Memuat Paket

Memuat paket-paket tambahan yang akan digunakan.

library(ggplot2)
library(RColorBrewer)

Memuat Data

File dalam format csv menjadi pilihan yang dapat dipertimbangkan ketika bekerja di RStudio. Karena tidak membutuhkan paket tambahan untuk memuatnya.

kelimpahan <- read.csv("kelimpahan.relatif.csv")
head(kelimpahan)
##   stasiun spesies kelimpahan
## 1    st.1    sp.1         86
## 2    st.1    sp.3         90
## 3    st.1    sp.4         80
## 4    st.1    sp.5         20
## 5    st.1    sp.6         90
## 6    st.2    sp.1         40

Visualisasi Data

Visualisasi grafik batang dengan ggplot2 dapat menggunakan fungsi geom_bar() dan geom_col().

Jika data sudah diringkas atau menyertakan nilai y (tinggi batang), gunakan geom_col(). Tetapi, Jika data belum diringkas maka gunakan geom_bar(), ggplot() akan menghitung nilai pada baris dalam data.

Singkatnya: geom_bar() akan membuat tinggi batang sebanding dengan penjumlahan nilai di setiap grup, sedangkan geom_col() membuat tinggi batang dengan nilai yang ada (membiarkan data apa adanya).

# Kelimpahan
ggplot(data=kelimpahan,
       aes(x = stasiun,
           y = kelimpahan,
           fill = spesies)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
  scale_fill_grey() + #mengatur warna diagram batang
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(colour = "black", size = 12, family="serif"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(colour = "black", size = 12, family="serif"),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10, face ="bold", colour ="black", family="serif"),
        legend.position = "right", axis.title.y = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12, family="serif"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12, colour = "black", family="serif"),
        legend.title = element_text(size = 12, colour = "black", face = "bold", family="serif"),
        axis.line = element_line(color="black", linetype = "solid", linewidth = 1),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        legend.key=element_blank()) + #mengatur ukuran dan warna huruf pada sumbu X, sumbu Y, dan legenda
  labs(y = "Kelimpahan", x = "Lokasi", fill = "Spesies") #Mengatur keterangan sumbu X, sumbu Y, dan legenda

# Kelimpahan Relatif
display.brewer.all(colorblindFriendly = TRUE) #pilihan warna alternatif

ggplot(kelimpahan,
       aes(x = stasiun,
           y = kelimpahan,
           fill = spesies)) +
  geom_bar(position="fill", stat="identity") +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set2") +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(colour = "black", size = 12, family="serif"),
        axis.text.x = element_text(colour = "black", size = 12, family="serif"),
        legend.text = element_text(size = 10, face ="bold", colour ="black", family="serif"),
        legend.position = "right", axis.title.y = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12, family="serif"),
        axis.title.x = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12, colour = "black", family="serif"),
        legend.title = element_text(size = 12, colour = "black", face = "bold", family="serif"),
        axis.line = element_line(color="black", linetype = "solid", linewidth = 1),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        legend.key=element_blank()) + # modify size, color, style of fonts on x and y axes as well as legend
  labs(y = "Kelimpahan Relatif", x = "Stasiun", fil = "Spesies") # set x and y axes titles as well as legend

Session Info:

## R version 4.3.2 (2023-10-31 ucrt)
## Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
## Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045)
## 
## Matrix products: default
## 
## 
## locale:
## [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 
## [2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8   
## [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
## [4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
## [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    
## 
## time zone: Asia/Jakarta
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
## [1] RColorBrewer_1.1-3 ggplot2_3.5.0     
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] vctrs_0.6.5       cli_3.6.2         knitr_1.45        rlang_1.1.3      
##  [5] xfun_0.42         highr_0.10        generics_0.1.3    jsonlite_1.8.8   
##  [9] labeling_0.4.3    glue_1.7.0        colorspace_2.1-0  htmltools_0.5.7  
## [13] sass_0.4.8        fansi_1.0.6       scales_1.3.0      rmarkdown_2.25   
## [17] grid_4.3.2        evaluate_0.23     munsell_0.5.0     jquerylib_0.1.4  
## [21] tibble_3.2.1      fastmap_1.1.1     yaml_2.3.8        lifecycle_1.0.4  
## [25] compiler_4.3.2    dplyr_1.1.4       pkgconfig_2.0.3   rstudioapi_0.15.0
## [29] farver_2.1.1      digest_0.6.34     R6_2.5.1          tidyselect_1.2.0 
## [33] utf8_1.2.4        pillar_1.9.0      magrittr_2.0.3    bslib_0.6.1      
## [37] withr_3.0.0       tools_4.3.2       gtable_0.3.4      cachem_1.0.8