1 NHIỆM VỤ 3.1

1.1 Giải thích bộ dữ liệu

Bộ dữ liệu population-and-demography.csv: là một bộ dữ liệu mô tả dân số của các quốc gia và khu vực trên thế giới trong những năm từ 1950 đến 2021 Bộ dữ liệu được lưu trữ dưới hình thức file csv, bao gồm 18288 quan sát và 24 biến

Đọc bộ dữ liệu

d <- read.csv("~/population-and-demography.csv", header=T)
str(d)

## 'data.frame':    18288 obs. of  24 variables:
##  $ Country.name                              : chr  "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" "Afghanistan" ...
##  $ Year                                      : int  1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ...
##  $ Population                                : num  7480464 7571542 7667534 7764549 7864289 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1 : num  301735 299368 305393 311574 317584 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5 : int  1248282 1246857 1248220 1254725 1267817 1291129 1322342 1354752 1387274 1421808 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15: int  3068855 3105444 3145070 3186382 3231060 3281470 3337026 3396048 3455343 3518528 ...
##  $ Population.under.the.age.of.25            : num  4494349 4552138 4613604 4676232 4741371 ...
##  $ Population.aged.15.to.64.years            : num  4198587 4250002 4303436 4356242 4408474 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.15.years            : num  4411609 4466098 4522464 4578167 4633229 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.18.years            : num  3946595 3993640 4041439 4088379 4136116 ...
##  $ Population.at.age.1                       : num  258652 254304 252906 258717 264765 ...
##  $ Population.aged.1.to.4.years              : num  946547 947489 942827 943151 950233 ...
##  $ Population.aged.5.to.9.years              : int  966210 991791 1017993 1039950 1055592 1062420 1063212 1065357 1071666 1084972 ...
##  $ Population.aged.10.to.14.years            : int  854363 866796 878857 891707 907651 927921 951472 975939 996403 1011748 ...
##  $ Population.aged.15.to.19.years            : int  757113 768616 781411 794308 806216 817550 828600 839588 851433 867048 ...
##  $ Population.aged.20.to.29.years            : int  1241348 1260904 1280288 1298803 1316768 1334989 1353958 1374043 1393789 1414034 ...
##  $ Population.aged.30.to.39.years            : int  909953 922765 935638 948321 961484 975801 991166 1007440 1023595 1040441 ...
##  $ Population.aged.40.to.49.years            : int  661807 667015 672491 678064 684153 691279 699431 708537 717938 728233 ...
##  $ Population.aged.50.to.59.years            : int  467170 468881 470898 472969 475117 477664 480665 484018 487393 491447 ...
##  $ Population.aged.60.to.69.years            : int  271905 273286 274852 276577 278210 279789 281376 282918 284592 286551 ...
##  $ Population.aged.70.to.79.years            : int  92691 94358 96026 97705 99298 100839 102385 103932 105508 107136 ...
##  $ Population.aged.80.to.89.years            : int  9499 10155 10721 11254 11793 12342 12890 13428 13959 14495 ...
##  $ Population.aged.90.to.99.years            : int  123 118 139 166 190 210 233 255 277 307 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.100.years           : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...

is.data.frame(d)

## [1] TRUE

vậy “d” là một data frame gồm 18288 quan sát và 24 biến. Tên các biến của “d” cụ thể như sau:

Country name: Tên quốc gia

Year: Năm

Population: Dân số

Population of children under the age of 1: Dân số dưới 1 tuổi

Population of children under the age of 5: Dân số dưới 5 tuổi

Population of children under the age of 15: Dân số dưới 15 tuổi

Population under the age of 25: Dân số dưới 25 tuổi

Population aged 15 to 64 years: Dân số từ 15 đến 64 tuổi

Population older than 15 years: Dân số lớn hơn 15 tuổi

Population older than 18 years: Dân số lớn hơn 18 tuổi

Population at age 1: Dân số tại độ tuổi 1

Population aged 1 to 4 years: Dân số từ 1 đến 4 tuổi

Population aged 5 to 9 years: Dân số từ 5 đến 9 tuổi

Population aged 10 to 14 years: Dân số từ 10 đến 14 tuổi

Population aged 15 to 19 years: Dân số từ 15 đến 19 tuổi

Population aged 20 to 29 years: Dân số từ 20 đến 29 tuổi

Population aged 30 to 39 years: Dân số từ 30 đến 39 tuổi

Population aged 40 to 49 years: Dân số từ 40 đến 49 tuổi

Population aged 50 to 59 years: Dân số từ 50 đến 59 tuổi

Population aged 60 to 69 years: Dân số từ 60 đến 69 tuổi

Population aged 70 to 79 years: Dân số từ 70 đến 79 tuổi

Population aged 80 to 89 years: Dân số từ 80 đến 89 tuổi

Population aged 90 to 99 years: Dân số từ 90 đến 99 tuổi

Population older than 100 years: Dân số lớn hơn 100 tuổi

Mô tả bộ dữ liệu

library(skimr)
skim(d)

Data summary
Name	d
Number of rows	18288
Number of columns	24
_______________________
Column type frequency:
character	1
numeric	23
________________________
Group variables	None

Variable type: character

skim_variable	n_missing	complete_rate	min	max	empty	n_unique	whitespace
Country.name	0	1	4	59	0	254	0

Variable type: numeric

skim_variable	complete_rate	mean	sd	p0	p25	p50	p75	p100	hist
Year	1	1985.50	20.78	1950	1967.75	1985.5	2003.25	2021	▇▇▇▇▇
Population	1	126470436.62	588851230.77	1363	291591.50	3833997.5	16785463.50	7909295000	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1	1	3133496.86	14167006.03	25	6663.75	88352.0	463000.50	139783730	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5	1	14825709.57	67384368.62	136	31995.25	423784.5	2160046.50	690360700	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15	1	41095227.11	188416973.54	416	89541.50	1186121.5	5905944.75	2015023400	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.under.the.age.of.25	1	63762600.31	294251869.66	623	139541.50	1843099.5	9025129.75	3239281000	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.15.to.64.years	1	77429505.08	367651914.71	748	170263.50	2246772.0	9641250.00	5132999000	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.older.than.15.years	1	85372101.76	404866940.61	849	186716.00	2482104.0	10354345.50	5893678600	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.older.than.18.years	1	78196242.04	372017010.49	752	166417.50	2238130.5	9239904.00	5516283000	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.at.age.1	1	3011212.81	13661998.41	26	6473.75	85824.0	440787.50	138478740	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.1.to.4.years	1	11692212.72	53238243.89	101	25269.25	334454.0	1697850.75	550970400	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.5.to.9.years	1	13598575.21	62534310.11	138	29406.25	392220.5	1947260.75	683611800	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.10.to.14.years	1	12670942.28	58775457.46	73	27879.50	363895.5	1796754.00	659934300	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.15.to.19.years	1	11782258.92	55126036.18	110	26296.50	336969.5	1626210.75	623576060	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.20.to.29.years	1	20872880.04	98860990.50	158	45050.75	609723.5	2758738.50	1210493200	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.30.to.39.years	1	17158704.11	82404600.95	137	36608.25	486290.5	2113149.00	1165207300	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.40.to.49.years	1	13622138.99	66008221.21	119	27440.25	364712.5	1556334.00	976407200	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.50.to.59.years	1	10177069.11	49288480.77	95	19649.75	264781.5	1203386.00	851356900	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.60.to.69.years	1	6801756.84	32712918.99	64	12603.00	168417.5	845242.75	598067140	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.70.to.79.years	1	3618710.03	17491538.61	31	6221.00	81824.0	436710.00	330491170	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.80.to.89.years	1	1195799.30	6238308.33	6	1818.75	20269.5	133380.50	131835590	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.aged.90.to.99.years	1	142784.38	853350.39	0	154.75	1468.5	12499.00	22223974	▇▁▁▁▁
Population.older.than.100.years	1	3107.72	20951.57	0	0.00	13.0	163.00	593166	▇▁▁▁▁

Thông tin mô tả bộ dữ kiệu có các cột sau và ý nghĩa các cột là: skim_variable: tên biến n_missing: số dữ liệu trống complete_rate: tỉ lệ biến có dữ liệu mean: giá trị trung bình sd: độ lệch chuẩn p0: giá trị nhỏ nhất p25: phân vị thứ nhất p50: trung vị p75: phân vị thứ ba p100: giá trị lớn nhất his: biểu đồ histogram

Từ bộ dữ liệu “d” chọn 5 quan sát( VietNam,China,Indonesia,Laos,Malaysia),biến (Population) và 5 biến (Population of children under the age of 1 ,Population of children under the age of 5, Population of children under the age of 15, Population under the age of 25, Population aged 15 to 64 years) để phân tích

1.2 Giải thích cho dữ liệu đã chọn

Trước tiên ta phải load gói “dplyr”

library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

Từ dữ liệu của “d” ta sẽ lọc ra 5 quan sát để phân tích bao gồm ‘China’,‘Indonesia’,‘Laos’,‘Malaysia’,‘VietNam’

## 'data.frame':    360 obs. of  24 variables:
##  $ Country.name                              : chr  "China" "China" "China" "China" ...
##  $ Year                                      : int  1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ...
##  $ Population                                : num  5.44e+08 5.54e+08 5.65e+08 5.77e+08 5.90e+08 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1 : num  19160980 20258918 21740164 22683808 22700958 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5 : int  77977320 83163090 88931460 94657064 99442360 103590080 106256160 108260050 109419280 106303950 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15: int  189265000 195505600 203306750 212066960 221026320 230721000 239652020 249301680 259104590 264154130 ...
##  $ Population.under.the.age.of.25            : num  2.87e+08 2.95e+08 3.05e+08 3.15e+08 3.24e+08 ...
##  $ Population.aged.15.to.64.years            : num  3.27e+08 3.31e+08 3.35e+08 3.39e+08 3.42e+08 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.15.years            : num  3.55e+08 3.58e+08 3.62e+08 3.65e+08 3.69e+08 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.18.years            : num  3.22e+08 3.25e+08 3.29e+08 3.33e+08 3.37e+08 ...
##  $ Population.at.age.1                       : num  16626031 18034404 19109946 20542490 21457060 ...
##  $ Population.aged.1.to.4.years              : num  58816340 62904172 67191300 71973256 76741400 ...
##  $ Population.aged.5.to.9.years              : int  56990948 58169628 60244532 63356810 67158000 71891060 76948690 82535256 88089850 92589890 ...
##  $ Population.aged.10.to.14.years            : int  54296730 54172890 54130756 54053092 54425964 55239852 56447164 58506376 61595470 65260296 ...
##  $ Population.aged.15.to.19.years            : int  52148756 53035384 53736870 53831230 53410508 53020050 52956932 52966984 52935496 53286628 ...
##  $ Population.aged.20.to.29.years            : int  87191640 88490280 89933530 91808290 93621200 95230700 97021950 98690380 99880700 100568770 ...
##  $ Population.aged.30.to.39.years            : int  70759080 71690590 72633720 73422070 74257450 75296510 76242480 77243390 78707210 80167780 ...
##  $ Population.aged.40.to.49.years            : int  58621604 58989730 59225650 59626824 60299090 60999464 61605944 62269624 62838000 63190492 ...
##  $ Population.aged.50.to.59.years            : int  42353092 42772136 43264564 43789748 44403270 45052316 45756840 46431224 47132548 47869544 ...
##  $ Population.aged.60.to.69.years            : int  28395770 28077068 27900304 27933768 28102970 28304904 28444084 28529652 28594802 28471372 ...
##  $ Population.aged.70.to.79.years            : int  11921734 11885614 11908913 11947736 11956301 11940827 11953288 12026963 12152604 12132096 ...
##  $ Population.aged.80.to.89.years            : int  3136064 2978431 2854840 2765442 2678199 2581954 2487342 2391209 2302921 2207397 ...
##  $ Population.aged.90.to.99.years            : int  185990 188596 188782 185936 179961 171669 161365 151150 141982 130337 ...
##  $ Population.older.than.100.years           : num  508 556 610 681 739 ...

Trong “d” từ biến “Country name” chọn ra 5 quan sát (‘China’,‘Indonesia’,‘Laos’,‘Malaysia’,‘VietNam’) gán vào “t”

Từ dữ liệu của “d” ta sẽ chọn ra các biến Country name,Year,Population,Population of children under the age of 1 ,Population of children under the age of 5, Population of children under the age of 15, Population under the age of 25, Population aged 15 to 64 years, để phân tích

 b <- t %>% select(Country.name,Year,Population,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1  ,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15, Population.under.the.age.of.25,Population.aged.15.to.64.years,)
str(b)

## 'data.frame':    360 obs. of  8 variables:
##  $ Country.name                              : chr  "China" "China" "China" "China" ...
##  $ Year                                      : int  1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ...
##  $ Population                                : num  5.44e+08 5.54e+08 5.65e+08 5.77e+08 5.90e+08 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1 : num  19160980 20258918 21740164 22683808 22700958 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5 : int  77977320 83163090 88931460 94657064 99442360 103590080 106256160 108260050 109419280 106303950 ...
##  $ Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15: int  189265000 195505600 203306750 212066960 221026320 230721000 239652020 249301680 259104590 264154130 ...
##  $ Population.under.the.age.of.25            : num  2.87e+08 2.95e+08 3.05e+08 3.15e+08 3.24e+08 ...
##  $ Population.aged.15.to.64.years            : num  3.27e+08 3.31e+08 3.35e+08 3.39e+08 3.42e+08 ...

Để dễ dàng thao tác hơn ta sẽ đổi tên các biến lại như sau :

name: Country name

ye: Year

po: Population

of1: Population of children under the age of 1

of5: Population of children under the age of 5

of15:Population of children under the age of 15

of25: Population under the age of 25

f15to64:Population aged 15 to 64 years

names(b) <- c('name','ye','po','of1','of5','of15','of25','f15to64')
str(b)

## 'data.frame':    360 obs. of  8 variables:
##  $ name   : chr  "China" "China" "China" "China" ...
##  $ ye     : int  1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ...
##  $ po     : num  5.44e+08 5.54e+08 5.65e+08 5.77e+08 5.90e+08 ...
##  $ of1    : num  19160980 20258918 21740164 22683808 22700958 ...
##  $ of5    : int  77977320 83163090 88931460 94657064 99442360 103590080 106256160 108260050 109419280 106303950 ...
##  $ of15   : int  189265000 195505600 203306750 212066960 221026320 230721000 239652020 249301680 259104590 264154130 ...
##  $ of25   : num  2.87e+08 2.95e+08 3.05e+08 3.15e+08 3.24e+08 ...
##  $ f15to64: num  3.27e+08 3.31e+08 3.35e+08 3.39e+08 3.42e+08 ...

khi ta muốn xóa đi một cột (ví dụ xóa đi cột Year )

b1 <- select(b,-ye)
str(b1)

## 'data.frame':    360 obs. of  7 variables:
##  $ name   : chr  "China" "China" "China" "China" ...
##  $ po     : num  5.44e+08 5.54e+08 5.65e+08 5.77e+08 5.90e+08 ...
##  $ of1    : num  19160980 20258918 21740164 22683808 22700958 ...
##  $ of5    : int  77977320 83163090 88931460 94657064 99442360 103590080 106256160 108260050 109419280 106303950 ...
##  $ of15   : int  189265000 195505600 203306750 212066960 221026320 230721000 239652020 249301680 259104590 264154130 ...
##  $ of25   : num  2.87e+08 2.95e+08 3.05e+08 3.15e+08 3.24e+08 ...
##  $ f15to64: num  3.27e+08 3.31e+08 3.35e+08 3.39e+08 3.42e+08 ...

1.3 Mã hóa dữ liệu

Gọi packages Tidyverse để sử dụng các lệnh tiếp theo

library(tidyverse)

## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

Gán kết quả mới cho dstre , nếu dân số trẻ em dưới 15(of15) tuổi lớn hơn 35 % dân số của nước đó(po) thì gọi là ” dân số trẻ”, những kết quả cho ra nhỏ hơn sẽ gọi là dân số già

b$dstre <- ifelse(b$of15 > 0.35*b$po, 'dân số trẻ', 'dân số già')

Gán kết quả mới cho tld, nếu như số lượng dân số người dân từ 15 đến 64(15to64) tuổi của nước đó lớn hơn 50% so với tổng số dân(po) thì được mã hóa là “cao”, ngược lại nếu thấp hơn 50% dân số thì được mã hóa là “thấp”

b$tld <- ifelse(b$f15to64>0.5*b$po, 'cao ', 'thấp' )

Gán kết quả mới cho sl nếu như dân số của nước đó lớn hơn 1.000.000.000 dân thì được gọi là ” đông dân ” ngược lại nếu dân số nhỏ hơn “1.000.000.000” thì được gọi là ” thưa dân ”

b$sl <- ifelse(b$po>1000000000, 'đông dân', 'thưa dân' )

Gán kết quả mới cho “sl1” sử dụng hàm case_when hỗ trợ mã hóa dữ liệu nhiều hơn 2 nếu như dân số của các nước nhỏ hơn 100000 dân thì được gọi là “ít” , từ 100000 dân đến 1000000000 dân được gọi là “vừa”, trên 1000000000 gọi là “nhiều”

b$sl1 <- case_when(b$po < 100000 ~ 'ít', b$po >= 100000 & b$po < 1000000000 ~ 'vừa ', b$po > 1000000000 ~ 'nhiều' )

Gán kết quả mới cho “sl2” sử dụng hàm cut dùng để chia dữ liệu của biến “of5” từ “b” thành 3 tổ theo từng khoảng giá trị sau: từ 0 đến 1.000.000 là “kh1”, từ 1.000.000 đến 10.000.000 là “kh2”, từ 10.000.000 đến 100.000.000 là “kh3”.

b$sl2<- cut( b$of5, breaks = c(0, 1000000,10000000, 100000000), labels= c ('kh1' , 'kh 2','kh3'))

1.4 Lập bảng tần số

Để biết tần số - số lần xuất hiện của dữ liệu trong data ta sử dụng câu lệnh table . Dưới đây là kiểu tra tần số của biến “of1”

b1.1 <- table(b$of1)
str(b1.1)

##  'table' int [1:360(1d)] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 1
##   ..$ : chr [1:360] "66020" "71076" "72191" "73494" ...

Sử dụng câu lệnh “cut” để phân loại bộ dữ liệu “b” dựa trên tiêu chí “of25”

cut(b$of25,3)

##   [1] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08]
##   [4] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08]
##   [7] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08]
##  [10] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08]
##  [13] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [16] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [19] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [22] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [25] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [28] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [31] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [34] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [37] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [40] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [43] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [46] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [49] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [52] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [55] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [58] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [61] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [64] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [67] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [70] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]
##  [73] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [76] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [79] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [82] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [85] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [88] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [91] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [94] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
##  [97] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [100] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [103] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [106] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [109] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [112] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [115] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [118] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [121] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [124] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [127] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [130] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [133] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [136] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [139] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [142] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [145] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [148] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [151] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [154] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [157] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [160] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [163] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [166] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [169] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [172] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [175] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [178] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [181] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [184] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [187] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [190] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [193] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [196] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [199] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [202] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [205] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [208] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [211] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [214] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [217] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [220] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [223] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [226] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [229] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [232] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [235] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [238] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [241] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [244] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [247] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [250] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [253] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [256] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [259] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [262] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [265] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [268] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [271] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [274] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [277] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [280] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [283] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [286] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [289] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [292] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [295] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [298] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [301] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [304] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [307] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [310] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [313] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [316] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [319] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [322] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [325] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [328] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [331] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [334] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [337] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [340] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [343] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [346] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [349] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [352] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [355] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## [358] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (4.19e+05,1.96e+08]
## Levels: (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08]

table(cut(b$of25,3))

## 
## (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] (3.91e+08,5.86e+08] 
##                 288                  14                  58

Giải thích kết quả : biến “of25” của “b” được chia làm 3 nhóm (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] với 288 quan sát; (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] với 14 quan sát ;(3.91e+08,5.86e+08] với 58 quan sát

Lập bảng tần số cho 2 biến là “of5” và “name”

b$b2 <- cut(b$of5,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
b2.2 <- table(b$name,b$b2)
str(b2.2)

##  'table' int [1:5, 1:3] 0 72 72 72 72 30 0 0 0 0 ...
##  - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
##   ..$ : chr [1:5] "China" "Indonesia" "Laos" "Malaysia" ...
##   ..$ : chr [1:3] "a" "b" "c"

Lập biểu đồ nhánh và lá của biến “f15to64”từ dữ liệu của data “b”

stem(b$f15to64)

## 
##   The decimal point is 8 digit(s) to the right of the |
## 
##   0 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000+116
##   0 | 5555555555555555566666666666666666666777777777788889999
##   1 | 000011122223334444
##   1 | 5555566667777888889
##   2 | 
##   2 | 
##   3 | 33344
##   3 | 5556667789
##   4 | 01234
##   4 | 6789
##   5 | 0123
##   5 | 578
##   6 | 024
##   6 | 68
##   7 | 013
##   7 | 56789
##   8 | 01234
##   8 | 6789
##   9 | 124
##   9 | 56788999999
##   10 | 00000

1.5 Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường

summary(b$of1)

##     Min.  1st Qu.   Median     Mean  3rd Qu.     Max. 
##    66020   328975  1458217  5458553  4604800 29753558

Giải thích kết quả : phân tích biến “of1” từ dữ liệu của data “b” ta được - dân số nhỏ nhất của độ tuổi dưới 1 tuổi :66020 - phân vị thứ nhất : 328975 (25% số liệu dân số của độ tuối dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 328975 người , 75% còn lại lớn hơn 328975 người) - trung vị : 1458217 (50% số liệu dân số có độ tuổi dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 1458217 người, 50% còn lại lớn hơn 1458217 người ) - trung bình : 5458553 - phân vị thứ 3 : 4604800 ( 75% số liệu dân số có độ tuổi dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 4604800 người , 25% còn lại lớn hơn 4604800 người) - dân số lớn nhất của độ tuổi dưới 1 là 4604800

sum(b$of5)

## [1] 9533941973

Giải thích kết quả: Câu lệnh sum cho biết tổng dân số của biến dân số dưới 5 tuổi từ dữ liệu “b” là 9533941973 người

mean(b$of15,na.rm = T)

## [1] 75823067

Giải thích kết quả: Câu lệnh mean cho biết giá trị trung bình số dân của độ tuổi dưới 1 tuổi là 75823067

length(b$of15)

## [1] 360

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh lenghth cho biết độ dài biến of15 là 360

var(b$of15)

## [1] 1.297705e+16

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh var cho biết độ lệch hay còn gọi là phương sai của biến of15 là 1.297705e+16

sd(b$of15)

## [1] 113916875

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh sd cho biết độ lệch chuẩn của biến of15 là 113916875

median(b$of15)

## [1] 21417308

Giải thích kết quả: Câu lệnh median cho biết trung vị dân số của độ tuổi dưới 15 tuổi là 21417308 , nghĩa là 50% số liệu dân số của độ tuổi dưới 15 là nhỏ hơn 21417308 và 50% còn lại là lớn hơn 21417308

1.6 Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường theo nhóm

a1 <- b %>% group_by(of1) %>% summarise(mean_of_of15 = mean(of15))
a1

of1	mean_of_of15
66020	681112
71076	701064
72191	720607
73494	740388
74713	760634
75978	781469
77411	802871
78817	824594
80275	846514
81877	868614
83511	890780
85282	913080
87160	935732
89078	959251
91049	985177
93127	1010350
95264	1033396
97517	1057485
99919	1082720
102428	1109139
105198	1136952
107936	1166015
110609	1196252
113478	1227718
116524	1260196
119359	1293154
121632	1325707
123397	1357490
124831	1388744
126456	1420290
128673	1453218
131511	1488042
135020	1525047
139039	1564360
143392	1605998
147786	1649733
152015	1695435
156142	1743016
157216	2250480
158186	2258167
158287	2248627
158776	2263588
158809	2303010
159244	2296412
159474	2287092
159660	2268101
160108	2276319
160192	1792231
160335	2255328
160525	2265060
160803	2273197
161370	2332557
161834	2322931
161905	2279329
162835	2287632
163620	2298502
163895	2310813
164329	1842948
164633	2337247
167891	2335499
168427	1895137
170493	2327603
172269	1948933
172279	2314497
173835	2297050
175393	2003879
175786	2275407
176490	2248780
176668	2211507
177770	2164339
177777	2059320
178609	2113452
231638	2435461
247370	2525593
255043	2614147
262839	2705124
271099	2805478
279696	2917197
288733	3038711
297641	3168818
304922	3305158
310683	3446231
316205	3589854
321290	3732505
324185	4472995
324410	4401667
325596	3870053
327137	4322062
327295	4538904
328826	4000802
329025	4231592
329898	4124097
331454	4600252
335675	4656338
339978	4707528
348168	4759672
356374	4814017
361348	4867697
366484	4921226
372416	4976930
379248	5036694
386974	5102503
396603	5178431
407872	5266804
419313	5368540
430272	5481599
440728	5602808
449156	5729717
456128	5860793
461462	5993823
466176	6123738
469517	6248019
476387	6372871
485331	7990778
490366	6504852
492313	8057574
493976	7934074
504851	6644387
505012	7896651
507241	8107863
508682	7727992
508935	7709094
511599	7748191
512565	7866956
516881	8131555
517388	6789408
517630	7766141
519964	8132989
520820	8117736
521154	8081894
521970	7783106
522176	7842525
523284	8023492
525521	7828407
525681	7939439
526159	7802351
528005	6937234
528130	7822100
530328	7693546
536423	7083368
537508	7572871
542243	7471469
542361	7223318
545000	7354359
872254	8518370
904341	8236495
916499	8857408
987067	9276998
1033108	9743695
1074295	10254732
1074354	10770431
1150260	11360715
1209390	13972092
1222085	14564295
1223770	12017473
1251278	12690551
1273669	13372094
1287368	16999532
1302531	16628004
1308943	17311382
1324564	16194742
1325018	15216631
1337453	15760867
1343891	17604120
1371061	17887090
1389736	25227684
1389900	24785584
1402236	24335702
1411902	18210916
1413046	21965246
1414986	22354948
1418011	25636004
1421677	23916988
1433495	23524634
1433516	21633178
1436024	22758324
1437726	23142328
1445612	21383252
1450747	21230458
1453563	21974312
1462871	21175292
1463216	18500428
1467157	25992636
1471822	21932616
1480585	21893514
1486438	21208004
1487172	21847120
1498956	21789420
1512565	21310790
1515441	21707980
1517283	18767206
1524401	21590510
1524609	21451364
1535351	19030136
1535793	19289618
1540415	26271008
1557453	19656850
1581537	20043754
1615355	20370234
1636148	26435028
1654524	20697166
1687834	21081220
1725679	26467350
1727824	21563076
1770878	22103176
1789109	26382816
1803160	22652416
1825995	23186152
1827762	26200188
1839951	23703104
1844494	25945640
1845054	25319184
1845650	24981472
1846332	25647418
1849091	24186690
1849813	24616420
2436714	28713374
2501780	28928030
2600443	29219846
2705999	29601248
2812759	30075548
2916759	30646676
3023501	31322220
3135515	32109492
3245983	33007226
3355184	34014256
3467526	35130644
3575932	36341184
3674295	37646628
3767829	39047004
3857812	40520292
3923703	41949284
3985724	43350676
4052698	44805140
4101467	46243020
4153618	47645944
4207486	49011508
4250621	50324430
4293216	51580024
4346583	52790730
4384277	53941944
4422788	55031976
4435250	69742696
4448658	65436416
4459122	65136416
4462556	65280508
4463186	69918980
4466627	65391640
4471771	56074244
4472754	65453296
4490630	69990360
4497115	64950956
4497124	64391850
4503783	64692304
4508608	65465064
4511466	57068640
4514962	65918240
4520666	65793476
4521298	65532012
4524471	66025444
4524618	69982900
4524714	65648480
4540068	64048284
4546999	65516590
4553700	65491680
4564557	58035270
4571989	66209610
4585510	69926740
4596552	65542404
4599479	65528490
4620764	58978596
4648239	66485456
4650975	63621790
4654031	69813150
4663058	59884424
4692695	60737190
4718817	69632940
4726801	61552410
4727903	63042490
4738892	66841216
4743492	62332250
4782831	69381944
4795030	67657016
4795722	67264140
4795766	68012100
4856565	68381510
4863145	69089020
4913668	68760780
11501936	251927890
13362303	256845310
14975504	259653860
15911094	283510180
16014796	293201920
16018381	274159840
16068674	262015440
16265880	264222620
16376317	316042560
16512055	256623140
16516703	302702080
16599689	310132770
16742605	321088030
16842656	252685180
16853878	260606880
17260248	326547040
17284142	250376430
17520190	263922930
17684870	248850430
17698386	249242940
17729662	257211550
17794956	248802940
17893950	331958530
17930756	255838320
18226306	259556770
18320324	254332670
18340902	250165760
18514930	335466270
18567056	252201900
19130968	337586500
19160980	189265000
19355468	368707620
19861682	360720450
19930440	338263650
20152670	375796770
20190098	265920220
20258918	195505600
20342076	264154130
20731072	354886660
21178770	337674940
21430248	375023140
21529534	350096220
21638918	337346180
21740164	203306750
22412294	343686660
22683808	212066960
22700958	221026320
22794284	332051300
22865472	347679040
23023854	239652020
23189762	369138400
23454930	230721000
23673290	249301680
23683726	259104590
24320148	328606720
24617388	336602850
25363746	362170100
25892700	329294800
25981604	327951000
26106254	328175940
26694710	354947970
26754114	314653440
26769854	333241100
27657494	349502600
27882858	321026560
27962072	308682530
28171336	278017020
28286144	300269500
29014390	343715170
29501650	336360580
29501882	329005700
29753558	290583100

Giải thích kết quả: gán kết quả cho a1 về giá trị trung bình của dân số dưới 15 tuổi dựa vào biến dân số dưới 1 tuổi

a2 <- b %>% group_by(ye) %>% summarise(n = n(),mean_of_of1 = mean(of1))
a2

ye	n	mean_of_of1
1950	5	4559939
1951	5	4790280
1952	5	5116868
1953	5	5342641
1954	5	5378527
1955	5	5560332
1956	5	5497571
1957	5	5667105
1958	5	5707735
1959	5	5068220
1960	5	4532220
1961	5	4252114
1962	5	5099847
1963	5	6736417
1964	5	7073954
1965	5	6791313
1966	5	6734546
1967	5	6503221
1968	5	6743474
1969	5	7085823
1970	5	7103370
1971	5	7024105
1972	5	6772903
1973	5	6604044
1974	5	6351254
1975	5	5925810
1976	5	5589518
1977	5	5348297
1978	5	5207892
1979	5	5330080
1980	5	5521448
1981	5	5697887
1982	5	5983497
1983	5	5905651
1984	5	5755387
1985	5	5976430
1986	5	6263490
1987	5	6589229
1988	5	6616411
1989	5	6573743
1990	5	6744024
1991	5	6317415
1992	5	5630681
1993	5	5372674
1994	5	5207203
1995	5	5074776
1996	5	4941419
1997	5	4809675
1998	5	4695039
1999	5	4604879
2000	5	4642699
2001	5	4627933
2002	5	4530142
2003	5	4509494
2004	5	4532620
2005	5	4591309
2006	5	4651828
2007	5	4735019
2008	5	4836691
2009	5	4918649
2010	5	4937521
2011	5	4931588
2012	5	5080959
2013	5	5122703
2014	5	5061431
2015	5	4972078
2016	5	4917126
2017	5	4998653
2018	5	4708681
2019	5	4323558
2020	5	3993047
2021	5	3611699

Giải thích kết quả: giá trị trung bình của tổng dân số dưới 1 tuổi (biến of1) theo năm (biến Ye) trong đó n=n() cho biết số lần năm đó xuất hiện ( hay chính là tổng số quốc gia, khu vực )

a3 <- b %>% group_by(ye) %>% summarise(med_of_of25= median(of25))
a3

ye	med_of_of25
1950	12939915
1951	13255227
1952	13620701
1953	14056521
1954	14526850
1955	15031625
1956	15527478
1957	16082264
1958	16699967
1959	17350838
1960	18038516
1961	18674658
1962	19335976
1963	20103120
1964	20878040
1965	21636756
1966	22369852
1967	23081304
1968	23787154
1969	24507490
1970	25248128
1971	26026550
1972	26812640
1973	27590598
1974	28280518
1975	28910036
1976	29629264
1977	30345182
1978	31026592
1979	31559350
1980	32066740
1981	32720200
1982	33346562
1983	33940660
1984	34536810
1985	35132708
1986	35800612
1987	36465010
1988	37044270
1989	37638690
1990	38267852
1991	38920040
1992	39571170
1993	40159570
1994	40646210
1995	41020410
1996	41263800
1997	41374828
1998	41373850
1999	41291184
2000	41078796
2001	40753684
2002	40422490
2003	40085696
2004	39737364
2005	39380230
2006	38994796
2007	38602828
2008	38239836
2009	37950040
2010	37728160
2011	37525296
2012	37344696
2013	37186532
2014	37026736
2015	36846110
2016	36636264
2017	36404380
2018	36178590
2019	35990370
2020	35867816
2021	35811056

Giải thích kết quả:a3 là kết quả của trung vị của tổng dân số dưới 25 tuổi (biến of25) theo năm (biến Ye)

a4 <- b %>% group_by(name) %>% summarise(mean_of_ = mean(po))
a4

name	mean_of_
China	1035531645
Indonesia	167585644
Laos	4140905
Malaysia	17388128
Vietnam	60763252

Giải thích kết quả: a4 là kết quả giá trị trung bình của tổng dân số được tính theo tên quốc gia

a5 <- b %>% group_by(ye,name) %>% summarise(n = n(),mean_of_po = mean(po),.groups = 'drop')
a5

ye	name	n	mean_of_po
1950	China	1	543979200
1950	Indonesia	1	69567624
1950	Laos	1	1684682
1950	Malaysia	1	5972878
1950	Vietnam	1	25109200
1951	China	1	553614000
1951	Indonesia	1	71019350
1951	Laos	1	1725439
1951	Malaysia	1	6118741
1951	Vietnam	1	25627542
1952	China	1	564954500
1952	Indonesia	1	72570830
1952	Laos	1	1766299
1952	Malaysia	1	6273221
1952	Vietnam	1	26189598
1953	China	1	577378700
1953	Indonesia	1	74207990
1953	Laos	1	1807912
1953	Malaysia	1	6435030
1953	Vietnam	1	26820860
1954	China	1	589936000
1954	Indonesia	1	75925330
1954	Laos	1	1850258
1954	Malaysia	1	6605400
1954	Vietnam	1	27507460
1955	China	1	603320100
1955	Indonesia	1	77741510
1955	Laos	1	1893389
1955	Malaysia	1	6786083
1955	Vietnam	1	28263032
1956	China	1	616283000
1956	Indonesia	1	79661840
1956	Laos	1	1937520
1956	Malaysia	1	6977026
1956	Vietnam	1	29035684
1957	China	1	630003000
1957	Indonesia	1	81690984
1957	Laos	1	1982581
1957	Malaysia	1	7178108
1957	Vietnam	1	29884094
1958	China	1	643791550
1958	Indonesia	1	83818760
1958	Laos	1	2028593
1958	Malaysia	1	7385695
1958	Vietnam	1	30804086
1959	China	1	652179200
1959	Indonesia	1	86047670
1959	Laos	1	2075233
1959	Malaysia	1	7602946
1959	Vietnam	1	31750430
1960	China	1	654170700
1960	Indonesia	1	88382890
1960	Laos	1	2122537
1960	Malaysia	1	7833788
1960	Vietnam	1	32718462
1961	China	1	655260350
1961	Indonesia	1	90816940
1961	Laos	1	2171145
1961	Malaysia	1	8074800
1961	Vietnam	1	33621980
1962	China	1	664614660
1962	Indonesia	1	93345496
1962	Laos	1	2221616
1962	Malaysia	1	8324221
1962	Vietnam	1	34533890
1963	China	1	683903550
1963	Indonesia	1	95962536
1963	Laos	1	2273224
1963	Malaysia	1	8579358
1963	Vietnam	1	35526730
1964	China	1	704593800
1964	Indonesia	1	98675064
1964	Laos	1	2325518
1964	Malaysia	1	8835933
1964	Vietnam	1	36509172
1965	China	1	723846340
1965	Indonesia	1	101157870
1965	Laos	1	2379462
1965	Malaysia	1	9091017
1965	Vietnam	1	37466076
1966	China	1	742948540
1966	Indonesia	1	103561100
1966	Laos	1	2434867
1966	Malaysia	1	9340245
1966	Vietnam	1	38388220
1967	China	1	761006300
1967	Indonesia	1	106260750
1967	Laos	1	2491926
1967	Malaysia	1	9582092
1967	Vietnam	1	39282564
1968	China	1	780372000
1968	Indonesia	1	109138730
1968	Laos	1	2551077
1968	Malaysia	1	9821309
1968	Vietnam	1	40145292
1969	China	1	801431000
1969	Indonesia	1	112149256
1969	Laos	1	2612120
1969	Malaysia	1	10061684
1969	Vietnam	1	41015868
1970	China	1	822534460
1970	Indonesia	1	115228390
1970	Laos	1	2675284
1970	Malaysia	1	10306509
1970	Vietnam	1	41928850
1971	China	1	843285440
1971	Indonesia	1	118347140
1971	Laos	1	2740739
1971	Malaysia	1	10552565
1971	Vietnam	1	42916624
1972	China	1	862840400
1972	Indonesia	1	121504136
1972	Laos	1	2808303
1972	Malaysia	1	10801631
1972	Vietnam	1	43906020
1973	China	1	881652100
1973	Indonesia	1	124709060
1973	Laos	1	2877563
1973	Malaysia	1	11062667
1973	Vietnam	1	44891290
1974	China	1	899367700
1974	Indonesia	1	127945190
1974	Laos	1	2946890
1974	Malaysia	1	11335200
1974	Vietnam	1	45898700
1975	China	1	915124700
1975	Indonesia	1	131213220
1975	Laos	1	3012727
1975	Malaysia	1	11617957
1975	Vietnam	1	46969616
1976	China	1	929375940
1976	Indonesia	1	134521020
1976	Laos	1	3072020
1976	Malaysia	1	11910081
1976	Vietnam	1	48163580
1977	China	1	942581300
1977	Indonesia	1	137861540
1977	Laos	1	3125747
1977	Malaysia	1	12218924
1977	Vietnam	1	49418144
1978	China	1	955138940
1978	Indonesia	1	141250960
1978	Laos	1	3177947
1978	Malaysia	1	12543894
1978	Vietnam	1	50701460
1979	China	1	968298940
1979	Indonesia	1	144693090
1979	Laos	1	3233708
1979	Malaysia	1	12875017
1979	Vietnam	1	51831390
1980	China	1	982372500
1980	Indonesia	1	148177100
1980	Laos	1	3297520
1980	Malaysia	1	13215709
1980	Vietnam	1	52968270
1981	China	1	997259500
1981	Indonesia	1	151686340
1981	Laos	1	3370998
1981	Malaysia	1	13564596
1981	Vietnam	1	54280400
1982	China	1	1013483200
1982	Indonesia	1	155228660
1982	Laos	1	3453694
1982	Malaysia	1	13921034
1982	Vietnam	1	55632150
1983	China	1	1029226900
1983	Indonesia	1	158790610
1983	Laos	1	3543868
1983	Malaysia	1	14292864
1983	Vietnam	1	57011452
1984	China	1	1044172200
1984	Indonesia	1	162331970
1984	Laos	1	3639964
1984	Malaysia	1	14686459
1984	Vietnam	1	58406864
1985	China	1	1060240000
1985	Indonesia	1	165791700
1985	Laos	1	3741609
1985	Malaysia	1	15108141
1985	Vietnam	1	59811316
1986	China	1	1077770500
1986	Indonesia	1	169135280
1986	Laos	1	3848392
1986	Malaysia	1	15558747
1986	Vietnam	1	61221108
1987	China	1	1096851800
1987	Indonesia	1	172421390
1987	Laos	1	3959701
1987	Malaysia	1	16033107
1987	Vietnam	1	62630788
1988	China	1	1115889800
1988	Indonesia	1	175694640
1988	Laos	1	4074966
1988	Malaysia	1	16524616
1988	Vietnam	1	64037520
1989	China	1	1134414700
1989	Indonesia	1	178949170
1989	Laos	1	4193540
1989	Malaysia	1	17020144
1989	Vietnam	1	65466360
1990	China	1	1153704200
1990	Indonesia	1	182159890
1990	Laos	1	4314442
1990	Malaysia	1	17517060
1990	Vietnam	1	66912616
1991	China	1	1170626200
1991	Indonesia	1	185361230
1991	Laos	1	4437233
1991	Malaysia	1	18017470
1991	Vietnam	1	68358824
1992	China	1	1183813400
1992	Indonesia	1	188558420
1992	Laos	1	4561117
1992	Malaysia	1	18526708
1992	Vietnam	1	69788750
1993	China	1	1195855600
1993	Indonesia	1	191737280
1993	Laos	1	4685293
1993	Malaysia	1	19050074
1993	Vietnam	1	71176410
1994	China	1	1207286700
1994	Indonesia	1	194928540
1994	Laos	1	4807956
1994	Malaysia	1	19588706
1994	Vietnam	1	72501090
1995	China	1	1218144400
1995	Indonesia	1	198140160
1995	Laos	1	4927432
1995	Malaysia	1	20136886
1995	Vietnam	1	73759110
1996	China	1	1228298900
1996	Indonesia	1	201373800
1996	Laos	1	5043920
1996	Malaysia	1	20689060
1996	Vietnam	1	74946456
1997	China	1	1237801500
1997	Indonesia	1	204628020
1997	Laos	1	5150539
1997	Malaysia	1	21249178
1997	Vietnam	1	76058600
1998	China	1	1246836100
1998	Indonesia	1	207855490
1998	Laos	1	5246922
1998	Malaysia	1	21810542
1998	Vietnam	1	77128424
1999	China	1	1255433200
1999	Indonesia	1	210996910
1999	Laos	1	5340060
1999	Malaysia	1	22368652
1999	Vietnam	1	78123710
2000	China	1	1264099100
2000	Indonesia	1	214072420
2000	Laos	1	5430862
2000	Malaysia	1	22945152
2000	Vietnam	1	79001144
2001	China	1	1272739600
2001	Indonesia	1	217112430
2001	Laos	1	5519714
2001	Malaysia	1	23542522
2001	Vietnam	1	79817770
2002	China	1	1280926100
2002	Indonesia	1	220115090
2002	Laos	1	5606103
2002	Malaysia	1	24142448
2002	Vietnam	1	80642300
2003	China	1	1288873300
2003	Indonesia	1	223080130
2003	Laos	1	5689072
2003	Malaysia	1	24739420
2003	Vietnam	1	81475816
2004	China	1	1296816800
2004	Indonesia	1	225938600
2004	Laos	1	5768170
2004	Malaysia	1	25333250
2004	Vietnam	1	82311230
2005	China	1	1304887600
2005	Indonesia	1	228805150
2005	Laos	1	5852969
2005	Malaysia	1	25923540
2005	Vietnam	1	83142100
2006	China	1	1313086600
2006	Indonesia	1	231797420
2006	Laos	1	5946597
2006	Malaysia	1	26509416
2006	Vietnam	1	83951800
2007	China	1	1321513200
2007	Indonesia	1	234858290
2007	Laos	1	6041355
2007	Malaysia	1	27092604
2007	Vietnam	1	84762270
2008	China	1	1330167200
2008	Indonesia	1	237936540
2008	Laos	1	6135863
2008	Malaysia	1	27664304
2008	Vietnam	1	85597230
2009	China	1	1339125600
2009	Indonesia	1	240981300
2009	Laos	1	6229933
2009	Malaysia	1	28217208
2009	Vietnam	1	86482920
2010	China	1	1348191400
2010	Indonesia	1	244016180
2010	Laos	1	6323425
2010	Malaysia	1	28717728
2010	Vietnam	1	87411016
2011	China	1	1357095400
2011	Indonesia	1	247099700
2011	Laos	1	6416331
2011	Malaysia	1	29184140
2011	Vietnam	1	88349100
2012	China	1	1366560800
2012	Indonesia	1	250222690
2012	Laos	1	6508806
2012	Malaysia	1	29660216
2012	Vietnam	1	89301330
2013	China	1	1376100400
2013	Indonesia	1	253275920
2013	Laos	1	6600736
2013	Malaysia	1	30134806
2013	Vietnam	1	90267736
2014	China	1	1385189600
2014	Indonesia	1	256229760
2014	Laos	1	6691467
2014	Malaysia	1	30606454
2014	Vietnam	1	91235500
2015	China	1	1393715500
2015	Indonesia	1	259091970
2015	Laos	1	6787420
2015	Malaysia	1	31068834
2015	Vietnam	1	92191400
2016	China	1	1401889700
2016	Indonesia	1	261850180
2016	Laos	1	6891366
2016	Malaysia	1	31526414
2016	Vietnam	1	93126530
2017	China	1	1410276000
2017	Indonesia	1	264498850
2017	Laos	1	6997925
2017	Malaysia	1	31975812
2017	Vietnam	1	94033050
2018	China	1	1417069400
2018	Indonesia	1	267066850
2018	Laos	1	7105008
2018	Malaysia	1	32399270
2018	Vietnam	1	94914330
2019	China	1	1421864100
2019	Indonesia	1	269582880
2019	Laos	1	7212058
2019	Malaysia	1	32804024
2019	Vietnam	1	95776710
2020	China	1	1424929800
2020	Indonesia	1	271858000
2020	Laos	1	7319397
2020	Malaysia	1	33199988
2020	Vietnam	1	96648680
2021	China	1	1425893500
2021	Indonesia	1	273753180
2021	Laos	1	7425055
2021	Malaysia	1	33573870
2021	Vietnam	1	97468024

Giải thích kết quả : a5 là giá trị trung binh của tổng dân số theo từng năm của từng quốc gia

2 NHIỆM VỤ 3.2

2.1 Giải thích bộ dữ liệu

Bộ dữ liệu : là một bộ dữ liệu mô tả Tăng trưởng dân số và các chỉ số sinh, tử Bộ dữ liệu được lưu trữ dưới hình thức file csv, bao gồm 6756 quan sát và 7 biến

Đọc bộ dữ liệu

 i <- read.csv("~/Ngôn ngữ lập trình/SYB66_246_202310_Population Growth, Fertility and Mortality Indicators.csv")
str(i)

## 'data.frame':    6756 obs. of  7 variables:
##  $ Region.Country.Area: int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Name               : chr  "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" ...
##  $ Year               : int  2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2015 2015 2015 ...
##  $ Series             : chr  "Population annual rate of increase (percent)" "Total fertility rate (children per women)" "Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)" "Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)" ...
##  $ Value              : chr  "1.3" "2.6" "37.1" "254" ...
##  $ Footnotes          : chr  "" "" "" "" ...
##  $ Source             : chr  "United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022." "United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by da"| __truncated__ "United Nations Statistics Division, New York, \"Demographic Yearbook 2021\" and the demographic statistics data"| __truncated__ "World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fun"| __truncated__ ...

is.data.frame(i)

## [1] TRUE

vậy i là một data frame gồm 6758 quan sát và 7 biến. Tên các biến của i cụ thể như sau: Region/Country/Area: Vùng/Quốc gia/Khu vực name: tên quốc gia Year: Năm Series:Loạt Value : Giá trị Footnotes : Chú thích cuối trang Source: Nguồn

library(skimr)
skim(i)

## Warning: There was 1 warning in `dplyr::summarize()`.
## ℹ In argument: `dplyr::across(tidyselect::any_of(variable_names),
##   mangled_skimmers$funs)`.
## ℹ In group 0: .
## Caused by warning:
## ! There were 217 warnings in `dplyr::summarize()`.
## The first warning was:
## ℹ In argument: `dplyr::across(tidyselect::any_of(variable_names),
##   mangled_skimmers$funs)`.
## Caused by warning in `grepl()`:
## ! unable to translate 'C<f4>te d<92>Ivoire' to a wide string
## ℹ Run `dplyr::last_dplyr_warnings()` to see the 216 remaining warnings.

Data summary
Name	i
Number of rows	6756
Number of columns	7
_______________________
Column type frequency:
character	5
numeric	2
________________________
Group variables	None

Variable type: character

skim_variable	complete_rate	min	max	empty	n_unique
Name	1	4	29	0	268
Series	1	41	56	0	7
Value	1	1	5	0	1009
Footnotes	1	0	364	4230	82
Source	1	117	297	0	4

Variable type: numeric

skim_variable	n_missing	complete_rate	mean	sd	p0	p25	p50	p75	p100	hist
Region.Country.Area	0	1	392.08	265.25	1	151	388	626	894	▇▅▆▅▅
Year	0	1	2016.44	4.68	2010	2010	2015	2020	2022	▅▁▅▁▇

Thông tin mô tả bộ dữ kiệu có các cột sau và ý nghĩa các cột là: skim_variable: tên biến n_missing: số dữ liệu trống complete_rate: tỉ lệ biến có dữ liệu mean: giá trị trung bình sd: độ lệch chuẩn p0: giá trị nhỏ nhất p25: phân vị thứ nhất p50: trung vị p75: phân vị thứ ba p100: giá trị lớn nhất his: biểu đồ histogram **Để dễ dàng phân tích dữ liệu ta chỉ lấy 1 phần nhỏ dữ liệu từ i để phân tích

i1 <- i[1:200,1:7]
i1

Region.Country.Area	Name	Year	Series	Value	Footnotes	Source
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	37.1		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	254		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	70.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	67.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	72.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	31.5		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	227		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	71.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	69.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	74.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	0.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	28.3		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	223		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	72		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	69.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	74.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	0.8	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	27.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	71.7	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	69.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
1	Total, all countries or areas	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	74.4	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	60.9		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	593		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
2	Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	58.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	57		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	60.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	52.5		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	526		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
2	Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	61.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	59.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	62.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	46.4		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	487		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
2	Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	62.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	60.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	64.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	44.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	62.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	60.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
2	Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	64.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	3.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	29.5		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	144		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
15	Northern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	69.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	67.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	71.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	3.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	25.3		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	109		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
15	Northern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	70.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	68.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	73.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	3.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	22.6		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	103		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
15	Northern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	71.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	69		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	73.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.6	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	21.4	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	71.3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	69.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
15	Northern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	73.6	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	66.2		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	668		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	56.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	54.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	57.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	57.2		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	598		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	59		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	57.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	60.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	50		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	545		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	60.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	58.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	62.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	47.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	60.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	58.3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
202	Sub-Saharan Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	62.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	55.2		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	542		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	58.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	56.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	60.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	45		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	429		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	62.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	59.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	64.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	38.3		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	351		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	63.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	61.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	66.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	4.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	35.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	63.6	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	61	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
14	Eastern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	66.2	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	3.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	6.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	74.6		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	632		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
17	Middle Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	55.8		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	54.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	57.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	3.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	62.9		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	573		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
17	Middle Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	58.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	56.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	60.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	3.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	54		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	539		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
17	Middle Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	59.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	57.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	61.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	3	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.6	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	50.7	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	59.6	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	57.5	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
17	Middle Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	61.8	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	37.5		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	277		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
18	Southern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	58.1		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	55.3		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	60.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	30.7		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	183		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
18	Southern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	63.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	59.9		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2015	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	66		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	1.2		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.5		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	24.3		United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	157		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
18	Southern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	64.7		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	61.6		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2020	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	67.4		United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	0.9	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Total fertility rate (children per women)	2.4	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	30.4	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	61.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	58.1	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
18	Southern Africa	2022	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	63.8	Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.8	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.7	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	76.7	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	850		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”
11	Western Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for both sexes (years)	54.2	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for males (years)	53.5	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2010	Life expectancy at birth for females (years)	55	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2015	Population annual rate of increase (percent)	2.6	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2015	Total fertility rate (children per women)	5.4	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by data from the United Nations Statistics Division, New York, Demographic Yearbook 2021 and Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC) for small countries or areas, last accessed July 2022.
11	Western Africa	2015	Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)	69.6	Including Saint Helena.	United Nations Statistics Division, New York, “Demographic Yearbook 2021” and the demographic statistics database, last accessed June 2022.
11	Western Africa	2015	Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)	808		World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, “Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 - 2020.”

2.2 Giải thích cho dữ liệu đã chọn

Để dễ dàng thao tác hơn ta sẽ đổi tên các biến lại như sau : R: Region/Country/Area N: name Y: Year S: Series V: Value
F: Footnotes S: Source

names(i1) <- c('R','N','Y','S','V','F','S')
str(i1)

## 'data.frame':    200 obs. of  7 variables:
##  $ R: int  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ N: chr  "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" "Total, all countries or areas" ...
##  $ Y: int  2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2015 2015 2015 ...
##  $ S: chr  "Population annual rate of increase (percent)" "Total fertility rate (children per women)" "Infant mortality for both sexes (per 1,000 live births)" "Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 population)" ...
##  $ V: chr  "1.3" "2.6" "37.1" "254" ...
##  $ F: chr  "" "" "" "" ...
##  $ S: chr  "United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision, last accessed July 2022." "United Nations Population Division, New York, World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision; supplemented by da"| __truncated__ "United Nations Statistics Division, New York, \"Demographic Yearbook 2021\" and the demographic statistics data"| __truncated__ "World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fun"| __truncated__ ...

2.3 Mã hóa dữ liệu

Gọi packages Tidyverse để sử dụng các lệnh tiếp theo

library(tidyverse)

Gán kết quả mới cho gt , nếu giá trị lớn hơn 50 thì được mã hóa là “cao” và ngược lại nếu nhỏ hơn 50 là ” thấp”

i1$gt <- ifelse(i1$V > 50, 'cao', 'thấp')

Gán kết quả mới cho “sl” sử dụng hàm case_when hỗ trợ mã hóa dữ liệu nhiều hơn 2 nếu như giá trị nhỏ hơn 10 thì được gọi là “ít” , từ 10 dân đến 100 được gọi là “vừa”, trên 100 gọi là “nhiều”

i1$sl <- case_when(i1$V < 10 ~ 'ít', i1$V >= 10 & i1$V < 100 ~ 'vừa ', i1$V > 100~ 'nhiều' )

Gán kết quả mới cho “sl0” sử dụng hàm cut dùng để chia dữ liệu của biến “V” từ “i1” thành 3 tổ theo từng khoảng giá trị sau: từ 0 đến 10 là “kho1”, từ 10 đến 50 là “kho2”, từ 50 đến 100 là “kho3”.

i1$sl3 <- cut( i1$R, breaks = c(0, 10,50,100), labels= c ('kho 1','kho 2','kho 3'))

2.4 Lập bảng tần số

Để biết tần số - số lần xuất hiện của dữ liệu trong data ta sử dụng câu lệnh table . Dưới đây là kiểu tra tần số của biến “V”

i2 <- table(i1$V)
str(2)

##  num 2

Sử dụng câu lệnh “cut” để phân loại bộ dữ liệu “i1” dựa trên tiêu chí “Y”

cut(i1$Y,3)

##   [1] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
##   [7] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
##  [13] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [19] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [25] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
##  [31] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
##  [37] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022]
##  [43] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [49] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [55] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
##  [61] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
##  [67] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [73] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
##  [79] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
##  [85] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
##  [91] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022]
##  [97] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [103] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [109] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
## [115] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
## [121] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [127] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [133] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
## [139] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
## [145] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022]
## [151] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [157] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [163] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
## [169] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
## [175] (2014,2018] (2014,2018] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [181] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022]
## [187] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2018,2022] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014]
## [193] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
## [199] (2014,2018] (2014,2018]
## Levels: (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2018,2022]

table(cut(i1$Y,3))

## 
## (2010,2014] (2014,2018] (2018,2022] 
##          56          53          91

Giải thích kết quả : biến “Y” của “i1” được chia làm 3 nhóm (2010,2014] với 56 quan sát; (2014,2018] với 54 quan sát ;(2018,2022] với 91 quan sát

Lập bảng tần số cho 2 biến là “N” và “V”

b$b2 <- cut(b$of5,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
b2.2 <- table(b$name,b$b2)
i1$i3 <- cut(i1$Y,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
i4 <- table(i1$V,i1$i3)
str(i4)

##  'table' int [1:154, 1:3] 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 ...
##  - attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2
##   ..$ : chr [1:154] "0.8" "0.9" "1.2" "1.3" ...
##   ..$ : chr [1:3] "a" "b" "c"

Lập biểu đồ nhánh và lá của biến “Y”từ dữ liệu của data “i1”

stem(i1$Y)

## 
##   The decimal point is at the |
## 
##   2010 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
##   2011 | 
##   2012 | 
##   2013 | 
##   2014 | 
##   2015 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
##   2016 | 
##   2017 | 
##   2018 | 
##   2019 | 
##   2020 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
##   2021 | 
##   2022 | 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

2.5 Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường

mean(i1$R,na.rm = T)

## [1] 36.92

Giải thích kết quả: Câu lệnh mean cho biết giá trị trung bình của cột biến R là 36.92

length(i1$V)

## [1] 200

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh lenghth cho biết độ dài biến V là 200

var(i1$R)

## [1] 4313.943

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh var cho biết độ lệch hay còn gọi là phương sai của biến R là 4313.943

sd(i1$R)

## [1] 65.68062

Giải thích kết quả: câu lệnh sd cho biết độ lệch chuẩn của biến R là 65.68062

median(i1$R)

## [1] 15

Giải thích kết quả: Câu lệnh median cho biết trung vị số quốc gia là 15 , nghĩa là 50% số số quốc gia nhỏ hơn 15 và 50% còn lại là lớn hơn 15

---
title: "Nhiệm vụ 3"
author: "nttrang"
date: "`r format(Sys.time(), '%H:%M:%S, %d - %m - %Y')`"
output:
  html_document: 
    toc: true
    toc_float: true
    df_print: kable
    code_download: true
    number_sections: true
---

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```

# **NHIỆM VỤ 3.1**
***

## **Giải thích bộ dữ liệu**
Bộ dữ liệu population-and-demography.csv: là một bộ dữ liệu mô tả dân số của các quốc gia và khu vực trên thế giới trong những năm từ 1950 đến 2021 Bộ dữ liệu được lưu trữ dưới hình thức file csv, bao gồm 18288 quan sát và 24 biến 

Đọc bộ dữ liệu 
```{r}
d <- read.csv("~/population-and-demography.csv", header=T)
str(d)
is.data.frame(d)
```
vậy “d” là một data frame gồm 18288 quan sát và 24 biến. Tên các biến của “d” cụ thể như sau:

Country name: Tên quốc gia

Year: Năm

Population: Dân số

Population of children under the age of 1: Dân số dưới 1 tuổi

Population of children under the age of 5: Dân số dưới 5 tuổi

Population of children under the age of 15: Dân số dưới 15 tuổi

Population under the age of 25: Dân số dưới 25 tuổi

Population aged 15 to 64 years: Dân số từ 15 đến 64 tuổi

Population older than 15 years: Dân số lớn hơn 15 tuổi

Population older than 18 years: Dân số lớn hơn 18 tuổi

Population at age 1: Dân số tại độ tuổi 1

Population aged 1 to 4 years: Dân số từ 1 đến 4 tuổi

Population aged 5 to 9 years: Dân số từ 5 đến 9 tuổi

Population aged 10 to 14 years: Dân số từ 10 đến 14 tuổi

Population aged 15 to 19 years: Dân số từ 15 đến 19 tuổi

Population aged 20 to 29 years: Dân số từ 20 đến 29 tuổi

Population aged 30 to 39 years: Dân số từ 30 đến 39 tuổi

Population aged 40 to 49 years: Dân số từ 40 đến 49 tuổi

Population aged 50 to 59 years: Dân số từ 50 đến 59 tuổi

Population aged 60 to 69 years: Dân số từ 60 đến 69 tuổi

Population aged 70 to 79 years: Dân số từ 70 đến 79 tuổi

Population aged 80 to 89 years: Dân số từ 80 đến 89 tuổi

Population aged 90 to 99 years: Dân số từ 90 đến 99 tuổi

Population older than 100 years: Dân số lớn hơn 100 tuổi

- Mô tả bộ dữ liệu 
```{r}
library(skimr)
skim(d)
```

- Thông tin mô tả bộ dữ kiệu có các cột sau và ý nghĩa các cột là:
skim_variable: tên biến
n_missing: số dữ liệu trống
complete_rate: tỉ lệ biến có dữ liệu
mean: giá trị trung bình 
sd: độ lệch chuẩn 
p0: giá trị nhỏ nhất 
p25: phân vị thứ nhất
p50: trung vị 
p75: phân vị thứ ba
p100: giá trị lớn nhất 
his: biểu đồ histogram

**Từ bộ dữ liệu "d" chọn 5 quan sát( VietNam,China,Indonesia,Laos,Malaysia),biến (Population) và 5 biến (Population of children under the age of 1 ,Population of children under the age of 5, Population of children under the age of 15, Population under the age of 25, Population aged 15 to 64 years) để  phân tích**

## **Giải thích cho dữ liệu đã chọn **

- Trước tiên ta phải load gói "dplyr"
```{r}
library(dplyr)
```

- Từ dữ liệu của "d" ta sẽ lọc ra 5 quan sát để phân tích bao gồm  'China','Indonesia','Laos','Malaysia','VietNam'
```{r echo=FALSE}
t  <- d %>% filter(Country.name %in% c('China','Indonesia','Laos','Malaysia','Vietnam'))

str(t)
```

Trong "d" từ biến "Country name" chọn ra 5 quan sát ('China','Indonesia','Laos','Malaysia','VietNam') gán vào "t"

- Từ dữ liệu của "d" ta sẽ chọn ra các biến Country name,Year,Population,Population of children under the age of 1 ,Population of children under the age of 5, Population of children under the age of 15, Population under the age of 25, Population aged 15 to 64 years, để phân tích 

```{r echo=TRUE}
 b <- t %>% select(Country.name,Year,Population,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.1  ,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.5,Population.of.children.under.the.age.of.15, Population.under.the.age.of.25,Population.aged.15.to.64.years,)
str(b)

```
- Để dễ dàng thao tác hơn ta sẽ đổi tên các biến lại như sau :

name: Country name

ye: Year

po: Population

of1: Population of children under the age of 1

of5: Population of children under the age of 5

of15:Population of children under the age of 15

of25: Population under the age of 25

f15to64:Population aged 15 to 64 years

```{r}
names(b) <- c('name','ye','po','of1','of5','of15','of25','f15to64')
str(b)
```
- **khi ta muốn xóa đi một cột** (ví dụ xóa đi cột Year ) 
```{r}
b1 <- select(b,-ye)
str(b1)
```
## **Mã hóa dữ liệu**
- Gọi packages **Tidyverse** để sử dụng các lệnh tiếp theo 

```{r}
library(tidyverse)
```

- Gán kết quả mới cho **dstre** , nếu dân số trẻ em dưới 15(of15) tuổi lớn hơn 35
% dân số của nước đó(po) thì gọi là " dân số trẻ", những kết quả cho ra nhỏ hơn sẽ gọi là dân số già 
```{r}
b$dstre <- ifelse(b$of15 > 0.35*b$po, 'dân số trẻ', 'dân số già')

```

- Gán kết quả mới cho tld, nếu như số lượng dân số người dân từ 15 đến 64(15to64) tuổi của nước đó lớn hơn 50% so với tổng số dân(po) thì được mã hóa là "cao", ngược lại nếu thấp hơn 50% dân số thì được mã hóa là "thấp"

```{r}
b$tld <- ifelse(b$f15to64>0.5*b$po, 'cao ', 'thấp' )
```

- Gán kết quả mới cho sl nếu như dân số của nước đó lớn hơn 1.000.000.000 dân thì được gọi là " đông dân " ngược lại nếu dân số nhỏ hơn "1.000.000.000" thì được gọi là " thưa dân " 
```{r}
b$sl <- ifelse(b$po>1000000000, 'đông dân', 'thưa dân' )
```
- Gán kết quả mới cho "sl1" sử dụng hàm case_when hỗ trợ mã hóa dữ liệu nhiều hơn 2 nếu như dân số của các nước nhỏ hơn 100000 dân thì được gọi là "ít" , từ 100000 dân đến 1000000000 dân được gọi là "vừa", trên 1000000000 gọi là "nhiều "
```{r}
b$sl1 <- case_when(b$po < 100000 ~ 'ít', b$po >= 100000 & b$po < 1000000000 ~ 'vừa ', b$po > 1000000000 ~ 'nhiều' )
```
- Gán kết quả mới cho "sl2" sử dụng hàm cut dùng để chia dữ liệu của biến "of5" từ "b" thành 3 tổ theo từng khoảng giá trị sau: từ 0 đến 1.000.000 là "kh1", từ 1.000.000 đến 10.000.000 là "kh2", từ 10.000.000 đến 100.000.000 là "kh3".
```{r}
b$sl2<- cut( b$of5, breaks = c(0, 1000000,10000000, 100000000), labels= c ('kh1' , 'kh 2','kh3'))
```

## **Lập bảng tần số**
- Để biết tần số - số lần xuất hiện của dữ liệu trong data ta sử dụng câu lệnh table . Dưới đây là kiểu tra tần số của biến "of1"  
```{r}
b1.1 <- table(b$of1)
str(b1.1)
```

- Sử dụng câu lệnh "cut" để phân loại bộ dữ liệu "b" dựa trên tiêu chí "of25" 
```{r}
cut(b$of25,3)
table(cut(b$of25,3))
```
**Giải thích kết quả** : biến "of25" của "b" được chia làm 3 nhóm (4.19e+05,1.96e+08] với 288 quan sát; (1.96e+08,3.91e+08] với 14 quan sát ;(3.91e+08,5.86e+08] với 58 quan sát 


- Lập bảng tần số cho 2 biến là "of5" và "name" 
```{r}
b$b2 <- cut(b$of5,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
b2.2 <- table(b$name,b$b2)
str(b2.2)
```
- Lập biểu đồ nhánh và lá của biến "f15to64"từ dữ liệu của data "b" 

```{r}
stem(b$f15to64)
```
## **Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường**
```{r}
summary(b$of1)
```
 **Giải thích kết quả** : phân tích biến "of1" từ dữ liệu của data "b" ta được 
- dân số nhỏ nhất của độ tuổi dưới 1 tuổi :66020
- phân vị thứ nhất : 328975 (25% số liệu dân số của độ tuối dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 328975 người , 75% còn lại lớn hơn 328975 người)
- trung vị : 1458217 (50% số liệu dân số có độ tuổi dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 1458217 người, 50% còn lại lớn hơn 1458217 người )
- trung bình : 5458553
- phân vị thứ 3 : 4604800 ( 75% số liệu dân số có độ tuổi dưới 1 nhỏ hơn 4604800 người , 25% còn lại lớn hơn 4604800 người)
- dân số lớn nhất của độ tuổi dưới 1 là 4604800 


```{r}
sum(b$of5)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: Câu lệnh sum cho biết tổng dân số của biến dân số dưới 5 tuổi từ dữ liệu "b" là  9533941973 người 

```{r}
mean(b$of15,na.rm = T)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: Câu lệnh **mean** cho biết giá trị trung bình số dân của độ tuổi dưới 1 tuổi là 75823067

```{r}
length(b$of15)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **lenghth** cho biết độ dài biến **of15** là 360 
```{r}
var(b$of15)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **var** cho biết độ lệch hay còn gọi là phương sai của biến **of15** là 1.297705e+16

```{r}
sd(b$of15)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **sd** cho biết độ lệch chuẩn của biến **of15** là 113916875

```{r}
median(b$of15)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: Câu lệnh **median** cho biết trung vị dân số của độ tuổi dưới 15 tuổi là 21417308 , nghĩa là 50% số liệu dân số của độ tuổi dưới 15 là nhỏ hơn 21417308 và 50% còn lại là lớn hơn 21417308

## **Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường theo nhóm**

```{r}
a1 <- b %>% group_by(of1) %>% summarise(mean_of_of15 = mean(of15))
a1
```

**Giải thích kết quả**: gán kết quả cho a1 về giá trị trung bình của dân số dưới 15 tuổi dựa vào biến dân số dưới 1 tuổi 
```{r}
a2 <- b %>% group_by(ye) %>% summarise(n = n(),mean_of_of1 = mean(of1))
a2
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: giá trị trung bình của tổng dân số dưới 1 tuổi (biến of1) theo năm (biến Ye) trong đó n=n() cho biết số lần năm đó xuất hiện ( hay chính là tổng số quốc gia, khu vực )

```{r}
a3 <- b %>% group_by(ye) %>% summarise(med_of_of25= median(of25))
a3                                                        
```
**Giải thích kết quả**:a3 là kết quả của trung vị của tổng dân số dưới 25 tuổi (biến of25) theo năm (biến Ye) 
```{r}
a4 <- b %>% group_by(name) %>% summarise(mean_of_ = mean(po))
a4
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: a4 là kết quả giá trị trung bình của tổng dân số được tính theo tên quốc gia 
```{r}
a5 <- b %>% group_by(ye,name) %>% summarise(n = n(),mean_of_po = mean(po),.groups = 'drop')
a5
```
**Giải thích kết quả** : a5 là giá trị trung binh của tổng dân số theo từng năm của từng quốc gia 

# **NHIỆM VỤ 3.2**
***
## **Giải thích bộ dữ liệu**
Bộ dữ liệu : là một bộ dữ liệu mô tả Tăng trưởng dân số và các chỉ số sinh, tử Bộ dữ liệu được lưu trữ dưới hình thức file csv, bao gồm 6756 quan sát và 7 biến 

**Đọc bộ dữ liệu**
```{r}
 i <- read.csv("~/Ngôn ngữ lập trình/SYB66_246_202310_Population Growth, Fertility and Mortality Indicators.csv")
str(i)
is.data.frame(i)
              
```
vậy **i** là một data frame gồm 6758 quan sát và 7 biến. Tên các biến của **i** cụ thể như sau:
Region/Country/Area: Vùng/Quốc gia/Khu vực
name: tên quốc gia 
Year: Năm 
Series:Loạt
Value	: Giá trị
Footnotes	: Chú thích cuối trang
Source: Nguồn

```{r}
library(skimr)
skim(i)
```
- Thông tin mô tả bộ dữ kiệu có các cột sau và ý nghĩa các cột là:
skim_variable: tên biến
n_missing: số dữ liệu trống
complete_rate: tỉ lệ biến có dữ liệu
mean: giá trị trung bình 
sd: độ lệch chuẩn 
p0: giá trị nhỏ nhất 
p25: phân vị thứ nhất
p50: trung vị 
p75: phân vị thứ ba
p100: giá trị lớn nhất 
his: biểu đồ histogram
**Để dễ dàng phân tích dữ liệu ta chỉ lấy 1 phần nhỏ dữ liệu từ i để phân tích 
```{r}
i1 <- i[1:200,1:7]
i1
```
## **Giải thích cho dữ liệu đã chọn **
- Để dễ dàng thao tác hơn ta sẽ đổi tên các biến lại như sau :
R: Region/Country/Area
N: name
Y: Year
S: Series
V: Value	
F: Footnotes
S: Source

```{r}
names(i1) <- c('R','N','Y','S','V','F','S')
str(i1)
```
## **Mã hóa dữ liệu**
- Gọi packages **Tidyverse** để sử dụng các lệnh tiếp theo 
```{r}
library(tidyverse)
```
- Gán kết quả mới cho **gt** , nếu giá trị lớn hơn 50 thì được mã hóa là "cao" và ngược lại nếu nhỏ hơn 50 là " thấp"

```{r}
i1$gt <- ifelse(i1$V > 50, 'cao', 'thấp')

```

- Gán kết quả mới cho "sl" sử dụng hàm case_when hỗ trợ mã hóa dữ liệu nhiều hơn 2 nếu như giá trị nhỏ hơn 10 thì được gọi là "ít" , từ 10 dân đến 100 được gọi là "vừa", trên 100 gọi là "nhiều "
```{r}
i1$sl <- case_when(i1$V < 10 ~ 'ít', i1$V >= 10 & i1$V < 100 ~ 'vừa ', i1$V > 100~ 'nhiều' )
```
- Gán kết quả mới cho "sl0" sử dụng hàm cut dùng để chia dữ liệu của biến "V" từ "i1" thành 3 tổ theo từng khoảng giá trị sau: từ 0 đến 10 là "kho1", từ 10 đến 50 là "kho2", từ 50 đến 100 là "kho3".
```{r}
i1$sl3 <- cut( i1$R, breaks = c(0, 10,50,100), labels= c ('kho 1','kho 2','kho 3'))
```

## **Lập bảng tần số**
- Để biết tần số - số lần xuất hiện của dữ liệu trong data ta sử dụng câu lệnh table . Dưới đây là kiểu tra tần số của biến "V"  
```{r}
i2 <- table(i1$V)
str(2)
```

- Sử dụng câu lệnh "cut" để phân loại bộ dữ liệu "i1" dựa trên tiêu chí "Y" 
```{r}
cut(i1$Y,3)
table(cut(i1$Y,3))
```
**Giải thích kết quả** : biến "Y" của "i1" được chia làm 3 nhóm (2010,2014] với 56 quan sát;  (2014,2018] với 54 quan sát ;(2018,2022] với 91 quan sát 


- Lập bảng tần số cho 2 biến là "N" và "V" 
```{r}
b$b2 <- cut(b$of5,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
b2.2 <- table(b$name,b$b2)
i1$i3 <- cut(i1$Y,3, labels = c('a','b','c'))
i4 <- table(i1$V,i1$i3)
str(i4)
```
- Lập biểu đồ nhánh và lá của biến "Y"từ dữ liệu của data "i1" 

```{r}
stem(i1$Y)
```
## **Tính toán các đặc trưng đo lường**

```{r}
mean(i1$R,na.rm = T)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: Câu lệnh **mean** cho biết giá trị trung bình của cột biến R là 36.92 

```{r}
length(i1$V)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **lenghth** cho biết độ dài biến **V** là 200  
```{r}
var(i1$R)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **var** cho biết độ lệch hay còn gọi là phương sai của biến **R** là 4313.943

```{r}
sd(i1$R)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: câu lệnh **sd** cho biết độ lệch chuẩn của biến **R** là 65.68062

```{r}
median(i1$R)
```
**Giải thích kết quả**: Câu lệnh **median** cho biết trung vị số quốc gia là 15 , nghĩa là 50% số số quốc gia nhỏ hơn 15 và 50% còn lại là lớn hơn 15 









Nhiệm vụ 3

nttrang

22:03:59, 26 - 01 - 2024