Table 1. Patient Characteristics
Variable N Overall, N = 2371 NO LINE INFECTION, N = 1961 YES LINE INFECTION, N = 411 p-value2
gender 237


0.4
    Female
76 (32%) 65 (33%) 11 (27%)
    Male
161 (68%) 131 (67%) 30 (73%)
mr 237 2,000,119,114 (1,001,091,962, 2,002,149,521) 2,000,207,017 (1,000,989,704, 2,002,102,756) 2,000,074,301 (1,001,774,894, 2,002,249,414) 0.4
study_id_7 207 128 (67, 192) 138 (68, 195) 110 (61, 160) 0.13
    Unknown
30 30 0
sex 193


0.8
    F
59 (31%) 51 (31%) 8 (29%)
    M
134 (69%) 114 (69%) 20 (71%)
    Unknown
44 31 13
bmi_at_time_of_first_line 237 26 (23, 32) 26 (22, 32) 27 (24, 33) 0.4
hb_a1c_at_the_time_of_first_line 223 5.90 (5.05, 6.80) 5.85 (5.00, 6.80) 6.30 (5.40, 6.70) 0.4
    Unknown
14 12 2
on_chronic_anticoagulation_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 122 (51%) 101 (52%) 21 (51%) >0.9
if_yes_to_anticoagulation_which_type_choose_from_drop_down_list 122


0.6
    eliquis
66 (54%) 56 (55%) 10 (48%)
    heparin
2 (1.6%) 1 (1.0%) 1 (4.8%)
    other
1 (0.8%) 1 (1.0%) 0 (0%)
    warfarin
41 (34%) 33 (33%) 8 (38%)
    xarelto
12 (9.8%) 10 (9.9%) 2 (9.5%)
    Unknown
115 95 20
also_on_chronic_suppressive_antibiotics_at_time_of_first_line_on_abx_for_6_weeks_yes_1_no_0 237 3 (1.3%) 2 (1.0%) 1 (2.4%) 0.4
end_stage_renal_disease_on_dialysis_pd_or_hd_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%) >0.9
active_cancer_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 9 (3.8%) 8 (4.1%) 1 (2.4%) >0.9
if_yes_to_active_cancer_what_type_pick_from_drop_down_list 55


>0.9
    0
43 (78%) 31 (74%) 12 (92%)
    Bladder cancer
2 (3.6%) 2 (4.8%) 0 (0%)
    Breast Ca
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    breast cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    CLL, RCC
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    CML
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of "skin cancer"
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of colon cancer s/p resection
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    hx of rectal cancer in remission
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    lung
1 (1.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (7.7%)
    Lung Cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    prostate cancer
1 (1.8%) 1 (2.4%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
182 154 28
ivdu_hx_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%) 0.5
hiv_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.8
    0
215 (91%) 176 (90%) 39 (95%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    n/a
13 (5.5%) 12 (6.1%) 1 (2.4%)
    N/A
5 (2.1%) 4 (2.0%) 1 (2.4%)
hepatitis_c_status_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237


0.5
    0
218 (92%) 178 (91%) 40 (98%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    n/a
10 (4.2%) 10 (5.1%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%)
    Treated
1 (0.4%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%)
on_total_parenteral_nutrition_at_time_of_first_line_yes_1_no_0 237 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
h_o_of_skin_diseases_if_no_list_as_0_if_yes_pick_from_drop_down_list 7


>0.9
    eczema
2 (29%) 1 (20%) 1 (50%)
    other
1 (14%) 1 (20%) 0 (0%)
    psoriasis
4 (57%) 3 (60%) 1 (50%)
    Unknown
230 191 39
hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_picc_proline_placement_yes_1_no_0 237 13 (5.5%) 10 (5.1%) 3 (7.3%) 0.5
if_yes_to_hx_of_bacteremia_prior_to_first_line_what_was_the_pathogen 91


0.4
    0
41 (45%) 29 (41%) 12 (60%)
    Citrobacter roseri
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Coag negative staph bacteremia
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    E. coli
2 (2.2%) 1 (1.4%) 1 (5.0%)
    E. Coli
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Group A strep
2 (2.2%) 2 (2.8%) 0 (0%)
    Klebsiella
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.0%)
    MSSA
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
36 (40%) 31 (44%) 5 (25%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA
1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (5.0%)
    Staph aureus
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Staphylococcus aureus
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Staphylococcus caprae
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    unknown
1 (1.1%) 1 (1.4%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
146 125 21
on_immunuosuppressant_therapy_at_time_fo_first_line_yes_1_and_no_0 237


0.3
    0
229 (97%) 190 (97%) 39 (95%)
    1
4 (1.7%) 3 (1.5%) 1 (2.4%)
    1- Evrolimus
1 (0.4%) 1 (0.5%) 0 (0%)
    1 (pred)
2 (0.8%) 2 (1.0%) 0 (0%)
    Plaquenil
1 (0.4%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
if_yes_to_on_immunosuppresent_which_one_pick_from_drop_down_menu 2


>0.9
    mycophenolate mofetil
1 (50%) 1 (100%) 0 (0%)
    Prograf (tacrolimus)
1 (50%) 0 (0%) 1 (100%)
    Unknown
235 195 40
picc_1_or_proline_2 237


0.7
    1
156 (66%) 130 (66%) 26 (63%)
    2
81 (34%) 66 (34%) 15 (37%)
if_proline_site_placed_pick_from_drop_down_list 113


>0.9
    IJ
112 (99%) 92 (99%) 20 (100%)
    subclavian
1 (0.9%) 1 (1.1%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
124 103 21
which_antiseptic_was_used_to_clean_site_prior_to_place_first_line_choose_from_drop_down_list 224



    alcohol+chlorohexidine
224 (100%) 187 (100%) 37 (100%)
    Unknown
13 9 4
line_dressing_covering_choose_from_drop_down 3



    Tegaderm
3 (100%) 1 (100%) 2 (100%)
    Unknown
234 195 39
reason_line_was_removed 237


<0.001
    death
28 (12%) 28 (14%) 0 (0%)
    discontinue home inotrope
40 (17%) 40 (20%) 0 (0%)
    heart transplant
11 (4.6%) 11 (5.6%) 0 (0%)
    Line infection
41 (17%) 0 (0%) 41 (100%)
    line not removed
30 (13%) 30 (15%) 0 (0%)
    LVAD
4 (1.7%) 4 (2.0%) 0 (0%)
    other
43 (18%) 43 (22%) 0 (0%)
    routine exchange
40 (17%) 40 (20%) 0 (0%)
if_line_infection_then_pathogen_identity 98


<0.001
    Acetobacter, Streptococcus, MSSA
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    bacteremia but no tip culture done; Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia liquefaciens
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Blood culture neg, Arm culture around picc +MRSA
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    changed to proline
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    cmo
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    concern for line infection; bcx remained negative; line tip never cultured
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Cultures -ve
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    DVT
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    E. coli
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    E. Coli bacteremia likely GI source. Replace line for concern of seeding.
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Enterobacter cloacae (BC+, Tip negative)
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Enterobacter cloacea bacteremia no tip culture but + bcx
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    for repositioning, it was then removed
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    GNR (Kalamiella piersonii). 
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    GPC - tip not cultured; + blood cx.
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    gram negative bacteremia (bcx +, no line tip cx sent) - organism not specified
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    he wanted to stop it
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    improvement in symptoms
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    klebsiella - bcx no tip cx data
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Klebsiella aerogenes
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Klebsiella aerogenes biovar pneumoniae (BC+, no tip culture)
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Klebsiella bacteremia
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Klebsiella Oxycota, Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Klebsiella pneumoniae (BC+, Tip negative)
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Lelliottia (Enterobacter amnigenus) amnigena (BC+, Tip negative)
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Line malfunction
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Line dislodgement
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    line found to be positioned into IVC
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    line infiltration
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Line malfunction
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    line tip cultured postive for Klebsiella
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    malfunc picc
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    malfunctioning picc line
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Malpositioning of picc
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    mrsa bacteremia - no line tip cx available; + bcx
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    MSSA
3 (3.1%) 0 (0%) 3 (7.3%)
    MSSA bacteremia no tip culture available but + bcx
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    n/a
6 (6.1%) 6 (11%) 0 (0%)
    n/A
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    N/A
15 (15%) 15 (26%) 0 (0%)
    needs date for death
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    No pathogen identified (clinically appearing to be infected)
2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 2 (4.9%)
    not clear from documenation
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Patient left AMA and opted to not have pursue treatment
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    picc line changed unclear why - routine it seems
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Placement issues
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Polymicrobial GNR bacteremia
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Proteus mirabilis
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BC+, no tip culture)
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Negative tip. Thought to be from line.
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Pseudomonas bacteremia
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    pt discomfort, switched to proline
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    pt wanted to be off of milrinone
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    pt wants to change from arm to chest for convenience
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    pt went CMO
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    removed due to sluggish blood return
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    septic arthritis, so they took it out, line itself wasn’t infected, Achromobacter xylosidans
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Serratia marcens
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph aureus
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph Aureus (MRSA) - BC+, no tip culture
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph aureus MSSA - blood cultures positive; tip culture never done
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph Epi
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph epidermidis
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph epidermidis bacteremia bcx + but no tip cuture available
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Staph epidermidis bacteremia no tip culture available but + bcx
2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 2 (4.9%)
    Staphylococcus aureus
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Strep pneumoniae bacteremia no tip culture available but + bcx
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Streptococcus mitis
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    Streptophomonas maltophilia
1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%)
    suspected, no growth
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    switched to proline unclear why
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    switched tp proline as pt developed esrd during first line requiring HD
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    unclear why it was changed, not due to infection
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Went to hospice and stopped inotropes but NO documention of death
1 (1.0%) 1 (1.8%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
139 139 0
chronic_wounds_no_0_yes_choose_from_drop_down_list 16


>0.9
    diabetic foot ulcers
5 (31%) 4 (36%) 1 (20%)
    other
2 (13%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (20%)
    pressure ulcers
7 (44%) 5 (45%) 2 (40%)
    venous ulcers
2 (13%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (20%)
    Unknown
221 185 36
repeat_iv_insertions_at_time_of_first_line_eg_hf_patients_who_go_to_bridge_clinic_and_receive_lots_of_infusions_yes_1_no_0 233 54 (23%) 48 (25%) 6 (15%) 0.2
    Unknown
4 2 2
other 15


>0.9
    *chronic appearing foot ulcer but not diabetic or osteo
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%)
    chronic ostomy
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    fever
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    fungemia
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line displaced
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line exchanged, concern for "symptomatic blood return"
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Line non-functioning
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    line was displaced
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    original right picc dislodged
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    pain at original line
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    patient is on Vemlidy for chronic hep b
1 (6.7%) 0 (0%) 1 (50%)
    pro-line accidentally cut
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    suspected infection, but only swelling
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    SVC stenosis
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Thrombophlebitis
1 (6.7%) 1 (7.7%) 0 (0%)
    Unknown
222 183 39
1 n (%); Median (IQR)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test