Introduction

RAPTOR is a data driven program that is used to determine the overall impact players have in basketball games. RAPTOR works to identify the statistically best player based on data. The collected data is then used to determine a RAPTOR score. RAPTER scores inform us of the players individual strengths both offensively and defensively.

Resources

viewable dataset : https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/nba-player-ratings/?player=Nikola%20Jokic&season=2023

dataset file : https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/nba-model/2023/latest_RAPTOR_by_team.csv

Mission

Statistically NBA Players are compared to other players throughout their leagues. This information can be used to determine their rankings. RAPTOR uses individual players offensive and defensive game statistics to determine their RAPTOR scores. By collecting data for every 100 possessions for every player on a team, we can further evaluate how a this data can then be used to determine how responsible individual players are and how much of an asset they are to their teams.

Load Dataset

View Variables

glimpse(player_stats)
## Rows: 826
## Columns: 23
## $ player_name          <chr> "Precious Achiuwa", "Steven Adams", "Bam Adebayo"…
## $ player_id            <chr> "achiupr01", "adamsst01", "adebaba01", "adebaba01…
## $ season               <dbl> 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2023, 2…
## $ season_type          <chr> "RS", "RS", "PO", "RS", "RS", "PO", "RS", "PO", "…
## $ team                 <chr> "TOR", "MEM", "MIA", "MIA", "UTA", "MEM", "MEM", …
## $ poss                 <dbl> 2328, 2391, 1681, 5252, 2604, 216, 3608, 292, 771…
## $ mp                   <dbl> 1140, 1133, 850, 2598, 1209, 101, 1682, 148, 356,…
## $ raptor_box_offense   <dbl> -2.442458528, -0.539148559, -2.042951574, -1.8615…
## $ raptor_box_defense   <dbl> 0.6059675, 4.1744727, 1.3431849, 2.6635341, -2.19…
## $ raptor_box_total     <dbl> -1.8364910, 3.6353241, -0.6997666, 0.8019386, -3.…
## $ raptor_onoff_offense <dbl> 1.5838540, 4.1960195, 0.5767249, 1.9065966, 0.637…
## $ raptor_onoff_defense <dbl> -3.7565317, 0.1861586, 3.9555257, 2.2121686, -0.5…
## $ raptor_onoff_total   <dbl> -2.17267771, 4.38217806, 4.53225063, 4.11876523, …
## $ raptor_offense       <dbl> -1.7711798, 0.4162789, -1.6677504, -1.1547577, -1…
## $ raptor_defense       <dbl> -0.283672608, 3.550985038, 1.933159611, 2.7184602…
## $ raptor_total         <dbl> -2.0548524, 3.9672639, 0.2654092, 1.5637026, -2.9…
## $ war_total            <dbl> 0.40048753, 3.89211105, 1.34298402, 5.69216368, -…
## $ war_reg_season       <dbl> 0.40048753, 3.89211105, 0.00000000, 5.69216368, -…
## $ war_playoffs         <dbl> 0.00000000, 0.00000000, 1.34298402, 0.00000000, 0…
## $ predator_offense     <dbl> -1.8679863, 0.0250968, -0.3474364, -0.9571592, -1…
## $ predator_defense     <dbl> -0.1828059, 3.5700237, 2.1676686, 2.6585453, -2.5…
## $ predator_total       <dbl> -2.0507923, 3.5951205, 1.8202322, 1.7013861, -3.6…
## $ pace_impact          <dbl> -0.95606483, 0.23790536, -0.41581977, -0.45274116…

Variable Definitions

#
vd <- tribble(
~column, ~Description,
"player_name",  "Player name",
"player_id",    "Basketball-Reference.com player ID",
"season",   "Season",
"season_type",  "Regular season (RS) or playoff (PO)",
"team", "Basketball-Reference ID of team",
"poss", "Possessions played",
"mp",   "Minutes played",
"raptor_box_offense",   "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, based only on box score estimate",
"raptor_box_defense",   "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, based only on box score estimate",
"raptor_box_total", "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player, based only on box score estimate",
"raptor_onoff_offense", "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, based only on plus-minus data",
"raptor_onoff_defense", "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, based only on plus-minus data",
"raptor_onoff_total",   "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player, based only on plus-minus data",
"raptor_offense",   "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, using both box and on-off components",
"raptor_defense",   "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, using both box and on-off components",
"raptor_total", "Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on both offense and defense, using both box and on-off components",
"war_total",    "Wins Above Replacement between regular season and playoffs",
"war_reg_season",   "Wins Above Replacement for regular season",
"war_playoffs", "Wins Above Replacement for playoffs",
"predator_offense", "Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense",
"predator_defense", "Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense",
"predator_total",   "Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on both offense and defense",
"pace_impact",  "Player impact on team possessions per 48 minutes"
)

kable(vd)
column Description
player_name Player name
player_id Basketball-Reference.com player ID
season Season
season_type Regular season (RS) or playoff (PO)
team Basketball-Reference ID of team
poss Possessions played
mp Minutes played
raptor_box_offense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, based only on box score estimate
raptor_box_defense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, based only on box score estimate
raptor_box_total Points above average per 100 possessions added by player, based only on box score estimate
raptor_onoff_offense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, based only on plus-minus data
raptor_onoff_defense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, based only on plus-minus data
raptor_onoff_total Points above average per 100 possessions added by player, based only on plus-minus data
raptor_offense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense, using both box and on-off components
raptor_defense Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense, using both box and on-off components
raptor_total Points above average per 100 possessions added by player on both offense and defense, using both box and on-off components
war_total Wins Above Replacement between regular season and playoffs
war_reg_season Wins Above Replacement for regular season
war_playoffs Wins Above Replacement for playoffs
predator_offense Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on offense
predator_defense Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on defense
predator_total Predictive points above average per 100 possessions added by player on both offense and defense
pace_impact Player impact on team possessions per 48 minutes

Dependent Variables and Subset

dependents : player_name, team, raptor_total.

Subset : season -> 2023 - 2024, minutes_played -> more than 5 minutes per game, season_type -> regular season.

player_stats_sub <- player_stats |> filter(season == 2023 | 2024) |> filter(season_type == "RS") |> filter(mp >= 82 * 5 )|> select (player_name = player_name, team = team, raptor_total = raptor_total)

kable(player_stats_sub)
player_name team raptor_total
Precious Achiuwa TOR -2.0548524
Steven Adams MEM 3.9672639
Bam Adebayo MIA 1.5637026
Ochai Agbaji UTA -2.9756222
Santi Aldama MEM -1.3986251
Nickeil Alexander-Walker UTA 3.6365392
Grayson Allen MIL 0.1019758
Jarrett Allen CLE 1.2660055
Jose Alvarado NOP 1.7618504
Kyle Anderson MIN 1.6700665
Giannis Antetokounmpo MIL 6.1301419
Cole Anthony ORL 1.5737265
O.G. Anunoby TOR 1.4065875
Deni Avdija WAS -0.9707052
Deandre Ayton PHO -2.3871153
Marvin Bagley III DET -1.3531347
LaMelo Ball CHA 1.2396256
Mo Bamba ORL -1.0540890
Paolo Banchero ORL -3.0886642
Desmond Bane MEM 3.8416622
Harrison Barnes SAC 1.2496525
Scottie Barnes TOR 0.6419382
RJ Barrett NYK -3.2631347
Will Barton WAS -6.2970468
Charles Bassey SAS -0.8834722
Keita Bates-Diop SAS -1.1832199
Nicolas Batum LAC 0.1451727
Darius Bazley OKC -0.0695274
Bradley Beal WAS 1.1970619
Malik Beasley LAL -2.5117502
Malik Beasley UTA -1.1843525
MarJon Beauchamp MIL -5.5662899
Davis Bertans DAL -1.1699930
Patrick Beverley CHI -0.9676514
Patrick Beverley LAL -3.1091717
Saddiq Bey DET -1.0310235
Saddiq Bey ATL 1.0411078
Bismack Biyombo PHO -2.2456628
Bogdan Bogdanovic ATL 1.7112563
Bojan Bogdanovic DET -1.2860451
Bol Bol ORL -4.7475832
Devin Booker PHO 4.4547698
Chris Boucher TOR -0.1097324
James Bouknight CHA -5.4947430
Malaki Branham SAS -6.5781476
Christian Braun DEN -2.1859625
Mikal Bridges PHO 0.6570765
Mikal Bridges BRK 4.0425004
Oshae Brissett IND -2.5714137
Malcolm Brogdon BOS 1.8235419
Dillon Brooks MEM -0.0886089
Bruce Brown DEN -1.2730117
Jaylen Brown BOS 0.5677273
Troy Brown Jr. LAL -1.0474768
Jalen Brunson NYK 4.0123516
Thomas Bryant LAL -1.2232064
Reggie Bullock DAL -4.6280118
Alec Burks DET 3.0812365
Jimmy Butler MIA 6.5851575
Kentavious Caldwell-Pope DEN 1.9813543
Vlatko Cancar DEN -2.2966833
Clint Capela ATL 2.9769582
Jevon Carter MIL -1.1982711
Wendell Carter Jr. ORL 0.2390517
Alex Caruso CHI 5.9902836
Josh Christopher HOU -6.1970060
Max Christie LAL -2.0359035
Brandon Clarke MEM -0.1940997
Jordan Clarkson UTA -0.5492750
Nic Claxton BRK 2.0946371
Amir Coffey LAC -6.8668623
John Collins ATL -3.1332903
Zach Collins SAS 0.2186719
Mike Conley UTA 1.8614623
Mike Conley MIN 3.2112081
Pat Connaughton MIL 0.3898045
Robert Covington LAC 0.6885709
Torrey Craig PHO -1.5861805
Seth Curry BRK -2.8830463
Stephen Curry GSW 6.4653260
Dyson Daniels NOP -0.0820905
Anthony Davis LAL 7.2840836
Johnny Davis WAS -6.3251080
Terence Davis SAC -0.6770935
DeMar DeRozan CHI 2.6421291
Hamidou Diallo DET 1.9125518
Ousmane Dieng OKC -4.7970222
Spencer Dinwiddie DAL -0.8731882
Spencer Dinwiddie BRK 3.3892089
Donte DiVincenzo GSW 2.6644566
Luka Doncic DAL 7.8236080
Luguentz Dort OKC 1.6945108
Ayo Dosunmu CHI -2.5654691
Goran Dragic CHI -3.0948845
Andre Drummond CHI 1.0520166
Chris Duarte IND -1.8606066
Kris Dunn UTA -0.5639031
Kevin Durant BRK 5.3931333
Jalen Duren DET -1.9041078
Tari Eason HOU 0.3995191
Anthony Edwards MIN 1.6481266
Joel Embiid PHI 8.2090795
Drew Eubanks POR -1.5401547
Dorian Finney-Smith BRK -2.5762876
Dorian Finney-Smith DAL 0.0421500
Malachi Flynn TOR -4.5321059
Simone Fontecchio UTA -8.1513441
Evan Fournier NYK -4.9472471
De’Aaron Fox SAC 2.9919475
Markelle Fultz ORL -0.6949089
Wenyen Gabriel LAL 0.2198158
Daniel Gafford WAS 0.0157985
Darius Garland CLE 4.4695356
Usman Garuba HOU -2.1145063
Rudy Gay UTA -3.1383169
Paul George LAC 4.7950781
Taj Gibson WAS -3.3073531
Josh Giddey OKC -2.4651430
Shai Gilgeous-Alexander OKC 5.1739726
Anthony Gill WAS -3.9779279
Rudy Gobert MIN 2.0731743
Jordan Goodwin WAS 0.6590433
Aaron Gordon DEN 2.9589398
Eric Gordon HOU -3.9487877
Eric Gordon LAC -2.2399926
Devonte’ Graham SAS -1.8800657
Devonte’ Graham NOP 0.3573282
Jerami Grant POR -0.3655336
Draymond Green GSW 2.3724342
JaMychal Green GSW -3.7478597
Javonte Green CHI 3.2561410
Jalen Green HOU -1.4344392
Jeff Green DEN -4.8797174
Josh Green DAL -0.0826559
AJ Griffin ATL -0.2131095
Blake Griffin BOS 4.8738337
Quentin Grimes NYK 0.1114381
Rui Hachimura LAL -2.8589818
Rui Hachimura WAS -1.1938529
Tyrese Haliburton IND 5.9057225
Tim Hardaway Jr. DAL 2.7387523
James Harden PHI 5.7797849
Jaden Hardy DAL -3.0081109
Montrezl Harrell PHI 1.3983592
Gary Harris ORL -0.9666088
Joe Harris BRK -2.7583661
Kevon Harris ORL -1.0463393
Tobias Harris PHI -0.1752639
Isaiah Hartenstein NYK 1.3218289
Josh Hart POR 1.7975529
Josh Hart NYK 6.1160426
Sam Hauser BOS 2.2197564
Jaxson Hayes NOP -3.2415094
Killian Hayes DET -2.0201634
Gordon Hayward CHA -1.6189238
Juancho Hernangomez TOR -3.7016458
Willy Hernangomez NOP -0.2226050
Tyler Herro MIA -0.0948322
Buddy Hield IND 1.7274081
Haywood Highsmith MIA -2.3862890
George Hill MIL -0.9106106
Aaron Holiday ATL 1.1349100
Jrue Holiday MIL 5.5484420
Justin Holiday ATL -6.7175014
Al Horford BOS 1.3161736
Talen Horton-Tucker UTA -1.2545183
Danuel House Jr. PHI -3.2069288
Caleb Houstan ORL -4.2313566
Kevin Huerter SAC 0.2906441
De’Andre Hunter ATL -2.1300483
Bones Hyland DEN -3.2142103
Joe Ingles MIL -0.3888881
Brandon Ingram NOP 0.8215423
Kyrie Irving DAL 6.2287501
Kyrie Irving BRK 5.8335974
Jaden Ivey DET -5.0458244
Isaiah Jackson IND -3.6346173
Jaren Jackson Jr. MEM 3.9045512
Reggie Jackson LAC -2.2408998
LeBron James LAL 4.4403665
Ty Jerome GSW -3.1674502
Isaiah Joe OKC 2.9956792
Cameron Johnson PHO 4.6794551
Cameron Johnson BRK 3.5897619
Jalen Johnson ATL 0.6334384
Keldon Johnson SAS -1.9465833
Keon Johnson POR -7.0082201
Stanley Johnson SAS -0.9447546
Nikola Jokic DEN 14.0926993
Derrick Jones Jr. CHI 1.0804998
Herbert Jones NOP 2.7120986
Kai Jones CHA -3.4794480
Tre Jones SAS 1.8217339
Tyus Jones MEM 0.0034864
DeAndre Jordan DEN -6.8888897
Cory Joseph DET -1.2014573
Luke Kennard MEM 1.6723530
Luke Kennard LAC -1.4625977
Walker Kessler UTA 3.3953891
Corey Kispert WAS -2.5193774
Maxi Kleber DAL -3.1085608
Kevin Knox II DET -3.6055079
Christian Koloko TOR -0.5256576
John Konchar MEM 2.4789642
Luke Kornet BOS 1.5691682
Jonathan Kuminga GSW -2.4023834
Kyle Kuzma WAS -0.5045922
Anthony Lamb GSW 0.9648220
Jock Landale PHO 2.1653923
Romeo Langford SAS -1.4575451
Jake LaRavia MEM -4.2085360
Zach LaVine CHI 1.1641165
Damion Lee PHO -0.3212675
Kawhi Leonard LAC 6.7769049
Caris LeVert CLE 1.5229079
Damian Lillard POR 7.8164972
Nassir Little POR -4.7206235
Isaiah Livers DET -2.1969080
Kevon Looney GSW 3.4379218
Brook Lopez MIL 4.4237232
Kevin Love CLE 0.4270583
Kevin Love MIA 1.9203640
Kyle Lowry MIA 1.4594905
Trey Lyles SAC -1.2779395
Theo Maledon CHA -2.6349833
Sandro Mamukelashvili SAS -6.1327842
Terance Mann LAC -0.6779731
Tre Mann OKC -2.2921162
Lauri Markkanen UTA 4.5309394
Naji Marshall NOP -1.4921366
Caleb Martin MIA -0.9482331
Kenyon Martin Jr. HOU -4.0834820
Garrison Mathews HOU 3.1454629
Bennedict Mathurin IND -2.4005239
Wesley Matthews MIL -2.5638423
Tyrese Maxey PHI 1.2005739
Miles McBride NYK -0.4242505
CJ McCollum NOP -0.0857224
T.J. McConnell IND 2.2398628
Jalen McDaniels CHA -0.7965291
Jalen McDaniels PHI -1.9597003
Jaden McDaniels MIN 0.3019177
Doug McDermott SAS -5.3709656
Bryce McGowens CHA -5.0076030
Rodney McGruder DET 0.5236019
Jordan McLaughlin MIN 0.7415101
De’Anthony Melton PHI 0.9683613
Chimezie Metu SAC -0.6113619
Khris Middleton MIL 2.6359807
Patty Mills BRK -4.4688276
Shake Milton PHI -2.1372576
Davion Mitchell SAC 0.1616335
Donovan Mitchell CLE 4.8394565
Evan Mobley CLE 0.0482168
Malik Monk SAC -0.4603115
Moses Moody GSW -3.0521293
Ja Morant MEM 5.6222330
Marcus Morris Sr. LAC -2.6233470
Monte Morris WAS 0.6796210
Trey Murphy III NOP 1.7190108
Dejounte Murray ATL -0.4978363
Jamal Murray DEN 1.2143329
Keegan Murray SAC -1.6166644
Mike Muscala OKC 0.0580225
Svi Mykhailiuk CHA 1.5299139
Larry Nance Jr. NOP 1.9904937
Andrew Nembhard IND -2.2570222
Aaron Nesmith IND -2.3503664
Raul Neto CLE 0.7171260
Georges Niang PHI -2.6087405
Daishen Nix HOU -7.3046071
Zeke Nnaji DEN -3.6197300
Jaylen Nowell MIN -1.8063796
Frank Ntilikina DAL -4.2804058
Kendrick Nunn LAL -4.6636290
Kendrick Nunn WAS -2.6337082
Jusuf Nurkic POR 0.9377887
Jordan Nwora MIL -5.5696373
Jordan Nwora IND -4.2410514
Chuma Okeke ORL -4.8451333
Josh Okogie PHO 3.6985341
Onyeka Okongwu ATL 0.9799302
Isaac Okoro CLE -0.0848007
Victor Oladipo MIA -0.9592090
Kelly Olynyk UTA 0.6985285
Royce O’Neale BRK 0.0610762
Cedi Osman CLE 1.2194399
Kelly Oubre Jr. CHA 0.1521016
Chris Paul PHO 1.8807938
Cameron Payne PHO -0.3889468
Mason Plumlee CHA -0.0565854
Mason Plumlee LAC 1.5454368
Jakob Poeltl TOR 3.1099232
Jakob Poeltl SAS -0.5789465
Aleksej Pokusevski OKC -2.4446068
Jordan Poole GSW -3.0990492
Kevin Porter Jr. HOU 1.2680182
Michael Porter Jr. DEN 0.3175142
Bobby Portis MIL -0.8876312
Kristaps Porzingis WAS 4.8182759
Dwight Powell DAL 0.6973001
Norman Powell LAC -1.8562566
Taurean Prince MIN -2.7100792
Payton Pritchard BOS -0.9862042
Immanuel Quickley NYK 3.4102746
Julius Randle NYK 1.3037158
Austin Reaves LAL 4.1031200
Cam Reddish POR -6.0263719
Cam Reddish NYK -2.2403206
Paul Reed PHI 2.9888688
Naz Reid MIN -0.7403994
Josh Richardson SAS -1.3114023
Josh Richardson NOP -2.6769526
Nick Richards CHA -2.0872500
Austin Rivers MIN -5.0633701
Duncan Robinson MIA -4.7891678
Jeremiah Robinson-Earl OKC -2.2545087
Mitchell Robinson NYK 3.1546756
Orlando Robinson MIA -1.6410329
Isaiah Roby SAS -5.3594777
David Roddy MEM -3.8311252
Terrence Ross ORL -2.9255971
Terry Rozier CHA -0.2407835
Ricky Rubio CLE 1.0863097
D’Angelo Russell LAL 2.5498890
D’Angelo Russell MIN 0.1308778
Domantas Sabonis SAC 3.4723278
Dario Saric PHO -2.3570826
Admiral Schofield ORL -4.3447499
Dennis Schroder LAL -0.9861830
Alperen Sengun HOU 1.9024831
Collin Sexton UTA -0.5532512
Landry Shamet PHO 1.2063866
Day’Ron Sharpe BRK -6.8441707
Shaedon Sharpe POR -5.0064872
Pascal Siakam TOR 0.5860680
Ben Simmons BRK -0.7069917
Anfernee Simons POR 1.1069246
Jericho Sims NYK -2.5904069
Marcus Smart BOS 0.8925892
Dennis Smith Jr. CHA 0.4493694
Jalen Smith IND -3.7316549
Jabari Smith Jr. HOU -4.7231832
Jeremy Sochan SAS -1.9462820
Lamar Stevens CLE -2.4932713
Isaiah Stewart DET -2.0813574
Max Strus MIA -2.6170201
Jalen Suggs ORL 2.8744414
Edmond Sumner BRK -2.3770116
Jae’Sean Tate HOU -0.5371647
Jayson Tatum BOS 3.7018109
Cam Thomas BRK -2.3172522
Klay Thompson GSW -0.3206194
JT Thor CHA -5.4050744
Matisse Thybulle PHI 2.3042161
Matisse Thybulle POR -1.8567384
Xavier Tillman MEM 0.1923051
Obi Toppin NYK -1.4512678
Karl-Anthony Towns MIN 0.7310536
Gary Trent Jr. TOR -0.3321569
P.J. Tucker PHI -3.1773183
Myles Turner IND -0.3479767
Jonas Valanciunas NOP -2.2001933
Jarred Vanderbilt UTA -2.3772796
Jarred Vanderbilt LAL -1.0008054
Fred VanVleet TOR 5.0432055
Devin Vassell SAS -0.0768118
Gabe Vincent MIA -1.8280559
Nikola Vucevic CHI -1.3865449
Dean Wade CLE -1.0226279
Franz Wagner ORL 2.6612061
Moritz Wagner ORL 1.6063647
Ish Wainright PHO 0.2440690
Jabari Walker POR -7.1074080
Lonnie Walker IV LAL -4.9107217
John Wall LAC -4.4279702
T.J. Warren BRK -3.6168440
P.J. Washington CHA -3.2248735
TyTy Washington Jr. HOU -6.5559544
Yuta Watanabe BRK -0.8489260
Lindy Waters III OKC 1.1006059
Trendon Watford POR -2.7214778
Blake Wesley SAS -11.1975209
Russell Westbrook LAC 1.3515718
Russell Westbrook LAL -2.7250184
Coby White CHI 1.3056923
Derrick White BOS 4.9546288
Aaron Wiggins OKC -1.3361596
Andrew Wiggins GSW 0.7141659
Grant Williams BOS -0.9832690
Jalen Williams OKC -1.5799376
Jaylin Williams OKC -0.3408875
Kenrich Williams OKC 2.4359468
Mark Williams CHA -1.2600194
Patrick Williams CHI -2.9242375
Robert Williams III BOS 0.8778698
Zion Williamson NOP 3.5872348
Ziaire Williams MEM -1.5110956
Justise Winslow POR -1.0787818
James Wiseman DET -8.2709065
Christian Wood DAL -0.4320079
Delon Wright WAS 4.5273632
Thaddeus Young TOR -1.8930385
Trae Young ATL 4.0820177
Ivica Zubac LAC -0.7953148

Generated Metrics

total_team_impact_raptor -> team is individual player’s raptor points is distance from zero added together

overall_team_raptor -> team is individual’s players raptor points added together

number_of_team_players -> players in each team

rtcp(raptor_team_component_percentage) -> individual player is contribution percentage to team’s total raptor points

impact -> individual player is impact on team’s total raptor score

total_team_raptor = player_stats_sub |>  summarize( total_team_impact_raptor = sum(abs(raptor_total)), overall_team_raptor = sum(raptor_total),  number_of_team_players = n(), .by = team )
#aptor_team_contribution_percent
player_stats <- inner_join(player_stats_sub, total_team_raptor, by = "team") |> mutate(rtcp = format(round(abs((raptor_total / total_team_impact_raptor) * 100), 2), nsmall = 2), impact = ifelse(raptor_total > 0, "Positive", "Negative"))


player_stats <- transform(player_stats, rtcp = as.character(rtcp)) |> mutate(rtcp = str_c("% ", rtcp))
kable(player_stats)
player_name team raptor_total total_team_impact_raptor overall_team_raptor number_of_team_players rtcp impact
Precious Achiuwa TOR -2.0548524 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 8.58 Negative
Steven Adams MEM 3.9672639 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 12.05 Positive
Bam Adebayo MIA 1.5637026 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 5.84 Positive
Ochai Agbaji UTA -2.9756222 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 8.53 Negative
Santi Aldama MEM -1.3986251 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 4.25 Negative
Nickeil Alexander-Walker UTA 3.6365392 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 10.43 Positive
Grayson Allen MIL 0.1019758 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 0.28 Positive
Jarrett Allen CLE 1.2660055 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 6.59 Positive
Jose Alvarado NOP 1.7618504 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 7.68 Positive
Kyle Anderson MIN 1.6700665 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 8.02 Positive
Giannis Antetokounmpo MIL 6.1301419 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 16.88 Positive
Cole Anthony ORL 1.5737265 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 4.26 Positive
O.G. Anunoby TOR 1.4065875 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 5.88 Positive
Deni Avdija WAS -0.9707052 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 2.45 Negative
Deandre Ayton PHO -2.3871153 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 8.44 Negative
Marvin Bagley III DET -1.3531347 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 3.81 Negative
LaMelo Ball CHA 1.2396256 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 3.57 Positive
Mo Bamba ORL -1.0540890 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 2.86 Negative
Paolo Banchero ORL -3.0886642 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 8.37 Negative
Desmond Bane MEM 3.8416622 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 11.67 Positive
Harrison Barnes SAC 1.2496525 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 9.76 Positive
Scottie Barnes TOR 0.6419382 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 2.68 Positive
RJ Barrett NYK -3.2631347 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 9.50 Negative
Will Barton WAS -6.2970468 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 15.89 Negative
Charles Bassey SAS -0.8834722 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 1.81 Negative
Keita Bates-Diop SAS -1.1832199 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 2.42 Negative
Nicolas Batum LAC 0.1451727 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 0.38 Positive
Darius Bazley OKC -0.0695274 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 0.22 Negative
Bradley Beal WAS 1.1970619 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 3.02 Positive
Malik Beasley LAL -2.5117502 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 5.50 Negative
Malik Beasley UTA -1.1843525 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 3.40 Negative
MarJon Beauchamp MIL -5.5662899 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 15.33 Negative
Davis Bertans DAL -1.1699930 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 3.33 Negative
Patrick Beverley CHI -0.9676514 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 3.53 Negative
Patrick Beverley LAL -3.1091717 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 6.81 Negative
Saddiq Bey DET -1.0310235 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 2.90 Negative
Saddiq Bey ATL 1.0411078 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 4.12 Positive
Bismack Biyombo PHO -2.2456628 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 7.94 Negative
Bogdan Bogdanovic ATL 1.7112563 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 6.78 Positive
Bojan Bogdanovic DET -1.2860451 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 3.62 Negative
Bol Bol ORL -4.7475832 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 12.87 Negative
Devin Booker PHO 4.4547698 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 15.76 Positive
Chris Boucher TOR -0.1097324 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 0.46 Negative
James Bouknight CHA -5.4947430 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 15.85 Negative
Malaki Branham SAS -6.5781476 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 13.46 Negative
Christian Braun DEN -2.1859625 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 4.87 Negative
Mikal Bridges PHO 0.6570765 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 2.32 Positive
Mikal Bridges BRK 4.0425004 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 7.51 Positive
Oshae Brissett IND -2.5714137 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 7.73 Negative
Malcolm Brogdon BOS 1.8235419 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 7.36 Positive
Dillon Brooks MEM -0.0886089 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 0.27 Negative
Bruce Brown DEN -1.2730117 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 2.83 Negative
Jaylen Brown BOS 0.5677273 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 2.29 Positive
Troy Brown Jr. LAL -1.0474768 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 2.29 Negative
Jalen Brunson NYK 4.0123516 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 11.68 Positive
Thomas Bryant LAL -1.2232064 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 2.68 Negative
Reggie Bullock DAL -4.6280118 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 13.18 Negative
Alec Burks DET 3.0812365 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 8.68 Positive
Jimmy Butler MIA 6.5851575 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 24.58 Positive
Kentavious Caldwell-Pope DEN 1.9813543 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 4.41 Positive
Vlatko Cancar DEN -2.2966833 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 5.11 Negative
Clint Capela ATL 2.9769582 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 11.79 Positive
Jevon Carter MIL -1.1982711 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 3.30 Negative
Wendell Carter Jr. ORL 0.2390517 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 0.65 Positive
Alex Caruso CHI 5.9902836 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 21.84 Positive
Josh Christopher HOU -6.1970060 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 14.21 Negative
Max Christie LAL -2.0359035 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 4.46 Negative
Brandon Clarke MEM -0.1940997 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 0.59 Negative
Jordan Clarkson UTA -0.5492750 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 1.58 Negative
Nic Claxton BRK 2.0946371 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 3.89 Positive
Amir Coffey LAC -6.8668623 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 17.84 Negative
John Collins ATL -3.1332903 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 12.41 Negative
Zach Collins SAS 0.2186719 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 0.45 Positive
Mike Conley UTA 1.8614623 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 5.34 Positive
Mike Conley MIN 3.2112081 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 15.42 Positive
Pat Connaughton MIL 0.3898045 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 1.07 Positive
Robert Covington LAC 0.6885709 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 1.79 Positive
Torrey Craig PHO -1.5861805 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 5.61 Negative
Seth Curry BRK -2.8830463 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 5.36 Negative
Stephen Curry GSW 6.4653260 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 19.95 Positive
Dyson Daniels NOP -0.0820905 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 0.36 Negative
Anthony Davis LAL 7.2840836 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 15.95 Positive
Johnny Davis WAS -6.3251080 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 15.96 Negative
Terence Davis SAC -0.6770935 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 5.29 Negative
DeMar DeRozan CHI 2.6421291 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 9.63 Positive
Hamidou Diallo DET 1.9125518 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 5.39 Positive
Ousmane Dieng OKC -4.7970222 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 15.45 Negative
Spencer Dinwiddie DAL -0.8731882 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 2.49 Negative
Spencer Dinwiddie BRK 3.3892089 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 6.30 Positive
Donte DiVincenzo GSW 2.6644566 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 8.22 Positive
Luka Doncic DAL 7.8236080 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 22.28 Positive
Luguentz Dort OKC 1.6945108 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 5.46 Positive
Ayo Dosunmu CHI -2.5654691 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 9.35 Negative
Goran Dragic CHI -3.0948845 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 11.28 Negative
Andre Drummond CHI 1.0520166 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 3.84 Positive
Chris Duarte IND -1.8606066 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 5.59 Negative
Kris Dunn UTA -0.5639031 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 1.62 Negative
Kevin Durant BRK 5.3931333 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 10.02 Positive
Jalen Duren DET -1.9041078 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 5.36 Negative
Tari Eason HOU 0.3995191 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 0.92 Positive
Anthony Edwards MIN 1.6481266 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 7.91 Positive
Joel Embiid PHI 8.2090795 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 22.73 Positive
Drew Eubanks POR -1.5401547 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 3.14 Negative
Dorian Finney-Smith BRK -2.5762876 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 4.79 Negative
Dorian Finney-Smith DAL 0.0421500 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 0.12 Positive
Malachi Flynn TOR -4.5321059 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 18.93 Negative
Simone Fontecchio UTA -8.1513441 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 23.38 Negative
Evan Fournier NYK -4.9472471 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 14.40 Negative
De’Aaron Fox SAC 2.9919475 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 23.36 Positive
Markelle Fultz ORL -0.6949089 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 1.88 Negative
Wenyen Gabriel LAL 0.2198158 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 0.48 Positive
Daniel Gafford WAS 0.0157985 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 0.04 Positive
Darius Garland CLE 4.4695356 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 23.28 Positive
Usman Garuba HOU -2.1145063 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 4.85 Negative
Rudy Gay UTA -3.1383169 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 9.00 Negative
Paul George LAC 4.7950781 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 12.46 Positive
Taj Gibson WAS -3.3073531 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 8.35 Negative
Josh Giddey OKC -2.4651430 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 7.94 Negative
Shai Gilgeous-Alexander OKC 5.1739726 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 16.67 Positive
Anthony Gill WAS -3.9779279 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 10.04 Negative
Rudy Gobert MIN 2.0731743 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 9.95 Positive
Jordan Goodwin WAS 0.6590433 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 1.66 Positive
Aaron Gordon DEN 2.9589398 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 6.59 Positive
Eric Gordon HOU -3.9487877 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 9.05 Negative
Eric Gordon LAC -2.2399926 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 5.82 Negative
Devonte’ Graham SAS -1.8800657 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 3.85 Negative
Devonte’ Graham NOP 0.3573282 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 1.56 Positive
Jerami Grant POR -0.3655336 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 0.74 Negative
Draymond Green GSW 2.3724342 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 7.32 Positive
JaMychal Green GSW -3.7478597 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 11.56 Negative
Javonte Green CHI 3.2561410 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 11.87 Positive
Jalen Green HOU -1.4344392 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 3.29 Negative
Jeff Green DEN -4.8797174 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 10.86 Negative
Josh Green DAL -0.0826559 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 0.24 Negative
AJ Griffin ATL -0.2131095 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 0.84 Negative
Blake Griffin BOS 4.8738337 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 19.68 Positive
Quentin Grimes NYK 0.1114381 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 0.32 Positive
Rui Hachimura LAL -2.8589818 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 6.26 Negative
Rui Hachimura WAS -1.1938529 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 3.01 Negative
Tyrese Haliburton IND 5.9057225 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 17.75 Positive
Tim Hardaway Jr. DAL 2.7387523 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 7.80 Positive
James Harden PHI 5.7797849 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 16.00 Positive
Jaden Hardy DAL -3.0081109 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 8.57 Negative
Montrezl Harrell PHI 1.3983592 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 3.87 Positive
Gary Harris ORL -0.9666088 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 2.62 Negative
Joe Harris BRK -2.7583661 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 5.13 Negative
Kevon Harris ORL -1.0463393 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 2.84 Negative
Tobias Harris PHI -0.1752639 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 0.49 Negative
Isaiah Hartenstein NYK 1.3218289 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 3.85 Positive
Josh Hart POR 1.7975529 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 3.66 Positive
Josh Hart NYK 6.1160426 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 17.81 Positive
Sam Hauser BOS 2.2197564 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 8.96 Positive
Jaxson Hayes NOP -3.2415094 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 14.12 Negative
Killian Hayes DET -2.0201634 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 5.69 Negative
Gordon Hayward CHA -1.6189238 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 4.67 Negative
Juancho Hernangomez TOR -3.7016458 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 15.46 Negative
Willy Hernangomez NOP -0.2226050 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 0.97 Negative
Tyler Herro MIA -0.0948322 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 0.35 Negative
Buddy Hield IND 1.7274081 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 5.19 Positive
Haywood Highsmith MIA -2.3862890 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 8.91 Negative
George Hill MIL -0.9106106 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 2.51 Negative
Aaron Holiday ATL 1.1349100 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 4.49 Positive
Jrue Holiday MIL 5.5484420 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 15.28 Positive
Justin Holiday ATL -6.7175014 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 26.60 Negative
Al Horford BOS 1.3161736 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 5.31 Positive
Talen Horton-Tucker UTA -1.2545183 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 3.60 Negative
Danuel House Jr. PHI -3.2069288 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 8.88 Negative
Caleb Houstan ORL -4.2313566 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 11.47 Negative
Kevin Huerter SAC 0.2906441 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 2.27 Positive
De’Andre Hunter ATL -2.1300483 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 8.44 Negative
Bones Hyland DEN -3.2142103 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 7.15 Negative
Joe Ingles MIL -0.3888881 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 1.07 Negative
Brandon Ingram NOP 0.8215423 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 3.58 Positive
Kyrie Irving DAL 6.2287501 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 17.74 Positive
Kyrie Irving BRK 5.8335974 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 10.84 Positive
Jaden Ivey DET -5.0458244 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 14.21 Negative
Isaiah Jackson IND -3.6346173 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 10.93 Negative
Jaren Jackson Jr. MEM 3.9045512 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 11.86 Positive
Reggie Jackson LAC -2.2408998 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 5.82 Negative
LeBron James LAL 4.4403665 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 9.72 Positive
Ty Jerome GSW -3.1674502 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 9.77 Negative
Isaiah Joe OKC 2.9956792 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 9.65 Positive
Cameron Johnson PHO 4.6794551 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 16.55 Positive
Cameron Johnson BRK 3.5897619 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 6.67 Positive
Jalen Johnson ATL 0.6334384 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 2.51 Positive
Keldon Johnson SAS -1.9465833 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 3.98 Negative
Keon Johnson POR -7.0082201 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 14.28 Negative
Stanley Johnson SAS -0.9447546 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 1.93 Negative
Nikola Jokic DEN 14.0926993 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 31.37 Positive
Derrick Jones Jr. CHI 1.0804998 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 3.94 Positive
Herbert Jones NOP 2.7120986 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 11.82 Positive
Kai Jones CHA -3.4794480 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 10.03 Negative
Tre Jones SAS 1.8217339 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 3.73 Positive
Tyus Jones MEM 0.0034864 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 0.01 Positive
DeAndre Jordan DEN -6.8888897 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 15.33 Negative
Cory Joseph DET -1.2014573 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 3.38 Negative
Luke Kennard MEM 1.6723530 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 5.08 Positive
Luke Kennard LAC -1.4625977 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 3.80 Negative
Walker Kessler UTA 3.3953891 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 9.74 Positive
Corey Kispert WAS -2.5193774 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 6.36 Negative
Maxi Kleber DAL -3.1085608 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 8.85 Negative
Kevin Knox II DET -3.6055079 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 10.15 Negative
Christian Koloko TOR -0.5256576 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 2.20 Negative
John Konchar MEM 2.4789642 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 7.53 Positive
Luke Kornet BOS 1.5691682 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 6.34 Positive
Jonathan Kuminga GSW -2.4023834 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 7.41 Negative
Kyle Kuzma WAS -0.5045922 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 1.27 Negative
Anthony Lamb GSW 0.9648220 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 2.98 Positive
Jock Landale PHO 2.1653923 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 7.66 Positive
Romeo Langford SAS -1.4575451 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 2.98 Negative
Jake LaRavia MEM -4.2085360 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 12.79 Negative
Zach LaVine CHI 1.1641165 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 4.24 Positive
Damion Lee PHO -0.3212675 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 1.14 Negative
Kawhi Leonard LAC 6.7769049 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 17.61 Positive
Caris LeVert CLE 1.5229079 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 7.93 Positive
Damian Lillard POR 7.8164972 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 15.92 Positive
Nassir Little POR -4.7206235 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 9.62 Negative
Isaiah Livers DET -2.1969080 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 6.19 Negative
Kevon Looney GSW 3.4379218 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 10.61 Positive
Brook Lopez MIL 4.4237232 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 12.18 Positive
Kevin Love CLE 0.4270583 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 2.22 Positive
Kevin Love MIA 1.9203640 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 7.17 Positive
Kyle Lowry MIA 1.4594905 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 5.45 Positive
Trey Lyles SAC -1.2779395 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 9.98 Negative
Theo Maledon CHA -2.6349833 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 7.60 Negative
Sandro Mamukelashvili SAS -6.1327842 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 12.54 Negative
Terance Mann LAC -0.6779731 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 1.76 Negative
Tre Mann OKC -2.2921162 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 7.38 Negative
Lauri Markkanen UTA 4.5309394 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 12.99 Positive
Naji Marshall NOP -1.4921366 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 6.50 Negative
Caleb Martin MIA -0.9482331 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 3.54 Negative
Kenyon Martin Jr. HOU -4.0834820 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 9.36 Negative
Garrison Mathews HOU 3.1454629 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 7.21 Positive
Bennedict Mathurin IND -2.4005239 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 7.22 Negative
Wesley Matthews MIL -2.5638423 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 7.06 Negative
Tyrese Maxey PHI 1.2005739 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 3.32 Positive
Miles McBride NYK -0.4242505 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 1.24 Negative
CJ McCollum NOP -0.0857224 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 0.37 Negative
T.J. McConnell IND 2.2398628 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 6.73 Positive
Jalen McDaniels CHA -0.7965291 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 2.30 Negative
Jalen McDaniels PHI -1.9597003 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 5.43 Negative
Jaden McDaniels MIN 0.3019177 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 1.45 Positive
Doug McDermott SAS -5.3709656 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 10.99 Negative
Bryce McGowens CHA -5.0076030 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 14.44 Negative
Rodney McGruder DET 0.5236019 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 1.47 Positive
Jordan McLaughlin MIN 0.7415101 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 3.56 Positive
De’Anthony Melton PHI 0.9683613 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 2.68 Positive
Chimezie Metu SAC -0.6113619 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 4.77 Negative
Khris Middleton MIL 2.6359807 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 7.26 Positive
Patty Mills BRK -4.4688276 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 8.31 Negative
Shake Milton PHI -2.1372576 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 5.92 Negative
Davion Mitchell SAC 0.1616335 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 1.26 Positive
Donovan Mitchell CLE 4.8394565 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 25.21 Positive
Evan Mobley CLE 0.0482168 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 0.25 Positive
Malik Monk SAC -0.4603115 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 3.59 Negative
Moses Moody GSW -3.0521293 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 9.42 Negative
Ja Morant MEM 5.6222330 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 17.08 Positive
Marcus Morris Sr. LAC -2.6233470 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 6.81 Negative
Monte Morris WAS 0.6796210 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 1.72 Positive
Trey Murphy III NOP 1.7190108 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 7.49 Positive
Dejounte Murray ATL -0.4978363 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 1.97 Negative
Jamal Murray DEN 1.2143329 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 2.70 Positive
Keegan Murray SAC -1.6166644 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 12.62 Negative
Mike Muscala OKC 0.0580225 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 0.19 Positive
Svi Mykhailiuk CHA 1.5299139 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 4.41 Positive
Larry Nance Jr. NOP 1.9904937 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 8.67 Positive
Andrew Nembhard IND -2.2570222 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 6.78 Negative
Aaron Nesmith IND -2.3503664 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 7.06 Negative
Raul Neto CLE 0.7171260 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 3.74 Positive
Georges Niang PHI -2.6087405 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 7.22 Negative
Daishen Nix HOU -7.3046071 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 16.75 Negative
Zeke Nnaji DEN -3.6197300 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 8.06 Negative
Jaylen Nowell MIN -1.8063796 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 8.67 Negative
Frank Ntilikina DAL -4.2804058 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 12.19 Negative
Kendrick Nunn LAL -4.6636290 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 10.21 Negative
Kendrick Nunn WAS -2.6337082 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 6.65 Negative
Jusuf Nurkic POR 0.9377887 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 1.91 Positive
Jordan Nwora MIL -5.5696373 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 15.34 Negative
Jordan Nwora IND -4.2410514 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 12.75 Negative
Chuma Okeke ORL -4.8451333 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 13.13 Negative
Josh Okogie PHO 3.6985341 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 13.08 Positive
Onyeka Okongwu ATL 0.9799302 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 3.88 Positive
Isaac Okoro CLE -0.0848007 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 0.44 Negative
Victor Oladipo MIA -0.9592090 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 3.58 Negative
Kelly Olynyk UTA 0.6985285 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 2.00 Positive
Royce O’Neale BRK 0.0610762 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 0.11 Positive
Cedi Osman CLE 1.2194399 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 6.35 Positive
Kelly Oubre Jr. CHA 0.1521016 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 0.44 Positive
Chris Paul PHO 1.8807938 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 6.65 Positive
Cameron Payne PHO -0.3889468 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 1.38 Negative
Mason Plumlee CHA -0.0565854 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 0.16 Negative
Mason Plumlee LAC 1.5454368 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 4.01 Positive
Jakob Poeltl TOR 3.1099232 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 12.99 Positive
Jakob Poeltl SAS -0.5789465 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 1.18 Negative
Aleksej Pokusevski OKC -2.4446068 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 7.88 Negative
Jordan Poole GSW -3.0990492 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 9.56 Negative
Kevin Porter Jr. HOU 1.2680182 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 2.91 Positive
Michael Porter Jr. DEN 0.3175142 44.92305 -3.7933645 12 % 0.71 Positive
Bobby Portis MIL -0.8876312 36.31524 2.1448976 13 % 2.44 Negative
Kristaps Porzingis WAS 4.8182759 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 12.16 Positive
Dwight Powell DAL 0.6973001 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 1.99 Positive
Norman Powell LAC -1.8562566 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 4.82 Negative
Taurean Prince MIN -2.7100792 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 13.01 Negative
Payton Pritchard BOS -0.9862042 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 3.98 Negative
Immanuel Quickley NYK 3.4102746 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 9.93 Positive
Julius Randle NYK 1.3037158 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 3.80 Positive
Austin Reaves LAL 4.1031200 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 8.98 Positive
Cam Reddish POR -6.0263719 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 12.28 Negative
Cam Reddish NYK -2.2403206 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 6.52 Negative
Paul Reed PHI 2.9888688 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 8.28 Positive
Naz Reid MIN -0.7403994 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 3.55 Negative
Josh Richardson SAS -1.3114023 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 2.68 Negative
Josh Richardson NOP -2.6769526 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 11.66 Negative
Nick Richards CHA -2.0872500 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 6.02 Negative
Austin Rivers MIN -5.0633701 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 24.31 Negative
Duncan Robinson MIA -4.7891678 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 17.87 Negative
Jeremiah Robinson-Earl OKC -2.2545087 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 7.26 Negative
Mitchell Robinson NYK 3.1546756 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 9.18 Positive
Orlando Robinson MIA -1.6410329 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 6.12 Negative
Isaiah Roby SAS -5.3594777 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 10.96 Negative
David Roddy MEM -3.8311252 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 11.64 Negative
Terrence Ross ORL -2.9255971 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 7.93 Negative
Terry Rozier CHA -0.2407835 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 0.69 Negative
Ricky Rubio CLE 1.0863097 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 5.66 Positive
D’Angelo Russell LAL 2.5498890 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 5.58 Positive
D’Angelo Russell MIN 0.1308778 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 0.63 Positive
Domantas Sabonis SAC 3.4723278 12.80958 3.5228346 10 % 27.11 Positive
Dario Saric PHO -2.3570826 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 8.34 Negative
Admiral Schofield ORL -4.3447499 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 11.77 Negative
Dennis Schroder LAL -0.9861830 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 2.16 Negative
Alperen Sengun HOU 1.9024831 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 4.36 Positive
Collin Sexton UTA -0.5532512 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 1.59 Negative
Landry Shamet PHO 1.2063866 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 4.27 Positive
Day’Ron Sharpe BRK -6.8441707 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 12.72 Negative
Shaedon Sharpe POR -5.0064872 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 10.20 Negative
Pascal Siakam TOR 0.5860680 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 2.45 Positive
Ben Simmons BRK -0.7069917 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 1.31 Negative
Anfernee Simons POR 1.1069246 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 2.25 Positive
Jericho Sims NYK -2.5904069 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 7.54 Negative
Marcus Smart BOS 0.8925892 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 3.60 Positive
Dennis Smith Jr. CHA 0.4493694 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 1.30 Positive
Jalen Smith IND -3.7316549 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 11.22 Negative
Jabari Smith Jr. HOU -4.7231832 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 10.83 Negative
Jeremy Sochan SAS -1.9462820 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 3.98 Negative
Lamar Stevens CLE -2.4932713 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 12.99 Negative
Isaiah Stewart DET -2.0813574 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 5.86 Negative
Max Strus MIA -2.6170201 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 9.77 Negative
Jalen Suggs ORL 2.8744414 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 7.79 Positive
Edmond Sumner BRK -2.3770116 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 4.42 Negative
Jae’Sean Tate HOU -0.5371647 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 1.23 Negative
Jayson Tatum BOS 3.7018109 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 14.95 Positive
Cam Thomas BRK -2.3172522 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 4.31 Negative
Klay Thompson GSW -0.3206194 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 0.99 Negative
JT Thor CHA -5.4050744 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 15.59 Negative
Matisse Thybulle PHI 2.3042161 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 6.38 Positive
Matisse Thybulle POR -1.8567384 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 3.78 Negative
Xavier Tillman MEM 0.1923051 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 0.58 Positive
Obi Toppin NYK -1.4512678 34.34695 4.5136996 13 % 4.23 Negative
Karl-Anthony Towns MIN 0.7310536 20.82816 0.1877065 12 % 3.51 Positive
Gary Trent Jr. TOR -0.3321569 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 1.39 Negative
P.J. Tucker PHI -3.1773183 36.11445 9.5840342 13 % 8.80 Negative
Myles Turner IND -0.3479767 33.26823 -13.5222398 12 % 1.05 Negative
Jonas Valanciunas NOP -2.2001933 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 9.59 Negative
Jarred Vanderbilt UTA -2.3772796 34.87072 -6.6250045 14 % 6.82 Negative
Jarred Vanderbilt LAL -1.0008054 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 2.19 Negative
Fred VanVleet TOR 5.0432055 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 21.07 Positive
Devin Vassell SAS -0.0768118 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 0.16 Negative
Gabe Vincent MIA -1.8280559 26.79255 -3.7351254 12 % 6.82 Negative
Nikola Vucevic CHI -1.3865449 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 5.05 Negative
Dean Wade CLE -1.0226279 19.19676 11.9953563 12 % 5.33 Negative
Franz Wagner ORL 2.6612061 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 7.21 Positive
Moritz Wagner ORL 1.6063647 36.89982 -18.9902400 15 % 4.35 Positive
Ish Wainright PHO 0.2440690 28.27273 9.7002216 14 % 0.86 Positive
Jabari Walker POR -7.1074080 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 14.48 Negative
Lonnie Walker IV LAL -4.9107217 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 10.75 Negative
John Wall LAC -4.4279702 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 11.50 Negative
T.J. Warren BRK -3.6168440 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 6.72 Negative
P.J. Washington CHA -3.2248735 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 9.30 Negative
TyTy Washington Jr. HOU -6.5559544 43.61461 -30.1836475 13 % 15.03 Negative
Yuta Watanabe BRK -0.8489260 53.80164 -4.9938086 17 % 1.58 Negative
Lindy Waters III OKC 1.1006059 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 3.55 Positive
Trendon Watford POR -2.7214778 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 5.54 Negative
Blake Wesley SAS -11.1975209 48.88839 -44.8075737 17 % 22.90 Negative
Russell Westbrook LAC 1.3515718 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 3.51 Positive
Russell Westbrook LAL -2.7250184 45.67012 -8.4755732 16 % 5.97 Negative
Coby White CHI 1.3056923 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 4.76 Positive
Derrick White BOS 4.9546288 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 20.01 Positive
Aaron Wiggins OKC -1.3361596 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 4.30 Negative
Andrew Wiggins GSW 0.7141659 32.40862 0.8296353 12 % 2.20 Positive
Grant Williams BOS -0.9832690 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 3.97 Negative
Jalen Williams OKC -1.5799376 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 5.09 Negative
Jaylin Williams OKC -0.3408875 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 1.10 Negative
Kenrich Williams OKC 2.4359468 31.03865 -4.1211713 15 % 7.85 Positive
Mark Williams CHA -1.2600194 34.67783 -27.9358059 16 % 3.63 Negative
Patrick Williams CHI -2.9242375 27.42967 5.5520915 12 % 10.66 Negative
Robert Williams III BOS 0.8778698 24.76657 20.8276266 12 % 3.54 Positive
Zion Williamson NOP 3.5872348 22.95077 2.9483491 14 % 15.63 Positive
Ziaire Williams MEM -1.5110956 32.91491 10.4507287 14 % 4.59 Negative
Justise Winslow POR -1.0787818 49.09056 -25.7730336 14 % 2.20 Negative
James Wiseman DET -8.2709065 35.51383 -24.4790458 14 % 23.29 Negative
Christian Wood DAL -0.4320079 35.11349 -0.0523738 13 % 1.23 Negative
Delon Wright WAS 4.5273632 39.62684 -15.8325077 15 % 11.42 Positive
Thaddeus Young TOR -1.8930385 23.93691 -2.3614673 12 % 7.91 Negative
Trae Young ATL 4.0820177 25.25140 -0.1321671 12 % 16.17 Positive
Ivica Zubac LAC -0.7953148 38.49395 -7.8884790 15 % 2.07 Negative

Future Explorationk

The above metrics demonstrate the various levels of impact that a player can statistically have on their respective teams. With these metrics we can further analyze players by referencing specific plays and observe how these plays contributed to the players RAPTOR scores. Additionally, we can continue to use this data to determine the most effective ways for a team to help players increase their individual RAPTOR scores thus increasing the overall team scores. This would allow for coaches to use the data to make more informative decisions of what plays the team would make during future games.