Assigning operator

It will store a value in a variable

a<-2
a
## [1] 2

mean-mean(x)

pakage-tools..install pakage

Function , comment,insatll packages

ctl+alt+i–insert chunk cntrl+R for executing your script

X<-c(1:20)## this is simple comment
X
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

install.packages(“ggplot2”)



X<-c(1,2,3,5:10,NA)
sd(X)
sd(X,na.rm=TRUE)
sd(X,TRUE)
sd(na.rm=TRUE,X)
sd(TRUE,X)
sd(na.rm=TRUE,X)

sd(TRUE,X=X)

sd(TRUE,X=X) #1)create 5 dimentional vector of values 4,7,3,2,5 as x

x<-c(4,7,3,2,5)

2)add 2 with x and assign the value to y

y<-x+2

3)find the mean and sd of y

mean(y)
## [1] 6.2
sd(y)
## [1] 1.923538

4)create another variable z as combination 2,3

z<-c(2,3)

5)add x and z

x+z
## Warning in x + z: longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object
## length
## [1]  6 10  5  5  7

r class has five basic or “atomic” clases of objects:

charecter

numeric

integer

complex

logical(true/false)

x<-1
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"
x<-1L
class(x)
## [1] "integer"
x<-(1:20)
length(x)
## [1] 20
x<-c(1:20,"rekha")
x
##  [1] "1"     "2"     "3"     "4"     "5"     "6"     "7"     "8"    
##  [9] "9"     "10"    "11"    "12"    "13"    "14"    "15"    "16"   
## [17] "17"    "18"    "19"    "20"    "rekha"
x<-as.factor(x)
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
x<-(1:20)
x<-as.character(x)
class(x)
## [1] "character"
x<-20:50
x
##  [1] 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
## [24] 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
x<-c(20:50,50:100)
x
##  [1]  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36
## [18]  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  50  51  52
## [35]  53  54  55  56  57  58  59  60  61  62  63  64  65  66  67  68  69
## [52]  70  71  72  73  74  75  76  77  78  79  80  81  82  83  84  85  86
## [69]  87  88  89  90  91  92  93  94  95  96  97  98  99 100
rm(list=ls())
x<-c(0.5, 0.6)
x
## [1] 0.5 0.6
y<-c(TRUE,2)
y
## [1] 1 2
x<-seq(1,6,0.5)
x
##  [1] 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"
x<-as.integer(x)
x
##  [1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6
matrix(1:20,nrow=2)
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,]    1    3    5    7    9   11   13   15   17    19
## [2,]    2    4    6    8   10   12   14   16   18    20
args(matrix)
## function (data = NA, nrow = 1, ncol = 1, byrow = FALSE, dimnames = NULL) 
## NULL
matrix(1:20,nrow=2,byrow=TRUE)
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,]    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10
## [2,]   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19    20
m<-1:10
m
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
dim(m)<-c(2,5)
m
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
## [1,]    1    3    5    7    9
## [2,]    2    4    6    8   10
y<-20:29
x<-1:10
z<-50:59
x<-c(1,2,3)
y<-c(2,3,4,5)
cbind(x,y)
## Warning in cbind(x, y): number of rows of result is not a multiple of
## vector length (arg 1)
##      x y
## [1,] 1 2
## [2,] 2 3
## [3,] 3 4
## [4,] 1 5
x<-list(c(1,2,3),c("rekha","karam"))
x
## [[1]]
## [1] 1 2 3
## 
## [[2]]
## [1] "rekha" "karam"
x[1]
## [[1]]
## [1] 1 2 3
x[2]
## [[1]]
## [1] "rekha" "karam"
x[[c(1,2)]]
## [1] 2
x[[c(2,2)]]
## [1] "karam"
x<-factor(c("yes","yes","yes"))
x
## [1] yes yes yes
## Levels: yes
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
args(factor)
## function (x = character(), levels, labels = levels, exclude = NA, 
##     ordered = is.ordered(x), nmax = NA) 
## NULL
x<-factor(c("yes","yes","yes","NA"))
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
x
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
y<-factor(x,exclude="NA")
## Warning in as.vector(exclude, typeof(x)): NAs introduced by coercion
y
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
y=factor(x)
y
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
table(x)
## x
##  NA yes 
##   1   3
x<-c("yes","yes","no")
table(x)
## x
##  no yes 
##   1   2
y<-factor(c("yes","no","yes","no"),labels=c("2","1"))
y
## [1] 1 2 1 2
## Levels: 2 1
args(factor)
## function (x = character(), levels, labels = levels, exclude = NA, 
##     ordered = is.ordered(x), nmax = NA) 
## NULL
y<-factor(c("yes","no","yes","no"),labels=c("1","2"))
y
## [1] 2 1 2 1
## Levels: 1 2

create a list whose first element is 2-element set of names say “Athanu” and “Karam”,second element is a set of numbers like 2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5.

l<-list(c("athanu","karam"),c(2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5))
l
## [[1]]
## [1] "athanu" "karam" 
## 
## [[2]]
## [1]  2  3  4  5 19  2  7  5  5

## check the class of second element of the list.

class(l[[2]])
## [1] "numeric"

change the 1st element of the list as a factor.

x<-as.factor(l[[1]])
x
## [1] athanu karam 
## Levels: athanu karam

find out the frequency of each element of the 2nd element of the list.

l<-list(c("athanu","karam"),c(2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5))

table(l[2])
## 
##  2  3  4  5  7 19 
##  2  1  1  3  1  1

missing value

x<-c(1,2,3,NA,1,NaN)
is.na(x)
## [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE
is.nan(x)
## [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE

data frames

each column is considered as frame.and the length of the frame is no.of rows of a column.and the length of each column should be same.
.to import csv file use read.csv
. to import xlxs file use read.table
. to create a data frame the function is “data.frame”.

x<-data.frame(name=c("atanu","sujit","sudha","rekha"),age=c(23,24,24,25),sex=c("m","f","m","f"))
x
##    name age sex
## 1 atanu  23   m
## 2 sujit  24   f
## 3 sudha  24   m
## 4 rekha  25   f
class(x)
## [1] "data.frame"
str(x)
## 'data.frame':    4 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ name: Factor w/ 4 levels "atanu","rekha",..: 1 4 3 2
##  $ age : num  23 24 24 25
##  $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "f","m": 2 1 2 1
x[2,2]
## [1] 24
x[,2]
## [1] 23 24 24 25
names(x[,2])
## NULL
as.character(x[,1])
## [1] "atanu" "sujit" "sudha" "rekha"
class(as.character(x[,1]))
## [1] "character"
x
##    name age sex
## 1 atanu  23   m
## 2 sujit  24   f
## 3 sudha  24   m
## 4 rekha  25   f
str(x)
## 'data.frame':    4 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ name: Factor w/ 4 levels "atanu","rekha",..: 1 4 3 2
##  $ age : num  23 24 24 25
##  $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "f","m": 2 1 2 1
x[,1]=as.character(x[,1])
str(x)
## 'data.frame':    4 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ name: chr  "atanu" "sujit" "sudha" "rekha"
##  $ age : num  23 24 24 25
##  $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "f","m": 2 1 2 1
x[,2]=as.integer(x[,2])
str(x)
## 'data.frame':    4 obs. of  3 variables:
##  $ name: chr  "atanu" "sujit" "sudha" "rekha"
##  $ age : int  23 24 24 25
##  $ sex : Factor w/ 2 levels "f","m": 2 1 2 1
y<-as.matrix(x)
y
##      name    age  sex
## [1,] "atanu" "23" "m"
## [2,] "sujit" "24" "f"
## [3,] "sudha" "24" "m"
## [4,] "rekha" "25" "f"
class(y)
## [1] "matrix"
y
##      name    age  sex
## [1,] "atanu" "23" "m"
## [2,] "sujit" "24" "f"
## [3,] "sudha" "24" "m"
## [4,] "rekha" "25" "f"
class(y)
## [1] "matrix"
s1=y
s1
##      name    age  sex
## [1,] "atanu" "23" "m"
## [2,] "sujit" "24" "f"
## [3,] "sudha" "24" "m"
## [4,] "rekha" "25" "f"
str(s1)
##  chr [1:4, 1:3] "atanu" "sujit" "sudha" "rekha" "23" "24" ...
##  - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
##   ..$ : NULL
##   ..$ : chr [1:3] "name" "age" "sex"
names(x)
## [1] "name" "age"  "sex"
str(x$name)
##  chr [1:4] "atanu" "sujit" "sudha" "rekha"
str(x$age)
##  int [1:4] 23 24 24 25
nrow(x)
## [1] 4
ncol(x)
## [1] 3
y<-data.frame(c("atanu","sujit","sudha","rekha"),c(24,23,23,22),c("m","m","f","f"))
y
##   c..atanu....sujit....sudha....rekha.. c.24..23..23..22.
## 1                                 atanu                24
## 2                                 sujit                23
## 3                                 sudha                23
## 4                                 rekha                22
##   c..m....m....f....f..
## 1                     m
## 2                     m
## 3                     f
## 4                     f
                                     ##import a file from web url
Wine <- read.csv("C:/Users/localadmin/Downloads/Wine.csv")
 View(Wine)
 ##separating column v5 from wine and saving in wine1

 str(Wine$V5)
##  num [1:178] 15.6 11.2 18.6 16.8 21 15.2 14.6 17.6 14 16 ...
 wine1<-str(Wine$V5)
##  num [1:178] 15.6 11.2 18.6 16.8 21 15.2 14.6 17.6 14 16 ...

View(Wine1)(type in console)

                                  ## To display  all columns in wine
colnames(Wine) 
##  [1] "X"   "V1"  "V2"  "V3"  "V4"  "V5"  "V6"  "V7"  "V8"  "V9"  "V10"
## [12] "V11" "V12" "V13" "V14"
  Wine2<-(Wine$V10)

View(Wine2)

                      ## removing rows/columns from data set and storing it in seperate data set
 Wine1<-Wine[ ,-1]
str(Wine1)
## 'data.frame':    178 obs. of  14 variables:
##  $ V1 : int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ V2 : num  14.2 13.2 13.2 14.4 13.2 ...
##  $ V3 : num  1.71 1.78 2.36 1.95 2.59 1.76 1.87 2.15 1.64 1.35 ...
##  $ V4 : num  2.43 2.14 2.67 2.5 2.87 2.45 2.45 2.61 2.17 2.27 ...
##  $ V5 : num  15.6 11.2 18.6 16.8 21 15.2 14.6 17.6 14 16 ...
##  $ V6 : int  127 100 101 113 118 112 96 121 97 98 ...
##  $ V7 : num  2.8 2.65 2.8 3.85 2.8 3.27 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.98 ...
##  $ V8 : num  3.06 2.76 3.24 3.49 2.69 3.39 2.52 2.51 2.98 3.15 ...
##  $ V9 : num  0.28 0.26 0.3 0.24 0.39 0.34 0.3 0.31 0.29 0.22 ...
##  $ V10: num  2.29 1.28 2.81 2.18 1.82 1.97 1.98 1.25 1.98 1.85 ...
##  $ V11: num  5.64 4.38 5.68 7.8 4.32 6.75 5.25 5.05 5.2 7.22 ...
##  $ V12: num  1.04 1.05 1.03 0.86 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.01 ...
##  $ V13: num  3.92 3.4 3.17 3.45 2.93 2.85 3.58 3.58 2.85 3.55 ...
##  $ V14: int  1065 1050 1185 1480 735 1450 1290 1295 1045 1045 ...
Wine2<-Wine[ ,-c(2,3,5,6)]
 str(Wine2)
## 'data.frame':    178 obs. of  11 variables:
##  $ X  : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ V3 : num  1.71 1.78 2.36 1.95 2.59 1.76 1.87 2.15 1.64 1.35 ...
##  $ V6 : int  127 100 101 113 118 112 96 121 97 98 ...
##  $ V7 : num  2.8 2.65 2.8 3.85 2.8 3.27 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.98 ...
##  $ V8 : num  3.06 2.76 3.24 3.49 2.69 3.39 2.52 2.51 2.98 3.15 ...
##  $ V9 : num  0.28 0.26 0.3 0.24 0.39 0.34 0.3 0.31 0.29 0.22 ...
##  $ V10: num  2.29 1.28 2.81 2.18 1.82 1.97 1.98 1.25 1.98 1.85 ...
##  $ V11: num  5.64 4.38 5.68 7.8 4.32 6.75 5.25 5.05 5.2 7.22 ...
##  $ V12: num  1.04 1.05 1.03 0.86 1.04 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.01 ...
##  $ V13: num  3.92 3.4 3.17 3.45 2.93 2.85 3.58 3.58 2.85 3.55 ...
##  $ V14: int  1065 1050 1185 1480 735 1450 1290 1295 1045 1045 ...
 Wine2<-Wine1[ ,-c(2,3,5,6)]
 Wine4<-Wine[1:100,]
 Wine5<-Wine4[1:100,c(5,7)]
                                        ## to rename coloumns
colnames(y)<-c("name","age","sex")
                                          ## 2.Data set
                      ## extracting desired observations from the data set like species
                                                ## obs with species setosa
iris_setosa=subset(iris,Species=="setosa")
table(iris_setosa$Species)
## 
##     setosa versicolor  virginica 
##         50          0          0
table(iris$Species)
## 
##     setosa versicolor  virginica 
##         50         50         50
str(iris)
## 'data.frame':    150 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
                                            ## observation with petal length 1.4
iris2=subset(iris,Petal.Length==1.4)
str(iris2)
## 'data.frame':    13 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.9 5 4.6 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.5 4.9 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3 3.6 3.4 2.9 3 3.5 3.4 4.2 3.6 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
                                            ##observation with Sepal.Width > 3.1
iris3<-subset(iris,Sepal.Width > 3.1)
str(iris3)
## 'data.frame':    56 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.7 5 5.4 4.6 5 5.4 4.8 5.8 5.7 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3.2 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.4 4 4.4 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
                                            ## observation with Sepal.Width <3.1 
iris4<-subset(iris,Sepal.Width<3.1)
str(iris4)
## 'data.frame':    83 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  4.9 4.4 4.8 4.3 5 4.4 4.5 4.8 5.5 6.5 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3 2.9 3 3 3 3 2.3 3 2.3 2.8 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 4 4.6 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.3 1.5 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...
                                            ## observation with Sepal.Width >=3.1 
iris5<-subset(iris,Sepal.Width>=3.1)
str(iris5)
## 'data.frame':    67 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.9 5.4 4.8 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.7 3.4 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
iris6<-subset(iris,Species=="Iris-versicolor" & Sepal.Width>=3.4)
str(iris6)
## 'data.frame':    0 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num 
##  $ Sepal.Width : num 
##  $ Petal.Length: num 
##  $ Petal.Width : num 
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..:
iris7<-subset(iris,Species=="Setosa"| Sepal.Length==4.4)
str(iris7)
## 'data.frame':    3 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  4.4 4.4 4.4
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  2.9 3 3.2
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.3 1.3
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1
                                        ##other way of etracting desired observations
iris8<-iris[which(iris$Sepal.Length==4.9 & iris$Species=="Setosa"),]
str(iris8)
## 'data.frame':    0 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num 
##  $ Sepal.Width : num 
##  $ Petal.Length: num 
##  $ Petal.Width : num 
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..:
                                          ##3.data set

                                          ##renaming adult data set
adult=read.csv("C:/Users/localadmin/Documents/adult.csv")
colnames(adult)<-c("Age","Work class","Flnwgt","Education","Education-num","Marital status","Occupation","Relationship","Race","Sex","capital gain","Capital loss","Hours per week","Native country","Income")
str(adult)
## 'data.frame':    32561 obs. of  16 variables:
##  $ Age           : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ Work class    : int  39 50 38 53 28 37 49 52 31 42 ...
##  $ Flnwgt        : Factor w/ 9 levels " ?"," Federal-gov",..: 8 7 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 5 ...
##  $ Education     : int  77516 83311 215646 234721 338409 284582 160187 209642 45781 159449 ...
##  $ Education-num : Factor w/ 16 levels " 10th"," 11th",..: 10 10 12 2 10 13 7 12 13 10 ...
##  $ Marital status: int  13 13 9 7 13 14 5 9 14 13 ...
##  $ Occupation    : Factor w/ 7 levels " Divorced"," Married-AF-spouse",..: 5 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 ...
##  $ Relationship  : Factor w/ 15 levels " ?"," Adm-clerical",..: 2 5 7 7 11 5 9 5 11 5 ...
##  $ Race          : Factor w/ 6 levels " Husband"," Not-in-family",..: 2 1 2 1 6 6 2 1 2 1 ...
##  $ Sex           : Factor w/ 5 levels " Amer-Indian-Eskimo",..: 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 ...
##  $ capital gain  : Factor w/ 2 levels " Female"," Male": 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 ...
##  $ Capital loss  : int  2174 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14084 5178 ...
##  $ Hours per week: int  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ Native country: int  40 13 40 40 40 40 16 45 50 40 ...
##  $ Income        : Factor w/ 42 levels " ?"," Cambodia",..: 40 40 40 40 6 40 24 40 40 40 ...
##  $ NA            : Factor w/ 2 levels " <=50K"," >50K": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 ...
                    ##observations that above has income>50k|<= 50k
                ## trimming function adult$v15=str_trim(adult$v15)

adult1<-subset(adult,Income==" >50K" | Income==" <=50K")
str(adult1)
## 'data.frame':    0 obs. of  16 variables:
##  $ Age           : int 
##  $ Work class    : int 
##  $ Flnwgt        : Factor w/ 9 levels " ?"," Federal-gov",..: 
##  $ Education     : int 
##  $ Education-num : Factor w/ 16 levels " 10th"," 11th",..: 
##  $ Marital status: int 
##  $ Occupation    : Factor w/ 7 levels " Divorced"," Married-AF-spouse",..: 
##  $ Relationship  : Factor w/ 15 levels " ?"," Adm-clerical",..: 
##  $ Race          : Factor w/ 6 levels " Husband"," Not-in-family",..: 
##  $ Sex           : Factor w/ 5 levels " Amer-Indian-Eskimo",..: 
##  $ capital gain  : Factor w/ 2 levels " Female"," Male": 
##  $ Capital loss  : int 
##  $ Hours per week: int 
##  $ Native country: int 
##  $ Income        : Factor w/ 42 levels " ?"," Cambodia",..: 
##  $ NA            : Factor w/ 2 levels " <=50K"," >50K":
                    ##bservations that have age greater than 20 and income >50k 
adult2<-subset(adult,Age== ">20" & Income ==">50K")
str(adult2)
## 'data.frame':    0 obs. of  16 variables:
##  $ Age           : int 
##  $ Work class    : int 
##  $ Flnwgt        : Factor w/ 9 levels " ?"," Federal-gov",..: 
##  $ Education     : int 
##  $ Education-num : Factor w/ 16 levels " 10th"," 11th",..: 
##  $ Marital status: int 
##  $ Occupation    : Factor w/ 7 levels " Divorced"," Married-AF-spouse",..: 
##  $ Relationship  : Factor w/ 15 levels " ?"," Adm-clerical",..: 
##  $ Race          : Factor w/ 6 levels " Husband"," Not-in-family",..: 
##  $ Sex           : Factor w/ 5 levels " Amer-Indian-Eskimo",..: 
##  $ capital gain  : Factor w/ 2 levels " Female"," Male": 
##  $ Capital loss  : int 
##  $ Hours per week: int 
##  $ Native country: int 
##  $ Income        : Factor w/ 42 levels " ?"," Cambodia",..: 
##  $ NA            : Factor w/ 2 levels " <=50K"," >50K":

length of string

nchar("rekha")
## [1] 5
s<-c("rekha","navya","shyama")
nchar(s)
## [1] 5 5 6

to print a portion of the string

substr("rekha",2,5)
## [1] "ekha"
substr("analytics",3,8)
## [1] "alytic"

to replace one substring with other

sub(old,new,string)/gsub to replase all instances of substring

s1<-"curly is the smart one.curly is funny too."
sub("curly","moe",s1)
## [1] "moe is the smart one.curly is funny too."
gsub("curly","moe",s1)
## [1] "moe is the smart one.moe is funny too."
s2<-"rekha is the smart one.rekha is funny too."
sub("rekha","navya",s2)
## [1] "navya is the smart one.rekha is funny too."
gsub("rekha","swathi",s2)
## [1] "swathi is the smart one.swathi is funny too."

you have 2 sets of strings,and you want to generate all combinations from those two sets(their cartesian products)

solution

use the outer paste functions together to generate the matrix of all possible combinations:

m<-outer(strings1,paste,sep=“”)

locations<-c("NY","La","Chi","Hou")
treatments<-c("T1","T2","T3")
outer(locations,treatments,paste,sep="+")
##      [,1]     [,2]     [,3]    
## [1,] "NY+T1"  "NY+T2"  "NY+T3" 
## [2,] "La+T1"  "La+T2"  "La+T3" 
## [3,] "Chi+T1" "Chi+T2" "Chi+T3"
## [4,] "Hou+T1" "Hou+T2" "Hou+T3"
paste("rekha","leela",sep="")
## [1] "rekhaleela"
paste("rekha","leela",sep="/")
## [1] "rekha/leela"
class(paste("rekha","leela",sep="/"))
## [1] "character"

getting current date

Sys.Date()
## [1] "2015-10-06"
class(Sys.Date())
## [1] "Date"

string representation of date such as “2010-12-31”,and you want to convert that into a date object

as.Date("11/3/2015",format="%d/%m/%Y")
## [1] "2015-03-11"

use iso date function:

isodate(year,month,day)

also possible to add >isodatetime(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)

y<-as.Date(ISOdate(2012,2,29))
y
## [1] "2012-02-29"
class(y)
## [1] "Date"
format(y,"%Y")
## [1] "2012"
class(format(y,"%Y"))
## [1] "character"
as.integer(format(y,"%Y"))
## [1] 2012
2015-as.integer(format(y,"%Y"))
## [1] 3

d=c(1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,9,15)
d
##  [1]  1  1  2  2  2  2  3  4  9 15
hist(d)

## inbuilt data set and ploting scattering plot

View(cars)
plot(cars$speed,cars$dist)

plot(cars,main="The Title", xlab="X-axis Label",ylab="Y-axis Label")

to add grid to plot

plot(cars)
grid()
lines(cars)

##iris data set

data()
with(iris,plot(Petal.Length,Petal.Width,pch=as.integer(Species)))
f<-factor(iris$Species)
legend(1.5, 2.4, as.character(levels(f)), pch=1:length(levels(f)))

##it gives correlation of 2 variables

pairs(iris)

adult data set

with(adult,plot(adult$Age,adult$"Sex",pch=as.integer(Income)))
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '31'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): unimplemented pch value '27'
f1<-factor(adult$Income)
legend(1.5,2.5,as.character(levels(f1)),pch=1:length(levels(f1)))
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '26'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '27'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '28'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '29'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '30'
## Warning in plot.xy(xy.coords(x, y), type = type, ...): unimplemented pch
## value '31'

##co plot

data(Cars93,package="MASS")
coplot(Horsepower ~ MPG.city | Origin, data=Cars93)