Assigning operator

It will store a value in a variable

a<-2
a
## [1] 2

mean-mean(x) pakage-tools..install pakage ## Function , comment,insatll packages ctl+alt+i–insert chunk cntrl+R for executing your script

X<-c(1:20)## this is simple comment
X
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

install.packages(“ggplot2”)



X<-c(1,2,3,5:10,NA)
sd(X)
sd(X,na.rm=TRUE)
sd(X,TRUE)
sd(na.rm=TRUE,X)
sd(TRUE,X)
sd(na.rm=TRUE,X)

sd(TRUE,X=X)

sd(TRUE,X=X) 1)create 5 dimentional vector of values 4,7,3,2,5 as x

x<-c(4,7,3,2,5)

2)add 2 with x and assign the value to y

y<-x+2

3)find the mean and sd of y

mean(y)
## [1] 6.2
sd(y)
## [1] 1.923538

4)create another variable z as combination 2,3

z<-c(2,3)

5)add x and z

x+z
## Warning in x + z: longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object
## length
## [1]  6 10  5  5  7

r class has five basic or “atomic” clases of objects: charecter numeric integer complex logical(true/false)

x<-1
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"
x<-1L
class(x)
## [1] "integer"
x<-(1:20)
length(x)
## [1] 20
x<-c(1:20,"rekha")
x
##  [1] "1"     "2"     "3"     "4"     "5"     "6"     "7"     "8"    
##  [9] "9"     "10"    "11"    "12"    "13"    "14"    "15"    "16"   
## [17] "17"    "18"    "19"    "20"    "rekha"
x<-as.factor(x)
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
x<-(1:20)
x<-as.character(x)
class(x)
## [1] "character"
x<-20:50
x
##  [1] 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
## [24] 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
x<-c(20:50,50:100)
x
##  [1]  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36
## [18]  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  50  51  52
## [35]  53  54  55  56  57  58  59  60  61  62  63  64  65  66  67  68  69
## [52]  70  71  72  73  74  75  76  77  78  79  80  81  82  83  84  85  86
## [69]  87  88  89  90  91  92  93  94  95  96  97  98  99 100
rm(list=ls())
x<-c(0.5, 0.6)
x
## [1] 0.5 0.6
y<-c(TRUE,2)
y
## [1] 1 2
x<-seq(1,6,0.5)
x
##  [1] 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
class(x)
## [1] "numeric"
x<-as.integer(x)
x
##  [1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6
matrix(1:20,nrow=2)
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,]    1    3    5    7    9   11   13   15   17    19
## [2,]    2    4    6    8   10   12   14   16   18    20
args(matrix)
## function (data = NA, nrow = 1, ncol = 1, byrow = FALSE, dimnames = NULL) 
## NULL
matrix(1:20,nrow=2,byrow=TRUE)
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,]    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    10
## [2,]   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19    20
m<-1:10
m
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
dim(m)<-c(2,5)
m
##      [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
## [1,]    1    3    5    7    9
## [2,]    2    4    6    8   10
y<-20:29
x<-1:10
z<-50:59
x<-c(1,2,3)
y<-c(2,3,4,5)
cbind(x,y)
## Warning in cbind(x, y): number of rows of result is not a multiple of
## vector length (arg 1)
##      x y
## [1,] 1 2
## [2,] 2 3
## [3,] 3 4
## [4,] 1 5
x<-list(c(1,2,3),c("rekha","karam"))
x
## [[1]]
## [1] 1 2 3
## 
## [[2]]
## [1] "rekha" "karam"
x[1]
## [[1]]
## [1] 1 2 3
x[2]
## [[1]]
## [1] "rekha" "karam"
x[[c(1,2)]]
## [1] 2
x[[c(2,2)]]
## [1] "karam"
x<-factor(c("yes","yes","yes"))
x
## [1] yes yes yes
## Levels: yes
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
args(factor)
## function (x = character(), levels, labels = levels, exclude = NA, 
##     ordered = is.ordered(x), nmax = NA) 
## NULL
x<-factor(c("yes","yes","yes","NA"))
class(x)
## [1] "factor"
x
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
y<-factor(x,exclude="NA")
## Warning in as.vector(exclude, typeof(x)): NAs introduced by coercion
y
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
y=factor(x)
y
## [1] yes yes yes NA 
## Levels: NA yes
table(x)
## x
##  NA yes 
##   1   3
x<-c("yes","yes","no")
table(x)
## x
##  no yes 
##   1   2
y<-factor(c("yes","no","yes","no"),labels=c("2","1"))
y
## [1] 1 2 1 2
## Levels: 2 1
args(factor)
## function (x = character(), levels, labels = levels, exclude = NA, 
##     ordered = is.ordered(x), nmax = NA) 
## NULL
y<-factor(c("yes","no","yes","no"),labels=c("1","2"))
y
## [1] 2 1 2 1
## Levels: 1 2

create a list whose first element is 2-element set of names say “Athanu” and “Karam”,second element is a set of numbers like 2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5.

l<-list(c("athanu","karam"),c(2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5))
l
## [[1]]
## [1] "athanu" "karam" 
## 
## [[2]]
## [1]  2  3  4  5 19  2  7  5  5

## check the class of second element of the list.

class(l[[2]])
## [1] "numeric"

change the 1st element of the list as a factor.

x<-as.factor(l[[1]])
x
## [1] athanu karam 
## Levels: athanu karam

find out the frequency of each element of the 2nd element of the list.

l<-list(c("athanu","karam"),c(2,3,4,5,19,2,7,5,5))

table(l[2])
## 
##  2  3  4  5  7 19 
##  2  1  1  3  1  1