In this lab, we will retrieve information about 3 books. A requirement for these books is that at least one of the books must have 2 or more authors and we must retrieve at least 2 attributes about each book. Additionally, we will repeat this process using HTML, XML, and JSON.
For added benefit, I will use an API to retrieve what is possible and also demonstrate doing the same with YAML.
For this exercise, we were asked to create these files “by hand” (manually), which I will do for HTML, XML, and YAML.
For this, we will use the books below:
From these books, we will retrieve and store these attributes:
We will import all packages necessary for this here.
library(rvest)
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.4 ✔ readr 2.1.4
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2 3.4.4 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
## ✔ purrr 1.0.2
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ readr::guess_encoding() masks rvest::guess_encoding()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorslibrary(xml2)
library(jsonlite)##
## Attaching package: 'jsonlite'
##
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## flattenTo set up the data, we have this html block below:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>
Working with XML and JSON in R
</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th>
Title
</th>
<th>
Author
</th>
<th>
First Publish Date
</th>
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
<th>
Revision Number
</th>
<th>
Latest Revision Number
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Cyrano de Bergerac
</td>
<td>
Edmond Rostand
</td>
<td>
1920
</td>
<td>
Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following year. It was based only nominally on the 17th-century nobleman of the same name, known for his bold adventures and large nose. Set in 17th-century Paris, the action revolves around the emotional problems of the noble, swashbuckling Cyrano, who, despite his many gifts, feels that no woman can ever love him because he has an enormous nose. Secretly in love with the lovely Roxane, Cyrano agrees to help his inarticulate rival, Christian, win her heart by allowing him to present Cyrano’s love poems, speeches, and letters as his own work. Eventually Christian recognizes that Roxane loves him for Cyrano’s qualities, not his own, and he asks Cyrano to confess his identity to Roxane; Christian then goes off to a battle that proves fatal. Cyrano remains silent about his own part in Roxane’s courtship. As he is dying years later, he visits Roxane and recites one of the love letters. Roxane realizes that it is Cyrano she loves, and he dies content. (Britannica)
</td>
<td>
26
</td>
<td>
26
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
The Good Earth
</td>
<td>
Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn
</td>
<td>
1960
</td>
<td>
This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glories in the soil he works, nurturing the land as it nurtures him and his family. Nearby, the nobles of the House of Hwang consider themselves above the land and its workers; but they will soon meet their own downfall. Hard times come upon Wang Lung and his family when flood and drought force them to seek work in the city. The working people riot, breaking into the homes of the rich and forcing them to flee. When Wang Lung shows mercy to one noble and is rewarded, he begins to rise in the world, even as the House of Hwang falls.
</td>
<td>
14
</td>
<td>
14
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
</td>
<td>
Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher
</td>
<td>
1998
</td>
<td>
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery, his time spent serving on galleys, the eventual attainment of his own freedom and later success in business. Including a look at how slavery stood in West Africa, the book received favorable reviews and was one of the first slave narratives to be read widely.
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>With our HTML code specified, we can access its url and use rvest in order to read the table in the html file:
html_url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riverar9/cuny-msds/main/data607/assignments/week-7/book_html_data.html" # nolint: line_length_linter.
raw_html <- read_html(html_url)
html_df <- html_table(
raw_html
)
head(html_df)## [[1]]
## # A tibble: 3 × 6
## Title Author `First Publish Date` Description `Revision Number`
## <chr> <chr> <int> <chr> <int>
## 1 Cyrano de Bergerac Edmon… 1920 Cyrano de … 26
## 2 The Good Earth Pearl… 1960 This tells… 14
## 3 The life of Olaudah… Olaud… 1998 The Intere… 20
## # ℹ 1 more variable: `Latest Revision Number` <int>str(html_df)## List of 1
## $ : tibble [3 × 6] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## ..$ Title : chr [1:3] "Cyrano de Bergerac" "The Good Earth" "The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African"
## ..$ Author : chr [1:3] "Edmond Rostand" "Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn" "Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher"
## ..$ First Publish Date : int [1:3] 1920 1960 1998
## ..$ Description : chr [1:3] "Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following y"| __truncated__ "This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glo"| __truncated__ "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery"| __truncated__
## ..$ Revision Number : int [1:3] 26 14 20
## ..$ Latest Revision Number: int [1:3] 26 14 20I was surprised by how quickly parsing an HTML table came together. I was anticipating needing to do more than simply using 2 predefined functions in the rvest package.
But as we can see, HTML tags make data collection via HTML tables pretty straightforward.
First we will need to specify the XML code. This code block has been saved as an XML file online.
<root>
<book id = "Cyrano de Bergerac">
<Title>
Cyrano de Bergerac
</Title>
<Author>
Edmond Rostand
</Author>
<First_Publish_Date>
1920
</First_Publish_Date>
<Description>
Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following year. It was based only nominally on the 17th-century nobleman of the same name, known for his bold adventures and large nose. Set in 17th-century Paris, the action revolves around the emotional problems of the noble, swashbuckling Cyrano, who, despite his many gifts, feels that no woman can ever love him because he has an enormous nose. Secretly in love with the lovely Roxane, Cyrano agrees to help his inarticulate rival, Christian, win her heart by allowing him to present Cyrano’s love poems, speeches, and letters as his own work. Eventually Christian recognizes that Roxane loves him for Cyrano’s qualities, not his own, and he asks Cyrano to confess his identity to Roxane; Christian then goes off to a battle that proves fatal. Cyrano remains silent about his own part in Roxane’s courtship. As he is dying years later, he visits Roxane and recites one of the love letters. Roxane realizes that it is Cyrano she loves, and he dies content. (Britannica)
</Description>
<Revision_Number>
26
</Revision_Number>
<Latest_Revision_Number>
26
</Latest_Revision_Number>
</book>
<book id = "The Good Earth">
<Title>
The Good Earth
</Title>
<Author>
Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn
</Author>
<First_Publish_Date>
1960
</First_Publish_Date>
<Description>
This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glories in the soil he works, nurturing the land as it nurtures him and his family. Nearby, the nobles of the House of Hwang consider themselves above the land and its workers; but they will soon meet their own downfall. Hard times come upon Wang Lung and his family when flood and drought force them to seek work in the city. The working people riot, breaking into the homes of the rich and forcing them to flee. When Wang Lung shows mercy to one noble and is rewarded, he begins to rise in the world, even as the House of Hwang falls.
</Description>
<Revision_Number>
14
</Revision_Number>
<Latest_Revision_Number>
14
</Latest_Revision_Number>
</book>
<book id ="The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African">
<Title>
The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
</Title>
<Author>
Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher
</Author>
<First_Publish_Date>
1998
</First_Publish_Date>
<Description>
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writers life in slavery, his time spent serving on galleys, the eventual attainment of his own freedom and later success in business. Including a look at how slavery stood in West Africa, the book received favorable reviews and was one of the first slave narratives to be read widely.
</Description>
<Revision_Number>
20
</Revision_Number>
<Latest_Revision_Number>
20
</Latest_Revision_Number>
</book>
</root>
With our XML code specified, we can access its url and use rvest in order to read the table in the html file:
xml_url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riverar9/cuny-msds/main/data607/assignments/week-7/book_data.xml" # nolint: line_length_linter.
xml_table <- xml_find_all(
read_xml(xml_url),
xpath = "//book"
)
xml_df <- xml_table |>
map_df(~
# .x represents the current element (XML node) being processed
tibble(
Title = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//Title"), trim = TRUE),
Author = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//Author"), trim = TRUE),
First_Publish_Date = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//First_Publish_Date"), trim = TRUE), # nolint: line_length_linter.
Description = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//Description"), trim = TRUE),
Revision_Number = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//Revision_Number"), trim = TRUE), # nolint: line_length_linter.
Latest_Revision_Number = xml_text(xml_find_all(.x, ".//Latest_Revision_Number"), trim = TRUE) # nolint: line_length_linter.
)
)
xml_df## # A tibble: 3 × 6
## Title Author First_Publish_Date Description Revision_Number
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Cyrano de Bergerac Edmon… 1920 Cyrano de … 26
## 2 The Good Earth Pearl… 1960 This tells… 14
## 3 The life of Olaudah Equ… Olaud… 1998 The Intere… 20
## # ℹ 1 more variable: Latest_Revision_Number <chr>str(xml_df)## tibble [3 × 6] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ Title : chr [1:3] "Cyrano de Bergerac" "The Good Earth" "The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African"
## $ Author : chr [1:3] "Edmond Rostand" "Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn" "Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher"
## $ First_Publish_Date : chr [1:3] "1920" "1960" "1998"
## $ Description : chr [1:3] "Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following y"| __truncated__ "This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glo"| __truncated__ "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writers life in slavery,"| __truncated__
## $ Revision_Number : chr [1:3] "26" "14" "20"
## $ Latest_Revision_Number: chr [1:3] "26" "14" "20"I expected doing a bit more of this specifying in the HTML portion. Here we can see that we have to specify which correspond to which fields and also the XPath (XPath is a query language for selecting nodes in XML documents) that correspond with each of the attributes we wanted.
For this, we can leverage the openlibrary.org’s Book API.
In my experience, JSON has been the most common form for data to be delivered via APIs and openlibrary.org has an option to retrieve data in JSON format using their api:
urls <- c(
"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL743333W.json",
"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1140109W.json",
"https://openlibrary.org/works/OL551668W.json"
)
# Initialize an empty dataframe with our fields
json_df <- data.frame(
Title = character(),
Author = character(),
First_Publish_Date = character(),
Description = character(),
Revision_Number = numeric(),
Latest_Revision_Number = numeric(),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Iterate throgh each url and extract the information
for (url in urls) {
# Grab the json data and keep it with a key value pair.
temp_data <- fromJSON(url, flatten = TRUE)
authors_df <- temp_data["authors"][[1]] |>
mutate(
"api_url" = paste(
"http://openlibrary.org",
author.key,
".json",
sep = ""
)
)
authors <- list()
for (row_number in seq_len(nrow(authors_df))) {
temp_author_data <- fromJSON(
authors_df[row_number, "api_url"],
flatten = TRUE
)["name"]
authors <- c(authors, temp_author_data["name"])
}
# Create an author string with every authors' name.
authors_info <- paste(authors, collapse = ", ")
# Extract the values from the JSON and append them to the dataframe
row_values <- list(
Title = temp_data["title"],
Author = authors_info,
First_Publish_Date = temp_data["first_publish_date"],
Description = temp_data["description"],
Revision_Number = temp_data["revision"],
Latest_Revision_Number = temp_data["latest_revision"]
)
# set the names of row_values the same as json_df
names(row_values) <- names(json_df)
# Convert our list into a dataframe
temp_df <- data.frame(
row_values,
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
json_df <- rbind(
json_df,
temp_df
)
}
json_df## title
## 1 The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
## 2 The Good Earth
## 3 Cyrano de Bergerac
## Author
## 1 Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, Rebecka Rutledge Fisher
## 2 Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, Stephen Colbourn
## 3 Edmond Rostand
## first_publish_date
## 1 1998
## 2 1960
## 3 1920
## description
## 1 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery, his time spent serving on galleys, the eventual attainment of his own freedom and later success in business. Including a look at how slavery stood in West Africa, the book received favorable reviews and was one of the first slave narratives to be read widely.
## 2 This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glories in the soil he works, nurturing the land as it nurtures him and his family. Nearby, the nobles of the House of Hwang consider themselves above the land and its workers; but they will soon meet their own downfall.\r\n\r\nHard times come upon Wang Lung and his family when flood and drought force them to seek work in the city. The working people riot, breaking into the homes of the rich and forcing them to flee. When Wang Lung shows mercy to one noble and is rewarded, he begins to rise in the world, even as the House of Hwang falls.
## 3 Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following year. It was based only nominally on the 17th-century nobleman of the same name, known for his bold adventures and large nose.\r\n\r\nSet in 17th-century Paris, the action revolves around the emotional problems of the noble, swashbuckling Cyrano, who, despite his many gifts, feels that no woman can ever love him because he has an enormous nose. Secretly in love with the lovely Roxane, Cyrano agrees to help his inarticulate rival, Christian, win her heart by allowing him to present Cyrano’s love poems, speeches, and letters as his own work. Eventually Christian recognizes that Roxane loves him for Cyrano’s qualities, not his own, and he asks Cyrano to confess his identity to Roxane; Christian then goes off to a battle that proves fatal. Cyrano remains silent about his own part in Roxane’s courtship. As he is dying years later, he visits Roxane and recites one of the love letters. Roxane realizes that it is Cyrano she loves, and he dies content. (Britannica)
## revision latest_revision
## 1 20 20
## 2 14 14
## 3 26 26str(json_df)## 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 6 variables:
## $ title : chr "The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African" "The Good Earth" "Cyrano de Bergerac"
## $ Author : chr "Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, Rebecka Rutledge Fisher" "Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, Stephen Colbourn" "Edmond Rostand"
## $ first_publish_date: chr "1998" "1960" "1920"
## $ description : chr "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery"| __truncated__ "This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glo"| __truncated__ "Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following y"| __truncated__
## $ revision : int 20 14 26
## $ latest_revision : int 20 14 26This was a bit more involved than I initially thought it would be. But by using the openlibrary API, we were able to grab the book information. What made this more involved was the author information as it required iterating through the authors api in order to retrieve their names.
This example using JSON is a good example of how many websites use JSON to share information online.
To ensure this will run, I’ve included an install line here.
#install.packages("yaml")
library("yaml")- Title: Cyrano de Bergerac
Author: Edmond Rostand
First_Publish_Date: 1920
Description: >-
Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in
1897 and published the following year. It was based only nominally on the
17th-century nobleman of the same name, known for his bold adventures and
large nose. Set in 17th-century Paris, the action revolves around the
emotional problems of the noble, swashbuckling Cyrano, who, despite his many
gifts, feels that no woman can ever love him because he has an enormous
nose. Secretly in love with the lovely Roxane, Cyrano agrees to help his
inarticulate rival, Christian, win her heart by allowing him to present
Cyrano’s love poems, speeches, and letters as his own work. Eventually
Christian recognizes that Roxane loves him for Cyrano’s qualities, not his
own, and he asks Cyrano to confess his identity to Roxane; Christian then
goes off to a battle that proves fatal. Cyrano remains silent about his own
part in Roxane’s courtship. As he is dying years later, he visits Roxane and
recites one of the love letters. Roxane realizes that it is Cyrano she loves,
and he dies content. (Britannica)
Revision_Number: 26
Latest_Revision_Number: 26
- Title: The Good Earth
Author: >-
Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and
Stephen Colbourn
First_Publish_Date: 1960
Description: >-
This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old
agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glories in the soil he works, nurturing
the land as it nurtures him and his family. Nearby, the nobles of the House
of Hwang consider themselves above the land and its workers; but they will
soon meet their own downfall. Hard times come upon Wang Lung and his family
when flood and drought force them to seek work in the city. The working
people riot, breaking into the homes of the rich and forcing them to flee.
When Wang Lung shows mercy to one noble and is rewarded, he begins to rise in
the world, even as the House of Hwang falls.
Revision_Number: 14
Latest_Revision_Number: 14
- Title: The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
Author: Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher
First_Publish_Date: 1998
Description: >-
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789,
details its writer's life in slavery, his time spent serving on galleys, the
eventual attainment of his own freedom and later success in business.
Including a look at how slavery stood in West Africa, the book received
favorable reviews and was one of the first slave narratives to be read widely.
Revision_Number: 20
Latest_Revision_Number: 20Let’s begin:
yaml_url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riverar9/cuny-msds/main/data607/assignments/week-7/book_yaml_data.yaml" # nolint: line_length_linter.
# Initialize an empty dataframe with our YAML fields
yaml_df <- data.frame(
Title = character(),
Author = character(),
First_Publish_Date = character(),
Description = character(),
Revision_Number = numeric(),
Latest_Revision_Number = numeric(),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
# Retrieve the data from github
yaml_data <- yaml.load_file(yaml_url)
# Iterate through each book and extract our information
for (book_number in seq_along(yaml_data)) {
print(book_number)
row_values <- list(
Title = yaml_data[[book_number]]["Title"][[1]],
Author = yaml_data[[book_number]]["Author"][[1]],
First_Publish_Date = yaml_data[[book_number]]["First_Publish_Date"][[1]],
Description = yaml_data[[book_number]]["Description"][[1]],
Revision_Number = yaml_data[[book_number]]["Revision_Number"][[1]],
Latest_Revision_Number = yaml_data[[book_number]]["Latest_Revision_Number"][[1]] # nolint: line_length_linter.
)
names(row_values) <- names(yaml_df)
yaml_df <- rbind(
yaml_df,
data.frame(
row_values,
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
)
)
}## [1] 1
## [1] 2
## [1] 3yaml_df## Title
## 1 Cyrano de Bergerac
## 2 The Good Earth
## 3 The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African
## Author
## 1 Edmond Rostand
## 2 Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn
## 3 Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher
## First_Publish_Date
## 1 1920
## 2 1960
## 3 1998
## Description
## 1 Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following year. It was based only nominally on the 17th-century nobleman of the same name, known for his bold adventures and large nose. Set in 17th-century Paris, the action revolves around the emotional problems of the noble, swashbuckling Cyrano, who, despite his many gifts, feels that no woman can ever love him because he has an enormous nose. Secretly in love with the lovely Roxane, Cyrano agrees to help his inarticulate rival, Christian, win her heart by allowing him to present Cyrano’s love poems, speeches, and letters as his own work. Eventually Christian recognizes that Roxane loves him for Cyrano’s qualities, not his own, and he asks Cyrano to confess his identity to Roxane; Christian then goes off to a battle that proves fatal. Cyrano remains silent about his own part in Roxane’s courtship. As he is dying years later, he visits Roxane and recites one of the love letters. Roxane realizes that it is Cyrano she loves, and he dies content. (Britannica)
## 2 This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glories in the soil he works, nurturing the land as it nurtures him and his family. Nearby, the nobles of the House of Hwang consider themselves above the land and its workers; but they will soon meet their own downfall. Hard times come upon Wang Lung and his family when flood and drought force them to seek work in the city. The working people riot, breaking into the homes of the rich and forcing them to flee. When Wang Lung shows mercy to one noble and is rewarded, he begins to rise in the world, even as the House of Hwang falls.
## 3 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery, his time spent serving on galleys, the eventual attainment of his own freedom and later success in business. Including a look at how slavery stood in West Africa, the book received favorable reviews and was one of the first slave narratives to be read widely.
## Revision_Number Latest_Revision_Number
## 1 26 26
## 2 14 14
## 3 20 20str(yaml_df)## 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 6 variables:
## $ Title : chr "Cyrano de Bergerac" "The Good Earth" "The life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African"
## $ Author : chr "Edmond Rostand" "Pearl S. Buck, Nick Bertozzi, Ruth Goode, Donald F. Roden, Ernst Simon, and Stephen Colbourn" "Olaudah Equiano, Robert J. Allison, and Rebecka Rutledge Fisher"
## $ First_Publish_Date : int 1920 1960 1998
## $ Description : chr "Cyrano de Bergerac, verse drama in five acts by Edmond Rostand, performed in 1897 and published the following y"| __truncated__ "This tells the poignant tale of a Chinese farmer and his family in old agrarian China. The humble Wang Lung glo"| __truncated__ "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, written in 1789, details its writer's life in slavery"| __truncated__
## $ Revision_Number : int 26 14 20
## $ Latest_Revision_Number: int 26 14 20And here we were able to do the same with a YAML file. This required
iterating through each element in the list (these are items that begin
with a - character).
Through this assignment, we were able to demonstrate the different source formats that data can come from. From here, one interesting observation was that the easiest to develop were the HTML and XML as the very specific structure allowed us to use some of the packages online.
The JSON and YAML data were a bit more involved as it involved
manually iterating through each element and extracting information for
each book. That being said, we were able to practice a bit of real-world
data collection by having to iterate through each author in addition to
each book and submit b * a requests where b = books and a =
authors.