Pemilihan Model Regresi Terbaik Prostate Cancer
Siti Hafsah (G1501231060)
2024-02-01
Pendahuluan
Latar Belakang
Prostate cancer umumnya berkembang perlahan dan dapat tetap terbatas pada kelenjar prostat untuk waktu yang lama. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, kanker prostat dapat tumbuh lebih agresif dan menyebar ke bagian lain tubuh, terutama tulang.
Faktor risiko untuk prostate cancer meliputi usia tua, riwayat keluarga dengan kanker prostat, ras (pria Afrika-Amerika memiliki risiko lebih tinggi), dan faktor genetik tertentu. Meskipun demikian, penyebab pasti prostate cancer belum sepenuhnya dipahami.
Penelitian kanker prostat menjadi penting karena memberikan pemahaman mendalam mengenal karakteristik klinis dan faktor-faktor risiko, yang dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan deteksi dini serta pengembangan strategi pengobatan yang lebih efektif.
Analisis data menggunakan metode Regresi Linier dan Teknik Seleksi Peubah: Subset-Selection, dapat membantu mengidentifikasi peubah yang paling mempengaruhi perkembangan kanker prostat.
Tujuan
mencari model subset regresi terbaik untuk kasus prostate cancer.
Metodologi
Data
Data ini terdiri dari 9 peubah dan 97 observasi . Berikut adalah deskripsi setiap peubah yang terdapat dalam dataset.
| Peubah | Deskripsi |
|---|---|
| lcavol | Ukuran volume atau ukuran besarnya tumor kanker prostat. |
| Iweight | Ukuran berat atau massa prostat |
| Usia | Umur pasien, yang dapat memainkan peran dalam risiko kanker prostat |
| Ibph | Ukuran jumlah hiperplasia prostatik jinak, kondisi yang dapat mempengaruhi prostat. |
| svi | Variabel biner yang menunjukkan apakah terjadi invasi vesikel seminal atau tidak. |
| Icp | Ukuran penetrasi kapsular kanker prostat |
| Gleason | Skor histopatologis yang mengukur tingkat keganasan sel kanker prostat |
| Pgg45 | Persentase dari skor Gleason yang menunjukkan tingkat |
Import Data
library(bayesQR)
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library(skimr)
library(DataExplorer)
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library(tictoc)
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## priorProstate <- read.csv("D:/STA S2/semester 2/pembelajaran mesin statistika/pertemuan 2/data_cancer.csv", sep = ";")
str(Prostate)## 'data.frame': 97 obs. of 11 variables:
## $ X : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ lcavol : num -0.58 -0.994 -0.511 -1.204 0.751 ...
## $ lweight: num 2.77 3.32 2.69 3.28 3.43 ...
## $ age : int 50 58 74 58 62 50 64 58 47 63 ...
## $ lbph : num -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 ...
## $ svi : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ lcp : num -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 ...
## $ gleason: int 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ...
## $ pgg45 : int 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ lpsa : num -0.431 -0.163 -0.163 -0.163 0.372 ...
## $ train : logi TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE TRUE ...head(Prostate)Prostate$X <- NULL
Prostate$train <- NULLskim_without_charts(data = Prostate)| Name | Prostate |
| Number of rows | 97 |
| Number of columns | 9 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| numeric | 9 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lcavol | 0 | 1 | 1.35 | 1.18 | -1.35 | 0.51 | 1.45 | 2.13 | 3.82 |
| lweight | 0 | 1 | 3.63 | 0.43 | 2.37 | 3.38 | 3.62 | 3.88 | 4.78 |
| age | 0 | 1 | 63.87 | 7.45 | 41.00 | 60.00 | 65.00 | 68.00 | 79.00 |
| lbph | 0 | 1 | 0.10 | 1.45 | -1.39 | -1.39 | 0.30 | 1.56 | 2.33 |
| svi | 0 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| lcp | 0 | 1 | -0.18 | 1.40 | -1.39 | -1.39 | -0.80 | 1.18 | 2.90 |
| gleason | 0 | 1 | 6.75 | 0.72 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 9.00 |
| pgg45 | 0 | 1 | 24.38 | 28.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.00 | 40.00 | 100.00 |
| lpsa | 0 | 1 | 2.48 | 1.15 | -0.43 | 1.73 | 2.59 | 3.06 | 5.58 |
Algoritma Teknik Subset Pemodelan Regresi Linear
Ada beberapa algoritma yang digunakan untuk pemodelan, yaitu:
Best Subset Selection
Metode “Best Subset Selection” adalah suatu pendekatan dalam pemodelan regresi yang melibatkan pembentukan semua kombinasi subset variabel prediktor yang mungkin dan pemilihan subset yang memberikan model terbaik berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk memilih model regresi yang optimal dengan mempertimbangkan semua kombinasi variabel.
Forward Stepwise Selection
Metode “Forward Selection” adalah suatu pendekatan dalam pemodelan regresi yang dimulai dari model kosong (tanpa variabel prediktor) dan secara iteratif menambahkan satu variabel prediktor pada setiap langkah berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Tujuan dari metode ini adalah untuk membangun model yang optimal dengan memilih subset variabel yang memberikan peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kriteria kinerja model.
Backward Stepwise Selection
Metode “Backward Elimination” adalah suatu pendekatan dalam pemodelan regresi yang dimulai dari model yang mencakup semua variabel prediktor dan secara iteratif menghapus satu variabel pada setiap langkah berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk membangun model yang optimal dengan mengeliminasi variabel yang tidak memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap kriteria kinerja model.
Hasil dan Pembahasan
Data Exploration
Cek Missing Values
plot_intro(data = Prostate,
ggtheme = theme_classic(),
theme_config = list(axis.line=element_blank(),
axis.ticks=element_blank(),
axis.text.x=element_blank(),
axis.title=element_blank()
)
)
any(duplicated(Prostate))## [1] FALSEProstate$svi <- as.factor(Prostate$svi)Berdasarkan plot di atas terlihat bahwa data Prostate cancer tidak memiliki data hilang atau missing observations. Pada data terlihat bahwa data bertipe kontinu. terlihat juga bawhwa tidak terdapat data Duplikat.
Statistika Deskriptif
Pada statistika deskriptif disajikan ringkasan data dengan
memperhatikan pola persebaran data, nilai minimum, maksimum, rata-rata,
standar deviasi, mengetahui missing value, dan apakah data hanya
berkumpul dalam rentang kuartil tertentu yang nantinya penting bagi kita
untuk melakukan langkah preprocessing selanjutnya. Untuk melihat
ringkasan dari data maka digunakan fungsi skim dan
summary.
summary(Prostate)## lcavol lweight age lbph svi
## Min. :-1.3471 Min. :2.375 Min. :41.00 Min. :-1.3863 0:76
## 1st Qu.: 0.5128 1st Qu.:3.376 1st Qu.:60.00 1st Qu.:-1.3863 1:21
## Median : 1.4469 Median :3.623 Median :65.00 Median : 0.3001
## Mean : 1.3500 Mean :3.629 Mean :63.87 Mean : 0.1004
## 3rd Qu.: 2.1270 3rd Qu.:3.876 3rd Qu.:68.00 3rd Qu.: 1.5581
## Max. : 3.8210 Max. :4.780 Max. :79.00 Max. : 2.3263
## lcp gleason pgg45 lpsa
## Min. :-1.3863 Min. :6.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. :-0.4308
## 1st Qu.:-1.3863 1st Qu.:6.000 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 1.7317
## Median :-0.7985 Median :7.000 Median : 15.00 Median : 2.5915
## Mean :-0.1794 Mean :6.753 Mean : 24.38 Mean : 2.4784
## 3rd Qu.: 1.1787 3rd Qu.:7.000 3rd Qu.: 40.00 3rd Qu.: 3.0564
## Max. : 2.9042 Max. :9.000 Max. :100.00 Max. : 5.5829Berdasarkan statistik deskriptif diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa rata-rata peubah Lcavnol 1350, sedangkan paling tinggi 3.821
Eksplorasi Variabel Respon
hist(Prostate$lpsa)
boxplot(Prostate$lpsa)
Berdasarkan plot di atas terlihat bahwa peubah respon LPSA memiliki seberan data yang simetris. pada boxplot LPSA memiliki beberapa data pencilan.
Eksplorasi Secara Numerik
# Histogram
plot_histogram(Prostate,
ggtheme = theme_classic(),
geom_histogram_args = list(fill="red"))## `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.
plot_boxplot(data = Prostate,by = "lpsa",
ggtheme = theme_classic(),
geom_boxplot_args = list(fill="darkorange2"))
Berdasarkan plot di atas terlihat bahwa hampir semua peubah penjelas mempunyai data sebaran yang tidak simetris dan terdapat banyak outlier.
Hubungan antar peubah penjelas
library(corrplot)## corrplot 0.92 loadednumeric_data <- Prostate[, sapply(Prostate, is.numeric)]
M <- cor(numeric_data)
# Menyiapkan skala warna
col <- colorRampPalette(c("red", "yellow", "#FFFFFF", "blue", "green"))
# Menampilkan matriks korelasi dengan corrplot
corrplot(M, method="color", col=col(200),
addCoef.col = "black",
tl.col="black", tl.srt=45,
diag=FALSE)
Berdasarkan plot di atas terlihat bahwa semua peubah penjelas dan peubah respon memiliki hubungan yang sangat dibawah 0,8 yang mana tidak terdapat multikol
Data Preprocessing
Split Data
Split Train/Testing adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi performa model. Metode ini membagi dataset menjadi dua bagian, yaitu data training atau data latih dan data testing atau data uji. Data training digunakan untuk membuat model, sementara data testing digunakan untuk evaluasi kebaikan model.
library(caret)
set.seed(1501231014)
# Membuat indeks untuk membagi data
indeks <- createDataPartition(Prostate$lpsa, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
# Membagi data menjadi set pelatihan dan set pengujian
data_train <- Prostate[indeks, ]
data_test <- Prostate[-indeks, ]Regresi Linear
regresi <- lm(lpsa~., data=data_train)
summary(regresi)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = lpsa ~ ., data = data_train)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.53442 -0.28777 0.00292 0.33181 1.67311
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -0.620630 1.440013 -0.431 0.66780
## lcavol 0.572052 0.101614 5.630 3.48e-07 ***
## lweight 0.663773 0.226351 2.932 0.00454 **
## age -0.022536 0.013111 -1.719 0.09006 .
## lbph 0.051403 0.061842 0.831 0.40869
## svi1 0.697150 0.254565 2.739 0.00782 **
## lcp -0.163671 0.097887 -1.672 0.09898 .
## gleason 0.155925 0.167615 0.930 0.35543
## pgg45 0.003089 0.004758 0.649 0.51826
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.696 on 70 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6236, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5806
## F-statistic: 14.5 on 8 and 70 DF, p-value: 3.021e-12Uji Asumsi Klasik
Uji Autokorelasi
library(lmtest)## Loading required package: zoo##
## Attaching package: 'zoo'## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
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## as.Date, as.Date.numericdwtest(regresi)##
## Durbin-Watson test
##
## data: regresi
## DW = 1.4437, p-value = 0.004931
## alternative hypothesis: true autocorrelation is greater than 0Nilai p-Value hasil uji runs test sebesar 0.1658 > 0.05, hal ini menandakan tidak cukup bukti untuk menolak H0 / gagal tolak H0. Dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dapat dikatakan bahwa sisaan saling bebas atau tidak ada autokorelasi
Uji Normalitas
Hipotesis : H0 : Sisaan menyebar normal H1 : Sisaan tidak menyebar normal
library(tseries)## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'quantmod':
## method from
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## Jarque Bera Test
##
## data: regresi$residuals
## X-squared = 0.1063, df = 2, p-value = 0.9482Nilai p-value hasil uji Shapiro-wilk sebesar 0.9482 > 0.05, hal ini menandakan tidak cukup bukti untuk menolak H0 / gagal tolak H0. Dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dapat dikatakan bahwa sisaan menyebar normal.
Model Selection
Best-subset selection
library(tidyverse)
library(leaps)
library(ISLR)
regfit.full <- regsubsets(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "exhaustive")
summary_best_subset <- summary(regfit.full)
summary_best_subset## Subset selection object
## Call: regsubsets.formula(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "exhaustive")
## 8 Variables (and intercept)
## Forced in Forced out
## lcavol FALSE FALSE
## lweight FALSE FALSE
## age FALSE FALSE
## lbph FALSE FALSE
## svi1 FALSE FALSE
## lcp FALSE FALSE
## gleason FALSE FALSE
## pgg45 FALSE FALSE
## 1 subsets of each size up to 8
## Selection Algorithm: exhaustive
## lcavol lweight age lbph svi1 lcp gleason pgg45
## 1 ( 1 ) "*" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 2 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 3 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " " " " "
## 4 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " "*" " "
## 5 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 6 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 7 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" " "
## 8 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*"Prostate <- dataForward
regfit_fwd = regsubsets(lpsa~., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "forward")
summary(regfit_fwd)## Subset selection object
## Call: regsubsets.formula(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "forward")
## 8 Variables (and intercept)
## Forced in Forced out
## lcavol FALSE FALSE
## lweight FALSE FALSE
## age FALSE FALSE
## lbph FALSE FALSE
## svi1 FALSE FALSE
## lcp FALSE FALSE
## gleason FALSE FALSE
## pgg45 FALSE FALSE
## 1 subsets of each size up to 8
## Selection Algorithm: forward
## lcavol lweight age lbph svi1 lcp gleason pgg45
## 1 ( 1 ) "*" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 2 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 3 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " " " " "
## 4 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " "*" " "
## 5 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 6 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 7 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" " "
## 8 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*"library(MASS)##
## Attaching package: 'MASS'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## selectforward_stepwise_model <- stepAIC(lm(lpsa ~., data = data_train), direction = "forward", scope = list(upper = ~ .))## Start: AIC=-48.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45summary(forward_stepwise_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp +
## gleason + pgg45, data = data_train)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.53442 -0.28777 0.00292 0.33181 1.67311
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -0.620630 1.440013 -0.431 0.66780
## lcavol 0.572052 0.101614 5.630 3.48e-07 ***
## lweight 0.663773 0.226351 2.932 0.00454 **
## age -0.022536 0.013111 -1.719 0.09006 .
## lbph 0.051403 0.061842 0.831 0.40869
## svi1 0.697150 0.254565 2.739 0.00782 **
## lcp -0.163671 0.097887 -1.672 0.09898 .
## gleason 0.155925 0.167615 0.930 0.35543
## pgg45 0.003089 0.004758 0.649 0.51826
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.696 on 70 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6236, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5806
## F-statistic: 14.5 on 8 and 70 DF, p-value: 3.021e-12Backward
regfit_bwd = regsubsets(lpsa~., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "backward")
summary(regfit_bwd)## Subset selection object
## Call: regsubsets.formula(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train, nvmax = 8, method = "backward")
## 8 Variables (and intercept)
## Forced in Forced out
## lcavol FALSE FALSE
## lweight FALSE FALSE
## age FALSE FALSE
## lbph FALSE FALSE
## svi1 FALSE FALSE
## lcp FALSE FALSE
## gleason FALSE FALSE
## pgg45 FALSE FALSE
## 1 subsets of each size up to 8
## Selection Algorithm: backward
## lcavol lweight age lbph svi1 lcp gleason pgg45
## 1 ( 1 ) "*" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 2 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " " " " " " " " "
## 3 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " " " " "
## 4 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" " " "*" " "
## 5 ( 1 ) "*" "*" " " " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 6 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" " " "*" "*" "*" " "
## 7 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" " "
## 8 ( 1 ) "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*" "*"backward_stepwise_model <- stepAIC(lm(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train), direction = "backward", scope = list(lower = ~ 1))## Start: AIC=-48.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2042 34.109 -50.351
## - lbph 1 0.3346 34.239 -50.049
## - gleason 1 0.4192 34.324 -49.855
## <none> 33.905 -48.825
## - lcp 1 1.3541 35.259 -47.731
## - age 1 1.4310 35.336 -47.559
## - svi 1 3.6326 37.537 -42.785
## - lweight 1 4.1652 38.070 -41.672
## - lcavol 1 15.3506 49.255 -21.322
##
## Step: AIC=-50.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.3053 34.414 -51.647
## <none> 34.109 -50.351
## - lcp 1 1.1697 35.279 -49.687
## - age 1 1.2972 35.406 -49.402
## - gleason 1 1.5373 35.646 -48.868
## - svi 1 3.9609 38.070 -43.672
## - lweight 1 4.1506 38.260 -43.279
## - lcavol 1 15.1464 49.255 -23.322
##
## Step: AIC=-51.65
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.414 -51.647
## - age 1 1.1304 35.545 -51.094
## - lcp 1 1.2636 35.678 -50.798
## - gleason 1 1.7798 36.194 -49.664
## - svi 1 3.7679 38.182 -45.439
## - lweight 1 5.7800 40.194 -41.382
## - lcavol 1 14.9453 49.360 -25.155summary(backward_stepwise_model)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason,
## data = data_train)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.50688 -0.33156 -0.00719 0.38273 1.56979
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -1.52621 1.10764 -1.378 0.172502
## lcavol 0.55960 0.10008 5.592 3.8e-07 ***
## lweight 0.72809 0.20938 3.477 0.000862 ***
## age -0.01951 0.01269 -1.538 0.128469
## svi1 0.69854 0.24880 2.808 0.006417 **
## lcp -0.15176 0.09334 -1.626 0.108337
## gleason 0.24139 0.12510 1.930 0.057591 .
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6914 on 72 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.618, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5861
## F-statistic: 19.41 on 6 and 72 DF, p-value: 2.508e-13# Load Prostate dataset
data(Prostate)
nrow(Prostate) # Check the number of rows## [1] 97sum(!complete.cases(Prostate)) # Check for missing values## [1] 0str(Prostate)## 'data.frame': 97 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ lcavol : num -0.58 -0.994 -0.511 -1.204 0.751 ...
## $ lweight: num 2.77 3.32 2.69 3.28 3.43 ...
## $ age : num 50 58 74 58 62 50 64 58 47 63 ...
## $ lbph : num -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 ...
## $ svi : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ lcp : num -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 -1.39 ...
## $ gleason: num 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 ...
## $ pgg45 : num 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ lpsa : num -0.431 -0.163 -0.163 -0.163 0.372 ...# Inisialisasi vektor untuk menyimpan hasil
best_subset_aic_results <- numeric(100)
forward_aic_results <- numeric(100)
backward_aic_results <- numeric(100)
best_subset_bic_results <- numeric(100)
forward_bic_results <- numeric(100)
backward_bic_results <- numeric(100)
# Lakukan pengulangan sebanyak 100 kali
for (i in 1:100) {
# Pembagian data secara acak pada setiap iterasi
index_train_iter <- sample(1:nrow(Prostate), 0.8 * nrow(Prostate))
data_train_iter <- Prostate[index_train_iter, ]
data_test_iter <- Prostate[-index_train_iter, ]
# Best-Subset Selection
best_subset_model_iter <- regsubsets(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train_iter, nvmax = 8, method = "exhaustive")
selected_vars_best_subset <- names(coef(best_subset_model_iter, id = which.max(summary(best_subset_model_iter)$bic)))
selected_vars_best_subset <- intersect(selected_vars_best_subset, colnames(data_train_iter)) # Ensure selected variables exist in the dataset
lm_best_subset <- lm(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train_iter[, c("lpsa", selected_vars_best_subset)])
best_subset_aic_results[i] <- AIC(lm_best_subset)
best_subset_bic_results[i] <- BIC(lm_best_subset)
# Forward Stepwise
forward_model_iter <- stepAIC(lm(lpsa ~ 1, data = data_train_iter), direction = "forward", scope = list(upper = ~ .))
forward_aic_results[i] <- AIC(forward_model_iter)
forward_bic_results[i] <- BIC(forward_model_iter)
# Backward Stepwise
backward_model_iter <- stepAIC(lm(lpsa ~ ., data = data_train_iter), direction = "backward")
backward_aic_results[i] <- AIC(backward_model_iter)
backward_bic_results[i] <- BIC(backward_model_iter)
}## Start: AIC=20.54
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-59.44
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1137 28.280 -61.126
## - lcp 1 0.5291 28.696 -60.003
## - pgg45 1 0.6857 28.852 -59.584
## <none> 28.167 -59.437
## - age 1 1.1574 29.324 -58.336
## - lbph 1 1.4313 29.598 -57.620
## - svi 1 3.3390 31.506 -52.810
## - lweight 1 3.8043 31.971 -51.681
## - lcavol 1 17.8560 46.023 -23.630
##
## Step: AIC=-61.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5103 28.791 -61.749
## <none> 28.280 -61.126
## - age 1 1.1007 29.381 -60.186
## - lbph 1 1.4651 29.745 -59.237
## - pgg45 1 1.6580 29.938 -58.739
## - svi 1 3.2781 31.558 -54.681
## - lweight 1 3.6962 31.977 -53.668
## - lcavol 1 18.3694 46.650 -24.588
##
## Step: AIC=-61.75
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 28.791 -61.749
## - age 1 0.9556 29.746 -61.235
## - pgg45 1 1.2465 30.037 -60.485
## - lbph 1 1.6338 30.424 -59.499
## - svi 1 2.7800 31.571 -56.652
## - lweight 1 3.5625 32.353 -54.766
## - lcavol 1 19.0494 47.840 -24.648
## Start: AIC=15.3
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-48.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0136 32.281 -50.938
## - age 1 0.1179 32.385 -50.689
## - lcp 1 0.2812 32.549 -50.302
## - lbph 1 0.6294 32.897 -49.483
## <none> 32.268 -48.970
## - pgg45 1 1.0283 33.296 -48.555
## - svi 1 1.8571 34.125 -46.661
## - lweight 1 3.5102 35.778 -43.019
## - lcavol 1 14.3169 46.584 -22.695
##
## Step: AIC=-50.94
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.1281 32.409 -52.633
## - lcp 1 0.2913 32.572 -52.246
## - lbph 1 0.6440 32.925 -51.417
## <none> 32.281 -50.938
## - pgg45 1 1.4831 33.764 -49.479
## - svi 1 2.0384 34.320 -48.223
## - lweight 1 3.5733 35.854 -44.854
## - lcavol 1 14.4986 46.780 -24.373
##
## Step: AIC=-52.63
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2259 32.635 -54.098
## - lbph 1 0.5748 32.984 -53.279
## <none> 32.409 -52.633
## - pgg45 1 1.3717 33.781 -51.441
## - svi 1 1.9621 34.371 -50.107
## - lweight 1 3.4462 35.856 -46.852
## - lcavol 1 14.9856 47.395 -25.367
##
## Step: AIC=-54.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5689 33.204 -54.767
## <none> 32.635 -54.098
## - pgg45 1 1.1461 33.781 -53.440
## - svi 1 1.7634 34.399 -52.046
## - lweight 1 3.5824 36.218 -48.078
## - lcavol 1 17.4416 50.077 -23.129
##
## Step: AIC=-54.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.204 -54.767
## - pgg45 1 1.2754 34.479 -53.865
## - svi 1 1.4713 34.675 -53.429
## - lweight 1 6.3808 39.585 -43.233
## - lcavol 1 18.0969 51.301 -23.269
## Start: AIC=22.91
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-57.16
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0524 29.066 -59.017
## - pgg45 1 0.0607 29.074 -58.995
## - gleason 1 0.2235 29.237 -58.565
## <none> 29.013 -57.156
## - age 1 1.4556 30.469 -55.386
## - lbph 1 1.7080 30.721 -54.751
## - lweight 1 2.0607 31.074 -53.872
## - svi 1 2.1958 31.209 -53.538
## - lcavol 1 18.5207 47.534 -21.142
##
## Step: AIC=-59.02
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0335 29.099 -60.928
## - gleason 1 0.2100 29.276 -60.462
## <none> 29.066 -59.017
## - age 1 1.4037 30.469 -57.385
## - lbph 1 1.6746 30.740 -56.703
## - lweight 1 2.0544 31.120 -55.758
## - svi 1 2.4387 31.504 -54.813
## - lcavol 1 20.5687 49.635 -19.812
##
## Step: AIC=-60.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.5402 29.639 -61.512
## <none> 29.099 -60.928
## - age 1 1.3746 30.474 -59.374
## - lbph 1 1.6910 30.790 -58.579
## - lweight 1 2.0656 31.165 -57.647
## - svi 1 2.8612 31.960 -55.706
## - lcavol 1 20.5352 49.635 -21.812
##
## Step: AIC=-61.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 29.639 -61.512
## - age 1 1.1104 30.750 -60.680
## - lweight 1 1.7182 31.358 -59.173
## - lbph 1 1.8772 31.517 -58.783
## - svi 1 3.1293 32.769 -55.783
## - lcavol 1 24.9413 54.581 -16.497
## Start: AIC=28.22
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1136 34.373 -46.103
## - gleason 1 0.2554 34.515 -45.786
## - lcp 1 0.5585 34.818 -45.112
## <none> 34.260 -44.358
## - age 1 1.8525 36.112 -42.303
## - lweight 1 2.0470 36.307 -41.889
## - lbph 1 2.7543 37.014 -40.403
## - svi 1 5.4394 39.699 -35.011
## - lcavol 1 18.4978 52.757 -13.114
##
## Step: AIC=-46.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4598 34.833 -47.080
## - gleason 1 0.8847 35.258 -46.146
## <none> 34.373 -46.103
## - age 1 1.7638 36.137 -44.250
## - lweight 1 2.0092 36.382 -43.728
## - lbph 1 2.7611 37.134 -42.154
## - svi 1 6.0863 40.459 -35.550
## - lcavol 1 18.6059 52.979 -14.791
##
## Step: AIC=-47.08
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.5861 35.419 -47.795
## <none> 34.833 -47.080
## - age 1 1.5219 36.355 -45.787
## - lweight 1 2.0400 36.873 -44.697
## - lbph 1 2.6830 37.516 -43.366
## - svi 1 5.9961 40.829 -36.850
## - lcavol 1 19.9771 54.810 -14.175
##
## Step: AIC=-47.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.419 -47.795
## - age 1 1.2075 36.626 -47.214
## - lweight 1 1.6975 37.116 -46.190
## - lbph 1 2.9291 38.348 -43.677
## - svi 1 6.5197 41.939 -36.785
## - lcavol 1 23.9093 59.328 -10.075
## Start: AIC=10.13
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-50.91
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0210 31.484 -52.862
## - age 1 0.3846 31.848 -51.978
## <none> 31.463 -50.914
## - pgg45 1 1.5051 32.968 -49.316
## - lbph 1 1.6971 33.160 -48.869
## - lcp 1 1.8787 33.342 -48.448
## - svi 1 3.3638 34.827 -45.093
## - lweight 1 3.4003 34.864 -45.012
## - lcavol 1 17.2649 48.728 -19.231
##
## Step: AIC=-52.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4200 31.904 -53.842
## <none> 31.484 -52.862
## - lbph 1 1.6967 33.181 -50.821
## - lcp 1 1.8641 33.348 -50.433
## - pgg45 1 2.2482 33.733 -49.551
## - svi 1 3.3617 34.846 -47.051
## - lweight 1 3.4825 34.967 -46.784
## - lcavol 1 17.3139 48.798 -21.121
##
## Step: AIC=-53.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 31.904 -53.842
## - lbph 1 1.4741 33.378 -52.364
## - lcp 1 1.7256 33.630 -51.786
## - pgg45 1 1.9734 33.878 -51.221
## - lweight 1 3.1883 35.093 -48.508
## - svi 1 3.3275 35.232 -48.203
## - lcavol 1 17.0290 48.933 -22.908
## Start: AIC=28
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-48.73
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3242 32.691 -49.966
## - lbph 1 0.3982 32.765 -49.792
## - gleason 1 0.4865 32.853 -49.585
## - lcp 1 0.6714 33.038 -49.153
## - age 1 0.7506 33.118 -48.968
## <none> 32.367 -48.733
## - lweight 1 3.4253 35.792 -42.988
## - svi 1 4.3424 36.709 -41.040
## - lcavol 1 19.8444 52.211 -13.915
##
## Step: AIC=-49.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4040 33.095 -51.020
## - lcp 1 0.4623 33.153 -50.885
## - age 1 0.6252 33.316 -50.507
## <none> 32.691 -49.966
## - gleason 1 1.5738 34.265 -48.346
## - lweight 1 3.4954 36.187 -44.144
## - svi 1 4.5795 37.271 -41.871
## - lcavol 1 19.5203 52.211 -15.915
##
## Step: AIC=-51.02
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4204 33.516 -52.048
## - age 1 0.4399 33.535 -52.004
## <none> 33.095 -51.020
## - gleason 1 1.5679 34.663 -49.456
## - svi 1 4.2758 37.371 -43.664
## - lweight 1 5.0002 38.095 -42.186
## - lcavol 1 19.2887 52.384 -17.661
##
## Step: AIC=-52.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3702 33.886 -53.203
## <none> 33.516 -52.048
## - gleason 1 1.2064 34.722 -51.325
## - svi 1 4.0403 37.556 -45.284
## - lweight 1 4.9117 38.427 -43.518
## - lcavol 1 20.3492 53.865 -17.514
##
## Step: AIC=-53.2
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.886 -53.203
## - gleason 1 0.9501 34.836 -53.073
## - svi 1 3.9766 37.862 -46.658
## - lweight 1 4.5418 38.428 -45.517
## - lcavol 1 20.5498 54.435 -18.703
## Start: AIC=17.86
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0233 33.113 -48.980
## - gleason 1 0.5242 33.614 -47.823
## - lcp 1 0.6289 33.718 -47.584
## - lbph 1 0.7251 33.814 -47.365
## <none> 33.089 -47.034
## - age 1 1.4021 34.491 -45.838
## - lweight 1 3.4104 36.500 -41.481
## - svi 1 6.4432 39.532 -35.335
## - lcavol 1 10.9890 44.078 -26.953
##
## Step: AIC=-48.98
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6128 33.725 -49.568
## - lbph 1 0.7342 33.847 -49.291
## <none> 33.113 -48.980
## - gleason 1 1.1021 34.215 -48.459
## - age 1 1.3790 34.492 -47.838
## - lweight 1 3.3921 36.505 -43.470
## - svi 1 6.8030 39.916 -36.592
## - lcavol 1 10.9854 44.098 -28.919
##
## Step: AIC=-49.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.7257 34.451 -49.928
## - lbph 1 0.7515 34.477 -49.871
## <none> 33.725 -49.568
## - age 1 1.2667 34.992 -48.728
## - lweight 1 3.4125 37.138 -44.146
## - svi 1 6.4925 40.218 -38.011
## - lcavol 1 10.8332 44.559 -30.119
##
## Step: AIC=-49.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.8204 35.272 -50.116
## - age 1 0.9053 35.356 -49.931
## <none> 34.451 -49.928
## - lweight 1 3.1540 37.605 -45.183
## - svi 1 6.5930 41.044 -38.445
## - lcavol 1 14.2512 48.702 -25.272
##
## Step: AIC=-50.12
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5873 35.859 -50.845
## <none> 35.272 -50.116
## - lweight 1 5.2568 40.528 -41.419
## - svi 1 5.9863 41.258 -40.045
## - lcavol 1 14.0714 49.343 -26.266
##
## Step: AIC=-50.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.859 -50.845
## - lweight 1 4.6858 40.545 -43.388
## - svi 1 5.9975 41.856 -40.936
## - lcavol 1 13.5203 49.379 -28.209
## Start: AIC=27.71
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-39.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4072 36.740 -40.974
## - pgg45 1 0.4650 36.798 -40.853
## - gleason 1 0.5318 36.865 -40.714
## <none> 36.333 -39.833
## - age 1 1.0093 37.343 -39.723
## - lbph 1 1.3684 37.702 -38.986
## - lweight 1 3.0974 39.431 -35.533
## - svi 1 4.0779 40.411 -33.642
## - lcavol 1 15.8749 52.208 -13.920
##
## Step: AIC=-40.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2734 37.014 -42.404
## - gleason 1 0.5057 37.246 -41.922
## - age 1 0.8328 37.573 -41.249
## <none> 36.740 -40.974
## - lbph 1 1.3027 38.043 -40.292
## - lweight 1 3.1386 39.879 -36.663
## - svi 1 3.7486 40.489 -35.494
## - lcavol 1 17.4571 54.198 -13.040
##
## Step: AIC=-42.4
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7896 37.803 -42.778
## <none> 37.014 -42.404
## - lbph 1 1.6261 38.640 -41.093
## - gleason 1 1.6458 38.660 -41.054
## - lweight 1 3.0222 40.036 -38.360
## - svi 1 4.9119 41.926 -34.809
## - lcavol 1 17.4925 54.506 -14.603
##
## Step: AIC=-42.78
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.803 -42.778
## - lbph 1 1.1652 38.969 -42.441
## - gleason 1 1.3507 39.154 -42.075
## - lweight 1 2.4320 40.235 -39.977
## - svi 1 4.8406 42.644 -35.501
## - lcavol 1 16.9369 54.740 -16.273
## Start: AIC=22.11
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.65
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0124 33.704 -47.617
## - lcp 1 0.0789 33.770 -47.465
## - pgg45 1 0.0932 33.785 -47.432
## <none> 33.692 -45.645
## - age 1 1.1655 34.857 -45.026
## - lbph 1 1.6187 35.310 -44.032
## - lweight 1 3.8021 37.494 -39.412
## - svi 1 6.4203 40.112 -34.214
## - lcavol 1 12.0751 45.767 -24.059
##
## Step: AIC=-47.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0753 33.779 -49.445
## - pgg45 1 0.1772 33.881 -49.213
## <none> 33.704 -47.617
## - age 1 1.1589 34.863 -47.013
## - lbph 1 1.6677 35.372 -45.898
## - lweight 1 3.7904 37.494 -41.410
## - svi 1 6.4081 40.112 -36.214
## - lcavol 1 12.7082 46.412 -24.981
##
## Step: AIC=-49.44
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1080 33.887 -51.199
## <none> 33.779 -49.445
## - age 1 1.0952 34.874 -48.988
## - lbph 1 1.7314 35.511 -47.596
## - lweight 1 3.7772 37.556 -43.283
## - svi 1 6.6657 40.445 -37.577
## - lcavol 1 15.4108 49.190 -22.505
##
## Step: AIC=-51.2
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.887 -51.199
## - age 1 1.0089 34.896 -50.940
## - lbph 1 1.8910 35.778 -49.018
## - lweight 1 3.7036 37.591 -45.212
## - svi 1 8.6661 42.553 -35.664
## - lcavol 1 16.9023 50.790 -22.041
## Start: AIC=20.98
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-53.39
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0699 30.538 -55.213
## <none> 30.468 -53.390
## - pgg45 1 1.0756 31.543 -52.718
## - lcp 1 1.1915 31.659 -52.436
## - age 1 1.4853 31.953 -51.724
## - lbph 1 2.0759 32.544 -50.314
## - lweight 1 3.0829 33.551 -47.968
## - svi 1 3.2677 33.735 -47.545
## - lcavol 1 22.6627 53.130 -12.571
##
## Step: AIC=-55.21
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 30.538 -55.213
## - lcp 1 1.1612 31.699 -54.340
## - pgg45 1 1.2856 31.823 -54.038
## - age 1 1.5718 32.109 -53.349
## - lbph 1 2.0361 32.574 -52.243
## - svi 1 3.2584 33.796 -49.406
## - lweight 1 3.3356 33.873 -49.231
## - lcavol 1 22.7334 53.271 -14.368
## Start: AIC=12.21
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.87
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0058 31.897 -51.859
## - gleason 1 0.1933 32.085 -51.408
## - lcp 1 0.4718 32.363 -50.742
## - lbph 1 0.7069 32.598 -50.185
## <none> 31.891 -49.873
## - age 1 1.8673 33.759 -47.492
## - svi 1 3.1274 35.019 -44.670
## - lweight 1 3.2123 35.104 -44.484
## - lcavol 1 16.4765 48.368 -19.803
##
## Step: AIC=-51.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.4193 32.316 -52.854
## - lcp 1 0.4834 32.380 -52.701
## - lbph 1 0.7027 32.600 -52.181
## <none> 31.897 -51.859
## - age 1 1.8900 33.787 -49.427
## - svi 1 3.1952 35.092 -46.508
## - lweight 1 3.2112 35.108 -46.473
## - lcavol 1 16.6398 48.537 -21.534
##
## Step: AIC=-52.85
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2448 32.561 -54.273
## - lbph 1 0.7977 33.114 -52.976
## <none> 32.316 -52.854
## - age 1 1.6051 33.922 -51.121
## - lweight 1 2.9157 35.232 -48.202
## - svi 1 3.1233 35.440 -47.750
## - lcavol 1 16.9146 49.231 -22.441
##
## Step: AIC=-54.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.7752 33.336 -54.461
## <none> 32.561 -54.273
## - age 1 1.5520 34.113 -52.687
## - svi 1 2.9537 35.515 -49.587
## - lweight 1 3.0334 35.595 -49.414
## - lcavol 1 21.1239 53.685 -17.772
##
## Step: AIC=-54.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.336 -54.461
## - age 1 1.1036 34.440 -53.953
## - svi 1 2.5991 35.936 -50.680
## - lweight 1 4.8071 38.143 -46.089
## - lcavol 1 21.3134 54.650 -18.400
## Start: AIC=27.65
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-53.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1010 30.476 -55.369
## - gleason 1 0.2863 30.661 -54.902
## - lcp 1 0.3088 30.684 -54.845
## <none> 30.375 -53.624
## - age 1 1.1110 31.486 -52.858
## - lbph 1 1.9220 32.297 -50.900
## - lweight 1 2.9370 33.312 -48.517
## - svi 1 3.4817 33.857 -47.269
## - lcavol 1 22.2396 52.615 -13.323
##
## Step: AIC=-55.37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2273 30.703 -56.797
## <none> 30.476 -55.369
## - gleason 1 0.9080 31.384 -55.108
## - age 1 1.0430 31.519 -54.778
## - lbph 1 1.8784 32.354 -52.763
## - lweight 1 2.9637 33.440 -50.223
## - svi 1 3.5409 34.017 -48.905
## - lcavol 1 22.1999 52.676 -15.233
##
## Step: AIC=-56.8
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.7080 31.411 -57.041
## <none> 30.703 -56.797
## - age 1 0.9497 31.653 -56.451
## - lbph 1 1.7259 32.429 -54.585
## - lweight 1 3.0349 33.738 -51.539
## - svi 1 3.8571 34.560 -49.685
## - lcavol 1 25.9237 56.627 -11.664
##
## Step: AIC=-57.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.651 32.063 -57.461
## <none> 31.411 -57.041
## - lbph 1 1.787 33.198 -54.780
## - lweight 1 2.636 34.047 -52.837
## - svi 1 4.192 35.603 -49.395
## - lcavol 1 32.182 63.593 -4.730
##
## Step: AIC=-57.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 32.063 -57.461
## - lbph 1 1.3521 33.415 -56.280
## - lweight 1 2.4199 34.483 -53.858
## - svi 1 4.1439 36.207 -50.101
## - lcavol 1 31.6164 63.679 -6.626
## Start: AIC=27.79
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.32
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0215 32.988 -49.271
## - age 1 0.3693 33.335 -48.463
## - lcp 1 0.6939 33.660 -47.717
## <none> 32.966 -47.321
## - pgg45 1 1.0358 34.002 -46.939
## - lbph 1 1.2534 34.220 -46.448
## - lweight 1 3.4150 36.381 -41.731
## - svi 1 3.6760 36.642 -41.181
## - lcavol 1 20.7471 53.713 -11.731
##
## Step: AIC=-49.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3926 33.380 -50.360
## - lcp 1 0.6962 33.684 -49.662
## <none> 32.988 -49.271
## - lbph 1 1.2492 34.237 -48.409
## - pgg45 1 1.4155 34.403 -48.036
## - lweight 1 3.4830 36.471 -43.542
## - svi 1 3.7723 36.760 -42.933
## - lcavol 1 21.1712 54.159 -13.095
##
## Step: AIC=-50.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6707 34.051 -50.828
## <none> 33.380 -50.360
## - lbph 1 1.0392 34.420 -49.999
## - pgg45 1 1.2020 34.582 -49.636
## - lweight 1 3.2651 36.645 -45.174
## - svi 1 3.7364 37.117 -44.190
## - lcavol 1 20.8118 54.192 -15.048
##
## Step: AIC=-50.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7001 34.751 -51.261
## <none> 34.051 -50.828
## - lbph 1 1.0733 35.124 -50.438
## - svi 1 3.0659 37.117 -46.189
## - lweight 1 3.2030 37.254 -45.906
## - lcavol 1 21.5376 55.589 -15.089
##
## Step: AIC=-51.26
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.751 -51.261
## - lbph 1 1.4981 36.249 -50.011
## - lweight 1 2.8623 37.613 -47.166
## - svi 1 5.2792 40.030 -42.371
## - lcavol 1 23.9154 58.666 -12.939
## Start: AIC=12.85
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0155 33.872 -47.233
## - lbph 1 0.4763 34.333 -46.193
## - pgg45 1 0.7564 34.613 -45.567
## - age 1 0.7928 34.649 -45.486
## - lcp 1 0.8672 34.724 -45.321
## <none> 33.857 -45.269
## - lweight 1 3.1074 36.964 -40.507
## - svi 1 3.5451 37.402 -39.601
## - lcavol 1 12.9412 46.798 -22.344
##
## Step: AIC=-47.23
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5206 34.393 -48.059
## - age 1 0.7809 34.653 -47.478
## - lcp 1 0.8526 34.725 -47.319
## <none> 33.872 -47.233
## - pgg45 1 1.1792 35.051 -46.598
## - lweight 1 3.1185 36.991 -42.452
## - svi 1 3.5350 37.407 -41.590
## - lcavol 1 13.1145 46.987 -24.033
##
## Step: AIC=-48.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5583 34.951 -48.819
## - lcp 1 0.8958 35.289 -48.079
## <none> 34.393 -48.059
## - pgg45 1 1.4953 35.888 -46.782
## - svi 1 3.1191 37.512 -43.374
## - lweight 1 4.5293 38.922 -40.533
## - lcavol 1 13.0200 47.413 -25.338
##
## Step: AIC=-48.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.7351 35.686 -49.216
## <none> 34.951 -48.819
## - pgg45 1 1.2012 36.152 -48.217
## - svi 1 2.9776 37.929 -44.524
## - lweight 1 3.9887 38.940 -42.498
## - lcavol 1 12.4621 47.413 -27.338
##
## Step: AIC=-49.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5804 36.267 -49.974
## <none> 35.686 -49.216
## - svi 1 2.3366 38.023 -46.333
## - lweight 1 4.1686 39.855 -42.709
## - lcavol 1 12.4787 48.165 -28.127
##
## Step: AIC=-49.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.267 -49.974
## - svi 1 3.8378 40.104 -44.229
## - lweight 1 4.2847 40.551 -43.375
## - lcavol 1 14.7561 51.023 -25.688
## Start: AIC=24.25
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.12
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0263 34.390 -46.066
## - pgg45 1 0.2446 34.608 -45.579
## - lcp 1 0.5851 34.948 -44.825
## - lweight 1 0.7814 35.145 -44.393
## <none> 34.363 -44.125
## - age 1 1.7124 36.076 -42.380
## - lbph 1 3.1046 37.468 -39.465
## - svi 1 3.7503 38.114 -38.149
## - lcavol 1 21.3973 55.761 -8.851
##
## Step: AIC=-46.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5748 34.964 -46.790
## - pgg45 1 0.5942 34.984 -46.747
## - lweight 1 0.7582 35.148 -46.387
## <none> 34.390 -46.066
## - age 1 1.6863 36.076 -44.380
## - lbph 1 3.1252 37.515 -41.368
## - svi 1 3.7599 38.149 -40.077
## - lcavol 1 22.4304 56.820 -9.402
##
## Step: AIC=-46.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2427 35.207 -48.257
## - lweight 1 0.7608 35.725 -47.132
## <none> 34.964 -46.790
## - age 1 1.4299 36.394 -45.703
## - lbph 1 3.0329 37.997 -42.384
## - svi 1 3.1867 38.151 -42.073
## - lcavol 1 24.2430 59.207 -8.232
##
## Step: AIC=-48.26
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lweight 1 0.6694 35.876 -48.807
## <none> 35.207 -48.257
## - age 1 1.2489 36.456 -47.573
## - lbph 1 3.2521 38.459 -43.454
## - svi 1 4.1875 39.395 -41.604
## - lcavol 1 25.9336 61.141 -7.758
##
## Step: AIC=-48.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.876 -48.807
## - age 1 0.9773 36.854 -48.737
## - svi 1 4.4026 40.279 -41.894
## - lbph 1 5.0469 40.923 -40.672
## - lcavol 1 26.4868 62.363 -8.234
## Start: AIC=1.58
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-43.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.0044 34.643 -45.501
## - gleason 1 0.0464 34.685 -45.407
## - lbph 1 0.1982 34.837 -45.071
## - pgg45 1 0.3699 35.008 -44.693
## - lcp 1 0.4566 35.095 -44.502
## <none> 34.639 -43.510
## - lweight 1 2.3535 36.992 -40.449
## - svi 1 2.7827 37.421 -39.561
## - lcavol 1 12.1960 46.835 -22.283
##
## Step: AIC=-45.5
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0447 34.688 -47.401
## - lbph 1 0.1969 34.840 -47.064
## - pgg45 1 0.3655 35.008 -46.693
## - lcp 1 0.4525 35.096 -46.501
## <none> 34.643 -45.501
## - lweight 1 2.4445 37.087 -42.250
## - svi 1 2.8054 37.448 -41.505
## - lcavol 1 12.7381 47.381 -23.390
##
## Step: AIC=-47.4
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.1938 34.882 -48.972
## - lcp 1 0.4443 35.132 -48.421
## <none> 34.688 -47.401
## - pgg45 1 0.9868 35.674 -47.241
## - lweight 1 2.4381 37.126 -44.171
## - svi 1 2.7643 37.452 -43.497
## - lcavol 1 13.3514 48.039 -24.328
##
## Step: AIC=-48.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4255 35.307 -50.039
## <none> 34.882 -48.972
## - pgg45 1 1.1600 36.042 -48.453
## - svi 1 2.6141 37.496 -45.408
## - lweight 1 4.1816 39.063 -42.254
## - lcavol 1 13.1837 48.065 -26.286
##
## Step: AIC=-50.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7480 36.055 -50.424
## <none> 35.307 -50.039
## - svi 1 2.1944 37.502 -47.396
## - lweight 1 4.2161 39.523 -43.353
## - lcavol 1 13.5320 48.839 -27.056
##
## Step: AIC=-50.42
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.055 -50.424
## - svi 1 3.1968 39.252 -45.883
## - lweight 1 3.9166 39.972 -44.484
## - lcavol 1 16.6280 52.683 -23.222
## Start: AIC=6.58
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0301 34.069 -46.788
## - pgg45 1 0.5139 34.552 -45.702
## - lbph 1 0.5597 34.598 -45.600
## - lcp 1 0.6644 34.703 -45.368
## <none> 34.039 -44.856
## - age 1 1.4978 35.536 -43.540
## - lweight 1 2.5120 36.550 -41.374
## - svi 1 3.7482 37.787 -38.812
## - lcavol 1 11.1473 45.186 -25.043
##
## Step: AIC=-46.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5605 34.629 -47.532
## - lcp 1 0.6661 34.735 -47.297
## <none> 34.069 -46.788
## - pgg45 1 1.0309 35.099 -46.493
## - age 1 1.4707 35.539 -45.534
## - lweight 1 2.4841 36.553 -43.369
## - svi 1 3.7188 37.787 -40.811
## - lcavol 1 11.8395 45.908 -25.822
##
## Step: AIC=-47.53
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6561 35.285 -48.086
## <none> 34.629 -47.532
## - age 1 1.0951 35.724 -47.134
## - pgg45 1 1.1859 35.815 -46.939
## - svi 1 3.2465 37.876 -42.631
## - lweight 1 4.0730 38.702 -40.969
## - lcavol 1 11.8736 46.503 -26.831
##
## Step: AIC=-48.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6426 35.928 -48.697
## - age 1 0.8455 36.131 -48.263
## <none> 35.285 -48.086
## - svi 1 2.6175 37.903 -44.576
## - lweight 1 3.9135 39.199 -41.988
## - lcavol 1 12.2505 47.536 -27.139
##
## Step: AIC=-48.7
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5769 36.505 -49.470
## <none> 35.928 -48.697
## - svi 1 3.5940 39.522 -43.355
## - lweight 1 3.6136 39.541 -43.317
## - lcavol 1 14.4609 50.389 -24.651
##
## Step: AIC=-49.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.505 -49.470
## - lweight 1 3.1212 39.626 -45.153
## - svi 1 3.5515 40.056 -44.321
## - lcavol 1 14.1337 50.638 -26.270
## Start: AIC=10.55
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-50.15
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0774 31.854 -51.964
## - lbph 1 0.5725 32.349 -50.776
## <none> 31.776 -50.151
## - lcp 1 1.1204 32.897 -49.483
## - pgg45 1 1.5649 33.341 -48.450
## - age 1 1.7111 33.487 -48.113
## - lweight 1 2.7754 34.552 -45.704
## - svi 1 3.1422 34.919 -44.891
## - lcavol 1 15.0218 46.798 -22.343
##
## Step: AIC=-51.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5480 32.402 -52.651
## <none> 31.854 -51.964
## - lcp 1 1.1463 33.000 -51.242
## - age 1 1.8153 33.669 -49.696
## - pgg45 1 2.0038 33.858 -49.267
## - lweight 1 2.9909 34.845 -47.054
## - svi 1 3.2710 35.125 -46.437
## - lcavol 1 14.9473 46.801 -24.338
##
## Step: AIC=-52.65
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 32.402 -52.651
## - lcp 1 1.1265 33.528 -52.019
## - age 1 1.4938 33.896 -51.180
## - pgg45 1 2.0985 34.500 -49.819
## - svi 1 2.9670 35.369 -47.904
## - lweight 1 4.4963 36.898 -44.645
## - lcavol 1 14.6399 47.042 -25.943
## Start: AIC=22.69
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-41.28
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0616 35.720 -43.144
## - lcp 1 0.2405 35.899 -42.759
## - pgg45 1 0.3147 35.973 -42.600
## - lbph 1 0.3648 36.023 -42.493
## - age 1 0.7364 36.394 -41.703
## <none> 35.658 -41.277
## - lweight 1 2.1448 37.803 -38.779
## - svi 1 3.1231 38.781 -36.812
## - lcavol 1 17.2739 52.932 -12.859
##
## Step: AIC=-43.14
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2661 35.986 -44.572
## - lcp 1 0.2764 35.996 -44.551
## - lbph 1 0.3861 36.106 -44.316
## - age 1 0.7879 36.508 -43.464
## <none> 35.720 -43.144
## - lweight 1 2.2640 37.984 -40.412
## - svi 1 3.5380 39.258 -37.872
## - lcavol 1 17.8438 53.563 -13.946
##
## Step: AIC=-44.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1130 36.099 -46.331
## - lbph 1 0.3986 36.384 -45.724
## - age 1 0.5987 36.584 -45.302
## <none> 35.986 -44.572
## - lweight 1 2.0639 38.050 -42.278
## - svi 1 3.6028 39.589 -39.225
## - lcavol 1 18.1303 54.116 -15.156
##
## Step: AIC=-46.33
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.3940 36.493 -47.495
## - age 1 0.6188 36.718 -47.022
## <none> 36.099 -46.331
## - lweight 1 2.1074 38.206 -43.962
## - svi 1 3.9108 40.010 -40.411
## - lcavol 1 22.5677 58.667 -10.939
##
## Step: AIC=-47.5
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3999 36.893 -48.656
## <none> 36.493 -47.495
## - lweight 1 3.0877 39.580 -43.241
## - svi 1 3.5563 40.049 -42.335
## - lcavol 1 22.7994 59.292 -12.122
##
## Step: AIC=-48.66
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.893 -48.656
## - lweight 1 2.7176 39.610 -45.183
## - svi 1 3.5084 40.401 -43.661
## - lcavol 1 22.4012 59.294 -14.120
## Start: AIC=16.21
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.88
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1511 33.739 -47.536
## - gleason 1 0.1575 33.746 -47.522
## - lcp 1 0.3026 33.891 -47.191
## - age 1 0.3256 33.914 -47.139
## - lbph 1 0.7832 34.371 -46.107
## <none> 33.588 -45.882
## - lweight 1 2.2927 35.881 -42.797
## - svi 1 2.4253 36.013 -42.513
## - lcavol 1 16.1606 49.749 -17.635
##
## Step: AIC=-47.54
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1938 33.933 -49.095
## - age 1 0.2778 34.017 -48.905
## - gleason 1 0.6393 34.378 -48.091
## - lbph 1 0.7304 34.470 -47.887
## <none> 33.739 -47.536
## - lweight 1 2.3007 36.040 -44.457
## - svi 1 2.4868 36.226 -44.060
## - lcavol 1 16.0166 49.756 -19.624
##
## Step: AIC=-49.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.2355 34.168 -50.563
## - gleason 1 0.4770 34.410 -50.020
## - lbph 1 0.7126 34.646 -49.495
## <none> 33.933 -49.095
## - lweight 1 2.2964 36.229 -46.053
## - svi 1 2.3551 36.288 -45.928
## - lcavol 1 17.2973 51.230 -19.376
##
## Step: AIC=-50.56
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.3470 34.515 -51.785
## - lbph 1 0.5223 34.691 -51.395
## <none> 34.168 -50.563
## - lweight 1 2.0910 36.259 -47.989
## - svi 1 2.2940 36.462 -47.559
## - lcavol 1 17.1161 51.284 -21.294
##
## Step: AIC=-51.78
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5895 35.105 -52.481
## <none> 34.515 -51.785
## - lweight 1 1.9506 36.466 -49.552
## - svi 1 2.3091 36.824 -48.798
## - lcavol 1 24.4524 58.968 -12.545
##
## Step: AIC=-52.48
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.105 -52.481
## - svi 1 1.8788 36.984 -50.466
## - lweight 1 3.7539 38.859 -46.658
## - lcavol 1 25.4353 60.540 -12.518
## Start: AIC=23.12
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0385 33.958 -47.038
## - lcp 1 0.7894 34.709 -45.354
## <none> 33.920 -45.125
## - pgg45 1 1.6197 35.540 -43.533
## - lbph 1 2.2013 36.121 -42.283
## - lweight 1 2.4116 36.331 -41.837
## - age 1 2.8439 36.764 -40.926
## - svi 1 3.9616 37.881 -38.620
## - lcavol 1 15.8854 49.805 -17.548
##
## Step: AIC=-47.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.7702 34.728 -47.311
## <none> 33.958 -47.038
## - lbph 1 2.1955 36.154 -44.214
## - pgg45 1 2.2341 36.192 -44.132
## - lweight 1 2.4667 36.425 -43.638
## - age 1 2.8407 36.799 -42.852
## - svi 1 4.0263 37.985 -40.410
## - lcavol 1 16.6014 50.560 -18.390
##
## Step: AIC=-47.31
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.728 -47.311
## - pgg45 1 1.4662 36.195 -46.127
## - lbph 1 2.0752 36.804 -44.842
## - age 1 2.2295 36.958 -44.520
## - lweight 1 2.3377 37.066 -44.295
## - svi 1 3.2614 37.990 -42.399
## - lcavol 1 17.3438 52.072 -18.120
## Start: AIC=30.4
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1811 32.956 -49.346
## - pgg45 1 0.2455 33.020 -49.195
## - lcp 1 0.6214 33.396 -48.324
## <none> 32.774 -47.770
## - lbph 1 1.7163 34.491 -45.840
## - age 1 2.4394 35.214 -44.242
## - svi 1 5.4271 38.202 -37.972
## - lweight 1 5.4803 38.255 -37.864
## - lcavol 1 15.1310 47.905 -20.542
##
## Step: AIC=-49.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5644 33.520 -50.038
## <none> 32.956 -49.346
## - pgg45 1 0.8827 33.838 -49.311
## - lbph 1 1.7979 34.753 -47.256
## - age 1 2.3408 35.296 -46.062
## - svi 1 5.2933 38.249 -39.876
## - lweight 1 5.3023 38.258 -39.858
## - lcavol 1 15.9328 48.888 -20.979
##
## Step: AIC=-50.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4588 33.979 -50.991
## <none> 33.520 -50.038
## - lbph 1 1.7074 35.227 -48.213
## - age 1 1.9529 35.473 -47.678
## - svi 1 4.7299 38.250 -41.874
## - lweight 1 5.1644 38.684 -41.005
## - lcavol 1 17.0009 50.521 -20.449
##
## Step: AIC=-50.99
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.979 -50.991
## - age 1 1.6729 35.652 -49.291
## - lbph 1 1.9906 35.969 -48.608
## - lweight 1 5.0302 39.009 -42.361
## - svi 1 6.8737 40.852 -38.806
## - lcavol 1 17.7899 51.769 -20.571
## Start: AIC=19.67
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.78
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0395 35.931 -42.691
## - gleason 1 0.0537 35.945 -42.660
## - pgg45 1 0.1032 35.994 -42.554
## <none> 35.891 -40.775
## - lbph 1 1.0822 36.973 -40.488
## - lweight 1 1.7334 37.624 -39.144
## - age 1 2.0781 37.969 -38.441
## - svi 1 2.5567 38.448 -37.477
## - lcavol 1 15.1835 51.075 -15.610
##
## Step: AIC=-42.69
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0388 35.969 -44.607
## - pgg45 1 0.0764 36.007 -44.527
## <none> 35.931 -42.691
## - lbph 1 1.0516 36.982 -42.469
## - lweight 1 1.7581 37.689 -41.012
## - age 1 2.0433 37.974 -40.432
## - svi 1 3.1371 39.068 -38.245
## - lcavol 1 17.2890 53.220 -14.442
##
## Step: AIC=-44.61
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2879 36.257 -45.993
## <none> 35.969 -44.607
## - lbph 1 1.0958 37.065 -44.297
## - lweight 1 1.7194 37.689 -43.012
## - age 1 2.0053 37.975 -42.430
## - svi 1 3.1004 39.070 -40.241
## - lcavol 1 19.2152 55.185 -13.650
##
## Step: AIC=-45.99
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.257 -45.993
## - lbph 1 1.2069 37.464 -45.472
## - lweight 1 1.6412 37.899 -44.585
## - age 1 1.7598 38.017 -44.344
## - svi 1 3.8997 40.157 -40.127
## - lcavol 1 22.5018 58.759 -10.818
## Start: AIC=15.69
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1151 32.294 -50.907
## - lbph 1 0.7388 32.918 -49.435
## <none> 32.179 -49.182
## - pgg45 1 0.9032 33.082 -49.051
## - lcp 1 0.9290 33.108 -48.991
## - age 1 1.3458 33.525 -48.027
## - lweight 1 2.6373 34.816 -45.117
## - svi 1 4.1567 36.335 -41.828
## - lcavol 1 18.4095 50.588 -16.347
##
## Step: AIC=-50.91
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.7165 33.010 -51.218
## - lcp 1 0.8405 33.134 -50.929
## <none> 32.294 -50.907
## - age 1 1.2810 33.575 -49.912
## - pgg45 1 1.6718 33.966 -49.021
## - lweight 1 2.5618 34.856 -47.029
## - svi 1 4.0416 36.335 -43.828
## - lcavol 1 19.5180 51.812 -16.506
##
## Step: AIC=-51.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.8305 33.841 -51.304
## <none> 33.010 -51.218
## - age 1 0.9818 33.992 -50.961
## - pgg45 1 1.9041 34.914 -48.900
## - svi 1 3.5867 36.597 -45.275
## - lweight 1 4.3562 37.367 -43.673
## - lcavol 1 19.3931 52.404 -17.632
##
## Step: AIC=-51.3
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7100 34.551 -51.706
## <none> 33.841 -51.304
## - pgg45 1 1.1071 34.948 -50.826
## - svi 1 2.8386 36.679 -47.102
## - lweight 1 4.4548 38.296 -43.782
## - lcavol 1 19.6863 53.527 -17.998
##
## Step: AIC=-51.71
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7922 35.343 -51.960
## <none> 34.551 -51.706
## - svi 1 2.9128 37.464 -47.473
## - lweight 1 3.7699 38.321 -45.732
## - lcavol 1 19.1773 53.728 -19.710
##
## Step: AIC=-51.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.343 -51.960
## - lweight 1 3.5206 38.864 -46.648
## - svi 1 4.0654 39.408 -45.576
## - lcavol 1 24.8712 60.214 -12.934
## Start: AIC=29.42
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.43
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0142 34.242 -46.397
## - lcp 1 0.0215 34.249 -46.381
## - age 1 0.1135 34.341 -46.174
## - gleason 1 0.1140 34.342 -46.173
## <none> 34.228 -44.429
## - lweight 1 1.6787 35.906 -42.742
## - lbph 1 2.1365 36.364 -41.767
## - svi 1 6.4984 40.726 -33.044
## - lcavol 1 16.3242 50.552 -16.402
##
## Step: AIC=-46.4
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0123 34.254 -48.370
## - age 1 0.1037 34.346 -48.164
## - gleason 1 0.2207 34.463 -47.903
## <none> 34.242 -46.397
## - lweight 1 1.6763 35.918 -44.717
## - lbph 1 2.1664 36.408 -43.673
## - svi 1 6.8638 41.106 -34.330
## - lcavol 1 16.3906 50.633 -18.279
##
## Step: AIC=-48.37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.0955 34.350 -50.155
## - gleason 1 0.2183 34.473 -49.880
## <none> 34.254 -48.370
## - lweight 1 1.6641 35.918 -46.717
## - lbph 1 2.1709 36.425 -45.638
## - svi 1 8.3546 42.609 -33.564
## - lcavol 1 18.3187 52.573 -17.384
##
## Step: AIC=-50.16
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1800 34.530 -51.753
## <none> 34.350 -50.155
## - lweight 1 1.5689 35.919 -48.716
## - lbph 1 2.0857 36.435 -47.616
## - svi 1 8.3740 42.724 -35.357
## - lcavol 1 18.2298 52.580 -19.374
##
## Step: AIC=-51.75
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.530 -51.753
## - lweight 1 1.4402 35.970 -50.606
## - lbph 1 2.2983 36.828 -48.791
## - svi 1 8.6477 43.177 -36.544
## - lcavol 1 24.3267 58.856 -12.690
## Start: AIC=25.42
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-60.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1800 28.123 -61.555
## - pgg45 1 0.4726 28.416 -60.758
## - age 1 0.6424 28.586 -60.299
## <none> 27.943 -60.049
## - lcp 1 0.8546 28.798 -59.730
## - lweight 1 1.3637 29.307 -58.380
## - lbph 1 3.0984 31.042 -53.953
## - svi 1 4.9853 32.929 -49.409
## - lcavol 1 20.0389 47.982 -20.419
##
## Step: AIC=-61.56
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5872 28.710 -61.964
## <none> 28.123 -61.555
## - lcp 1 0.8588 28.982 -61.239
## - lweight 1 1.2648 29.388 -60.168
## - pgg45 1 1.6272 29.750 -59.224
## - lbph 1 3.0465 31.170 -55.635
## - svi 1 4.9265 33.050 -51.126
## - lcavol 1 21.1097 49.233 -20.438
##
## Step: AIC=-61.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6924 29.403 -62.129
## <none> 28.710 -61.964
## - lweight 1 1.0990 29.809 -61.072
## - pgg45 1 1.3671 30.077 -60.382
## - lbph 1 2.5670 31.277 -57.370
## - svi 1 5.2806 33.991 -50.964
## - lcavol 1 20.7015 49.412 -22.158
##
## Step: AIC=-62.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 29.403 -62.129
## - pgg45 1 0.8372 30.240 -61.967
## - lweight 1 1.0967 30.500 -61.309
## - lbph 1 2.5553 31.958 -57.712
## - svi 1 4.5889 33.992 -52.962
## - lcavol 1 22.1465 51.549 -20.898
## Start: AIC=17.91
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2371 32.182 -51.174
## - gleason 1 0.4164 32.362 -50.746
## - lcp 1 0.4451 32.390 -50.678
## - lbph 1 0.7217 32.667 -50.023
## <none> 31.945 -49.743
## - age 1 1.7353 33.681 -47.670
## - svi 1 3.6226 35.568 -43.472
## - lweight 1 5.1415 37.087 -40.252
## - lcavol 1 13.1704 45.116 -25.162
##
## Step: AIC=-51.17
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2954 32.478 -52.470
## - lbph 1 0.6940 32.876 -51.531
## <none> 32.182 -51.174
## - gleason 1 1.4503 33.633 -49.780
## - age 1 1.5981 33.780 -49.442
## - svi 1 3.9617 36.144 -44.234
## - lweight 1 5.1608 37.343 -41.721
## - lcavol 1 12.9418 45.124 -27.148
##
## Step: AIC=-52.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6581 33.136 -52.925
## <none> 32.478 -52.470
## - gleason 1 1.1748 33.653 -51.734
## - age 1 1.4515 33.929 -51.104
## - svi 1 3.9120 36.390 -45.713
## - lweight 1 5.3375 37.815 -42.754
## - lcavol 1 13.6830 46.161 -27.399
##
## Step: AIC=-52.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.136 -52.925
## - age 1 1.1997 34.336 -52.187
## - gleason 1 1.2093 34.345 -52.165
## - svi 1 3.4725 36.608 -47.252
## - lweight 1 7.9394 41.075 -38.387
## - lcavol 1 13.3010 46.437 -28.940
## Start: AIC=23.83
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-38.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0009 37.040 -40.349
## - lcp 1 0.0030 37.042 -40.345
## - pgg45 1 0.3150 37.354 -39.699
## <none> 37.039 -38.351
## - lbph 1 0.9843 38.024 -38.331
## - svi 1 1.1723 38.211 -37.952
## - age 1 1.5111 38.550 -37.272
## - lweight 1 2.8531 39.892 -34.637
## - lcavol 1 14.4096 51.449 -15.048
##
## Step: AIC=-40.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0027 37.043 -42.343
## - pgg45 1 0.5810 37.621 -41.151
## <none> 37.040 -40.349
## - lbph 1 0.9836 38.024 -40.331
## - svi 1 1.2170 38.257 -39.860
## - age 1 1.5250 38.565 -39.242
## - lweight 1 2.8717 39.912 -36.599
## - lcavol 1 14.7885 51.829 -16.482
##
## Step: AIC=-42.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6380 37.681 -43.028
## <none> 37.043 -42.343
## - lbph 1 0.9810 38.024 -42.331
## - age 1 1.5252 38.568 -41.236
## - svi 1 1.5284 38.571 -41.230
## - lweight 1 2.8700 39.913 -38.597
## - lcavol 1 19.3820 56.425 -11.939
##
## Step: AIC=-43.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.681 -43.028
## - lbph 1 1.0911 38.772 -42.830
## - age 1 1.0928 38.774 -42.827
## - svi 1 2.5131 40.194 -40.057
## - lweight 1 2.6099 40.291 -39.872
## - lcavol 1 22.3007 59.981 -9.232
## Start: AIC=16.05
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-43.87
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0024 34.479 -45.867
## - lcp 1 0.6647 35.141 -44.402
## - pgg45 1 0.7711 35.247 -44.169
## - lbph 1 0.8440 35.320 -44.010
## <none> 34.476 -43.872
## - age 1 1.1747 35.651 -43.292
## - svi 1 2.4142 36.890 -40.661
## - lweight 1 3.7416 38.218 -37.939
## - lcavol 1 17.5810 52.057 -14.143
##
## Step: AIC=-45.87
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6634 35.142 -46.399
## - lbph 1 0.8436 35.322 -46.006
## <none> 34.479 -45.867
## - age 1 1.1759 35.654 -45.285
## - pgg45 1 1.4918 35.970 -44.606
## - svi 1 2.4599 36.938 -42.561
## - lweight 1 3.8591 38.338 -39.698
## - lcavol 1 18.5787 53.057 -14.677
##
## Step: AIC=-46.4
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6975 35.840 -46.886
## - age 1 0.8943 36.036 -46.465
## - pgg45 1 0.9088 36.051 -46.434
## <none> 35.142 -46.399
## - svi 1 1.8740 37.016 -44.399
## - lweight 1 3.9875 39.130 -40.123
## - lcavol 1 19.8914 55.033 -13.862
##
## Step: AIC=-46.89
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5381 36.378 -47.739
## - pgg45 1 0.9108 36.750 -46.954
## <none> 35.840 -46.886
## - svi 1 1.8654 37.705 -44.979
## - lweight 1 6.4483 42.288 -36.147
## - lcavol 1 19.6714 55.511 -15.196
##
## Step: AIC=-47.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6440 37.022 -48.387
## <none> 36.378 -47.739
## - svi 1 2.1004 38.478 -45.416
## - lweight 1 5.9110 42.289 -38.145
## - lcavol 1 19.1923 55.570 -17.115
##
## Step: AIC=-48.39
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.022 -48.387
## - svi 1 3.2938 40.315 -43.825
## - lweight 1 5.7599 42.781 -39.253
## - lcavol 1 21.7838 58.805 -14.757
## Start: AIC=23.31
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-51.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0017 31.289 -53.341
## - pgg45 1 0.7359 32.023 -51.555
## <none> 31.288 -51.345
## - lcp 1 0.9752 32.263 -50.982
## - lweight 1 1.1747 32.462 -50.507
## - lbph 1 1.3912 32.679 -49.995
## - age 1 1.9726 33.260 -48.637
## - svi 1 3.0204 34.308 -46.249
## - lcavol 1 22.5269 53.814 -11.586
##
## Step: AIC=-53.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 31.289 -53.341
## - lcp 1 0.9845 32.274 -52.956
## - lweight 1 1.1859 32.475 -52.477
## - pgg45 1 1.2391 32.528 -52.350
## - lbph 1 1.4015 32.691 -51.967
## - age 1 1.9909 33.280 -50.591
## - svi 1 3.0195 34.309 -48.247
## - lcavol 1 23.1093 54.398 -12.755
## Start: AIC=13.44
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-58.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0096 28.519 -60.479
## - lbph 1 0.1370 28.646 -60.136
## - lcp 1 0.4001 28.909 -59.432
## <none> 28.509 -58.505
## - gleason 1 0.7567 29.266 -58.488
## - age 1 1.3902 29.900 -56.839
## - svi 1 2.7319 31.241 -53.459
## - lweight 1 5.1572 33.667 -47.702
## - lcavol 1 15.4006 43.910 -27.248
##
## Step: AIC=-60.48
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.1317 28.651 -62.124
## - lcp 1 0.4414 28.960 -61.297
## <none> 28.519 -60.479
## - age 1 1.3909 29.910 -58.812
## - gleason 1 1.7127 30.232 -57.988
## - svi 1 2.7242 31.243 -55.454
## - lweight 1 5.2369 33.756 -49.498
## - lcavol 1 15.8441 44.363 -28.458
##
## Step: AIC=-62.12
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4094 29.060 -63.032
## <none> 28.651 -62.124
## - age 1 1.2761 29.927 -60.769
## - gleason 1 1.7319 30.383 -59.605
## - svi 1 2.5927 31.243 -57.454
## - lweight 1 6.8137 35.464 -47.696
## - lcavol 1 15.7942 44.445 -30.316
##
## Step: AIC=-63.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 29.060 -63.032
## - age 1 1.0944 30.155 -62.185
## - gleason 1 1.3917 30.452 -61.430
## - svi 1 2.1990 31.259 -59.415
## - lweight 1 6.6822 35.742 -49.095
## - lcavol 1 16.6688 45.729 -30.123
## Start: AIC=19.73
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-50.66
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0748 31.644 -52.473
## - pgg45 1 0.4335 32.003 -51.605
## - lbph 1 0.6074 32.177 -51.188
## <none> 31.569 -50.655
## - lcp 1 0.9898 32.559 -50.278
## - age 1 2.2819 33.851 -47.281
## - lweight 1 3.3536 34.923 -44.881
## - svi 1 3.6180 35.187 -44.301
## - lcavol 1 17.4905 49.060 -18.709
##
## Step: AIC=-52.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6440 32.288 -52.922
## <none> 31.644 -52.473
## - lcp 1 0.9791 32.623 -52.127
## - pgg45 1 1.0706 32.715 -51.911
## - age 1 2.2175 33.861 -49.258
## - lweight 1 3.2788 34.923 -46.881
## - svi 1 3.5545 35.198 -46.276
## - lcavol 1 18.4321 50.076 -19.130
##
## Step: AIC=-52.92
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.8334 33.121 -52.960
## <none> 32.288 -52.922
## - pgg45 1 1.0133 33.301 -52.542
## - age 1 1.8394 34.127 -50.656
## - svi 1 3.2012 35.489 -47.643
## - lweight 1 5.6770 37.965 -42.450
## - lcavol 1 17.8182 50.106 -21.084
##
## Step: AIC=-52.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3906 33.512 -54.057
## <none> 33.121 -52.960
## - age 1 1.6130 34.734 -51.298
## - svi 1 2.4008 35.522 -49.571
## - lweight 1 5.6649 38.786 -42.802
## - lcavol 1 17.5257 50.647 -22.257
##
## Step: AIC=-54.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.512 -54.057
## - age 1 1.2973 34.809 -53.132
## - svi 1 3.3983 36.910 -48.620
## - lweight 1 5.3804 38.892 -44.592
## - lcavol 1 20.5368 54.049 -19.252
## Start: AIC=17.14
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0018 36.167 -42.185
## - pgg45 1 0.4897 36.655 -41.153
## - lbph 1 0.5248 36.690 -41.080
## - age 1 0.5625 36.728 -41.000
## <none> 36.166 -40.189
## - lcp 1 1.0966 37.262 -39.889
## - lweight 1 3.0053 39.171 -36.042
## - svi 1 4.6348 40.800 -32.904
## - lcavol 1 17.4282 53.594 -11.903
##
## Step: AIC=-42.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5230 36.690 -43.080
## - age 1 0.5767 36.744 -42.967
## - pgg45 1 0.8365 37.004 -42.424
## <none> 36.167 -42.185
## - lcp 1 1.0995 37.267 -41.879
## - lweight 1 3.0467 39.214 -37.957
## - svi 1 4.7542 40.921 -34.676
## - lcavol 1 17.6491 53.816 -13.583
##
## Step: AIC=-43.08
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3631 37.053 -44.321
## - pgg45 1 0.9233 37.614 -43.166
## <none> 36.690 -43.080
## - lcp 1 1.1703 37.861 -42.662
## - svi 1 4.5252 41.216 -36.124
## - lweight 1 4.6480 41.338 -35.895
## - lcavol 1 17.6210 54.311 -14.879
##
## Step: AIC=-44.32
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7466 37.800 -44.785
## <none> 37.053 -44.321
## - lcp 1 1.0419 38.095 -44.186
## - lweight 1 4.2884 41.342 -37.889
## - svi 1 4.4419 41.495 -37.603
## - lcavol 1 17.3029 54.356 -16.815
##
## Step: AIC=-44.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5343 38.334 -45.705
## <none> 37.800 -44.785
## - lweight 1 4.0819 41.882 -38.889
## - svi 1 4.8192 42.619 -37.546
## - lcavol 1 17.3029 55.103 -17.765
##
## Step: AIC=-45.7
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.334 -45.705
## - lweight 1 4.2173 42.552 -39.668
## - svi 1 4.4628 42.797 -39.225
## - lcavol 1 19.8989 58.233 -15.510
## Start: AIC=11.32
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.14
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0162 33.927 -47.108
## - lcp 1 0.2066 34.118 -46.677
## - gleason 1 0.2188 34.130 -46.650
## - lbph 1 0.5227 34.434 -45.967
## - age 1 0.6687 34.580 -45.641
## <none> 33.911 -45.145
## - svi 1 2.1629 36.074 -42.384
## - lweight 1 3.7257 37.637 -39.118
## - lcavol 1 13.7809 47.692 -20.886
##
## Step: AIC=-47.11
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1904 34.118 -48.677
## - lbph 1 0.5092 34.436 -47.961
## - gleason 1 0.6337 34.561 -47.683
## - age 1 0.6542 34.581 -47.638
## <none> 33.927 -47.108
## - svi 1 2.2097 36.137 -44.250
## - lweight 1 3.7574 37.685 -41.020
## - lcavol 1 14.3107 48.238 -22.010
##
## Step: AIC=-48.68
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4255 34.543 -49.723
## - gleason 1 0.4875 34.605 -49.585
## - age 1 0.5278 34.646 -49.495
## <none> 34.118 -48.677
## - svi 1 2.5380 36.656 -45.152
## - lweight 1 3.8324 37.950 -42.480
## - lcavol 1 16.4582 50.576 -20.365
##
## Step: AIC=-49.72
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3013 34.844 -51.054
## - gleason 1 0.6345 35.178 -50.321
## <none> 34.543 -49.723
## - svi 1 2.3026 36.846 -46.754
## - lweight 1 5.6506 40.194 -40.057
## - lcavol 1 16.0327 50.576 -22.365
##
## Step: AIC=-51.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.5156 35.360 -51.923
## <none> 34.844 -51.054
## - svi 1 2.2949 37.139 -48.143
## - lweight 1 5.3894 40.234 -41.980
## - lcavol 1 15.7332 50.578 -24.363
##
## Step: AIC=-51.92
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.360 -51.923
## - svi 1 2.6889 38.049 -48.280
## - lweight 1 5.0418 40.402 -43.659
## - lcavol 1 19.3627 54.723 -20.297
## Start: AIC=16.7
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0048 34.399 -46.045
## - lcp 1 0.4818 34.876 -44.984
## <none> 34.394 -44.055
## - lbph 1 0.9067 35.301 -44.052
## - pgg45 1 1.0389 35.433 -43.764
## - svi 1 2.4864 36.881 -40.681
## - age 1 3.4736 37.868 -38.647
## - lweight 1 3.7168 38.111 -38.154
## - lcavol 1 18.0359 52.430 -13.593
##
## Step: AIC=-46.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4774 34.877 -46.983
## - lbph 1 0.9039 35.303 -46.047
## <none> 34.399 -46.045
## - pgg45 1 1.8455 36.245 -44.021
## - svi 1 2.5252 36.924 -42.590
## - age 1 3.4754 37.875 -40.634
## - lweight 1 3.7253 38.124 -40.127
## - lcavol 1 18.4352 52.834 -15.002
##
## Step: AIC=-46.98
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.8222 35.699 -47.189
## <none> 34.877 -46.983
## - pgg45 1 1.3773 36.254 -46.001
## - svi 1 2.0483 36.925 -44.589
## - age 1 3.3048 38.181 -42.012
## - lweight 1 3.9119 38.788 -40.798
## - lcavol 1 19.5399 54.416 -14.730
##
## Step: AIC=-47.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.699 -47.189
## - pgg45 1 1.4739 37.173 -46.074
## - svi 1 1.8314 37.530 -45.337
## - age 1 2.8925 38.591 -43.190
## - lweight 1 6.0240 41.723 -37.182
## - lcavol 1 19.3004 54.999 -15.910
## Start: AIC=-6.59
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-62.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0548 26.974 -64.769
## - age 1 0.6120 27.531 -63.194
## - lbph 1 0.6456 27.564 -63.100
## <none> 26.919 -62.925
## - lweight 1 1.5054 28.424 -60.735
## - pgg45 1 1.5835 28.502 -60.524
## - lcp 1 1.9046 28.823 -59.661
## - svi 1 2.6873 29.606 -57.598
## - lcavol 1 15.8974 42.816 -29.190
##
## Step: AIC=-64.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6366 27.610 -64.972
## - age 1 0.6909 27.665 -64.821
## <none> 26.974 -64.769
## - lweight 1 1.6379 28.612 -62.229
## - lcp 1 1.8859 28.860 -61.565
## - pgg45 1 1.9615 28.935 -61.363
## - svi 1 2.7823 29.756 -59.210
## - lcavol 1 16.1235 43.097 -30.687
##
## Step: AIC=-64.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.3585 27.969 -65.979
## <none> 27.610 -64.972
## - lcp 1 1.7614 29.372 -62.211
## - pgg45 1 1.9213 29.532 -61.792
## - svi 1 2.2905 29.901 -60.836
## - lweight 1 2.7568 30.367 -59.644
## - lcavol 1 15.7329 43.343 -32.248
##
## Step: AIC=-65.98
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 27.969 -65.979
## - lcp 1 1.6021 29.571 -63.690
## - pgg45 1 1.6163 29.585 -63.653
## - svi 1 2.2656 30.234 -61.981
## - lweight 1 2.4026 30.371 -61.633
## - lcavol 1 15.3830 43.352 -34.233
## Start: AIC=23.74
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.99
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0729 33.615 -47.820
## - gleason 1 0.0736 33.616 -47.818
## - lcp 1 0.2941 33.836 -47.315
## - lbph 1 0.4098 33.952 -47.052
## <none> 33.542 -45.987
## - age 1 1.4901 35.032 -44.640
## - svi 1 5.2160 38.758 -36.858
## - lweight 1 5.9084 39.450 -35.494
## - lcavol 1 12.2739 45.816 -23.976
##
## Step: AIC=-47.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2429 33.858 -49.266
## - gleason 1 0.2739 33.889 -49.195
## - lbph 1 0.4212 34.036 -48.861
## <none> 33.615 -47.820
## - age 1 1.4320 35.047 -46.608
## - svi 1 5.6547 39.270 -37.848
## - lweight 1 5.8882 39.503 -37.392
## - lcavol 1 12.2014 45.816 -25.975
##
## Step: AIC=-49.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1262 33.984 -50.979
## - lbph 1 0.4098 34.268 -50.339
## <none> 33.858 -49.266
## - age 1 1.2958 35.154 -48.374
## - lweight 1 5.8616 39.720 -38.971
## - svi 1 6.2917 40.150 -38.142
## - lcavol 1 13.5197 47.378 -25.395
##
## Step: AIC=-50.98
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4393 34.423 -51.990
## <none> 33.984 -50.979
## - age 1 1.1798 35.164 -50.351
## - lweight 1 5.7355 39.720 -40.971
## - svi 1 6.6470 40.631 -39.224
## - lcavol 1 16.5704 50.554 -22.398
##
## Step: AIC=-51.99
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.8877 35.311 -52.030
## <none> 34.423 -51.990
## - svi 1 6.2357 40.659 -41.171
## - lweight 1 7.9999 42.423 -37.900
## - lcavol 1 16.3560 50.779 -24.056
##
## Step: AIC=-52.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.311 -52.030
## - svi 1 5.9578 41.269 -42.025
## - lweight 1 7.1150 42.426 -39.895
## - lcavol 1 16.5304 51.841 -24.462
## Start: AIC=21.6
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-43.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0000 34.842 -45.060
## - lcp 1 0.4017 35.244 -44.177
## - pgg45 1 0.5539 35.396 -43.845
## <none> 34.842 -43.060
## - age 1 0.9318 35.774 -43.028
## - lbph 1 1.1067 35.949 -42.652
## - lweight 1 3.4240 38.266 -37.842
## - svi 1 4.4095 39.251 -35.884
## - lcavol 1 16.4159 51.258 -15.334
##
## Step: AIC=-45.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4022 35.244 -46.176
## - pgg45 1 0.8884 35.730 -45.121
## <none> 34.842 -45.060
## - age 1 0.9378 35.780 -45.015
## - lbph 1 1.1086 35.951 -44.648
## - lweight 1 3.4600 38.302 -39.770
## - svi 1 4.4094 39.251 -37.884
## - lcavol 1 17.4290 52.271 -15.827
##
## Step: AIC=-46.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5121 35.756 -47.065
## - age 1 0.6956 35.940 -46.671
## <none> 35.244 -46.176
## - lbph 1 1.0476 36.292 -45.921
## - lweight 1 3.4997 38.744 -40.886
## - svi 1 4.0493 39.293 -39.802
## - lcavol 1 18.9326 54.177 -15.070
##
## Step: AIC=-47.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4955 36.252 -48.006
## <none> 35.756 -47.065
## - lbph 1 1.2872 37.043 -46.342
## - lweight 1 3.1630 38.919 -42.539
## - svi 1 6.0091 41.765 -37.104
## - lcavol 1 21.3710 57.127 -12.986
##
## Step: AIC=-48.01
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.9053 37.157 -48.106
## <none> 36.252 -48.006
## - lweight 1 2.9694 39.221 -43.943
## - svi 1 6.0529 42.305 -38.116
## - lcavol 1 20.8776 57.129 -14.984
##
## Step: AIC=-48.11
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.157 -48.106
## - svi 1 6.0356 43.193 -38.516
## - lweight 1 6.1403 43.297 -38.330
## - lcavol 1 20.3482 57.505 -16.479
## Start: AIC=26.98
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-39.49
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0153 36.509 -41.460
## - gleason 1 0.1188 36.613 -41.242
## - pgg45 1 0.2966 36.791 -40.869
## - age 1 0.8006 37.295 -39.822
## <none> 36.494 -39.493
## - lbph 1 1.3731 37.867 -38.649
## - svi 1 2.4796 38.974 -36.431
## - lweight 1 2.5691 39.063 -36.254
## - lcavol 1 17.5937 54.088 -11.196
##
## Step: AIC=-41.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1229 36.632 -43.202
## - pgg45 1 0.2869 36.796 -42.858
## - age 1 0.7857 37.295 -41.821
## <none> 36.509 -41.460
## - lbph 1 1.3657 37.875 -40.633
## - lweight 1 2.5740 39.083 -38.214
## - svi 1 2.8821 39.391 -37.610
## - lcavol 1 20.2699 56.779 -9.457
##
## Step: AIC=-43.2
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1640 36.796 -44.858
## - age 1 0.8577 37.490 -43.420
## <none> 36.632 -43.202
## - lbph 1 1.3482 37.980 -42.419
## - lweight 1 2.8015 39.434 -39.527
## - svi 1 3.0381 39.670 -39.067
## - lcavol 1 20.7796 57.412 -10.604
##
## Step: AIC=-44.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7331 37.529 -45.338
## <none> 36.796 -44.858
## - lbph 1 1.4217 38.218 -43.939
## - lweight 1 2.6565 39.453 -41.490
## - svi 1 3.9837 40.780 -38.942
## - lcavol 1 22.0998 58.896 -10.638
##
## Step: AIC=-45.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.9467 38.476 -45.420
## <none> 37.529 -45.338
## - lweight 1 2.4028 39.932 -42.560
## - svi 1 4.0002 41.530 -39.540
## - lcavol 1 21.3877 58.917 -12.611
##
## Step: AIC=-45.42
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.476 -45.420
## - svi 1 3.4353 41.911 -40.835
## - lweight 1 5.0960 43.572 -37.843
## - lcavol 1 22.3059 60.782 -12.211
## Start: AIC=32.59
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-37.43
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0176 37.501 -39.397
## - lcp 1 0.3529 37.836 -38.711
## - pgg45 1 0.5860 38.069 -38.238
## - lbph 1 0.6360 38.119 -38.137
## <none> 37.483 -37.433
## - age 1 1.0668 38.550 -37.272
## - lweight 1 2.6154 40.099 -34.239
## - svi 1 2.9277 40.411 -33.642
## - lcavol 1 21.3307 58.814 -4.746
##
## Step: AIC=-39.4
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.3443 37.845 -40.693
## - lbph 1 0.6204 38.121 -40.133
## - pgg45 1 0.7897 38.291 -39.792
## <none> 37.501 -39.397
## - age 1 1.0565 38.558 -39.257
## - lweight 1 2.7256 40.227 -35.994
## - svi 1 2.9739 40.475 -35.521
## - lcavol 1 22.1963 59.697 -5.598
##
## Step: AIC=-40.69
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4765 38.322 -41.730
## - lbph 1 0.5661 38.411 -41.550
## - age 1 0.8198 38.665 -41.043
## <none> 37.845 -40.693
## - svi 1 2.6907 40.536 -37.404
## - lweight 1 2.7307 40.576 -37.328
## - lcavol 1 25.1911 63.036 -3.407
##
## Step: AIC=-41.73
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6328 38.955 -42.468
## - lbph 1 0.6412 38.963 -42.452
## <none> 38.322 -41.730
## - lweight 1 2.5348 40.857 -38.798
## - svi 1 4.3413 42.663 -35.466
## - lcavol 1 27.4634 65.785 -2.121
##
## Step: AIC=-42.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.3581 39.313 -43.764
## <none> 38.955 -42.468
## - lweight 1 2.1478 41.102 -40.336
## - svi 1 4.1412 43.096 -36.689
## - lcavol 1 26.8368 65.791 -4.113
##
## Step: AIC=-43.76
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.313 -43.764
## - lweight 1 3.7231 43.036 -38.796
## - svi 1 3.8501 43.163 -38.570
## - lcavol 1 27.5336 66.846 -4.888
## Start: AIC=30.29
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.44
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0386 36.084 -42.362
## - lcp 1 0.3327 36.379 -41.736
## - pgg45 1 0.3452 36.391 -41.710
## - lbph 1 0.5376 36.584 -41.304
## <none> 36.046 -40.444
## - age 1 1.4554 37.501 -39.396
## - svi 1 2.4990 38.545 -37.283
## - lweight 1 4.5054 40.551 -33.375
## - lcavol 1 19.3039 55.350 -9.420
##
## Step: AIC=-42.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.3068 36.391 -43.710
## - lbph 1 0.5487 36.633 -43.199
## - pgg45 1 0.7202 36.805 -42.840
## <none> 36.084 -42.362
## - age 1 1.4209 37.505 -41.388
## - svi 1 2.4701 38.555 -39.263
## - lweight 1 4.4690 40.554 -35.371
## - lcavol 1 20.2980 56.382 -9.997
##
## Step: AIC=-43.71
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4591 36.850 -44.744
## - lbph 1 0.5212 36.913 -44.615
## <none> 36.391 -43.710
## - age 1 1.2671 37.658 -43.074
## - svi 1 2.1750 38.566 -41.240
## - lweight 1 4.5199 40.911 -36.695
## - lcavol 1 22.2211 58.612 -9.010
##
## Step: AIC=-44.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5949 37.445 -45.511
## <none> 36.850 -44.744
## - age 1 1.0109 37.861 -44.660
## - svi 1 3.1017 39.952 -40.521
## - lweight 1 4.2800 41.131 -38.283
## - lcavol 1 24.2125 61.063 -7.856
##
## Step: AIC=-45.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6476 38.093 -46.191
## <none> 37.445 -45.511
## - svi 1 2.6996 40.145 -42.151
## - lweight 1 6.1498 43.595 -35.802
## - lcavol 1 24.1172 61.563 -9.229
##
## Step: AIC=-46.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.093 -46.191
## - svi 1 2.6076 40.701 -43.092
## - lweight 1 5.5111 43.604 -37.786
## - lcavol 1 23.9161 62.009 -10.672
## Start: AIC=18.14
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.3289 33.084 -49.047
## - pgg45 1 0.7317 33.487 -48.115
## <none> 32.755 -47.816
## - lcp 1 0.8784 33.633 -47.778
## - age 1 0.9767 33.732 -47.554
## - lbph 1 1.2470 34.002 -46.939
## - lweight 1 2.9722 35.727 -43.128
## - svi 1 4.5809 37.336 -39.737
## - lcavol 1 13.9369 46.692 -22.518
##
## Step: AIC=-49.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.8647 33.949 -49.060
## <none> 33.084 -49.047
## - age 1 0.9091 33.993 -48.959
## - lbph 1 1.3091 34.393 -48.059
## - pgg45 1 2.5408 35.625 -45.349
## - lweight 1 2.7878 35.872 -44.817
## - svi 1 4.3081 37.392 -41.621
## - lcavol 1 15.5931 48.677 -21.312
##
## Step: AIC=-49.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7475 34.696 -49.383
## <none> 33.949 -49.060
## - lbph 1 1.4483 35.397 -47.843
## - pgg45 1 1.8079 35.756 -47.065
## - lweight 1 2.7790 36.728 -45.001
## - svi 1 3.4503 37.399 -43.607
## - lcavol 1 15.4196 49.368 -22.227
##
## Step: AIC=-49.38
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.696 -49.383
## - lbph 1 1.0758 35.772 -49.032
## - pgg45 1 1.4483 36.144 -48.234
## - lweight 1 2.4752 37.171 -46.077
## - svi 1 3.6722 38.368 -43.636
## - lcavol 1 15.1603 49.856 -23.469
## Start: AIC=17.74
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-41.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0448 35.718 -43.148
## - lcp 1 0.0592 35.732 -43.117
## - pgg45 1 0.3189 35.992 -42.560
## - lbph 1 0.7448 36.418 -41.654
## - age 1 0.9169 36.590 -41.291
## <none> 35.673 -41.245
## - svi 1 3.2973 38.970 -36.438
## - lweight 1 4.1537 39.827 -34.764
## - lcavol 1 12.5329 48.206 -20.061
##
## Step: AIC=-43.15
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0410 35.759 -45.060
## - pgg45 1 0.6703 36.388 -43.717
## - lbph 1 0.7499 36.467 -43.549
## - age 1 0.8986 36.616 -43.235
## <none> 35.718 -43.148
## - svi 1 3.2974 39.015 -38.349
## - lweight 1 4.1384 39.856 -36.707
## - lcavol 1 13.1431 48.861 -21.022
##
## Step: AIC=-45.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6741 36.433 -45.622
## - lbph 1 0.7291 36.488 -45.506
## - age 1 0.8622 36.621 -45.226
## <none> 35.759 -45.060
## - svi 1 3.8639 39.623 -39.159
## - lweight 1 4.2244 39.983 -38.462
## - lcavol 1 15.9877 51.746 -18.604
##
## Step: AIC=-45.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6577 37.090 -46.244
## - lbph 1 0.8645 37.297 -45.816
## <none> 36.433 -45.622
## - lweight 1 3.8929 40.326 -39.805
## - svi 1 5.4503 41.883 -36.887
## - lcavol 1 19.5460 55.979 -14.550
##
## Step: AIC=-46.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6168 37.707 -46.974
## <none> 37.090 -46.244
## - lweight 1 3.2365 40.327 -41.802
## - svi 1 5.1159 42.206 -38.295
## - lcavol 1 18.8907 55.981 -16.547
##
## Step: AIC=-46.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.707 -46.974
## - svi 1 4.7254 42.433 -39.883
## - lweight 1 5.3634 43.071 -38.734
## - lcavol 1 18.7247 56.432 -17.929
## Start: AIC=35.46
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-50.58
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1399 31.738 -52.245
## - lcp 1 0.2409 31.839 -52.000
## - pgg45 1 0.3037 31.902 -51.848
## - age 1 0.6254 32.223 -51.075
## <none> 31.598 -50.585
## - lbph 1 1.8316 33.430 -48.246
## - lweight 1 5.5542 37.152 -40.116
## - svi 1 6.1637 37.762 -38.863
## - lcavol 1 16.8456 48.444 -19.682
##
## Step: AIC=-52.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2525 31.990 -53.634
## - age 1 0.6807 32.419 -52.611
## <none> 31.738 -52.245
## - pgg45 1 1.2549 32.993 -51.259
## - lbph 1 1.9009 33.639 -49.766
## - lweight 1 5.4356 37.174 -42.072
## - svi 1 6.0240 37.762 -40.863
## - lcavol 1 18.9339 50.672 -18.219
##
## Step: AIC=-53.63
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5428 32.533 -54.339
## <none> 31.990 -53.634
## - pgg45 1 1.0048 32.995 -53.253
## - lbph 1 1.9593 33.950 -51.057
## - lweight 1 5.4129 37.403 -43.597
## - svi 1 6.2985 38.289 -41.796
## - lcavol 1 21.3634 53.354 -16.248
##
## Step: AIC=-54.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7554 33.289 -54.571
## <none> 32.533 -54.339
## - lbph 1 1.5769 34.110 -52.694
## - lweight 1 4.9556 37.489 -45.422
## - svi 1 6.8758 39.409 -41.575
## - lcavol 1 20.8269 53.360 -18.239
##
## Step: AIC=-54.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.289 -54.571
## - lbph 1 1.8980 35.187 -52.302
## - lweight 1 4.5935 37.882 -46.618
## - svi 1 9.3287 42.617 -37.549
## - lcavol 1 24.1503 57.439 -14.567
## Start: AIC=31.86
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.8
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0006 32.763 -49.798
## - lcp 1 0.0043 32.766 -49.789
## - pgg45 1 0.1102 32.872 -49.540
## <none> 32.762 -47.799
## - lweight 1 1.7595 34.522 -45.771
## - age 1 2.1302 34.892 -44.948
## - svi 1 2.1578 34.920 -44.888
## - lbph 1 3.0032 35.765 -43.046
## - lcavol 1 22.9491 55.711 -8.919
##
## Step: AIC=-49.8
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0040 32.767 -51.788
## - pgg45 1 0.1578 32.921 -51.427
## <none> 32.763 -49.798
## - lweight 1 1.7903 34.553 -47.701
## - svi 1 2.1634 34.926 -46.874
## - age 1 2.1656 34.928 -46.869
## - lbph 1 3.0661 35.829 -44.909
## - lcavol 1 23.6324 56.395 -9.979
##
## Step: AIC=-51.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1793 32.946 -53.368
## <none> 32.767 -51.788
## - lweight 1 1.7920 34.559 -49.688
## - age 1 2.1776 34.944 -48.834
## - svi 1 2.5649 35.332 -47.985
## - lbph 1 3.0690 35.836 -46.894
## - lcavol 1 27.4684 60.235 -6.907
##
## Step: AIC=-53.37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 32.946 -53.368
## - lweight 1 1.6729 34.619 -51.554
## - age 1 2.0141 34.960 -50.799
## - lbph 1 3.3499 36.296 -47.912
## - svi 1 3.6588 36.605 -47.259
## - lcavol 1 28.7953 61.741 -7.006
## Start: AIC=24.99
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.38
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0193 32.117 -51.331
## - lcp 1 0.2292 32.327 -50.829
## - gleason 1 0.2938 32.391 -50.675
## - lbph 1 0.6808 32.778 -49.761
## <none> 32.098 -49.377
## - age 1 1.8646 33.962 -47.029
## - svi 1 4.0776 36.175 -42.168
## - lweight 1 4.6088 36.706 -41.046
## - lcavol 1 17.9899 50.087 -17.113
##
## Step: AIC=-51.33
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2106 32.327 -52.827
## - gleason 1 0.5870 32.704 -51.936
## - lbph 1 0.6709 32.788 -51.739
## <none> 32.117 -51.331
## - age 1 1.8466 33.964 -49.026
## - svi 1 4.0684 36.185 -44.147
## - lweight 1 4.6141 36.731 -42.994
## - lcavol 1 18.0643 50.181 -18.969
##
## Step: AIC=-52.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.4081 32.736 -53.861
## - lbph 1 0.6236 32.951 -53.356
## <none> 32.327 -52.827
## - age 1 1.7550 34.082 -50.757
## - svi 1 4.1986 36.526 -45.425
## - lweight 1 4.7280 37.056 -44.317
## - lcavol 1 19.5924 51.920 -18.346
##
## Step: AIC=-53.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6738 33.409 -54.293
## <none> 32.736 -53.861
## - age 1 1.4053 34.141 -52.625
## - svi 1 4.2706 37.006 -46.419
## - lweight 1 4.3369 37.073 -46.282
## - lcavol 1 25.0543 57.790 -12.098
##
## Step: AIC=-54.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.409 -54.293
## - age 1 1.1057 34.515 -53.785
## - svi 1 3.7022 37.112 -48.200
## - lweight 1 6.7991 40.209 -42.029
## - lcavol 1 24.8892 58.299 -13.423
## Start: AIC=13.39
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-57.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0254 28.961 -59.294
## - pgg45 1 0.3001 29.236 -58.567
## - lcp 1 0.6494 29.585 -57.653
## <none> 28.936 -57.362
## - lbph 1 1.5603 30.496 -55.318
## - lweight 1 2.4360 31.372 -53.138
## - age 1 2.6847 31.621 -52.530
## - svi 1 3.7050 32.641 -50.084
## - lcavol 1 19.3824 48.318 -19.882
##
## Step: AIC=-59.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6454 29.607 -59.597
## - pgg45 1 0.6871 29.648 -59.489
## <none> 28.961 -59.294
## - lbph 1 1.6014 30.563 -57.150
## - lweight 1 2.4194 31.381 -55.116
## - age 1 2.6643 31.626 -54.518
## - svi 1 3.6821 32.643 -52.079
## - lcavol 1 20.1316 49.093 -20.657
##
## Step: AIC=-59.6
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2478 29.854 -60.956
## <none> 29.607 -59.597
## - lbph 1 1.6331 31.240 -57.463
## - age 1 2.2754 31.882 -55.896
## - lweight 1 2.3768 31.983 -55.651
## - svi 1 3.0625 32.669 -54.018
## - lcavol 1 21.1625 50.769 -20.072
##
## Step: AIC=-60.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 29.854 -60.956
## - lbph 1 1.8123 31.667 -58.418
## - age 1 2.0543 31.909 -57.831
## - lweight 1 2.1887 32.043 -57.508
## - svi 1 3.9862 33.841 -53.305
## - lcavol 1 24.3012 54.156 -17.100
## Start: AIC=27.15
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-37.43
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0000 37.487 -39.426
## - lcp 1 0.5608 38.048 -38.282
## - pgg45 1 0.7927 38.279 -37.815
## - age 1 0.8704 38.357 -37.658
## - lbph 1 0.9460 38.433 -37.507
## <none> 37.487 -37.426
## - svi 1 2.9039 40.391 -33.681
## - lweight 1 3.7829 41.270 -32.023
## - lcavol 1 18.1658 55.653 -9.000
##
## Step: AIC=-39.43
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5662 38.053 -40.272
## - age 1 0.8755 38.362 -39.648
## - lbph 1 0.9486 38.435 -39.502
## <none> 37.487 -39.426
## - pgg45 1 1.4194 38.906 -38.564
## - svi 1 3.0424 40.529 -35.417
## - lweight 1 3.8769 41.364 -33.848
## - lcavol 1 18.6447 56.132 -10.340
##
## Step: AIC=-40.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7178 38.771 -40.833
## - lbph 1 0.8115 38.864 -40.647
## <none> 38.053 -40.272
## - pgg45 1 1.0206 39.074 -40.234
## - svi 1 2.5090 40.562 -37.355
## - lweight 1 3.9390 41.992 -34.687
## - lcavol 1 20.3740 58.427 -9.254
##
## Step: AIC=-40.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.5204 39.291 -41.806
## - pgg45 1 0.8060 39.577 -41.248
## <none> 38.771 -40.833
## - svi 1 2.5753 41.346 -37.881
## - lweight 1 3.4960 42.267 -36.185
## - lcavol 1 19.7494 58.520 -11.131
##
## Step: AIC=-41.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.291 -41.806
## - pgg45 1 1.0548 40.346 -41.766
## - svi 1 2.1690 41.460 -39.668
## - lweight 1 5.7894 45.081 -33.222
## - lcavol 1 19.8014 59.093 -12.382
## Start: AIC=30.62
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-38.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1549 36.969 -40.497
## - pgg45 1 0.4036 37.218 -39.981
## - lcp 1 0.6188 37.433 -39.537
## <none> 36.814 -38.820
## - lweight 1 1.5972 38.411 -37.550
## - lbph 1 1.6838 38.498 -37.377
## - age 1 2.4282 39.242 -35.902
## - svi 1 5.0004 41.815 -31.013
## - lcavol 1 18.9293 55.743 -8.875
##
## Step: AIC=-40.5
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5771 37.546 -41.304
## <none> 36.969 -40.497
## - pgg45 1 1.1719 38.141 -40.094
## - lweight 1 1.4766 38.446 -39.481
## - lbph 1 1.8085 38.777 -38.819
## - age 1 2.3076 39.277 -37.835
## - svi 1 4.8485 41.817 -33.008
## - lcavol 1 19.9457 56.915 -9.273
##
## Step: AIC=-41.3
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7277 38.274 -41.826
## <none> 37.546 -41.304
## - lweight 1 1.5909 39.137 -40.109
## - lbph 1 1.7671 39.313 -39.763
## - age 1 2.0623 39.608 -39.187
## - svi 1 4.2778 41.824 -34.996
## - lcavol 1 21.9835 59.530 -7.815
##
## Step: AIC=-41.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.274 -41.826
## - lweight 1 1.5016 39.775 -40.863
## - age 1 1.6120 39.886 -40.649
## - lbph 1 1.8481 40.122 -40.195
## - svi 1 6.4442 44.718 -31.844
## - lcavol 1 24.6151 62.889 -5.588
## Start: AIC=32.55
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-38.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1135 37.217 -39.981
## - lcp 1 0.3426 37.447 -39.509
## - gleason 1 0.4466 37.551 -39.295
## - age 1 0.8490 37.953 -38.474
## <none> 37.104 -38.216
## - lbph 1 1.9118 39.016 -36.348
## - lweight 1 2.9326 40.037 -34.359
## - svi 1 6.0673 43.171 -28.555
## - lcavol 1 17.7924 54.896 -10.054
##
## Step: AIC=-39.98
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2532 37.471 -41.459
## - age 1 0.7838 38.001 -40.376
## <none> 37.217 -39.981
## - gleason 1 1.0026 38.220 -39.934
## - lbph 1 1.9417 39.159 -38.065
## - lweight 1 2.9308 40.148 -36.144
## - svi 1 6.3838 43.601 -29.791
## - lcavol 1 17.6889 54.906 -12.040
##
## Step: AIC=-41.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6714 38.142 -42.092
## - gleason 1 0.7976 38.268 -41.837
## <none> 37.471 -41.459
## - lbph 1 1.8993 39.370 -39.652
## - lweight 1 2.9042 40.375 -37.711
## - svi 1 6.5489 44.019 -31.056
## - lcavol 1 19.5572 57.028 -11.121
##
## Step: AIC=-42.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.5300 38.672 -43.029
## <none> 38.142 -42.092
## - lbph 1 1.5535 39.695 -41.018
## - lweight 1 2.4866 40.629 -39.229
## - svi 1 6.7704 44.912 -31.510
## - lcavol 1 19.1576 57.300 -12.754
##
## Step: AIC=-43.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.672 -43.029
## - lbph 1 1.9231 40.595 -41.292
## - lweight 1 2.1721 40.844 -40.821
## - svi 1 7.6378 46.310 -31.151
## - lcavol 1 24.8047 63.477 -6.871
## Start: AIC=26.49
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-43.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0459 34.549 -45.709
## - pgg45 1 0.1166 34.620 -45.552
## - gleason 1 0.1567 34.660 -45.463
## <none> 34.503 -43.812
## - age 1 1.6501 36.154 -42.214
## - lbph 1 1.8432 36.347 -41.804
## - svi 1 4.6043 39.108 -36.166
## - lweight 1 4.7608 39.264 -35.859
## - lcavol 1 12.0715 46.575 -22.711
##
## Step: AIC=-45.71
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0777 34.627 -47.536
## - gleason 1 0.1572 34.707 -47.360
## <none> 34.549 -45.709
## - age 1 1.6042 36.154 -44.214
## - lbph 1 1.8822 36.431 -43.625
## - lweight 1 4.7620 39.311 -37.766
## - svi 1 5.0232 39.573 -37.257
## - lcavol 1 14.5197 49.069 -20.695
##
## Step: AIC=-47.54
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.6147 35.242 -48.181
## <none> 34.627 -47.536
## - age 1 1.5356 36.163 -46.195
## - lbph 1 1.9718 36.599 -45.272
## - lweight 1 4.6892 39.316 -39.757
## - svi 1 5.7147 40.342 -37.774
## - lcavol 1 14.4557 49.083 -22.673
##
## Step: AIC=-48.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.242 -48.181
## - age 1 1.2978 36.540 -47.397
## - lbph 1 2.2347 37.477 -45.447
## - lweight 1 4.3706 39.612 -41.179
## - svi 1 6.2706 41.512 -37.572
## - lcavol 1 19.5907 54.832 -16.143
## Start: AIC=32.69
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-58.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0644 28.726 -59.923
## - gleason 1 0.3245 28.986 -59.229
## - lcp 1 0.7512 29.413 -58.103
## <none> 28.661 -58.096
## - age 1 1.7228 30.384 -55.601
## - lbph 1 2.1413 30.803 -54.548
## - lweight 1 2.2268 30.888 -54.334
## - svi 1 4.9020 33.563 -47.938
## - lcavol 1 21.2195 49.881 -17.431
##
## Step: AIC=-59.92
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6948 29.421 -60.083
## <none> 28.726 -59.923
## - gleason 1 0.9571 29.683 -59.399
## - age 1 1.6635 30.389 -57.588
## - lbph 1 2.1332 30.859 -56.407
## - lweight 1 2.2370 30.963 -56.149
## - svi 1 4.9290 33.655 -49.729
## - lcavol 1 21.2656 49.991 -19.261
##
## Step: AIC=-60.08
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.6134 30.034 -60.494
## <none> 29.421 -60.083
## - age 1 1.3414 30.762 -58.650
## - lbph 1 2.0658 31.486 -56.857
## - lweight 1 2.3137 31.734 -56.253
## - svi 1 4.2746 33.695 -51.637
## - lcavol 1 23.3364 52.757 -17.115
##
## Step: AIC=-60.49
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 30.034 -60.494
## - age 1 1.1067 31.141 -59.707
## - lweight 1 1.9866 32.020 -57.562
## - lbph 1 2.1975 32.231 -57.056
## - svi 1 4.5515 34.585 -51.629
## - lcavol 1 29.3456 59.379 -10.009
## Start: AIC=2.69
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-60.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0706 27.901 -62.166
## <none> 27.830 -60.361
## - lbph 1 0.9264 28.757 -59.840
## - pgg45 1 1.1266 28.957 -59.306
## - lcp 1 1.3358 29.166 -58.751
## - age 1 2.1879 30.018 -56.534
## - svi 1 2.5564 30.387 -55.595
## - lweight 1 6.2977 34.128 -46.654
## - lcavol 1 11.7111 39.541 -35.317
##
## Step: AIC=-62.17
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 27.901 -62.166
## - lbph 1 0.9653 28.866 -61.547
## - lcp 1 1.3152 29.216 -60.620
## - age 1 2.1297 30.031 -58.502
## - svi 1 2.4956 30.396 -57.570
## - pgg45 1 2.5886 30.489 -57.335
## - lweight 1 6.2341 34.135 -48.638
## - lcavol 1 12.4904 40.391 -35.680
## Start: AIC=29.17
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.25
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0116 34.318 -46.227
## - lcp 1 0.4448 34.751 -45.261
## - pgg45 1 0.4583 34.764 -45.231
## <none> 34.306 -44.253
## - age 1 1.3125 35.619 -43.362
## - lweight 1 1.9820 36.288 -41.928
## - lbph 1 2.1782 36.484 -41.513
## - svi 1 4.0214 38.328 -37.718
## - lcavol 1 21.0407 55.347 -9.424
##
## Step: AIC=-46.23
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4333 34.751 -47.261
## - pgg45 1 0.8873 35.205 -46.262
## <none> 34.318 -46.227
## - age 1 1.3018 35.619 -45.360
## - lweight 1 1.9704 36.288 -43.928
## - lbph 1 2.1744 36.492 -43.497
## - svi 1 4.1587 38.476 -39.420
## - lcavol 1 21.8992 56.217 -10.223
##
## Step: AIC=-47.26
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5266 35.278 -48.103
## <none> 34.751 -47.261
## - age 1 1.1041 35.855 -46.853
## - lweight 1 2.0158 36.767 -44.919
## - lbph 1 2.0643 36.815 -44.818
## - svi 1 3.7488 38.500 -41.373
## - lcavol 1 23.8806 58.632 -8.985
##
## Step: AIC=-48.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.8119 36.089 -48.351
## <none> 35.278 -48.103
## - lweight 1 1.8297 37.107 -46.210
## - lbph 1 2.0928 37.370 -45.666
## - svi 1 4.8633 40.141 -40.159
## - lcavol 1 26.4790 61.757 -6.987
##
## Step: AIC=-48.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.089 -48.351
## - lbph 1 1.5099 37.599 -47.195
## - lweight 1 1.6162 37.706 -46.978
## - svi 1 4.5705 40.660 -41.169
## - lcavol 1 25.9555 62.045 -8.628
## Start: AIC=32.78
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-43.38
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0156 34.712 -45.347
## - lcp 1 0.2288 34.925 -44.875
## - pgg45 1 0.5422 35.239 -44.188
## <none> 34.697 -43.381
## - lbph 1 1.4914 36.188 -42.141
## - age 1 1.5805 36.277 -41.951
## - svi 1 5.1908 39.887 -34.646
## - lweight 1 5.3632 40.060 -34.314
## - lcavol 1 16.7130 51.410 -15.106
##
## Step: AIC=-45.35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2296 34.942 -46.839
## - pgg45 1 0.7521 35.464 -45.696
## <none> 34.712 -45.347
## - lbph 1 1.4814 36.194 -44.129
## - age 1 1.5842 36.296 -43.911
## - svi 1 5.2724 39.985 -36.459
## - lweight 1 5.5426 40.255 -35.940
## - lcavol 1 17.2556 51.968 -16.275
##
## Step: AIC=-46.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5250 35.467 -47.691
## <none> 34.942 -46.839
## - age 1 1.3907 36.332 -45.834
## - lbph 1 1.4494 36.391 -45.710
## - lweight 1 5.3872 40.329 -37.799
## - svi 1 5.4902 40.432 -37.602
## - lcavol 1 19.4772 54.419 -14.726
##
## Step: AIC=-47.69
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.467 -47.691
## - age 1 1.0853 36.552 -47.370
## - lbph 1 1.5755 37.042 -46.344
## - lweight 1 5.0955 40.562 -39.354
## - svi 1 7.2771 42.744 -35.320
## - lcavol 1 22.1012 57.568 -12.395
## Start: AIC=24.47
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0376 34.338 -46.182
## - age 1 0.4242 34.724 -45.321
## - lcp 1 0.5428 34.843 -45.058
## - pgg45 1 0.6605 34.961 -44.798
## <none> 34.300 -44.267
## - lbph 1 1.5678 35.868 -42.825
## - lweight 1 3.0690 37.369 -39.668
## - svi 1 6.6888 40.989 -32.549
## - lcavol 1 15.5863 49.886 -17.423
##
## Step: AIC=-46.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4056 34.743 -47.278
## - lcp 1 0.5462 34.884 -46.967
## <none> 34.338 -46.182
## - pgg45 1 1.4051 35.743 -45.094
## - lbph 1 1.5766 35.914 -44.726
## - lweight 1 3.0325 37.370 -41.666
## - svi 1 6.6518 40.989 -34.548
## - lcavol 1 16.3322 50.670 -18.223
##
## Step: AIC=-47.28
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4250 35.168 -48.342
## <none> 34.743 -47.278
## - pgg45 1 1.1726 35.916 -46.722
## - lbph 1 1.3171 36.060 -46.413
## - lweight 1 2.7919 37.535 -43.327
## - svi 1 6.7427 41.486 -35.621
## - lcavol 1 15.9334 50.677 -20.212
##
## Step: AIC=-48.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7942 35.962 -48.622
## <none> 35.168 -48.342
## - lbph 1 1.4325 36.601 -47.268
## - lweight 1 2.7636 37.932 -44.517
## - svi 1 6.4002 41.568 -37.468
## - lcavol 1 17.2497 52.418 -19.611
##
## Step: AIC=-48.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.962 -48.622
## - lbph 1 1.6562 37.619 -47.156
## - lweight 1 2.3871 38.350 -45.674
## - svi 1 8.5606 44.523 -34.181
## - lcavol 1 19.6265 55.589 -17.088
## Start: AIC=24.57
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0878 35.954 -42.641
## - pgg45 1 0.6650 36.531 -41.415
## - lcp 1 0.7564 36.623 -41.222
## - age 1 0.7639 36.630 -41.206
## <none> 35.866 -40.829
## - lbph 1 1.4232 37.289 -39.833
## - svi 1 4.3452 40.211 -34.024
## - lweight 1 4.4036 40.270 -33.912
## - lcavol 1 20.2084 56.075 -8.419
##
## Step: AIC=-42.64
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6233 36.577 -43.317
## - age 1 0.7972 36.751 -42.952
## - lcp 1 0.8083 36.762 -42.929
## <none> 35.954 -42.641
## - lbph 1 1.3534 37.307 -41.795
## - lweight 1 4.5144 40.468 -35.533
## - svi 1 4.6453 40.599 -35.284
## - lcavol 1 20.4164 56.370 -10.013
##
## Step: AIC=-43.32
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.3579 36.935 -44.568
## - age 1 0.5591 37.136 -44.149
## <none> 36.577 -43.317
## - lbph 1 1.5664 38.144 -42.088
## - lweight 1 4.3509 40.928 -36.663
## - svi 1 5.0805 41.658 -35.303
## - lcavol 1 20.2462 56.823 -11.397
##
## Step: AIC=-44.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5487 37.484 -45.432
## <none> 36.935 -44.568
## - lbph 1 1.5283 38.463 -43.446
## - lweight 1 4.5072 41.442 -37.702
## - svi 1 5.1981 42.133 -36.429
## - lcavol 1 23.5456 60.481 -8.594
##
## Step: AIC=-45.43
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.484 -45.432
## - lbph 1 1.2056 38.689 -44.995
## - lweight 1 3.9866 41.470 -39.650
## - svi 1 5.2509 42.735 -37.337
## - lcavol 1 23.4824 60.966 -9.978
## Start: AIC=23.17
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.92
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0009 35.825 -42.916
## - lcp 1 0.4243 36.249 -42.012
## - pgg45 1 0.4996 36.324 -41.852
## <none> 35.824 -40.918
## - lbph 1 1.4193 37.244 -39.927
## - age 1 1.8733 37.698 -38.994
## - svi 1 3.1823 39.007 -36.365
## - lweight 1 4.0453 39.870 -34.680
## - lcavol 1 14.5675 50.392 -16.646
##
## Step: AIC=-42.92
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4442 36.270 -43.968
## <none> 35.825 -42.916
## - pgg45 1 0.9544 36.780 -42.892
## - lbph 1 1.4561 37.281 -41.849
## - age 1 1.8725 37.698 -40.994
## - svi 1 3.1980 39.023 -38.333
## - lweight 1 4.0747 39.900 -36.622
## - lcavol 1 15.6404 51.466 -17.022
##
## Step: AIC=-43.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5604 36.830 -44.787
## <none> 36.270 -43.968
## - lbph 1 1.4062 37.676 -43.039
## - age 1 1.7255 37.995 -42.389
## - svi 1 2.7826 39.052 -40.276
## - lweight 1 4.0160 40.286 -37.882
## - lcavol 1 17.0287 53.298 -16.328
##
## Step: AIC=-44.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.830 -44.787
## - age 1 1.4720 38.302 -43.769
## - lbph 1 1.6302 38.460 -43.452
## - lweight 1 3.7411 40.571 -39.338
## - svi 1 4.0966 40.927 -38.666
## - lcavol 1 19.0439 55.874 -14.695
## Start: AIC=13.5
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-46.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0132 33.507 -48.069
## - lbph 1 0.1000 33.593 -47.870
## - age 1 0.2459 33.739 -47.536
## - pgg45 1 0.2749 33.768 -47.470
## - lcp 1 0.4323 33.926 -47.112
## <none> 33.493 -46.099
## - svi 1 1.9416 35.435 -43.760
## - lweight 1 3.6929 37.186 -40.046
## - lcavol 1 17.5472 51.041 -15.661
##
## Step: AIC=-48.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.1023 33.609 -49.834
## - age 1 0.2351 33.742 -49.531
## - lcp 1 0.4276 33.934 -49.092
## - pgg45 1 0.5574 34.064 -48.799
## <none> 33.507 -48.069
## - svi 1 1.9287 35.435 -45.760
## - lweight 1 3.6972 37.204 -42.009
## - lcavol 1 18.1252 51.632 -16.774
##
## Step: AIC=-49.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.1715 33.780 -51.442
## - lcp 1 0.4013 34.010 -50.920
## - pgg45 1 0.5815 34.190 -50.513
## <none> 33.609 -49.834
## - svi 1 1.8307 35.440 -47.750
## - lweight 1 4.8170 38.426 -41.521
## - lcavol 1 18.0229 51.632 -18.774
##
## Step: AIC=-51.44
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.3469 34.127 -52.655
## - pgg45 1 0.4653 34.246 -52.389
## <none> 33.780 -51.442
## - svi 1 1.7868 35.567 -49.473
## - lweight 1 4.7010 38.481 -43.409
## - lcavol 1 17.8521 51.633 -20.773
##
## Step: AIC=-52.66
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2060 34.333 -54.192
## <none> 34.127 -52.655
## - svi 1 1.4404 35.568 -51.472
## - lweight 1 4.6949 38.822 -44.731
## - lcavol 1 18.8350 52.962 -20.815
##
## Step: AIC=-54.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.333 -54.192
## - svi 1 1.9736 36.307 -51.889
## - lweight 1 4.5495 38.883 -46.610
## - lcavol 1 20.7434 55.077 -19.801
## Start: AIC=32.79
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-42.54
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0419 35.122 -44.444
## - pgg45 1 0.1875 35.267 -44.125
## - lcp 1 0.4207 35.501 -43.618
## <none> 35.080 -42.535
## - lbph 1 2.2472 37.327 -39.754
## - age 1 2.6533 37.733 -38.921
## - lweight 1 3.6274 38.707 -36.959
## - svi 1 5.6687 40.749 -33.002
## - lcavol 1 17.8288 52.909 -12.893
##
## Step: AIC=-44.44
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4201 35.542 -45.528
## - pgg45 1 0.5926 35.714 -45.155
## <none> 35.122 -44.444
## - lbph 1 2.3075 37.429 -41.544
## - age 1 2.6246 37.746 -40.895
## - lweight 1 3.5900 38.712 -38.950
## - svi 1 5.6615 40.783 -34.936
## - lcavol 1 18.2484 53.370 -14.225
##
## Step: AIC=-45.53
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2777 35.820 -46.929
## <none> 35.542 -45.528
## - age 1 2.3817 37.924 -42.534
## - lbph 1 2.4066 37.949 -42.483
## - lweight 1 3.5868 39.129 -40.125
## - svi 1 5.2513 40.793 -36.917
## - lcavol 1 21.8440 57.386 -10.638
##
## Step: AIC=-46.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.820 -46.929
## - age 1 2.1392 37.959 -44.462
## - lbph 1 2.5805 38.400 -43.572
## - lweight 1 3.3693 39.189 -42.007
## - svi 1 6.0839 41.904 -36.849
## - lcavol 1 24.8723 60.692 -8.326
## Start: AIC=8.52
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-67.16
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1027 25.583 -68.845
## - age 1 0.2830 25.763 -68.305
## - lcp 1 0.5492 26.029 -67.513
## - lbph 1 0.5499 26.030 -67.511
## - pgg45 1 0.5676 26.048 -67.459
## <none> 25.480 -67.155
## - svi 1 2.5199 28.000 -61.894
## - lweight 1 7.5507 33.031 -49.170
## - lcavol 1 13.3572 38.837 -36.701
##
## Step: AIC=-68.85
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.2538 25.837 -70.085
## - lcp 1 0.5500 26.133 -69.207
## - lbph 1 0.5815 26.164 -69.115
## <none> 25.583 -68.845
## - pgg45 1 1.6242 27.207 -66.105
## - svi 1 2.4410 28.024 -63.828
## - lweight 1 7.4720 33.055 -51.114
## - lcavol 1 14.1094 39.692 -37.024
##
## Step: AIC=-70.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4321 26.269 -70.808
## - lcp 1 0.4847 26.321 -70.654
## <none> 25.837 -70.085
## - pgg45 1 1.4765 27.313 -67.806
## - svi 1 2.4806 28.317 -65.026
## - lweight 1 7.2398 33.076 -53.064
## - lcavol 1 13.9173 39.754 -38.905
##
## Step: AIC=-70.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4097 26.678 -71.617
## <none> 26.269 -70.808
## - pgg45 1 1.5819 27.850 -68.306
## - svi 1 2.1481 28.417 -66.756
## - lweight 1 10.9745 37.243 -45.928
## - lcavol 1 13.5786 39.847 -40.724
##
## Step: AIC=-71.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 26.678 -71.617
## - pgg45 1 1.1810 27.859 -70.281
## - svi 1 1.7571 28.435 -68.705
## - lweight 1 11.0902 37.769 -46.849
## - lcavol 1 14.3800 41.058 -40.419
## Start: AIC=34.2
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.54
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0408 33.779 -47.446
## - gleason 1 0.1176 33.855 -47.271
## - lcp 1 0.3063 34.044 -46.843
## <none> 33.738 -45.539
## - lweight 1 1.4797 35.217 -44.234
## - lbph 1 1.6750 35.413 -43.808
## - age 1 2.4891 36.227 -42.058
## - svi 1 5.3640 39.102 -36.178
## - lcavol 1 20.8777 54.616 -10.449
##
## Step: AIC=-47.45
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2662 34.045 -48.842
## - gleason 1 0.3734 34.152 -48.600
## <none> 33.779 -47.446
## - lweight 1 1.4432 35.222 -46.225
## - lbph 1 1.7566 35.535 -45.543
## - age 1 2.4485 36.227 -44.058
## - svi 1 5.6233 39.402 -37.589
## - lcavol 1 20.8699 54.648 -12.402
##
## Step: AIC=-48.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.2226 34.267 -50.340
## <none> 34.045 -48.842
## - lweight 1 1.4507 35.495 -47.629
## - lbph 1 1.7309 35.776 -47.023
## - age 1 2.3404 36.385 -45.723
## - svi 1 5.7761 39.821 -38.775
## - lcavol 1 23.0164 57.061 -11.075
##
## Step: AIC=-50.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.267 -50.340
## - lweight 1 1.2949 35.562 -49.484
## - lbph 1 1.9580 36.225 -48.062
## - age 1 2.1347 36.402 -47.687
## - svi 1 6.2725 40.540 -39.397
## - lcavol 1 26.6454 60.913 -8.046
## Start: AIC=26.29
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-46.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0883 33.290 -48.569
## - pgg45 1 0.2895 33.491 -48.105
## - lcp 1 0.4338 33.635 -47.774
## <none> 33.201 -46.773
## - age 1 0.9365 34.138 -46.631
## - lbph 1 1.4499 34.651 -45.482
## - lweight 1 2.0698 35.271 -44.117
## - svi 1 5.2085 38.410 -37.553
## - lcavol 1 21.4236 54.625 -10.435
##
## Step: AIC=-48.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.2031 33.493 -50.100
## - lcp 1 0.4376 33.727 -49.563
## <none> 33.290 -48.569
## - age 1 1.0691 34.359 -48.135
## - lbph 1 1.4998 34.790 -47.176
## - lweight 1 2.2222 35.512 -45.593
## - svi 1 5.3484 38.638 -39.096
## - lcavol 1 21.8950 55.185 -11.650
##
## Step: AIC=-50.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2597 33.753 -51.506
## <none> 33.493 -50.100
## - age 1 0.9048 34.398 -50.048
## - lbph 1 1.7240 35.217 -48.236
## - lweight 1 2.0386 35.531 -47.551
## - svi 1 5.4079 38.901 -40.575
## - lcavol 1 21.7905 55.283 -13.513
##
## Step: AIC=-51.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.8849 34.638 -51.513
## <none> 33.753 -51.506
## - lbph 1 1.6459 35.398 -49.840
## - lweight 1 2.1934 35.946 -48.658
## - svi 1 5.4620 39.215 -41.956
## - lcavol 1 26.4584 60.211 -8.938
##
## Step: AIC=-51.51
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.638 -51.513
## - lbph 1 1.0794 35.717 -51.150
## - lweight 1 1.9000 36.537 -49.401
## - svi 1 5.3316 39.969 -42.489
## - lcavol 1 25.6707 60.308 -10.814
## Start: AIC=17.45
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0430 32.155 -51.239
## - gleason 1 0.1141 32.226 -51.069
## <none> 32.112 -49.342
## - pgg45 1 1.0825 33.195 -48.789
## - age 1 1.1844 33.297 -48.553
## - lbph 1 1.7951 33.907 -47.153
## - svi 1 2.2843 34.397 -46.050
## - lweight 1 2.8544 34.967 -44.785
## - lcavol 1 9.1368 41.249 -32.062
##
## Step: AIC=-51.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1146 32.270 -52.965
## <none> 32.155 -51.239
## - pgg45 1 1.0448 33.200 -50.777
## - age 1 1.1415 33.297 -50.553
## - lbph 1 1.7631 33.918 -49.128
## - svi 1 2.5321 34.687 -47.402
## - lweight 1 2.9005 35.056 -46.589
## - lcavol 1 11.4674 43.623 -29.754
##
## Step: AIC=-52.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 32.270 -52.965
## - age 1 1.0902 33.360 -52.406
## - lbph 1 1.8064 34.076 -50.771
## - svi 1 2.4177 34.688 -49.402
## - lweight 1 2.8053 35.075 -48.546
## - pgg45 1 2.9566 35.226 -48.215
## - lcavol 1 12.8439 45.114 -29.166
## Start: AIC=25.98
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-39.66
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0578 36.474 -41.534
## - pgg45 1 0.3389 36.756 -40.943
## - lcp 1 0.4857 36.902 -40.636
## - age 1 0.8393 37.256 -39.901
## - lbph 1 0.9435 37.360 -39.686
## <none> 36.417 -39.656
## - lweight 1 1.7572 38.174 -38.027
## - svi 1 3.3940 39.811 -34.795
## - lcavol 1 18.6680 55.085 -9.790
##
## Step: AIC=-41.53
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4539 36.928 -42.582
## - age 1 0.8280 37.303 -41.805
## - pgg45 1 0.9199 37.394 -41.616
## <none> 36.474 -41.534
## - lbph 1 0.9622 37.437 -41.529
## - lweight 1 1.7413 38.216 -39.943
## - svi 1 3.3717 39.846 -36.726
## - lcavol 1 19.8581 56.333 -10.065
##
## Step: AIC=-42.58
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5824 37.511 -43.377
## - age 1 0.6131 37.541 -43.314
## - lbph 1 0.8105 37.739 -42.910
## <none> 36.928 -42.582
## - lweight 1 1.9017 38.830 -40.715
## - svi 1 3.0242 39.953 -38.521
## - lcavol 1 23.0397 59.968 -7.250
##
## Step: AIC=-43.38
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4210 37.932 -44.517
## - lbph 1 0.9598 38.471 -43.431
## <none> 37.511 -43.377
## - lweight 1 1.6581 39.169 -42.046
## - svi 1 4.3877 41.898 -36.859
## - lcavol 1 25.4389 62.950 -5.513
##
## Step: AIC=-44.52
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6775 38.609 -45.154
## <none> 37.932 -44.517
## - lweight 1 1.4225 39.354 -43.683
## - svi 1 4.4188 42.351 -38.032
## - lcavol 1 25.5735 63.505 -6.837
##
## Step: AIC=-45.15
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.609 -45.154
## - lweight 1 3.0445 41.654 -41.310
## - svi 1 4.0987 42.708 -39.385
## - lcavol 1 25.4317 64.041 -8.190
## Start: AIC=28.51
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.61
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0005 32.000 -51.612
## - pgg45 1 0.1336 32.133 -51.292
## - lcp 1 0.2746 32.274 -50.955
## <none> 31.999 -49.613
## - age 1 0.8602 32.860 -49.570
## - lweight 1 0.9314 32.931 -49.404
## - lbph 1 1.8144 33.814 -47.366
## - svi 1 4.2775 36.277 -41.952
## - lcavol 1 23.6347 55.634 -9.026
##
## Step: AIC=-51.61
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1865 32.186 -53.164
## - lcp 1 0.2883 32.288 -52.921
## <none> 32.000 -51.612
## - age 1 0.8796 32.880 -51.524
## - lweight 1 0.9530 32.953 -51.352
## - lbph 1 1.8209 33.821 -49.350
## - svi 1 4.5455 36.545 -43.384
## - lcavol 1 24.1966 56.196 -10.251
##
## Step: AIC=-53.16
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1416 32.328 -54.826
## - age 1 0.7264 32.913 -53.446
## <none> 32.186 -53.164
## - lweight 1 0.8583 33.045 -53.138
## - lbph 1 1.8856 34.072 -50.780
## - svi 1 4.5142 36.701 -45.058
## - lcavol 1 24.0685 56.255 -12.171
##
## Step: AIC=-54.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6802 33.008 -55.223
## <none> 32.328 -54.826
## - lweight 1 0.9132 33.241 -54.681
## - lbph 1 1.7704 34.098 -52.721
## - svi 1 5.6689 37.997 -44.385
## - lcavol 1 29.0713 61.399 -7.433
##
## Step: AIC=-55.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lweight 1 0.8063 33.814 -55.365
## <none> 33.008 -55.223
## - lbph 1 1.2326 34.241 -54.400
## - svi 1 5.3866 38.395 -45.583
## - lcavol 1 28.7915 61.800 -8.933
##
## Step: AIC=-55.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.814 -55.365
## - lbph 1 3.006 36.821 -50.807
## - svi 1 5.656 39.470 -45.456
## - lcavol 1 31.937 65.752 -6.160
## Start: AIC=27.8
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-46.37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0039 33.379 -48.364
## - lcp 1 0.0125 33.387 -48.344
## - gleason 1 0.0880 33.463 -48.170
## - lbph 1 0.5717 33.946 -47.065
## <none> 33.375 -46.373
## - age 1 1.0510 34.426 -45.985
## - lweight 1 2.9176 36.292 -41.919
## - svi 1 3.2001 36.575 -41.322
## - lcavol 1 17.8537 51.228 -15.378
##
## Step: AIC=-48.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0088 33.387 -50.344
## - gleason 1 0.1077 33.486 -50.116
## - lbph 1 0.5692 33.948 -49.062
## <none> 33.379 -48.364
## - age 1 1.0668 34.445 -47.941
## - lweight 1 2.9384 36.317 -43.867
## - svi 1 3.1966 36.575 -43.322
## - lcavol 1 18.0794 51.458 -17.034
##
## Step: AIC=-50.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1514 33.539 -51.995
## - lbph 1 0.5717 33.959 -51.036
## <none> 33.387 -50.344
## - age 1 1.0975 34.485 -49.853
## - lweight 1 2.9584 36.346 -45.806
## - svi 1 4.5150 37.902 -42.577
## - lcavol 1 21.3622 54.750 -14.260
##
## Step: AIC=-52
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6041 34.143 -52.621
## <none> 33.539 -51.995
## - age 1 0.9699 34.509 -51.800
## - lweight 1 2.8136 36.352 -47.792
## - svi 1 4.7155 38.254 -43.866
## - lcavol 1 25.9199 59.459 -9.907
##
## Step: AIC=-52.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6138 34.756 -53.249
## <none> 34.143 -52.621
## - svi 1 4.3117 38.454 -45.463
## - lweight 1 4.5914 38.734 -44.905
## - lcavol 1 25.7281 59.871 -11.374
##
## Step: AIC=-53.25
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.756 -53.249
## - lweight 1 4.0766 38.833 -46.709
## - svi 1 4.5832 39.340 -45.711
## - lcavol 1 25.1150 59.872 -13.374
## Start: AIC=16.63
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-58.12
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0789 28.732 -59.906
## - lcp 1 0.0869 28.740 -59.884
## - pgg45 1 0.2151 28.868 -59.541
## <none> 28.653 -58.117
## - age 1 1.6680 30.321 -55.761
## - lbph 1 1.9988 30.652 -54.925
## - svi 1 2.2215 30.875 -54.368
## - lweight 1 3.0354 31.689 -52.364
## - lcavol 1 18.9777 47.631 -20.985
##
## Step: AIC=-59.91
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.0738 28.806 -61.708
## - pgg45 1 0.6030 29.335 -60.306
## <none> 28.732 -59.906
## - age 1 1.6008 30.333 -57.731
## - lbph 1 2.0064 30.739 -56.708
## - svi 1 2.1426 30.875 -56.368
## - lweight 1 2.9992 31.731 -54.260
## - lcavol 1 20.0514 48.784 -21.144
##
## Step: AIC=-61.71
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5603 29.366 -62.225
## <none> 28.806 -61.708
## - age 1 1.5353 30.341 -59.710
## - lbph 1 1.9610 30.767 -58.637
## - svi 1 2.2457 31.052 -57.928
## - lweight 1 3.0723 31.878 -55.905
## - lcavol 1 23.2357 52.042 -18.166
##
## Step: AIC=-62.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 29.366 -62.225
## - age 1 1.2467 30.613 -61.023
## - lbph 1 2.1035 31.470 -58.898
## - lweight 1 2.7922 32.159 -57.231
## - svi 1 2.9777 32.344 -56.788
## - lcavol 1 26.3779 55.744 -14.873
## Start: AIC=16.14
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-49.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0021 31.910 -51.828
## - pgg45 1 0.3620 32.270 -50.965
## - lcp 1 0.5883 32.496 -50.427
## <none> 31.908 -49.833
## - age 1 0.9000 32.808 -49.692
## - lbph 1 1.4356 33.343 -48.445
## - lweight 1 1.7214 33.629 -47.788
## - svi 1 3.7777 35.686 -43.218
## - lcavol 1 19.8623 51.770 -14.568
##
## Step: AIC=-51.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5890 32.499 -52.420
## - pgg45 1 0.7528 32.663 -52.033
## <none> 31.910 -51.828
## - age 1 0.8994 32.809 -51.688
## - lbph 1 1.4336 33.344 -50.445
## - lweight 1 1.7486 33.659 -49.720
## - svi 1 3.8054 35.715 -45.153
## - lcavol 1 20.6328 52.543 -15.428
##
## Step: AIC=-52.42
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3399 32.839 -53.619
## - age 1 0.7567 33.256 -52.648
## <none> 32.499 -52.420
## - lbph 1 1.3740 33.873 -51.232
## - lweight 1 1.7333 34.232 -50.419
## - svi 1 3.2176 35.717 -47.151
## - lcavol 1 21.7861 54.285 -14.916
##
## Step: AIC=-53.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.5914 33.430 -54.244
## <none> 32.839 -53.619
## - lbph 1 1.4514 34.290 -52.289
## - lweight 1 1.6227 34.462 -51.905
## - svi 1 4.1467 36.986 -46.462
## - lcavol 1 24.9514 57.790 -12.098
##
## Step: AIC=-54.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.430 -54.244
## - lbph 1 1.0590 34.489 -53.843
## - lweight 1 1.4756 34.906 -52.919
## - svi 1 3.9461 37.376 -47.653
## - lcavol 1 24.3602 57.790 -14.098
## Start: AIC=29
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-35
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0015 38.686 -37.001
## - pgg45 1 0.4079 39.093 -36.196
## - age 1 0.4731 39.158 -36.068
## - lcp 1 0.6252 39.310 -35.769
## - lbph 1 0.6547 39.339 -35.712
## <none> 38.685 -35.004
## - lweight 1 3.7616 42.446 -29.859
## - svi 1 4.0357 42.720 -29.363
## - lcavol 1 21.5441 60.229 -2.915
##
## Step: AIC=-37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4733 39.159 -38.065
## - lcp 1 0.6295 39.316 -37.758
## - lbph 1 0.6635 39.350 -37.691
## - pgg45 1 0.8855 39.572 -37.258
## <none> 38.686 -37.001
## - lweight 1 3.7605 42.447 -31.858
## - svi 1 4.0408 42.727 -31.351
## - lcavol 1 22.1236 60.810 -4.176
##
## Step: AIC=-38.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4198 39.579 -39.244
## - lcp 1 0.4849 39.644 -39.117
## - pgg45 1 0.6123 39.772 -38.870
## <none> 39.159 -38.065
## - lweight 1 3.3986 42.558 -33.656
## - svi 1 4.0053 43.165 -32.566
## - lcavol 1 21.6531 60.812 -6.173
##
## Step: AIC=-39.24
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4394 40.019 -40.393
## - pgg45 1 0.7507 40.330 -39.797
## <none> 39.579 -39.244
## - svi 1 3.8226 43.402 -34.145
## - lweight 1 5.6139 45.193 -31.030
## - lcavol 1 21.5117 61.091 -7.821
##
## Step: AIC=-40.39
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4022 40.421 -41.623
## <none> 40.019 -40.393
## - svi 1 3.3934 43.412 -36.126
## - lweight 1 5.7721 45.791 -32.019
## - lcavol 1 23.9900 64.009 -6.229
##
## Step: AIC=-41.62
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 40.421 -41.623
## - svi 1 4.6801 45.101 -35.188
## - lweight 1 5.5761 45.997 -33.673
## - lcavol 1 28.8942 69.315 -2.096
## Start: AIC=16.96
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-48.25
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3964 32.966 -49.322
## - gleason 1 0.4493 33.019 -49.199
## - lbph 1 0.7858 33.355 -48.418
## <none> 32.569 -48.254
## - lcp 1 1.4219 33.991 -46.963
## - age 1 2.5233 35.093 -44.508
## - lweight 1 3.1063 35.676 -43.239
## - svi 1 3.7389 36.308 -41.886
## - lcavol 1 19.4927 52.062 -14.136
##
## Step: AIC=-49.32
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.8023 33.768 -49.470
## <none> 32.966 -49.322
## - lcp 1 1.0559 34.022 -48.894
## - gleason 1 1.6813 34.647 -47.492
## - age 1 2.2543 35.220 -46.229
## - lweight 1 3.0963 36.062 -44.410
## - svi 1 3.8692 36.835 -42.777
## - lcavol 1 19.1088 52.074 -16.117
##
## Step: AIC=-49.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.768 -49.470
## - lcp 1 0.9682 34.736 -49.294
## - age 1 1.7873 35.555 -47.499
## - gleason 1 1.8729 35.641 -47.314
## - svi 1 3.3938 37.162 -44.096
## - lweight 1 5.3010 39.069 -40.243
## - lcavol 1 18.8670 52.635 -17.293
## Start: AIC=17.65
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-42.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0008 35.283 -44.090
## - pgg45 1 0.4596 35.742 -43.096
## - age 1 0.6169 35.899 -42.757
## - lbph 1 0.7324 36.015 -42.510
## - lcp 1 0.8471 36.130 -42.265
## <none> 35.283 -42.092
## - lweight 1 3.2771 38.560 -37.253
## - svi 1 4.2327 39.515 -35.368
## - lcavol 1 15.4847 50.767 -16.075
##
## Step: AIC=-44.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6163 35.900 -44.757
## - lbph 1 0.7328 36.016 -44.508
## - lcp 1 0.8556 36.139 -44.246
## <none> 35.283 -44.090
## - pgg45 1 0.9613 36.245 -44.021
## - lweight 1 3.2896 38.573 -39.227
## - svi 1 4.2500 39.533 -37.333
## - lcavol 1 15.9445 51.228 -17.379
##
## Step: AIC=-44.76
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4455 36.345 -45.807
## - lcp 1 0.5980 36.498 -45.485
## - pgg45 1 0.6609 36.561 -45.352
## <none> 35.900 -44.757
## - lweight 1 2.8651 38.765 -40.845
## - svi 1 3.9544 39.854 -38.711
## - lcavol 1 15.4253 51.325 -19.233
##
## Step: AIC=-45.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5922 36.937 -46.563
## - pgg45 1 0.9206 37.266 -45.881
## <none> 36.345 -45.807
## - svi 1 3.6263 39.971 -40.484
## - lweight 1 4.9427 41.288 -37.989
## - lcavol 1 15.2453 51.590 -20.836
##
## Step: AIC=-46.56
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4709 37.408 -47.587
## <none> 36.937 -46.563
## - svi 1 3.1061 40.043 -42.346
## - lweight 1 5.0014 41.939 -38.785
## - lcavol 1 16.1881 53.125 -20.578
##
## Step: AIC=-47.59
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.408 -47.587
## - svi 1 4.3666 41.775 -41.086
## - lweight 1 4.9789 42.387 -39.966
## - lcavol 1 19.0218 56.430 -17.932
## Start: AIC=22.83
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-42.11
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1220 35.397 -43.842
## - pgg45 1 0.1233 35.399 -43.839
## - lcp 1 0.3323 35.608 -43.386
## <none> 35.275 -42.108
## - lbph 1 0.9643 36.240 -42.031
## - age 1 2.6659 37.941 -38.498
## - lweight 1 3.1447 38.420 -37.532
## - svi 1 3.7640 39.039 -36.301
## - lcavol 1 11.9551 47.230 -21.635
##
## Step: AIC=-43.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4078 35.805 -44.960
## - pgg45 1 0.6527 36.050 -44.435
## <none> 35.397 -43.842
## - lbph 1 1.0447 36.442 -43.602
## - age 1 2.6574 38.055 -40.268
## - lweight 1 3.0235 38.421 -39.531
## - svi 1 3.7908 39.188 -38.008
## - lcavol 1 13.0745 48.472 -21.637
##
## Step: AIC=-44.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3471 36.152 -46.217
## <none> 35.805 -44.960
## - lbph 1 1.0833 36.888 -44.665
## - age 1 2.3858 38.191 -41.993
## - lweight 1 2.9874 38.792 -40.790
## - svi 1 3.4253 39.230 -39.925
## - lcavol 1 14.2642 50.069 -21.141
##
## Step: AIC=-46.22
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.152 -46.217
## - lbph 1 1.2685 37.421 -45.562
## - age 1 2.1043 38.257 -43.861
## - lweight 1 2.7828 38.935 -42.507
## - svi 1 4.4285 40.581 -39.319
## - lcavol 1 16.7642 52.916 -18.882
## Start: AIC=17.08
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-39.59
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0604 36.509 -41.462
## - lcp 1 0.1886 36.637 -41.191
## - age 1 0.2927 36.741 -40.973
## - gleason 1 0.4397 36.888 -40.666
## <none> 36.448 -39.589
## - lbph 1 1.2457 37.694 -39.001
## - lweight 1 2.4217 38.870 -36.636
## - svi 1 3.7715 40.220 -34.007
## - lcavol 1 13.7623 50.211 -16.924
##
## Step: AIC=-41.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1405 36.649 -43.166
## - age 1 0.2598 36.769 -42.916
## <none> 36.509 -41.462
## - gleason 1 1.0076 37.516 -41.365
## - lbph 1 1.2379 37.747 -40.894
## - lweight 1 2.4388 38.948 -38.482
## - svi 1 3.8499 40.359 -35.742
## - lcavol 1 13.7768 50.286 -18.809
##
## Step: AIC=-43.17
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.1897 36.839 -44.768
## - gleason 1 0.8675 37.517 -43.364
## <none> 36.649 -43.166
## - lbph 1 1.1770 37.826 -42.732
## - lweight 1 2.4694 39.119 -40.145
## - svi 1 4.2047 40.854 -36.803
## - lcavol 1 16.3202 52.969 -16.805
##
## Step: AIC=-44.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.7754 37.614 -45.164
## <none> 36.839 -44.768
## - lbph 1 1.0419 37.881 -44.621
## - lweight 1 2.2802 39.119 -42.144
## - svi 1 4.1600 40.999 -38.530
## - lcavol 1 16.1937 53.033 -18.713
##
## Step: AIC=-45.16
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.614 -45.164
## - lbph 1 1.3815 38.996 -44.387
## - lweight 1 1.9665 39.581 -43.241
## - svi 1 4.6222 42.237 -38.240
## - lcavol 1 23.6420 61.256 -9.613
## Start: AIC=28.25
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-46.85
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.2382 33.407 -48.297
## - pgg45 1 0.3280 33.497 -48.091
## - lcp 1 0.4908 33.660 -47.717
## <none> 33.169 -46.848
## - lbph 1 1.4769 34.646 -45.494
## - age 1 1.5035 34.673 -45.435
## - lweight 1 2.6097 35.779 -43.017
## - svi 1 4.5276 37.697 -38.996
## - lcavol 1 19.0758 52.245 -13.866
##
## Step: AIC=-48.3
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5346 33.942 -49.075
## <none> 33.407 -48.297
## - age 1 1.4844 34.892 -46.950
## - lbph 1 1.5141 34.921 -46.884
## - pgg45 1 1.6010 35.008 -46.693
## - lweight 1 2.4212 35.828 -44.910
## - svi 1 4.4565 37.864 -40.655
## - lcavol 1 20.6090 54.016 -13.298
##
## Step: AIC=-49.08
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.942 -49.075
## - pgg45 1 1.0963 35.038 -48.627
## - age 1 1.2165 35.158 -48.364
## - lbph 1 1.5018 35.444 -47.741
## - lweight 1 2.4528 36.395 -45.703
## - svi 1 3.9392 37.881 -42.620
## - lcavol 1 22.7234 56.665 -11.612
## Start: AIC=21.96
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-41.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.0183 35.358 -43.928
## - gleason 1 0.0404 35.380 -43.880
## <none> 35.339 -41.968
## - pgg45 1 1.1388 36.478 -41.526
## - lcp 1 1.6947 37.034 -40.362
## - lbph 1 1.7973 37.137 -40.149
## - lweight 1 2.6593 37.999 -38.382
## - svi 1 4.8013 40.141 -34.159
## - lcavol 1 18.2064 53.546 -11.972
##
## Step: AIC=-43.93
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0480 35.406 -45.824
## <none> 35.358 -43.928
## - pgg45 1 1.1206 36.478 -43.526
## - lcp 1 1.6835 37.041 -42.347
## - lbph 1 1.7997 37.157 -42.106
## - lweight 1 2.6745 38.032 -40.314
## - svi 1 4.8313 40.189 -36.067
## - lcavol 1 18.2173 53.575 -13.930
##
## Step: AIC=-45.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.406 -45.824
## - pgg45 1 1.3553 36.761 -44.932
## - lcp 1 1.7518 37.157 -44.105
## - lbph 1 1.7697 37.175 -44.068
## - lweight 1 2.7892 38.195 -41.985
## - svi 1 5.1488 40.554 -37.369
## - lcavol 1 19.0550 54.461 -14.667
## Start: AIC=29.01
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-36.56
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0429 37.951 -38.477
## - pgg45 1 0.2397 38.148 -38.079
## - lbph 1 0.7027 38.611 -37.150
## - lcp 1 0.8337 38.742 -36.889
## <none> 37.909 -36.564
## - age 1 2.2501 40.159 -34.125
## - lweight 1 3.7138 41.622 -31.368
## - svi 1 3.9380 41.847 -30.954
## - lcavol 1 19.5772 57.486 -6.505
##
## Step: AIC=-38.48
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.7003 38.652 -39.069
## - pgg45 1 0.7443 38.696 -38.982
## - lcp 1 0.8046 38.756 -38.862
## <none> 37.951 -38.477
## - age 1 2.2181 40.170 -36.104
## - lweight 1 3.6915 41.643 -33.330
## - svi 1 3.9031 41.855 -32.940
## - lcavol 1 20.6860 58.637 -6.977
##
## Step: AIC=-39.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.8888 39.540 -39.319
## - pgg45 1 0.9186 39.570 -39.261
## <none> 38.652 -39.069
## - age 1 1.8942 40.546 -37.385
## - svi 1 3.7003 42.352 -34.030
## - lweight 1 5.9234 44.575 -30.091
## - lcavol 1 20.6270 59.279 -8.140
##
## Step: AIC=-39.32
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4092 39.950 -40.526
## <none> 39.540 -39.319
## - age 1 1.5472 41.088 -38.363
## - svi 1 2.8356 42.376 -35.986
## - lweight 1 5.9266 45.467 -30.565
## - lcavol 1 21.5915 61.132 -7.769
##
## Step: AIC=-40.53
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.950 -40.526
## - age 1 1.2828 41.232 -40.093
## - svi 1 3.8101 43.760 -35.512
## - lweight 1 5.6325 45.582 -32.370
## - lcavol 1 24.3107 64.260 -5.926
## Start: AIC=23.99
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.79
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0210 33.651 -47.737
## - lcp 1 0.4402 34.071 -46.784
## - pgg45 1 0.6608 34.291 -46.287
## <none> 33.630 -45.785
## - lweight 1 1.8471 35.477 -43.668
## - age 1 3.0739 36.704 -41.050
## - lbph 1 3.2728 36.903 -40.634
## - svi 1 4.3042 37.934 -38.512
## - lcavol 1 19.4284 53.059 -12.675
##
## Step: AIC=-47.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4388 34.090 -48.739
## - pgg45 1 0.8675 34.519 -47.777
## <none> 33.651 -47.737
## - lweight 1 1.9253 35.577 -45.453
## - age 1 3.1343 36.786 -42.880
## - lbph 1 3.2557 36.907 -42.626
## - svi 1 4.3310 37.982 -40.415
## - lcavol 1 19.6991 53.350 -14.253
##
## Step: AIC=-48.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.5108 34.601 -49.594
## <none> 34.090 -48.739
## - lweight 1 2.0218 36.112 -46.303
## - age 1 2.8691 36.959 -44.517
## - lbph 1 3.1794 37.270 -43.873
## - svi 1 3.9290 38.019 -42.340
## - lcavol 1 22.0124 56.103 -12.380
##
## Step: AIC=-49.59
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 34.601 -49.594
## - lweight 1 1.7054 36.306 -47.890
## - age 1 2.4996 37.100 -46.224
## - lbph 1 3.7151 38.316 -43.741
## - svi 1 5.4912 40.092 -40.252
## - lcavol 1 24.0073 58.608 -11.016
## Start: AIC=24.01
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.26
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0042 36.138 -42.247
## - lcp 1 0.5677 36.702 -41.056
## - pgg45 1 0.6062 36.740 -40.975
## <none> 36.134 -40.256
## - lbph 1 1.0980 37.232 -39.951
## - age 1 1.7856 37.920 -38.542
## - lweight 1 4.4900 40.624 -33.238
## - svi 1 6.0447 42.179 -30.346
## - lcavol 1 13.4363 49.570 -17.912
##
## Step: AIC=-42.25
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5651 36.703 -43.052
## <none> 36.138 -42.247
## - lbph 1 1.1115 37.250 -41.914
## - pgg45 1 1.1363 37.274 -41.863
## - age 1 1.7906 37.929 -40.523
## - lweight 1 4.5237 40.662 -35.166
## - svi 1 6.0552 42.193 -32.319
## - lcavol 1 13.8189 49.957 -19.313
##
## Step: AIC=-43.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6846 37.388 -43.629
## <none> 36.703 -43.052
## - lbph 1 1.2752 37.979 -42.422
## - age 1 1.6518 38.355 -41.663
## - lweight 1 4.3641 41.067 -36.401
## - svi 1 5.4941 42.197 -34.311
## - lcavol 1 15.3872 52.091 -18.093
##
## Step: AIC=-43.63
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.388 -43.629
## - age 1 1.2703 38.658 -43.057
## - lbph 1 1.3684 38.756 -42.861
## - lweight 1 3.9652 41.353 -37.868
## - svi 1 6.8889 44.277 -32.607
## - lcavol 1 18.2758 55.664 -14.985
## Start: AIC=22.69
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-55.31
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1847 29.900 -56.838
## - lcp 1 0.2300 29.945 -56.721
## - gleason 1 0.3914 30.107 -56.307
## <none> 29.715 -55.315
## - lweight 1 0.8374 30.553 -55.175
## - age 1 1.0519 30.767 -54.636
## - lbph 1 2.1648 31.880 -51.900
## - svi 1 5.2702 34.986 -44.743
## - lcavol 1 15.0521 44.768 -25.759
##
## Step: AIC=-56.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1361 30.036 -58.488
## <none> 29.900 -56.838
## - lweight 1 0.8844 30.784 -56.593
## - age 1 0.9666 30.867 -56.388
## - gleason 1 1.4130 31.313 -55.282
## - lbph 1 2.1387 32.039 -53.518
## - svi 1 5.4694 35.369 -45.903
## - lcavol 1 14.8679 44.768 -27.758
##
## Step: AIC=-58.49
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 30.036 -58.488
## - lweight 1 0.8901 30.926 -58.240
## - age 1 0.9201 30.956 -58.165
## - gleason 1 1.2990 31.335 -57.228
## - lbph 1 2.1587 32.195 -55.144
## - svi 1 5.8584 35.895 -46.768
## - lcavol 1 17.5375 47.574 -25.078
## Start: AIC=25.14
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-36.87
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0981 37.859 -38.666
## - pgg45 1 0.1860 37.947 -38.487
## - lbph 1 0.6218 38.382 -37.608
## <none> 37.761 -36.866
## - age 1 1.0868 38.847 -36.681
## - lcp 1 1.3490 39.110 -36.163
## - lweight 1 3.1947 40.955 -32.612
## - svi 1 5.2566 43.017 -28.830
## - lcavol 1 17.5993 55.360 -9.406
##
## Step: AIC=-38.67
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.6592 38.518 -39.337
## - pgg45 1 0.7315 38.590 -39.192
## <none> 37.859 -38.666
## - age 1 1.0736 38.932 -38.513
## - lcp 1 1.2860 39.145 -38.094
## - lweight 1 3.0968 40.955 -34.612
## - svi 1 5.1715 43.030 -30.807
## - lcavol 1 18.1805 56.039 -10.467
##
## Step: AIC=-39.34
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7527 39.271 -39.846
## - age 1 0.8074 39.325 -39.739
## <none> 38.518 -39.337
## - lcp 1 1.2539 39.772 -38.870
## - lweight 1 4.6123 43.130 -32.628
## - svi 1 4.8703 43.388 -32.169
## - lcavol 1 17.8595 56.377 -12.004
##
## Step: AIC=-39.85
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4661 39.737 -40.938
## - lcp 1 0.7109 39.981 -40.465
## <none> 39.271 -39.846
## - lweight 1 4.2893 43.560 -33.865
## - svi 1 5.4019 44.672 -31.922
## - lcavol 1 17.4730 56.744 -13.505
##
## Step: AIC=-40.94
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6956 40.432 -41.602
## <none> 39.737 -40.938
## - lweight 1 3.8884 43.625 -35.749
## - svi 1 5.4922 45.229 -32.969
## - lcavol 1 17.0879 56.825 -15.395
##
## Step: AIC=-41.6
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 40.432 -41.602
## - lweight 1 4.0202 44.453 -36.303
## - svi 1 4.9885 45.421 -34.643
## - lcavol 1 18.9042 59.336 -14.065
## Start: AIC=27.68
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-40.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0064 35.874 -42.811
## - pgg45 1 0.1260 35.994 -42.555
## - lcp 1 0.3564 36.225 -42.063
## <none> 35.868 -40.825
## - age 1 1.0622 36.930 -40.578
## - lbph 1 1.3107 37.179 -40.061
## - lweight 1 4.0233 39.891 -34.639
## - svi 1 4.4083 40.276 -33.899
## - lcavol 1 19.5987 55.467 -9.258
##
## Step: AIC=-42.81
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3210 36.195 -44.125
## - lcp 1 0.3818 36.256 -43.996
## <none> 35.874 -42.811
## - age 1 1.0559 36.930 -42.577
## - lbph 1 1.3127 37.187 -42.044
## - lweight 1 4.0634 39.938 -36.549
## - svi 1 4.4097 40.284 -35.884
## - lcavol 1 20.7030 56.578 -9.731
##
## Step: AIC=-44.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1529 36.348 -45.801
## - age 1 0.8280 37.023 -44.384
## <none> 36.195 -44.125
## - lbph 1 1.4648 37.660 -43.071
## - lweight 1 3.7891 39.985 -38.459
## - svi 1 4.6865 40.882 -36.750
## - lcavol 1 20.5139 56.709 -11.552
##
## Step: AIC=-45.8
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7964 37.145 -46.132
## <none> 36.348 -45.801
## - lbph 1 1.4190 37.767 -44.852
## - lweight 1 3.8738 40.222 -40.003
## - svi 1 5.2966 41.645 -37.326
## - lcavol 1 23.9203 60.269 -8.865
##
## Step: AIC=-46.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.9490 38.094 -46.189
## <none> 37.145 -46.132
## - lweight 1 3.5444 40.689 -41.114
## - svi 1 5.3996 42.544 -37.681
## - lcavol 1 23.1648 60.310 -10.812
##
## Step: AIC=-46.19
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.094 -46.189
## - svi 1 5.1195 43.213 -38.480
## - lweight 1 7.0296 45.123 -35.149
## - lcavol 1 22.6769 60.771 -12.226
## Start: AIC=23.85
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-41.25
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0434 35.716 -43.151
## - lbph 1 0.8323 36.505 -41.469
## <none> 35.673 -41.245
## - age 1 0.9550 36.628 -41.211
## - lcp 1 1.9175 37.590 -39.214
## - pgg45 1 2.1528 37.826 -38.733
## - lweight 1 2.3074 37.980 -38.419
## - svi 1 2.5802 38.253 -37.868
## - lcavol 1 19.5872 55.260 -9.545
##
## Step: AIC=-43.15
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.8186 36.535 -43.407
## <none> 35.716 -43.151
## - age 1 1.0076 36.724 -43.009
## - lcp 1 1.9102 37.626 -41.140
## - lweight 1 2.5082 38.224 -39.926
## - svi 1 2.6451 38.361 -39.650
## - pgg45 1 3.0641 38.780 -38.814
## - lcavol 1 19.6018 55.318 -11.464
##
## Step: AIC=-43.41
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6926 37.227 -43.961
## <none> 36.535 -43.407
## - lcp 1 1.9075 38.442 -41.488
## - svi 1 2.1060 38.641 -41.091
## - pgg45 1 3.7325 40.267 -37.917
## - lweight 1 4.4725 41.007 -36.514
## - lcavol 1 19.6344 56.169 -12.289
##
## Step: AIC=-43.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.227 -43.961
## - lcp 1 1.7167 38.944 -42.489
## - svi 1 2.0676 39.295 -41.799
## - pgg45 1 3.2404 40.468 -39.534
## - lweight 1 3.9832 41.211 -38.133
## - lcavol 1 19.1691 56.397 -13.978
## Start: AIC=23.31
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-55.02
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0046 29.835 -57.006
## - lcp 1 0.1665 29.997 -56.590
## - pgg45 1 0.2846 30.115 -56.287
## - age 1 0.3680 30.198 -56.074
## <none> 29.830 -55.018
## - lbph 1 2.1375 31.968 -51.689
## - svi 1 2.9992 32.829 -49.641
## - lweight 1 3.9270 33.757 -47.495
## - lcavol 1 15.8241 45.654 -24.249
##
## Step: AIC=-57.01
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1626 29.997 -58.588
## - age 1 0.3661 30.201 -58.067
## - pgg45 1 0.4922 30.327 -57.746
## <none> 29.835 -57.006
## - lbph 1 2.1664 32.001 -53.609
## - svi 1 3.0681 32.903 -51.469
## - lweight 1 3.9404 33.775 -49.454
## - lcavol 1 16.6286 46.463 -24.896
##
## Step: AIC=-58.59
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.3338 30.331 -59.736
## - age 1 0.3480 30.345 -59.700
## <none> 29.997 -58.588
## - lbph 1 2.2425 32.240 -55.037
## - svi 1 3.1461 33.143 -52.908
## - lweight 1 3.8542 33.851 -51.280
## - lcavol 1 19.1135 49.111 -22.629
##
## Step: AIC=-59.74
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.2630 30.594 -61.071
## <none> 30.331 -59.736
## - lbph 1 2.6151 32.946 -55.368
## - lweight 1 3.5897 33.921 -53.123
## - svi 1 4.6894 35.020 -50.666
## - lcavol 1 22.0103 52.341 -19.723
##
## Step: AIC=-61.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 30.594 -61.071
## - lbph 1 2.3601 32.954 -57.349
## - lweight 1 3.4700 34.064 -54.798
## - svi 1 4.5944 35.188 -52.298
## - lcavol 1 21.7602 52.354 -21.704
## Start: AIC=22.76
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-36.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0038 37.960 -38.461
## - pgg45 1 0.1783 38.134 -38.108
## - lcp 1 0.4360 38.392 -37.589
## - lbph 1 0.9923 38.948 -36.481
## <none> 37.956 -36.468
## - age 1 1.2514 39.207 -35.971
## - lweight 1 2.3133 40.269 -33.913
## - svi 1 4.2525 42.208 -30.292
## - lcavol 1 16.5794 54.535 -10.562
##
## Step: AIC=-38.46
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4113 38.371 -39.631
## - lcp 1 0.4363 38.396 -39.581
## - lbph 1 0.9968 38.956 -38.465
## <none> 37.960 -38.461
## - age 1 1.2478 39.207 -37.970
## - lweight 1 2.3770 40.337 -35.784
## - svi 1 4.3194 42.279 -32.163
## - lcavol 1 17.6845 55.644 -11.012
##
## Step: AIC=-39.63
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1801 38.551 -41.270
## - age 1 0.9865 39.357 -39.676
## <none> 38.371 -39.631
## - lbph 1 1.1536 39.525 -39.350
## - lweight 1 2.1551 40.526 -37.423
## - svi 1 4.8364 43.207 -32.490
## - lcavol 1 17.5211 55.892 -12.670
##
## Step: AIC=-41.27
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.9124 39.463 -41.469
## <none> 38.551 -41.270
## - lbph 1 1.1140 39.665 -41.077
## - lweight 1 2.1790 40.730 -39.037
## - svi 1 5.0808 43.632 -33.737
## - lcavol 1 21.5353 60.086 -9.098
##
## Step: AIC=-41.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.7383 40.202 -42.042
## <none> 39.463 -41.469
## - lweight 1 1.8136 41.277 -40.009
## - svi 1 5.0633 44.527 -34.174
## - lcavol 1 20.6234 60.087 -11.097
##
## Step: AIC=-42.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 40.202 -42.042
## - lweight 1 3.5017 43.704 -37.611
## - svi 1 4.5099 44.712 -35.855
## - lcavol 1 20.8526 61.054 -11.867
## Start: AIC=25.56
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.9
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0073 32.725 -49.887
## - gleason 1 0.4933 33.211 -48.752
## - lcp 1 0.5054 33.223 -48.724
## <none> 32.717 -47.904
## - lbph 1 0.9127 33.630 -47.786
## - age 1 2.5024 35.220 -44.229
## - lweight 1 3.3882 36.106 -42.317
## - svi 1 4.6787 37.396 -39.612
## - lcavol 1 18.6988 51.416 -15.097
##
## Step: AIC=-49.89
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.5065 33.231 -50.705
## <none> 32.725 -49.887
## - lbph 1 0.9089 33.634 -49.778
## - gleason 1 0.9942 33.719 -49.583
## - age 1 2.5010 35.226 -46.216
## - lweight 1 3.3935 36.118 -44.290
## - svi 1 4.8845 37.609 -41.175
## - lcavol 1 18.7747 51.499 -16.972
##
## Step: AIC=-50.7
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.6521 33.883 -51.208
## - lbph 1 0.7818 34.013 -50.914
## <none> 33.231 -50.705
## - age 1 2.2436 35.475 -47.674
## - lweight 1 3.6175 36.849 -44.748
## - svi 1 4.7372 37.968 -42.443
## - lcavol 1 20.8253 54.056 -15.241
##
## Step: AIC=-51.21
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.883 -51.208
## - lbph 1 0.9549 34.838 -51.068
## - age 1 1.8221 35.705 -49.175
## - lweight 1 3.1253 37.009 -46.415
## - svi 1 5.4298 39.313 -41.763
## - lcavol 1 24.3234 58.207 -11.545
## Start: AIC=34.2
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-36.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1341 38.177 -38.021
## - pgg45 1 0.3571 38.400 -37.572
## - lcp 1 0.5477 38.591 -37.191
## <none> 38.043 -36.292
## - lbph 1 1.4837 39.527 -35.346
## - age 1 2.0353 40.078 -34.278
## - lweight 1 3.8841 41.927 -30.806
## - svi 1 4.1149 42.158 -30.383
## - lcavol 1 20.7016 58.745 -4.837
##
## Step: AIC=-38.02
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4782 38.655 -39.062
## <none> 38.177 -38.021
## - pgg45 1 1.0413 39.218 -37.949
## - lbph 1 1.4763 39.653 -37.099
## - age 1 1.9022 40.079 -36.277
## - lweight 1 3.7502 41.927 -32.806
## - svi 1 3.9861 42.163 -32.374
## - lcavol 1 21.7955 59.973 -5.244
##
## Step: AIC=-39.06
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6059 39.261 -39.865
## <none> 38.655 -39.062
## - lbph 1 1.3051 39.960 -38.505
## - age 1 1.6542 40.310 -37.836
## - svi 1 3.5680 42.223 -34.264
## - lweight 1 3.8180 42.473 -33.809
## - lcavol 1 23.5173 62.173 -4.469
##
## Step: AIC=-39.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.261 -39.865
## - age 1 1.2887 40.550 -39.378
## - lbph 1 1.4108 40.672 -39.146
## - lweight 1 3.4910 42.752 -35.306
## - svi 1 4.5046 43.766 -33.501
## - lcavol 1 27.7947 67.056 -0.647
## Start: AIC=31.84
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.2597 37.954 -38.472
## - pgg45 1 0.5748 38.269 -37.835
## <none> 37.694 -37.000
## - lcp 1 1.0084 38.703 -36.968
## - lweight 1 1.5002 39.195 -35.995
## - lbph 1 2.2879 39.982 -34.463
## - age 1 2.7052 40.400 -33.664
## - svi 1 4.8692 42.564 -29.646
## - lcavol 1 20.5699 58.264 -5.469
##
## Step: AIC=-38.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.9409 38.895 -38.586
## <none> 37.954 -38.472
## - lweight 1 1.3839 39.338 -37.714
## - pgg45 1 1.7504 39.705 -37.000
## - lbph 1 2.1926 40.147 -36.147
## - age 1 2.5047 40.459 -35.551
## - svi 1 4.6235 42.578 -31.621
## - lcavol 1 21.9942 59.948 -5.275
##
## Step: AIC=-38.59
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.9883 39.883 -38.654
## <none> 38.895 -38.586
## - lweight 1 1.5011 40.396 -37.670
## - age 1 2.1220 41.017 -36.496
## - lbph 1 2.1991 41.094 -36.351
## - svi 1 3.6844 42.579 -33.617
## - lcavol 1 22.6041 61.499 -5.308
##
## Step: AIC=-38.65
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.883 -38.654
## - lweight 1 1.3927 41.276 -38.011
## - age 1 1.5001 41.384 -37.811
## - lbph 1 2.5709 42.454 -35.844
## - svi 1 5.0343 44.918 -31.501
## - lcavol 1 25.4775 65.361 -2.619
## Start: AIC=22.34
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-42.68
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0982 35.112 -44.465
## - pgg45 1 0.3780 35.392 -43.854
## - lweight 1 0.7654 35.779 -43.016
## <none> 35.014 -42.681
## - lcp 1 0.9255 35.939 -42.672
## - lbph 1 2.0325 37.046 -40.336
## - age 1 2.1238 37.138 -40.147
## - svi 1 4.8600 39.874 -34.673
## - lcavol 1 19.7706 54.784 -10.211
##
## Step: AIC=-44.47
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lweight 1 0.7255 35.838 -44.890
## - lcp 1 0.8974 36.009 -44.522
## <none> 35.112 -44.465
## - pgg45 1 0.9895 36.102 -44.325
## - age 1 2.0786 37.191 -42.037
## - lbph 1 2.1208 37.233 -41.949
## - svi 1 4.7723 39.884 -36.652
## - lcavol 1 20.6764 55.788 -10.812
##
## Step: AIC=-44.89
## lpsa ~ lcavol + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.7831 36.621 -45.226
## <none> 35.838 -44.890
## - lcp 1 0.9774 36.815 -44.818
## - age 1 1.7710 37.609 -43.176
## - lbph 1 3.8219 39.659 -39.088
## - svi 1 5.2155 41.053 -36.428
## - lcavol 1 21.8813 57.719 -10.193
##
## Step: AIC=-45.23
## lpsa ~ lcavol + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4782 37.099 -46.227
## <none> 36.621 -45.226
## - age 1 1.3893 38.010 -44.359
## - lbph 1 4.0868 40.708 -39.079
## - svi 1 5.8451 42.466 -35.823
## - lcavol 1 21.4587 58.079 -11.714
##
## Step: AIC=-46.23
## lpsa ~ lcavol + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 37.099 -46.227
## - age 1 1.2473 38.346 -45.681
## - lbph 1 3.9874 41.086 -40.366
## - svi 1 5.7511 42.850 -37.130
## - lcavol 1 24.0877 61.187 -9.701
## Start: AIC=21.63
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-37.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0018 37.554 -39.287
## - lcp 1 0.0866 37.639 -39.113
## - gleason 1 0.2031 37.756 -38.875
## - lbph 1 0.2984 37.851 -38.681
## <none> 37.553 -37.291
## - age 1 0.9909 38.544 -37.285
## - svi 1 2.0637 39.616 -35.171
## - lweight 1 2.9614 40.514 -33.446
## - lcavol 1 18.2679 55.821 -8.768
##
## Step: AIC=-39.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1073 37.662 -41.067
## - lbph 1 0.3002 37.855 -40.674
## - gleason 1 0.3094 37.864 -40.655
## <none> 37.554 -39.287
## - age 1 1.0363 38.591 -39.191
## - svi 1 2.0864 39.641 -37.124
## - lweight 1 2.9650 40.519 -35.436
## - lcavol 1 18.7918 56.346 -10.046
##
## Step: AIC=-41.07
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.2234 37.885 -42.612
## - lbph 1 0.2844 37.946 -42.488
## - age 1 0.9604 38.622 -41.128
## <none> 37.662 -41.067
## - svi 1 2.2463 39.908 -38.607
## - lweight 1 2.9696 40.631 -37.223
## - lcavol 1 20.2928 57.954 -9.879
##
## Step: AIC=-42.61
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.3156 38.201 -43.973
## - age 1 0.7916 38.677 -43.020
## <none> 37.885 -42.612
## - svi 1 2.5247 40.410 -39.644
## - lweight 1 2.7469 40.632 -39.222
## - lcavol 1 24.3777 62.263 -6.358
##
## Step: AIC=-43.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.6039 38.805 -44.766
## <none> 38.201 -43.973
## - svi 1 2.4079 40.609 -41.266
## - lweight 1 4.1243 42.325 -38.079
## - lcavol 1 24.1658 62.367 -8.230
##
## Step: AIC=-44.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 38.805 -44.766
## - svi 1 2.4875 41.292 -41.981
## - lweight 1 3.5826 42.387 -39.966
## - lcavol 1 23.5620 62.367 -10.230
## Start: AIC=28.07
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-35.33
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.1403 38.662 -37.048
## - pgg45 1 0.2356 38.758 -36.859
## - lbph 1 0.3218 38.844 -36.688
## - age 1 0.4457 38.968 -36.443
## - lcp 1 0.5740 39.096 -36.189
## <none> 38.522 -35.328
## - lweight 1 2.0129 40.535 -33.406
## - svi 1 3.1815 41.704 -31.218
## - lcavol 1 18.0338 56.556 -7.761
##
## Step: AIC=-37.05
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.3441 39.006 -38.366
## - age 1 0.4183 39.081 -38.220
## - lcp 1 0.5720 39.234 -37.918
## <none> 38.662 -37.048
## - pgg45 1 1.0762 39.739 -36.934
## - lweight 1 1.9021 40.564 -35.351
## - svi 1 3.0548 41.717 -33.193
## - lcavol 1 18.7817 57.444 -8.561
##
## Step: AIC=-38.37
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.2694 39.276 -39.836
## - lcp 1 0.5665 39.573 -39.256
## <none> 39.006 -38.366
## - pgg45 1 1.2120 40.218 -38.010
## - lweight 1 2.8052 41.812 -35.019
## - svi 1 2.8143 41.821 -35.002
## - lcavol 1 18.5866 57.593 -10.361
##
## Step: AIC=-39.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4460 39.722 -40.967
## - pgg45 1 1.0184 40.294 -39.865
## <none> 39.276 -39.836
## - lweight 1 2.5359 41.812 -37.019
## - svi 1 2.9359 42.212 -36.285
## - lcavol 1 18.6351 57.911 -11.937
##
## Step: AIC=-40.97
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.6699 40.392 -41.679
## <none> 39.722 -40.967
## - svi 1 2.4904 42.212 -38.284
## - lweight 1 2.6871 42.409 -37.927
## - lcavol 1 20.4422 60.164 -10.998
##
## Step: AIC=-41.68
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 40.392 -41.679
## - lweight 1 2.6214 43.013 -38.837
## - svi 1 3.4758 43.867 -37.323
## - lcavol 1 26.0156 66.407 -5.396
## Start: AIC=18.52
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-39.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0168 36.606 -41.257
## - pgg45 1 0.8073 37.397 -39.611
## <none> 36.589 -39.292
## - age 1 0.9830 37.572 -39.251
## - lcp 1 0.9894 37.579 -39.238
## - lbph 1 1.4532 38.043 -38.293
## - lweight 1 3.0601 39.649 -35.107
## - svi 1 3.6149 40.204 -34.037
## - lcavol 1 16.8788 53.468 -12.084
##
## Step: AIC=-41.26
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 36.606 -41.257
## - age 1 0.9674 37.573 -41.248
## - lcp 1 0.9822 37.588 -41.218
## - lbph 1 1.4537 38.060 -40.258
## - pgg45 1 1.6525 38.259 -39.857
## - lweight 1 3.0703 39.676 -37.055
## - svi 1 3.6207 40.227 -35.994
## - lcavol 1 17.0469 53.653 -13.818
## Start: AIC=26.95
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-47.17
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0352 33.066 -49.088
## - lcp 1 0.3551 33.386 -48.347
## - gleason 1 0.4979 33.529 -48.018
## <none> 33.031 -47.170
## - lbph 1 1.6412 34.672 -45.436
## - age 1 1.7206 34.751 -45.260
## - svi 1 3.8494 36.880 -40.682
## - lweight 1 3.8834 36.914 -40.611
## - lcavol 1 16.5164 49.547 -17.948
##
## Step: AIC=-49.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4323 33.498 -50.088
## - gleason 1 0.6007 33.667 -49.702
## <none> 33.066 -49.088
## - lbph 1 1.6316 34.698 -47.379
## - age 1 1.8174 34.883 -46.968
## - svi 1 3.8409 36.907 -42.626
## - lweight 1 3.8614 36.927 -42.584
## - lcavol 1 16.7126 49.779 -19.589
##
## Step: AIC=-50.09
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.3319 33.830 -51.329
## <none> 33.498 -50.088
## - lbph 1 1.6215 35.120 -48.448
## - age 1 1.7271 35.225 -48.217
## - svi 1 3.4881 36.986 -44.461
## - lweight 1 3.7916 37.290 -43.831
## - lcavol 1 17.8729 51.371 -19.164
##
## Step: AIC=-51.33
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 33.830 -51.329
## - age 1 1.4793 35.310 -50.033
## - lbph 1 1.7388 35.569 -49.469
## - lweight 1 3.4981 37.328 -45.752
## - svi 1 3.8799 37.710 -44.968
## - lcavol 1 20.9850 54.815 -16.167
## Start: AIC=14.8
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-41.69
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0591 35.525 -43.565
## - lbph 1 0.0807 35.546 -43.518
## - lcp 1 0.3412 35.807 -42.956
## - pgg45 1 0.7031 36.169 -42.182
## <none> 35.466 -41.693
## - age 1 1.5151 36.981 -40.472
## - svi 1 1.9475 37.413 -39.577
## - lweight 1 3.8457 39.311 -35.766
## - lcavol 1 11.0638 46.530 -22.786
##
## Step: AIC=-43.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.0931 35.618 -45.363
## - lcp 1 0.3738 35.899 -44.759
## <none> 35.525 -43.565
## - age 1 1.5093 37.034 -42.361
## - svi 1 1.9112 37.436 -41.530
## - pgg45 1 1.9836 37.508 -41.381
## - lweight 1 3.7984 39.323 -37.743
## - lcavol 1 11.8659 47.391 -23.374
##
## Step: AIC=-45.36
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.3205 35.939 -46.674
## <none> 35.618 -45.363
## - age 1 1.4165 37.035 -44.360
## - svi 1 1.8201 37.438 -43.526
## - pgg45 1 2.0841 37.702 -42.985
## - lweight 1 5.0817 40.700 -37.094
## - lcavol 1 12.0911 47.709 -24.859
##
## Step: AIC=-46.67
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.939 -46.674
## - age 1 1.2009 37.139 -46.143
## - svi 1 1.5020 37.441 -45.521
## - pgg45 1 1.7950 37.733 -44.921
## - lweight 1 5.0044 40.943 -38.635
## - lcavol 1 13.6842 49.623 -23.830
## Start: AIC=25.95
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-33.82
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0275 39.309 -35.771
## - lcp 1 0.1940 39.476 -35.445
## - pgg45 1 0.5025 39.784 -34.846
## <none> 39.282 -33.825
## - lbph 1 1.6129 40.895 -32.726
## - age 1 1.7504 41.032 -32.468
## - svi 1 3.5931 42.875 -29.085
## - lweight 1 3.8279 43.110 -28.665
## - lcavol 1 14.4426 53.724 -11.715
##
## Step: AIC=-35.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.1852 39.494 -37.409
## <none> 39.309 -35.771
## - pgg45 1 1.0881 40.397 -35.668
## - lbph 1 1.6079 40.917 -34.684
## - age 1 1.7230 41.032 -34.468
## - svi 1 3.5835 42.893 -31.053
## - lweight 1 3.8026 43.112 -30.661
## - lcavol 1 14.9933 54.303 -12.891
##
## Step: AIC=-37.41
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.9030 40.397 -37.668
## <none> 39.494 -37.409
## - lbph 1 1.5313 41.026 -36.480
## - age 1 1.5651 41.060 -36.416
## - svi 1 3.6657 43.160 -32.574
## - lweight 1 3.7770 43.271 -32.376
## - lcavol 1 18.7063 58.201 -9.553
##
## Step: AIC=-37.67
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 40.397 -37.668
## - age 1 1.2014 41.599 -37.411
## - lbph 1 1.9381 42.336 -36.060
## - lweight 1 3.3462 43.744 -33.540
## - svi 1 5.4113 45.809 -29.988
## - lcavol 1 21.6848 62.082 -6.582
## Start: AIC=17.11
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-44.29
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.1961 34.484 -45.855
## - gleason 1 0.1985 34.486 -45.850
## - lcp 1 0.5469 34.835 -45.076
## <none> 34.288 -44.294
## - age 1 1.4907 35.778 -43.017
## - lbph 1 1.7420 36.030 -42.478
## - lweight 1 2.4709 36.759 -40.936
## - svi 1 4.6483 38.936 -36.505
## - lcavol 1 14.1775 48.465 -19.648
##
## Step: AIC=-45.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.4557 34.940 -46.844
## - gleason 1 0.8697 35.354 -45.937
## <none> 34.484 -45.855
## - age 1 1.3545 35.838 -44.889
## - lbph 1 1.8181 36.302 -43.899
## - lweight 1 2.4852 36.969 -42.497
## - svi 1 5.2259 39.710 -36.990
## - lcavol 1 13.9828 48.467 -21.646
##
## Step: AIC=-46.84
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.5346 35.474 -47.675
## <none> 34.940 -46.844
## - age 1 1.2516 36.191 -46.134
## - lbph 1 1.6929 36.633 -45.201
## - lweight 1 2.5112 37.451 -43.500
## - svi 1 5.5215 40.461 -37.547
## - lcavol 1 14.4076 49.347 -22.259
##
## Step: AIC=-47.67
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.474 -47.675
## - age 1 0.9462 36.420 -47.648
## - lbph 1 1.7541 37.228 -45.959
## - lweight 1 2.3299 37.804 -44.777
## - svi 1 5.7666 41.241 -38.077
## - lcavol 1 18.1249 53.599 -17.895
## Start: AIC=27.14
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-38.04
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0066 37.194 -40.030
## - lbph 1 0.4046 37.592 -39.210
## - pgg45 1 0.4406 37.628 -39.137
## - lcp 1 0.8027 37.990 -38.399
## - age 1 0.9033 38.091 -38.196
## <none> 37.187 -38.044
## - svi 1 2.7461 39.933 -34.558
## - lweight 1 2.9606 40.148 -34.145
## - lcavol 1 21.7001 58.887 -4.650
##
## Step: AIC=-40.03
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.4123 37.606 -41.181
## - pgg45 1 0.7459 37.940 -40.501
## - lcp 1 0.7972 37.991 -40.397
## - age 1 0.9002 38.094 -40.188
## <none> 37.194 -40.030
## - svi 1 2.7751 39.969 -36.489
## - lweight 1 2.9854 40.179 -36.085
## - lcavol 1 22.3700 59.564 -5.770
##
## Step: AIC=-41.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.7019 38.308 -41.757
## - lcp 1 0.7687 38.375 -41.623
## - pgg45 1 0.8231 38.429 -41.514
## <none> 37.606 -41.181
## - svi 1 2.4774 40.084 -38.269
## - lweight 1 4.6977 42.304 -34.117
## - lcavol 1 22.4413 60.048 -7.147
##
## Step: AIC=-41.76
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4966 38.805 -42.765
## - lcp 1 0.5907 38.899 -42.579
## <none> 38.308 -41.757
## - svi 1 2.3121 40.620 -39.245
## - lweight 1 4.0432 42.351 -36.031
## - lcavol 1 21.7687 60.077 -9.110
##
## Step: AIC=-42.77
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2936 39.098 -44.185
## <none> 38.805 -42.765
## - svi 1 2.5023 41.307 -39.953
## - lweight 1 3.9872 42.792 -37.234
## - lcavol 1 21.9663 60.771 -10.225
##
## Step: AIC=-44.18
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.098 -44.185
## - svi 1 2.2684 41.367 -41.842
## - lweight 1 4.0927 43.191 -38.519
## - lcavol 1 25.9920 65.090 -6.938
## Start: AIC=15.04
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-54.52
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0499 30.073 -56.394
## - pgg45 1 0.4478 30.471 -55.382
## <none> 30.023 -54.522
## - lcp 1 0.8572 30.880 -54.355
## - lweight 1 0.9481 30.971 -54.128
## - age 1 1.8044 31.827 -52.028
## - lbph 1 1.9844 32.007 -51.594
## - svi 1 3.6434 33.666 -47.703
## - lcavol 1 18.4283 48.451 -19.670
##
## Step: AIC=-56.39
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 30.073 -56.394
## - lcp 1 0.8439 30.917 -56.263
## - lweight 1 0.9147 30.988 -56.087
## - pgg45 1 1.0720 31.145 -55.697
## - age 1 1.7611 31.834 -54.012
## - lbph 1 2.0102 32.083 -53.412
## - svi 1 3.5936 33.666 -49.703
## - lcavol 1 19.2663 49.339 -20.272
## Start: AIC=28.15
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-38.71
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.0061 36.872 -40.699
## - pgg45 1 0.2087 37.075 -40.277
## - age 1 0.7224 37.588 -39.218
## <none> 36.866 -38.712
## - lcp 1 1.0273 37.893 -38.596
## - lbph 1 1.2654 38.131 -38.113
## - lweight 1 2.4370 39.303 -35.783
## - svi 1 5.1993 42.065 -30.553
## - lcavol 1 21.4879 58.354 -5.351
##
## Step: AIC=-40.7
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.4182 37.290 -41.831
## - age 1 0.7178 37.590 -41.215
## <none> 36.872 -40.699
## - lcp 1 1.0213 37.893 -40.596
## - lbph 1 1.2630 38.135 -40.106
## - lweight 1 2.4474 39.319 -37.751
## - svi 1 5.2394 42.111 -32.469
## - lcavol 1 21.9886 58.861 -6.685
##
## Step: AIC=-41.83
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - age 1 0.4732 37.763 -42.860
## - lcp 1 0.7158 38.006 -42.367
## <none> 37.290 -41.831
## - lbph 1 1.3658 38.656 -41.061
## - lweight 1 2.1796 39.470 -39.457
## - svi 1 5.7714 43.062 -32.751
## - lcavol 1 21.9114 59.202 -8.240
##
## Step: AIC=-42.86
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi + lcp
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.6362 38.400 -43.573
## <none> 37.763 -42.860
## - lbph 1 1.0582 38.822 -42.732
## - lweight 1 1.9125 39.676 -41.056
## - svi 1 5.6052 43.369 -34.203
## - lcavol 1 21.4415 59.205 -10.236
##
## Step: AIC=-43.57
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + lbph + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.9295 39.329 -43.732
## <none> 38.400 -43.573
## - lweight 1 2.4524 40.852 -40.807
## - svi 1 5.3928 43.792 -35.455
## - lcavol 1 25.4813 63.881 -6.382
##
## Step: AIC=-43.73
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 39.329 -43.732
## - lweight 1 4.8298 44.159 -36.813
## - svi 1 4.9701 44.299 -36.569
## - lcavol 1 25.4728 64.802 -7.280
## Start: AIC=19.2
## lpsa ~ 1
##
## Start: AIC=-45.15
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason +
## pgg45
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - pgg45 1 0.0074 33.917 -47.132
## - lbph 1 0.2551 34.165 -46.571
## - lcp 1 0.2748 34.184 -46.527
## - gleason 1 0.3417 34.251 -46.376
## <none> 33.909 -45.149
## - age 1 1.9347 35.844 -42.876
## - svi 1 4.4555 38.365 -37.643
## - lweight 1 6.6045 40.514 -33.446
## - lcavol 1 12.8923 46.802 -22.337
##
## Step: AIC=-47.13
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + lbph + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lbph 1 0.2510 34.168 -48.564
## - lcp 1 0.2868 34.204 -48.483
## - gleason 1 0.8653 34.782 -47.192
## <none> 33.917 -47.132
## - age 1 1.9547 35.872 -44.817
## - svi 1 4.5233 38.440 -39.492
## - lweight 1 6.6673 40.584 -35.313
## - lcavol 1 13.2757 47.193 -23.697
##
## Step: AIC=-48.56
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + lcp + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - lcp 1 0.2680 34.436 -49.962
## <none> 34.168 -48.564
## - gleason 1 1.0574 35.225 -48.217
## - age 1 1.7740 35.942 -46.666
## - svi 1 4.2909 38.459 -41.455
## - lweight 1 8.9850 43.153 -32.587
## - lcavol 1 13.0353 47.203 -25.679
##
## Step: AIC=-49.96
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi + gleason
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## - gleason 1 0.8436 35.279 -50.099
## <none> 34.436 -49.962
## - age 1 1.6203 36.056 -48.422
## - svi 1 4.3733 38.809 -42.756
## - lweight 1 8.8920 43.328 -34.276
## - lcavol 1 14.0625 48.498 -25.595
##
## Step: AIC=-50.1
## lpsa ~ lcavol + lweight + age + svi
##
## Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC
## <none> 35.279 -50.099
## - age 1 1.2419 36.521 -49.435
## - svi 1 5.0655 40.345 -41.768
## - lweight 1 8.2890 43.568 -35.849
## - lcavol 1 18.4509 53.730 -19.707# Menampilkan hasil evaluasi
mean_aic_best_subset <- mean(best_subset_aic_results)
mean_aic_forward <- mean(forward_aic_results)
mean_aic_backward <- mean(backward_aic_results)
mean_bic_best_subset <- mean(best_subset_bic_results)
mean_bic_forward <- mean(forward_bic_results)
mean_bic_backward <- mean(backward_bic_results)cat("AIC (Best-Subset) Mean:", mean_aic_best_subset, "\n")## AIC (Best-Subset) Mean: 176.7713cat("AIC (Forward) Mean:", mean_aic_forward, "\n")## AIC (Forward) Mean: 242.6794cat("AIC (Backward) Mean:", mean_aic_backward, "\n")## AIC (Backward) Mean: 170.4869cat("\nBIC (Best-Subset) Mean:", mean_bic_best_subset, "\n")##
## BIC (Best-Subset) Mean: 198.5687cat("BIC (Forward) Mean:", mean_bic_forward, "\n")## BIC (Forward) Mean: 247.367cat("BIC (Backward) Mean:", mean_bic_backward, "\n")## BIC (Backward) Mean: 185.4404Berdasarkan hasil diatas, dapat disimpulkan model terbaik subset regresi adalah Backward karena mempunya nilai AIC dan BIC paling kecil diantara lainnya.