Variable Description - Sleep Patterns Study

Variables Description:

a) Explanatory and Response Variables: The study examined the following variables:

Explanatory Variables:
- Sleep Duration: The amount of time participants spent sleeping each night.
- Lifestyle Factors: Including exercise frequency, screen time before bedtime, and caffeine intake.
- Demographic Information: Such as age, gender, and academic major.
Response Variable:
- Academic Performance: Assessed through participants’ GPA and self-reported academic achievements.

b) Response Scales: - Sleep Duration: Measured in hours per night, ranging from 4 to 12 hours. - Lifestyle Factors: Categorical scales for exercise frequency (e.g., Rarely, Occasionally, Regularly), screen time (e.g., Low, Moderate, High), and caffeine intake (e.g., None, Low, Moderate, High). - Demographic Information: Age was measured in years, gender as categorical (Male, Female), and academic major as a categorical variable.

Academic Performance (Response Variable):
- GPA was measured on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 being the lowest and 4 being the highest.

c) Variable Management: - Cleaning and Imputation: Missing values in demographic and lifestyle variables were handled through imputation techniques, ensuring a complete dataset for analysis. - Normalization: Academic performance and sleep duration were normalized to a common scale to facilitate comparison and interpretation. - Categorization: Lifestyle variables were categorized for ease of analysis, ensuring meaningful insights into the impact of different lifestyle factors on sleep and academic performance.

Visual Representation:

Bar Chart - Sleep Duration

Pie Chart - Gender Distribution

Scatter Plot - Age vs. GPA

Box Plot - Screen Time Distribution

Heatmap - Correlation Matrix

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