (50%) 0 (NA%)
    psoriasis
1 (50%) 1 (50%) 0 (NA%)
    Unknown
39 13 26
hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_picc_proline_placement_yes_1_no_0 41 3 (7.3%) 2 (13%) 1 (3.8%) 0.5
if_yes_to_hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_line_path 20


0.3
    0
12 (60%) 5 (63%) 7 (58%)
    E. coli
1 (5.0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
    Klebsiella
1 (5.0%) 1 (13%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
5 (25%) 1 (13%) 4 (33%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA
1 (5.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (8.3%)
    Unknown
21 7 14
on_immunuosuppressant_therapy 41


>0.9
    0
39 (95%) 15 (100%) 24 (92%)
    1
1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%)
    Plaquenil
1 (2.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (3.8%)
if_proline_site_placed_pick_from_drop_down_list 20



    IJ
20 (100%) 15 (100%) 5 (100%)
    Unknown
21 0 21
which_antiseptic_was_used_to_clean_site 37



    alcohol+chlorohexidine
37 (100%) 15 (100%) 22 (100%)
    Unknown
4 0 4
line_dressing_covering_choose_from_drop_down 2



    Tegaderm
2 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%)
    Unknown
39 14 25
line_infection_yes_1_no_0 41



    YES LINE INFECTION
41 (100%) 15 (100%) 26 (100%)
reason_line_was_removed 41



    Line infection
41 (100%) 15 (100%) 26 (100%)
chronic_wounds_no_0_yes_choose_from_drop_down_list 5


0.6
    diabetic foot ulcers
1 (20%) 0 (0%) 1 (25%)
    other
1 (20%) 0 (0%) 1 (25%)
    pressure ulcers
2 (40%) 0 (0%) 2 (50%)
    venous ulcers
1 (20%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
36 14 22
repeat_iv_insertions_at_time_of_first_line 39 6 (15%) 3 (20%) 3 (13%) 0.7
    Unknown
2 0 2
other 2


>0.9
    *chronic appearing foot ulcer but not diabetic or osteo
1 (50%) 0 (NA%) 1 (50%)
    patient is on Vemlidy for chronic hep b
1 (50%) 0 (NA%) 1 (50%)
    Unknown
39 15 24
days_of_line_in_patient 41 174 (68, 302) 199 (114, 299) 140 (58, 311) 0.6
1 n (%); Median (IQR)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test 
[1] 0.818616
[1] 0.8666059

Incidence of PICC
0.818616

Incidence of PROLINE
0.8666059

Incidence RATIO (picc to proline)
0.9446232