Lab 1: Intro to R

library(tidyverse)
library(openintro)
data('arbuthnot', package='openintro')

Exercise 1

arbuthnot$girls

##  [1] 4683 4457 4102 4590 4839 4820 4928 4605 4457 4952 4784 5332 5200 4910 4617
## [16] 3997 3919 3395 3536 3181 2746 2722 2840 2908 2959 3179 3349 3382 3289 3013
## [31] 2781 3247 4107 4803 4881 5681 4858 4319 5322 5560 5829 5719 6061 6120 5822
## [46] 5738 5717 5847 6203 6033 6041 6299 6533 6744 7158 7127 7246 7119 7214 7101
## [61] 7167 7302 7392 7316 7483 6647 6713 7229 7767 7626 7452 7061 7514 7656 7683
## [76] 5738 7779 7417 7687 7623 7380 7288

Exercise 2

There is a significant decrease of girls baptized from 1620 to 1660. After that year, the amount of girls baptized increase drastically until the 1700’s, where we can some reduction of the number of baptisms. The graphic below shows the changes on the amount of females baptisms over the years.

ggplot(data = arbuthnot, aes(x = year, y = girls)) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_point(
    colour = 'red'
  )

Exercise 3

With the new variable created(total) I am able to generate a linear chart, showing the proportion of boys born over time displaying a increase pattern over the years.

arbuthnot <- arbuthnot %>%
  mutate(total = boys + girls)
ggplot(data = arbuthnot, aes(x = boys , y = total)) + 
  geom_line()

Exercise 4

The years included in this data ranges from 1940 to 2002. The dimensions of the data frame are 63 observations and 3 variables There are three variables: Year, Boys, and Girls

data('present', package='openintro')
present %>%
  summarize(min = min(boys), max = max(boys))

## # A tibble: 1 × 2
##       min     max
##     <dbl>   <dbl>
## 1 1211684 2186274

Exercise 5

The range of years are bigger on the Arbuthnot dataframe, also the dimmensions are bigger, it contains more rows,

arbuthnot <- present %>%
  summarize(min = min(boys), max = max(boys))

Exercise 6

The Proportion of boys being born in greater proportion than girls in the U.S changes from the first data frame to the second one, an increase of girls is evident in the charts.

present <- present %>%
  mutate(total = boys + girls)
ggplot(data = present, aes(x = boys , y = total)) + 
  geom_line()

Exercise 7

The most total number of births in the U.S was in 1961, with a total of 4268326.

present %>%
  arrange(desc(total))

## # A tibble: 63 × 4
##     year    boys   girls   total
##    <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>
##  1  1961 2186274 2082052 4268326
##  2  1960 2179708 2078142 4257850
##  3  1957 2179960 2074824 4254784
##  4  1959 2173638 2071158 4244796
##  5  1958 2152546 2051266 4203812
##  6  1962 2132466 2034896 4167362
##  7  1956 2133588 2029502 4163090
##  8  1990 2129495 2028717 4158212
##  9  1991 2101518 2009389 4110907
## 10  1963 2101632 1996388 4098020
## # ℹ 53 more rows