#load tính năng đọc file excel bằng lệnh
library(xlsx)
#gán file vào biến d bằng lệnh
d <- read.xlsx("D:\\Downloads\\bwt_co_dieu_chinh.xlsx", sheetIndex =1 ,header = T)
#kiểm tra d có phải data frame không bằng lệnh
is.data.frame(d)#mếu kết quả trả về True là đúng, còn False thì không phải
## [1] TRUE
#kiểm tra số cột của d bằng lệnh
length(d)
## [1] 9
#kiểm tra tên các cột của d bằng lệnhl
names(d)
## [1] "id" "year" "bwt" "gestation" "parity" "age"
## [7] "height" "weight" "smoke"
#kiểm tra số hàng và số cột của d bằng lệnh
dim(d)
## [1] 640 9
#load gói thông kê mô tả bằng lệnh
library(skimr)
#tạo bảng thống kê mô tả cho d bằng lệnh
skim(d)
| Name | d |
| Number of rows | 640 |
| Number of columns | 9 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| numeric | 9 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| id | 0 | 1 | 4.50 | 2.29 | 1 | 2.75 | 4.5 | 6.25 | 8 | ▇▃▇▃▇ |
| year | 0 | 1 | 1964.50 | 23.11 | 1925 | 1944.75 | 1964.5 | 1984.25 | 2004 | ▇▇▇▇▇ |
| bwt | 0 | 1 | 118.89 | 18.14 | 55 | 107.75 | 120.0 | 131.00 | 169 | ▁▂▇▆▁ |
| gestation | 0 | 1 | 279.33 | 15.80 | 181 | 273.00 | 280.0 | 288.00 | 351 | ▁▁▇▅▁ |
| parity | 0 | 1 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 1.00 | 1 | ▇▁▁▁▃ |
| age | 0 | 1 | 27.28 | 5.86 | 15 | 23.00 | 26.0 | 31.00 | 45 | ▃▇▅▂▁ |
| height | 0 | 1 | 64.10 | 2.50 | 53 | 62.00 | 64.0 | 66.00 | 71 | ▁▁▅▇▁ |
| weight | 0 | 1 | 128.22 | 19.49 | 87 | 115.00 | 126.0 | 137.00 | 217 | ▃▇▃▁▁ |
| smoke | 0 | 1 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 1.00 | 1 | ▇▁▁▁▆ |
#lấy dữ liệu 5 hàng đầu của d bằng lệnh
head(d,5)
## id year bwt gestation parity age height weight smoke
## 1 1 1925 120 284 0 27 62 100 0
## 2 2 1925 112 267 1 22 62 138 0
## 3 3 1925 119 286 0 26 64 123 1
## 4 4 1925 124 287 0 27 62 105 1
## 5 5 1925 105 276 0 22 67 130 0
#lấy dữ liệu 5 hàng cuối của d bằng lệnh
tail(d,5)
## id year bwt gestation parity age height weight smoke
## 636 4 2004 110 277 0 25 61 130 0
## 637 5 2004 120 271 1 17 64 142 1
## 638 6 2004 110 280 0 29 62 110 1
## 639 7 2004 160 271 0 32 67 215 0
## 640 8 2004 100 281 0 24 61 115 0
#kiểm tra cấu trúc của d bằng lệnh
str(d)
## 'data.frame': 640 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ id : num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 ...
## $ year : num 1925 1925 1925 1925 1925 ...
## $ bwt : num 120 112 119 124 105 120 82 111 113 134 ...
## $ gestation: num 284 267 286 287 276 289 274 278 282 297 ...
## $ parity : num 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ age : num 27 22 26 27 22 31 31 29 33 27 ...
## $ height : num 62 62 64 62 67 59 64 65 64 67 ...
## $ weight : num 100 138 123 105 130 102 101 145 135 170 ...
## $ smoke : num 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 ...
#kiểm tra ô trống của d bằng lệnh
is.na(d)#nếu ô nào trả kết quả FALSE là ô có dữ liệu, còn TRUE là ô trống
## id year bwt gestation parity age height weight smoke
## [1,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
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#tính tổng các ô trống bằng lệnh
sum(is.na(d))
## [1] 0
#xác định vị trí ô trống bằng lệnh
which(is.na(d))
## integer(0)
#đổi tên cột của d bằng lệnh
names(d) <- c('I', 'Y', 'B', 'G', 'P', 'A', 'H','W','S')
#lấy ô hàng 8 cột 3 bằng lệnh
a<-d[8,3]
str(a)
## num 111
#hiển thị cột H bằng lệnh
H <- d$H
str(H)
## num [1:640] 62 62 64 62 67 59 64 65 64 67 ...
#hiển thị toàn bộ cột 8 bằng lệnh
b <- d[,8]
str(b)
## num [1:640] 100 138 123 105 130 102 101 145 135 170 ...
#hiển thị toàn bộ dòng 3 bằng lệnh
c <- d[3,]
str(c)
## 'data.frame': 1 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 3
## $ Y: num 1925
## $ B: num 119
## $ G: num 286
## $ P: num 0
## $ A: num 26
## $ H: num 64
## $ W: num 123
## $ S: num 1
#hiển thị cột 1 và cột 3 của c bằng lệnh
d1 <- d[,c(1,3)]
str(d1)
## 'data.frame': 640 obs. of 2 variables:
## $ I: num 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 ...
## $ B: num 120 112 119 124 105 120 82 111 113 134 ...
#hiển thị từ dòng 3 đến dòng 8 bằng lệnh
d2 <- d[3:8,]
str(d2)
## 'data.frame': 6 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 3 4 5 6 7 8
## $ Y: num 1925 1925 1925 1925 1925 ...
## $ B: num 119 124 105 120 82 111
## $ G: num 286 287 276 289 274 278
## $ P: num 0 0 0 1 0 0
## $ A: num 26 27 22 31 31 29
## $ H: num 64 62 67 59 64 65
## $ W: num 123 105 130 102 101 145
## $ S: num 1 1 0 0 1 1
#hiển thị dòng 4, 8, 12 của d bằng lệnh
d3 <- d[c(4,8,12),]
str(d3)
## 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 4 8 4
## $ Y: num 1925 1925 1926
## $ B: num 124 111 125
## $ G: num 287 278 292
## $ P: num 0 0 0
## $ A: num 27 29 22
## $ H: num 62 65 65
## $ W: num 105 145 122
## $ S: num 1 1 0
#hiển thị hàng 2, 3, 6, 8 của cột 2, 3 bằng lệnh
d4 <- d[c(2,3,6,18),c(2,3)]
str(d4)
## 'data.frame': 4 obs. of 2 variables:
## $ Y: num 1925 1925 1925 1927
## $ B: num 112 119 120 145
#hiển thị tất cả các dòng có giá trị ở cột H lớn hơn hoặc bằng 70
d5 <- d[d$H >=70,]
str(d5)
## 'data.frame': 9 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 8 7 4 4 6 7 1 7 2
## $ Y: num 1932 1945 1950 1956 1967 ...
## $ B: num 144 113 148 121 117 113 124 143 158
## $ G: num 248 285 279 276 281 287 278 270 295
## $ P: num 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
## $ A: num 30 22 27 23 21 29 26 27 37
## $ H: num 70 70 71 71 70 70 70 70 70
## $ W: num 145 145 189 152 141 145 145 148 137
## $ S: num 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
#hiển thị tất cả các dòng có giá trị tại ở cột H lớn hơn bằng 62 và nhỏ hơn bằng 65
d6 <- d[d$H >=62 & d$H <=65,]
str(d6)
## 'data.frame': 343 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 1 2 3 4 7 8 1 4 5 7 ...
## $ Y: num 1925 1925 1925 1925 1925 ...
## $ B: num 120 112 119 124 82 111 113 125 93 100 ...
## $ G: num 284 267 286 287 274 278 282 292 246 274 ...
## $ P: num 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ A: num 27 22 26 27 31 29 33 22 37 24 ...
## $ H: num 62 62 64 62 64 65 64 65 65 63 ...
## $ W: num 100 138 123 105 101 145 135 122 130 113 ...
## $ S: num 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 ...
d7 <- d[d$H == 63 | d$H == 66,]
str(d7)
## 'data.frame': 171 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 7 4 5 4 5 4 3 6 3 5 ...
## $ Y: num 1926 1927 1927 1928 1929 ...
## $ B: num 100 110 122 125 130 142 99 128 105 120 ...
## $ G: num 274 262 281 279 296 284 270 292 280 281 ...
## $ P: num 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 ...
## $ A: num 24 25 42 23 22 39 22 32 22 33 ...
## $ H: num 63 66 63 63 66 66 63 66 63 63 ...
## $ W: num 113 140 103 104 117 132 115 130 116 113 ...
## $ S: num 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 ...
library(dplyr)
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
#lọc những hàng có I lớn hơn bằng 3 và B lớn hơn bằng 112 bằng lệnh
e<-filter(d, d$I >=3 & d$B >=112)
str(e)
## 'data.frame': 322 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ I: num 3 4 6 4 6 5 6 7 8 3 ...
## $ Y: num 1925 1925 1925 1926 1926 ...
## $ B: num 119 124 120 125 146 122 112 114 114 115 ...
## $ G: num 286 287 289 292 280 281 283 271 276 264 ...
## $ P: num 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ...
## $ A: num 26 27 31 22 23 42 21 32 26 23 ...
## $ H: num 64 62 59 65 61 63 62 61 62 67 ...
## $ W: num 123 105 102 122 145 103 102 130 127 134 ...
## $ S: num 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ...
#chọn cột I,B,S của e bằng lệnh
e1<-select(e,I,B,S)
str(e1)
## 'data.frame': 322 obs. of 3 variables:
## $ I: num 3 4 6 4 6 5 6 7 8 3 ...
## $ B: num 119 124 120 125 146 122 112 114 114 115 ...
## $ S: num 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ...
#tạo ra một cột mới tên 'tong' bằng tổng của 3 cột B, G, P
d$tong <- d$B+d$G+d$P
str(d$tong)
## num [1:640] 404 380 405 411 381 410 356 389 395 431 ...
d$tong <- ifelse(d$tong >=400, "OK", "NOT OK")
str(d$tong)
## chr [1:640] "OK" "NOT OK" "OK" "OK" "NOT OK" "OK" "NOT OK" "NOT OK" ...
Thao tác cơ bản và rút trích dữ liệu từ file “customer_shopping_data” - file cung cấp những thông tin cơ bản của khách hàng, bao gồm:
invoice_no: mã hóa đơn
customer_id: mã khách hàng
gender: giới tính
age: tuổi
category: loại hànghàng
quanity: số lượng
price: giá
payment_method: phương thức thanh toán
invoice_date: ngày xuất hóa đơn
shopping_mall: nơi mua
Bộ dữ liệu gồm có 10 đối tượng và 3003 quan sát
#gán file vào biến i bằng lệnh
i <- read.xlsx("D:\\Downloads\\customer_shopping_data.xlsx", sheetIndex =1 ,header = T)
#kiểm tra xem i có phải data frame không bằng lệnh
is.data.frame(i)
## [1] TRUE
#kiểm tra số cột của i bằng lệnh
length(i)
## [1] 10
#hiển thị tên các cột của i bằng lệnh
names(i)
## [1] "invoice_no" "customer_id" "gender" "age"
## [5] "category" "quantity" "price" "payment_method"
## [9] "invoice_date" "shopping_mall"
#hiển thị số hàng và số cột của i bằng lệnh
dim(i)
## [1] 3003 10
#tạo bảng thống kê mô tả cho i bằng lệnh
skim(i)
| Name | i |
| Number of rows | 3003 |
| Number of columns | 10 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| character | 7 |
| numeric | 3 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: character
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | min | max | empty | n_unique | whitespace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| invoice_no | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3003 | 0 |
| customer_id | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 3003 | 0 |
| gender | 0 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| category | 0 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| payment_method | 0 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| invoice_date | 0 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 782 | 0 |
| shopping_mall | 0 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| age | 0 | 1 | 43.44 | 14.90 | 18.00 | 30.00 | 43.0 | 56.00 | 69 | ▇▇▇▇▇ |
| quantity | 0 | 1 | 3.00 | 1.44 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.0 | 4.00 | 5 | ▇▇▇▇▇ |
| price | 0 | 1 | 693.37 | 976.70 | 5.23 | 40.66 | 203.3 | 1200.32 | 5250 | ▇▂▁▁▁ |
#lấy dứ liệu 5 hàng đầu tiên của i bằng lệnh
head(i,5)
## invoice_no customer_id gender age category quantity price payment_method
## 1 I138884 C241288 Female 28 Clothing 5 1500.40 Credit Card
## 2 I317333 C111565 Male 21 Shoes 3 1800.51 Debit Card
## 3 I127801 C266599 Male 20 Clothing 1 300.08 Cash
## 4 I173702 C988172 Female 66 Shoes 5 3000.85 Credit Card
## 5 I337046 C189076 Female 53 Books 4 60.60 Cash
## invoice_date shopping_mall
## 1 44689 Kanyon
## 2 44542 Forum Istanbul
## 3 44450 Metrocity
## 4 16/05/2021 Metropol AVM
## 5 24/10/2021 Kanyon
#lấy dữ liệu 5 hàng cuối cùng của i bằng lệnh
tail(i,5)
## invoice_no customer_id gender age category quantity price payment_method
## 2999 I262363 C251985 Male 32 Books 5 75.75 Cash
## 3000 I959479 C258369 Female 52 Clothing 5 1500.40 Debit Card
## 3001 I594574 C316999 Female 56 Clothing 2 600.16 Credit Card
## 3002 I248487 C129645 Female 59 Clothing 2 600.16 Credit Card
## 3003 I307338 C495855 Female 45 Shoes 2 1200.34 Credit Card
## invoice_date shopping_mall
## 2999 28/07/2022 Istinye Park
## 3000 19/06/2022 Kanyon
## 3001 20/09/2022 Metrocity
## 3002 26/01/2023 Kanyon
## 3003 24/08/2021 Zorlu Center
#lấy ô hàng 8 cột 3 bằng lệnh
i1 <- i[8,3]
str(i1)
## chr "Female"
#lấy hàng 2005 bằng lệnh
i2 <- i[2005,]
str(i2)
## 'data.frame': 1 obs. of 10 variables:
## $ invoice_no : chr "I248285"
## $ customer_id : chr "C294338"
## $ gender : chr "Female"
## $ age : num 54
## $ category : chr "Toys"
## $ quantity : num 2
## $ price : num 71.7
## $ payment_method: chr "Cash"
## $ invoice_date : chr "44441"
## $ shopping_mall : chr "Mall of Istanbul"
#lấy cột 4 bằng lệnh
i3 <- i[,4]
str(i3)
## num [1:3003] 28 21 20 66 53 28 49 32 69 60 ...
#lấy hàng 3, 8, 200 của cột 5 bằng lệnh
i4 <- i[c(3,8,200),5]
str(i4)
## chr [1:3] "Clothing" "Clothing" "Cosmetics"
#lọc những hàng của khách hàng lớn hơn bằng 40 bằng lệnh
i5<-filter(i, i$age >= 40)
str(i5)
## 'data.frame': 1734 obs. of 10 variables:
## $ invoice_no : chr "I173702" "I337046" "I121056" "I293455" ...
## $ customer_id : chr "C988172" "C189076" "C151197" "C159642" ...
## $ gender : chr "Female" "Female" "Female" "Male" ...
## $ age : num 66 53 49 69 60 67 67 65 42 46 ...
## $ category : chr "Shoes" "Books" "Cosmetics" "Clothing" ...
## $ quantity : num 5 4 1 3 2 4 2 2 3 2 ...
## $ price : num 3000.8 60.6 40.7 900.2 600.2 ...
## $ payment_method: chr "Credit Card" "Cash" "Cash" "Credit Card" ...
## $ invoice_date : chr "16/05/2021" "24/10/2021" "13/03/2022" "44297" ...
## $ shopping_mall : chr "Metropol AVM" "Kanyon" "Istinye Park" "Metrocity" ...
#lọc những hàng có phương thức thanh toán bằng tiền mặt bằng lệnh
i6<-filter(i, i$payment_method == "Cash")
str(i6)
## 'data.frame': 1301 obs. of 10 variables:
## $ invoice_no : chr "I127801" "I337046" "I121056" "I306368" ...
## $ customer_id : chr "C266599" "C189076" "C151197" "C240286" ...
## $ gender : chr "Male" "Female" "Female" "Female" ...
## $ age : num 20 53 49 36 25 46 24 27 44 42 ...
## $ category : chr "Clothing" "Books" "Cosmetics" "Food & Beverage" ...
## $ quantity : num 1 4 1 2 2 2 4 1 5 5 ...
## $ price : num 300.1 60.6 40.7 10.5 600.2 ...
## $ payment_method: chr "Cash" "Cash" "Cash" "Cash" ...
## $ invoice_date : chr "44450" "24/10/2021" "13/03/2022" "25/12/2022" ...
## $ shopping_mall : chr "Metrocity" "Kanyon" "Istinye Park" "Metrocity" ...
#chọn cột hóa đơn, tuổi, nơi mua hàng của i bằng lệnh
i7<-select(i,invoice_no,age,shopping_mall)
str(i7)
## 'data.frame': 3003 obs. of 3 variables:
## $ invoice_no : chr "I138884" "I317333" "I127801" "I173702" ...
## $ age : num 28 21 20 66 53 28 49 32 69 60 ...
## $ shopping_mall: chr "Kanyon" "Forum Istanbul" "Metrocity" "Metropol AVM" ...
#tạo cột mới có tên là "into_money" bằng tích của cột "quanity" và "price"
i$into_money <- i$quantity*i$price
str(i$into_money)
## num [1:3003] 7502 5402 300 15004 242 ...