Summary
| Specialisation |
Data Analysis and Interpretation |
| Course |
Data Management and Visualisation |
| Education Institution |
Wesleyan University |
| Publisher |
Coursera |
| Assignment |
Developing a Research Question and Creating Your Personal Code Book |
Introduction
Besides the historical fascination on Mars due to its proximity and some similarities with Earth, the collection of facts allows scientists to put together a pig jigsaw puzzle.
An announcement made by NASA just this week about evidence of flowing liquid water on the surface of Mars just adds to all that is know and the curiosity, or even need, to find out much more.
Choosing a Data Set
With all the talks about Mars, including both Science and Fiction (a Ridley Scott’s movie called The Martian, based on the book with the same name, by Andy Weir is showing starting this week), the data set chosen for this assignment is the Mars Craters.
The Mars Craters Study, presents a global database that includes over 300,000 Mars craters 1 km or larger that were created between 4.2 and 3.8 billion years ago during a period of heavy bombardment (i.e. impacts of asteroids, proto-planets, and comets).
The data set was made available by Wesleyan University/Coursera as part of the Data Management and Visualisation course, of the Data Analysis and Interpretation Specialisation, from the Ph.D. Thesis Planetary Surface Properties, Cratering Physics, and the Volcanic History of Mars from a New Global Martian Crater Database (2011) by Robbins, S.J., University of Colorado at Boulder.
Topic of Interest
The data set provides a catalogue of craters on Mars. The initial thoughts are about checking for patterns that could identify specific major events that might have happened and that would have significant impact on Mars’ geology, climate and life as a planetary body.
Codebook
As the initial data set has only nine variables, they could all the relevant to formulate hypothesis and help in leading to a conclusion, so all the variables will be kept for this assignment.
Variables
- CRATER_ID: crater ID for internal sue, based upon the region of the planet (\({1 \over 16}\)), the “pass” under which the crate was identified, ad the order in which it was identified
- LATITUDE_CIRCLE_IMAGE: latitude from the derived centre of a non-linear least-squares circle fit to the vertices selected to manually identify the crater rim (units are decimal degrees North)
- LONGITUDE_CIRCLE_IMAGE: longitude from the derived centre of a non-linear least-squares circle fit to the vertices selected to manually identify the crater rim (units are decimal degrees East)
- DIAM_CIRCLE_IMAGE: diameter from a non-linear least squares circle fit to the vertices selected to manually identify the crater rim (units are km)
- DEPTH_RIMFLOOR_TOPOG: average elevation of each of the manually determined N points along (or inside) the crater rim (units are km)
- Depth Rim: Points are selected as relative topographic highs under the assumption they are the least eroded so most original points along the rim
- Depth Floor: Points were chosen as the lowest elevation that did not include visible embedded craters
- MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_1: ejecta morphology classified.
- If there are multiple values, separated by a “/”, then the order is the inner-most ejecta through the outer-most, or the top-most through the bottom-most
- MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_2: the morphology of the layer(s) itself/themselves. This classification system is unique to this work.
- MORPHOLOGY_EJECTA_3: overall texture and/or shape of some of the layer(s)/ejecta that are generally unique and deserve separate morphological classification.
- NUMBER_LAYERS: the maximum number of cohesive layers in any azimuthal direction that could be reliably identified
Secondary Topic of Interest
What can the resulting craters tell about the original impacts?
- Was Mars bombarded in a regular fashion?
- Was there a common area of impact, like a specific region of the planet?
- Was there a common origin, like from the inner or outer solar system?
- What commonalities can be stablished from the resulting craters?
Hypothesis
Were particular types of impacts associated with an specific region of the planet?
The main variables to be examined are the geographic location (latitude and longitude) and the resulting shapes from the impacts (ejecta morphology).
Similar studies
- Planetary Surface Properties, Cratering Physics, and the Volcanic History of Mars from a New Global Martian Crater Database, Robbins, S.J.
- The Martian impact cratering record, Strom, Robert G.; Croft, Steven K.; Barlow, Nadine G.
- Martian cratering II: Asteroid impact history, William K. Hartmann
- Cratering Chronology and the Evolution of Mars, William K. Hartmann; Gerhard Neukum