Input Data

Memasukkan dataset yang diberikan dalam bentuk csv yang sudah didownload sebelumnya.

# input data dalam komputer
IQ <- read.csv(file = "E:/SMT 3/MDR/KUIS UAS/avgIQpercountry.csv", header=T)
IQ
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      2                           Taiwan     106.47            Asia
## 3      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 4      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 5      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 6      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 7      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 8      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 9      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 10    10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 11    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 12    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 13    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 14    14                            Macao      99.82            Asia
## 15    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 16    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 17    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 18    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 19    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 20    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 21    21                      North Korea      98.82            Asia
## 22    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 23    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 24    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 25    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 26    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 27    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 28    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 29    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 30    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 31    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 32    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 33    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 34    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 35    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 36    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 37    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 38    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 39    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 40    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 41    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 42    42                    New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania
## 43    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 44    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 45    45                          Bermuda      93.48   North America
## 46    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 47    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 48    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 49    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 50    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 51    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 52    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 53    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 54    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 55    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 56    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 57    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 58    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 59    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 60    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 61    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 62    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 63    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 64    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 65    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 66    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 67    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 68    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 69    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 70    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 71    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 72    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 73    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 74    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 75    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 76    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 77    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 78    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 79    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 80    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 81    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 82    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 83    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 84    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 85    85         Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America
## 86    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 87    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 88    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 89    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 90    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 91    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 92    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 93    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 94    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 95    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 96    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 97    97                   Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America
## 98    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 99    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 100  100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 101  101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 102  102                      Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America
## 103  103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 104  104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 105  105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 106  106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 107  107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 108  108         Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania
## 109  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 110  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 111  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 112  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 113  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 114  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 115  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 116  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 117  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 118  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 119  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 120  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 121  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 122  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 123  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 124  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 125  125                       East Timor      78.49            Asia
## 126  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 127  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 128  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 129  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 130  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 131  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 132  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 133  133           British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America
## 134  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 135  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 136  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 137  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 138  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 139  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 140  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 141  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 142  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 143  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 144  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 145  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 146  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 147  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 148  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 149  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 150  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 151  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 152  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 153  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 154  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 155  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 156  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 157  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 158  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 159  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 160  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 161  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 162  162                     Saint Helena      68.74          Africa
## 163  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 164  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 165  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 166  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 167  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 168  168                          Somalia      67.67          Africa
## 169  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 170  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 171  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 172  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 173  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 174  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 175  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 176  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 177  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 178  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 179  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 180  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 181  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 182  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 183  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 184  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 185  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 186  186                  Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa
## 187  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 188  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 189  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 190  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 191  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 192  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 193  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.96            4         NA                             NA
## 3            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 4            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 5            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 6            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 7            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 8            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 9            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 10           0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 11           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 12           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 13           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 14           0.97            0         NA                             NA
## 15           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 16           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 17           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 18           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 19           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 20           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 21           1.00            0         NA                             NA
## 22           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 23           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 24           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 25           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 26           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 27           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 28           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 29           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 30           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 31           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 32           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 33           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 34           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 35           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 36           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 37           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 38           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 39           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 40           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 41           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 42           0.97            0         NA                             NA
## 43           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 44           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 45           0.98            0         NA                             NA
## 46           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 47           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 48           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 49           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 50           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 51           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 52           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 53           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 54           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 55           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 56           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 57           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 58           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 59           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 60           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 61           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 62           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 63           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 64           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 65           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 66           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 67           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 68           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 69           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 70           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 71           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 72           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 73           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 74           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 75           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 76           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 77           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 78           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 79           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 80           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 81           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 82           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 83           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 84           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 85           0.98            0         NA                             NA
## 86           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 87           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 88           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 89           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 90           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 91           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 92           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 93           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 94           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 95           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 96           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 97           0.99            0         NA                             NA
## 98           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 99           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 100          0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 101          0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 102          0.93            0         NA                             NA
## 103          0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 104          0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 105          0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 106          0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 107          0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 108          0.97            0         NA                             NA
## 109          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 110          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 111          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 112          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 113          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 114          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 115          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 116          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 117          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 118          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 119          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 120          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 121          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 122          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 123          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 124          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 125          0.64            0         NA                             NA
## 126          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 127          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 128          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 129          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 130          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 131          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 132          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 133          0.98            0         NA                             NA
## 134          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 135          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 136          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 137          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 138          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 139          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 140          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 141          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 142          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 143          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 144          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 145          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 146          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 147          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 148          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 149          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 150          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 151          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 152          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 153          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 154          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 155          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 156          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 157          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 158          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 159          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 160          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 161          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 162          0.97            0         NA                             NA
## 163          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 164          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 165          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 166          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 167          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 168          0.38            0         NA                             NA
## 169          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 170          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 171          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 172          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 173          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 174          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 175          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 176          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 177          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 178          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 179          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 180          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 181          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 182          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 183          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 184          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 185          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 186          0.43            0         NA                             NA
## 187          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 188          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 189          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 190          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 191          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 192          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 193          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2           NA          10143543
## 3        90919           6014723
## 4        62607           7491609
## 5        17504        1425671352
## 6        44501          51784059
## 7        18849           9498238
## 8        49452           5545475
## 9       146830           \t39315
## 10       54534          83294633
## 11       55979          17618299
## 12       38048           1322766
## 13       84649           654.768
## 14          NA            704.15
## 15        4079          16944826
## 16       46808          38781292
## 17       49238          26439112
## 18       32789          10156239
## 19       66933           8796669
## 20       45225          67736802
## 21          NA          26160822
## 22       39746           2119675
## 23       44057           5228100
## 24       53619           8958961
## 25       55782           375.319
## 26       60365           5910913
## 27       52293          11686140
## 28       64765         339996564
## 29       64660           5474360
## 30       54489          10612086
## 31       45937          64756584
## 32       33034          41026068
## 33       30690           5795199
## 34       27166         144444359
## 35       37931           2718352
## 36       30132           4008617
## 37       51167            76.965
## 38       76169           5056935
## 39       38745          10495295
## 40       32803           1830212
## 41       42840          58870763
## 42          NA           292.991
## 43        3085           334.506
## 44       38354          47519628
## 45          NA            63.837
## 46       38188           1260138
## 47       33155          10247605
## 48       41524           9174520
## 49       12306           281.996
## 50       38884           535.065
## 51        3851          54577997
## 52       10588           3447157
## 53       23079           6687717
## 54       29002          10341277
## 55       12672           623.237
## 56       13256          36744634
## 57       14875           3435931
## 58       19123           7149077
## 59        7867          98858950
## 60        9977          45504560
## 61        7917          35163944
## 62       23943          19606634
## 63       17030          71801279
## 64       13158           2777971
## 65       15242           3210848
## 66       19974           5212173
## 67        9438           787.425
## 68       24563          19629590
## 69       17896         128455567
## 70        4548          10143543
## 71       21269           3423109
## 72       64490           452.524
## 73       26658          34308525
## 74       30486           412.624
## 75       30027          19892812
## 76       31033          85816199
## 77       20925          45773884
## 78       12578          21893579
## 79       22025           1300557
## 80       13021           6516100
## 81       20839           626.485
## 82       23392           1534937
## 83       14257          10412652
## 84       14664           3728282
## 85          NA            44.104
## 86       12349           6861524
## 87        3696           115.224
## 88        9980           936.375
## 89        4620            41.996
## 90        2482           740.425
## 91        7879          11194449
## 92       39497           1485510
## 93       14370         216422446
## 94       22465           813.834
## 95       14384          52085168
## 96        4811          28838499
## 97          NA             69310
## 98        1824          42239854
## 99        2848          11724764
## 100      17990          11332973
## 101      62574           9516871
## 102         NA           3260314
## 103      15918           2085679
## 104      14131           2832439
## 105       9526           5353930
## 106       8920         117337368
## 107      12246          34352719
## 108         NA            49.796
## 109       7700           7633779
## 110      15336           6888388
## 111      87134           2716391
## 112       9924          11337053
## 113      15448           521.022
## 114      13001          89172767
## 115       4624         240485658
## 116      13484           126.184
## 117      10258          12458223
## 118       4566           6735348
## 119      26957           4468087
## 120       1364          18278568
## 121       3575          48109006
## 122      25831            107.66
## 123      27054           4644384
## 124      52920           4310108
## 125         NA           1360596
## 126      11466         277534123
## 127       4009          10329931
## 128      10312          18190484
## 129       6583           5040000
## 130       3344          17763163
## 131       3142           852.075
## 132       1484          30325732
## 133         NA             32291
## 134       8111          12388571
## 135       2181          48582334
## 136      46112          36947025
## 137      11732         112716599
## 138       6590        1428627663
## 139      10800          45606481
## 140       4474          55100587
## 141       5466          36684203
## 142       8834           2825544
## 143       2664          67438106
## 144       4192          23227014
## 145       5472         172954319
## 146       3810          16665409
## 147       2118          23251485
## 148      12048           180.251
## 149       1198          33897354
## 150        732          13238559
## 151       1240          27202843
## 152      16792            94.298
## 153       2210          14094683
## 154       3409          13712828
## 155       1466          20931751
## 156       8296           6364943
## 157      16198           2675353
## 158       2700           2330318
## 159      12948          60414495
## 160       7679           1210822
## 161       1729           3748902
## 162         NA             6.115
## 163       3218          20569738
## 164       2361         126527060
## 165       5025           1136455
## 166       3621          28647293
## 167       4790         223804632
## 168         NA          18143379
## 169       7303          37840044
## 170       8634           2604172
## 171      11488            73.161
## 172       4021           231.856
## 173       2889           6106869
## 174      11961           103.699
## 175      13367           2436567
## 176       1076         102262809
## 177       1314          34449825
## 178       6309           410.825
## 179        966           5742316
## 180       5298          10593798
## 181       2167           9053799
## 182       2133          23293699
## 183       5075           4862989
## 184        768          11088796
## 185       5745          34121985
## 186         NA          28873034
## 187       2481          14190612
## 188       5625           7046311
## 189       2172           2773168
## 190       8723          18092026
## 191       1289           5418377
## 192       1622           8791092
## 193       3877          30896590

Inpeksi Data Frame

Sebelum mengolah data perlu menghitung total data. Selain itu dihitung statistik ringkasan, seperti mencari nilai minimum, maksimum, mean, dan lainnya pada setiap kolom data. Penting juga untuk melihat struktur data pada dataset sebelum dilakukan pengolahan data.

# menghitung dimensi (baris dan kolom)
dim(IQ)
## [1] 193  10
# menghitung statistik ringkasan
summary(IQ)
##       Rank       Country            Average.IQ      Continent        
##  Min.   :  1   Length:193         Min.   : 42.99   Length:193        
##  1st Qu.: 49   Class :character   1st Qu.: 74.33   Class :character  
##  Median : 97   Mode  :character   Median : 82.24   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 97                      Mean   : 82.05                     
##  3rd Qu.:145                      3rd Qu.: 91.60                     
##  Max.   :193                      Max.   :106.48                     
##                                                                      
##  Literacy.Rate     Nobel.Prices       HDI..2021.    
##  Min.   :0.1900   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0.3850  
##  1st Qu.:0.8000   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:0.5995  
##  Median :0.9500   Median :  0.000   Median :0.7450  
##  Mean   :0.8642   Mean   :  5.922   Mean   :0.7241  
##  3rd Qu.:0.9900   3rd Qu.:  1.000   3rd Qu.:0.8440  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :400.000   Max.   :0.9620  
##                                     NA's   :14      
##  Mean.years.of.schooling...2021   GNI...2021     Population...2023 
##  Min.   : 2.100                 Min.   :   732   Length:193        
##  1st Qu.: 6.400                 1st Qu.:  4593   Class :character  
##  Median : 9.400                 Median : 12672   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 9.028                 Mean   : 20812                     
##  3rd Qu.:11.600                 3rd Qu.: 30588                     
##  Max.   :14.100                 Max.   :146830                     
##  NA's   :14                     NA's   :14
# melihat struktur data
str(IQ)
## 'data.frame':    193 obs. of  10 variables:
##  $ Rank                          : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ Country                       : chr  "Japan" "Taiwan" "Singapore" "Hong Kong" ...
##  $ Average.IQ                    : num  106 106 106 105 104 ...
##  $ Continent                     : chr  "Asia" "Asia" "Asia" "Asia" ...
##  $ Literacy.Rate                 : num  0.99 0.96 0.97 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 1 1 0.99 ...
##  $ Nobel.Prices                  : int  29 4 0 1 8 0 2 5 0 111 ...
##  $ HDI..2021.                    : num  0.925 NA 0.939 0.952 0.768 0.925 0.808 0.94 0.935 0.942 ...
##  $ Mean.years.of.schooling...2021: num  13.4 NA 11.9 12.2 7.6 12.5 12.1 12.9 12.5 14.1 ...
##  $ GNI...2021                    : num  42274 NA 90919 62607 17504 ...
##  $ Population...2023             : chr  "123294513" "10143543" "6014723" "7491609" ...

Recoding

Setelah melihat struktur data, ternyata pada beberapa kolom terdapat missing value (NA). Oleh karena itu, dilakukan perubahan data dari NA menjadi 0 pada kolom tersebut.

# mengubah nilai NA menjadi 0
library(tidyverse)
## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'tibble' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'stringr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'forcats' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'lubridate' was built under R version 4.3.2
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.4
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.0
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
IQ %>% filter(is.na(HDI..2021.))
##    Rank                  Country Average.IQ       Continent Literacy.Rate
## 1     2                   Taiwan     106.47            Asia          0.96
## 2    14                    Macao      99.82            Asia          0.97
## 3    21              North Korea      98.82            Asia          1.00
## 4    42            New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania          0.97
## 5    45                  Bermuda      93.48   North America          0.98
## 6    85 Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America          0.98
## 7    97           Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America          0.99
## 8   102              Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America          0.93
## 9   108 Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania          0.97
## 10  125               East Timor      78.49            Asia          0.64
## 11  133   British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America          0.98
## 12  162             Saint Helena      68.74          Africa          0.97
## 13  168                  Somalia      67.67          Africa          0.38
## 14  186          Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa          0.43
##    Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021
## 1             4         NA                             NA         NA
## 2             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 3             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 4             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 5             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 6             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 7             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 8             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 9             0         NA                             NA         NA
## 10            0         NA                             NA         NA
## 11            0         NA                             NA         NA
## 12            0         NA                             NA         NA
## 13            0         NA                             NA         NA
## 14            0         NA                             NA         NA
##    Population...2023
## 1           10143543
## 2             704.15
## 3           26160822
## 4            292.991
## 5             63.837
## 6             44.104
## 7              69310
## 8            3260314
## 9             49.796
## 10           1360596
## 11             32291
## 12             6.115
## 13          18143379
## 14          28873034
IQ[2,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[14,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[21,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[42,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[45,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[85,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[97,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[102,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[108,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[125,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[133,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[162,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[168,"HDI..2021."] <- 0 ; IQ[186,"HDI..2021."] <- 0
IQ
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      2                           Taiwan     106.47            Asia
## 3      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 4      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 5      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 6      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 7      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 8      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 9      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 10    10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 11    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 12    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 13    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 14    14                            Macao      99.82            Asia
## 15    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 16    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 17    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 18    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 19    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 20    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 21    21                      North Korea      98.82            Asia
## 22    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 23    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 24    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 25    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 26    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 27    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 28    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 29    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 30    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 31    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 32    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 33    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 34    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 35    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 36    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 37    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 38    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 39    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 40    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 41    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 42    42                    New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania
## 43    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 44    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 45    45                          Bermuda      93.48   North America
## 46    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 47    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 48    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 49    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 50    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 51    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 52    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 53    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 54    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 55    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 56    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 57    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 58    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 59    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 60    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 61    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 62    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 63    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 64    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 65    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 66    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 67    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 68    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 69    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 70    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 71    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 72    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 73    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 74    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 75    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 76    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 77    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 78    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 79    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 80    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 81    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 82    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 83    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 84    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 85    85         Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America
## 86    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 87    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 88    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 89    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 90    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 91    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 92    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 93    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 94    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 95    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 96    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 97    97                   Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America
## 98    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 99    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 100  100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 101  101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 102  102                      Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America
## 103  103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 104  104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 105  105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 106  106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 107  107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 108  108         Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania
## 109  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 110  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 111  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 112  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 113  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 114  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 115  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 116  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 117  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 118  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 119  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 120  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 121  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 122  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 123  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 124  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 125  125                       East Timor      78.49            Asia
## 126  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 127  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 128  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 129  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 130  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 131  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 132  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 133  133           British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America
## 134  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 135  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 136  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 137  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 138  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 139  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 140  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 141  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 142  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 143  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 144  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 145  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 146  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 147  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 148  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 149  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 150  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 151  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 152  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 153  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 154  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 155  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 156  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 157  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 158  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 159  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 160  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 161  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 162  162                     Saint Helena      68.74          Africa
## 163  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 164  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 165  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 166  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 167  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 168  168                          Somalia      67.67          Africa
## 169  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 170  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 171  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 172  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 173  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 174  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 175  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 176  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 177  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 178  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 179  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 180  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 181  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 182  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 183  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 184  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 185  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 186  186                  Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa
## 187  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 188  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 189  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 190  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 191  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 192  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 193  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.96            4      0.000                             NA
## 3            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 4            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 5            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 6            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 7            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 8            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 9            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 10           0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 11           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 12           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 13           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 14           0.97            0      0.000                             NA
## 15           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 16           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 17           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 18           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 19           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 20           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 21           1.00            0      0.000                             NA
## 22           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 23           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 24           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 25           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 26           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 27           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 28           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 29           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 30           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 31           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 32           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 33           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 34           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 35           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 36           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 37           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 38           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 39           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 40           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 41           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 42           0.97            0      0.000                             NA
## 43           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 44           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 45           0.98            0      0.000                             NA
## 46           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 47           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 48           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 49           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 50           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 51           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 52           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 53           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 54           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 55           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 56           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 57           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 58           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 59           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 60           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 61           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 62           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 63           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 64           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 65           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 66           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 67           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 68           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 69           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 70           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 71           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 72           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 73           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 74           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 75           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 76           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 77           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 78           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 79           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 80           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 81           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 82           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 83           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 84           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 85           0.98            0      0.000                             NA
## 86           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 87           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 88           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 89           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 90           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 91           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 92           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 93           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 94           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 95           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 96           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 97           0.99            0      0.000                             NA
## 98           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 99           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 100          0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 101          0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 102          0.93            0      0.000                             NA
## 103          0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 104          0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 105          0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 106          0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 107          0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 108          0.97            0      0.000                             NA
## 109          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 110          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 111          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 112          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 113          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 114          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 115          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 116          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 117          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 118          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 119          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 120          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 121          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 122          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 123          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 124          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 125          0.64            0      0.000                             NA
## 126          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 127          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 128          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 129          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 130          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 131          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 132          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 133          0.98            0      0.000                             NA
## 134          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 135          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 136          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 137          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 138          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 139          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 140          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 141          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 142          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 143          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 144          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 145          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 146          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 147          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 148          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 149          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 150          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 151          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 152          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 153          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 154          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 155          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 156          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 157          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 158          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 159          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 160          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 161          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 162          0.97            0      0.000                             NA
## 163          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 164          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 165          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 166          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 167          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 168          0.38            0      0.000                             NA
## 169          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 170          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 171          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 172          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 173          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 174          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 175          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 176          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 177          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 178          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 179          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 180          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 181          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 182          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 183          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 184          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 185          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 186          0.43            0      0.000                             NA
## 187          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 188          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 189          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 190          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 191          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 192          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 193          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2           NA          10143543
## 3        90919           6014723
## 4        62607           7491609
## 5        17504        1425671352
## 6        44501          51784059
## 7        18849           9498238
## 8        49452           5545475
## 9       146830           \t39315
## 10       54534          83294633
## 11       55979          17618299
## 12       38048           1322766
## 13       84649           654.768
## 14          NA            704.15
## 15        4079          16944826
## 16       46808          38781292
## 17       49238          26439112
## 18       32789          10156239
## 19       66933           8796669
## 20       45225          67736802
## 21          NA          26160822
## 22       39746           2119675
## 23       44057           5228100
## 24       53619           8958961
## 25       55782           375.319
## 26       60365           5910913
## 27       52293          11686140
## 28       64765         339996564
## 29       64660           5474360
## 30       54489          10612086
## 31       45937          64756584
## 32       33034          41026068
## 33       30690           5795199
## 34       27166         144444359
## 35       37931           2718352
## 36       30132           4008617
## 37       51167            76.965
## 38       76169           5056935
## 39       38745          10495295
## 40       32803           1830212
## 41       42840          58870763
## 42          NA           292.991
## 43        3085           334.506
## 44       38354          47519628
## 45          NA            63.837
## 46       38188           1260138
## 47       33155          10247605
## 48       41524           9174520
## 49       12306           281.996
## 50       38884           535.065
## 51        3851          54577997
## 52       10588           3447157
## 53       23079           6687717
## 54       29002          10341277
## 55       12672           623.237
## 56       13256          36744634
## 57       14875           3435931
## 58       19123           7149077
## 59        7867          98858950
## 60        9977          45504560
## 61        7917          35163944
## 62       23943          19606634
## 63       17030          71801279
## 64       13158           2777971
## 65       15242           3210848
## 66       19974           5212173
## 67        9438           787.425
## 68       24563          19629590
## 69       17896         128455567
## 70        4548          10143543
## 71       21269           3423109
## 72       64490           452.524
## 73       26658          34308525
## 74       30486           412.624
## 75       30027          19892812
## 76       31033          85816199
## 77       20925          45773884
## 78       12578          21893579
## 79       22025           1300557
## 80       13021           6516100
## 81       20839           626.485
## 82       23392           1534937
## 83       14257          10412652
## 84       14664           3728282
## 85          NA            44.104
## 86       12349           6861524
## 87        3696           115.224
## 88        9980           936.375
## 89        4620            41.996
## 90        2482           740.425
## 91        7879          11194449
## 92       39497           1485510
## 93       14370         216422446
## 94       22465           813.834
## 95       14384          52085168
## 96        4811          28838499
## 97          NA             69310
## 98        1824          42239854
## 99        2848          11724764
## 100      17990          11332973
## 101      62574           9516871
## 102         NA           3260314
## 103      15918           2085679
## 104      14131           2832439
## 105       9526           5353930
## 106       8920         117337368
## 107      12246          34352719
## 108         NA            49.796
## 109       7700           7633779
## 110      15336           6888388
## 111      87134           2716391
## 112       9924          11337053
## 113      15448           521.022
## 114      13001          89172767
## 115       4624         240485658
## 116      13484           126.184
## 117      10258          12458223
## 118       4566           6735348
## 119      26957           4468087
## 120       1364          18278568
## 121       3575          48109006
## 122      25831            107.66
## 123      27054           4644384
## 124      52920           4310108
## 125         NA           1360596
## 126      11466         277534123
## 127       4009          10329931
## 128      10312          18190484
## 129       6583           5040000
## 130       3344          17763163
## 131       3142           852.075
## 132       1484          30325732
## 133         NA             32291
## 134       8111          12388571
## 135       2181          48582334
## 136      46112          36947025
## 137      11732         112716599
## 138       6590        1428627663
## 139      10800          45606481
## 140       4474          55100587
## 141       5466          36684203
## 142       8834           2825544
## 143       2664          67438106
## 144       4192          23227014
## 145       5472         172954319
## 146       3810          16665409
## 147       2118          23251485
## 148      12048           180.251
## 149       1198          33897354
## 150        732          13238559
## 151       1240          27202843
## 152      16792            94.298
## 153       2210          14094683
## 154       3409          13712828
## 155       1466          20931751
## 156       8296           6364943
## 157      16198           2675353
## 158       2700           2330318
## 159      12948          60414495
## 160       7679           1210822
## 161       1729           3748902
## 162         NA             6.115
## 163       3218          20569738
## 164       2361         126527060
## 165       5025           1136455
## 166       3621          28647293
## 167       4790         223804632
## 168         NA          18143379
## 169       7303          37840044
## 170       8634           2604172
## 171      11488            73.161
## 172       4021           231.856
## 173       2889           6106869
## 174      11961           103.699
## 175      13367           2436567
## 176       1076         102262809
## 177       1314          34449825
## 178       6309           410.825
## 179        966           5742316
## 180       5298          10593798
## 181       2167           9053799
## 182       2133          23293699
## 183       5075           4862989
## 184        768          11088796
## 185       5745          34121985
## 186         NA          28873034
## 187       2481          14190612
## 188       5625           7046311
## 189       2172           2773168
## 190       8723          18092026
## 191       1289           5418377
## 192       1622           8791092
## 193       3877          30896590
IQ %>% filter(is.na(Mean.years.of.schooling...2021))
##    Rank                  Country Average.IQ       Continent Literacy.Rate
## 1     2                   Taiwan     106.47            Asia          0.96
## 2    14                    Macao      99.82            Asia          0.97
## 3    21              North Korea      98.82            Asia          1.00
## 4    42            New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania          0.97
## 5    45                  Bermuda      93.48   North America          0.98
## 6    85 Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America          0.98
## 7    97           Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America          0.99
## 8   102              Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America          0.93
## 9   108 Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania          0.97
## 10  125               East Timor      78.49            Asia          0.64
## 11  133   British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America          0.98
## 12  162             Saint Helena      68.74          Africa          0.97
## 13  168                  Somalia      67.67          Africa          0.38
## 14  186          Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa          0.43
##    Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021
## 1             4          0                             NA         NA
## 2             0          0                             NA         NA
## 3             0          0                             NA         NA
## 4             0          0                             NA         NA
## 5             0          0                             NA         NA
## 6             0          0                             NA         NA
## 7             0          0                             NA         NA
## 8             0          0                             NA         NA
## 9             0          0                             NA         NA
## 10            0          0                             NA         NA
## 11            0          0                             NA         NA
## 12            0          0                             NA         NA
## 13            0          0                             NA         NA
## 14            0          0                             NA         NA
##    Population...2023
## 1           10143543
## 2             704.15
## 3           26160822
## 4            292.991
## 5             63.837
## 6             44.104
## 7              69310
## 8            3260314
## 9             49.796
## 10           1360596
## 11             32291
## 12             6.115
## 13          18143379
## 14          28873034
IQ[2,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[14,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[21,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[42,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[45,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[85,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[97,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[102,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[108,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[125,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[133,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[162,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[168,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[186,"Mean.years.of.schooling...2021"] <- 0
IQ
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      2                           Taiwan     106.47            Asia
## 3      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 4      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 5      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 6      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 7      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 8      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 9      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 10    10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 11    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 12    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 13    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 14    14                            Macao      99.82            Asia
## 15    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 16    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 17    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 18    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 19    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 20    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 21    21                      North Korea      98.82            Asia
## 22    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 23    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 24    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 25    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 26    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 27    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 28    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 29    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 30    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 31    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 32    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 33    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 34    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 35    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 36    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 37    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 38    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 39    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 40    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 41    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 42    42                    New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania
## 43    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 44    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 45    45                          Bermuda      93.48   North America
## 46    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 47    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 48    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 49    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 50    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 51    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 52    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 53    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 54    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 55    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 56    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 57    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 58    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 59    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 60    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 61    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 62    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 63    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 64    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 65    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 66    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 67    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 68    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 69    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 70    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 71    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 72    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 73    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 74    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 75    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 76    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 77    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 78    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 79    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 80    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 81    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 82    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 83    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 84    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 85    85         Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America
## 86    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 87    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 88    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 89    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 90    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 91    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 92    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 93    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 94    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 95    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 96    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 97    97                   Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America
## 98    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 99    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 100  100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 101  101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 102  102                      Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America
## 103  103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 104  104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 105  105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 106  106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 107  107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 108  108         Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania
## 109  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 110  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 111  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 112  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 113  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 114  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 115  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 116  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 117  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 118  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 119  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 120  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 121  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 122  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 123  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 124  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 125  125                       East Timor      78.49            Asia
## 126  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 127  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 128  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 129  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 130  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 131  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 132  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 133  133           British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America
## 134  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 135  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 136  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 137  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 138  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 139  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 140  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 141  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 142  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 143  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 144  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 145  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 146  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 147  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 148  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 149  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 150  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 151  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 152  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 153  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 154  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 155  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 156  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 157  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 158  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 159  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 160  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 161  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 162  162                     Saint Helena      68.74          Africa
## 163  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 164  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 165  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 166  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 167  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 168  168                          Somalia      67.67          Africa
## 169  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 170  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 171  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 172  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 173  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 174  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 175  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 176  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 177  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 178  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 179  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 180  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 181  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 182  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 183  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 184  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 185  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 186  186                  Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa
## 187  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 188  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 189  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 190  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 191  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 192  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 193  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.96            4      0.000                            0.0
## 3            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 4            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 5            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 6            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 7            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 8            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 9            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 10           0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 11           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 12           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 13           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 14           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 15           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 16           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 17           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 18           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 19           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 20           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 21           1.00            0      0.000                            0.0
## 22           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 23           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 24           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 25           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 26           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 27           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 28           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 29           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 30           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 31           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 32           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 33           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 34           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 35           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 36           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 37           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 38           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 39           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 40           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 41           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 42           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 43           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 44           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 45           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 46           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 47           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 48           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 49           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 50           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 51           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 52           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 53           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 54           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 55           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 56           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 57           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 58           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 59           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 60           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 61           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 62           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 63           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 64           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 65           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 66           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 67           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 68           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 69           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 70           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 71           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 72           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 73           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 74           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 75           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 76           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 77           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 78           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 79           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 80           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 81           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 82           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 83           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 84           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 85           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 86           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 87           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 88           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 89           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 90           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 91           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 92           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 93           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 94           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 95           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 96           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 97           0.99            0      0.000                            0.0
## 98           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 99           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 100          0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 101          0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 102          0.93            0      0.000                            0.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 104          0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 105          0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 106          0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 107          0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 108          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 109          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 110          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 111          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 112          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 113          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 114          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 115          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 116          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 117          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 118          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 119          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 120          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 121          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 122          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 123          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 124          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 125          0.64            0      0.000                            0.0
## 126          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 127          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 128          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 129          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 130          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 131          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 132          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 133          0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 134          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 135          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 136          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 137          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 138          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 139          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 140          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 141          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 142          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 143          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 144          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 145          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 146          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 147          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 148          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 149          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 150          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 151          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 152          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 153          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 154          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 155          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 156          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 157          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 158          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 159          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 160          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 161          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 162          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 163          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 164          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 165          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 166          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 167          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 168          0.38            0      0.000                            0.0
## 169          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 170          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 171          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 172          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 173          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 174          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 175          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 176          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 177          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 178          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 179          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 180          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 181          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 182          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 183          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 184          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 185          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 186          0.43            0      0.000                            0.0
## 187          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 188          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 189          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 190          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 191          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 192          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 193          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2           NA          10143543
## 3        90919           6014723
## 4        62607           7491609
## 5        17504        1425671352
## 6        44501          51784059
## 7        18849           9498238
## 8        49452           5545475
## 9       146830           \t39315
## 10       54534          83294633
## 11       55979          17618299
## 12       38048           1322766
## 13       84649           654.768
## 14          NA            704.15
## 15        4079          16944826
## 16       46808          38781292
## 17       49238          26439112
## 18       32789          10156239
## 19       66933           8796669
## 20       45225          67736802
## 21          NA          26160822
## 22       39746           2119675
## 23       44057           5228100
## 24       53619           8958961
## 25       55782           375.319
## 26       60365           5910913
## 27       52293          11686140
## 28       64765         339996564
## 29       64660           5474360
## 30       54489          10612086
## 31       45937          64756584
## 32       33034          41026068
## 33       30690           5795199
## 34       27166         144444359
## 35       37931           2718352
## 36       30132           4008617
## 37       51167            76.965
## 38       76169           5056935
## 39       38745          10495295
## 40       32803           1830212
## 41       42840          58870763
## 42          NA           292.991
## 43        3085           334.506
## 44       38354          47519628
## 45          NA            63.837
## 46       38188           1260138
## 47       33155          10247605
## 48       41524           9174520
## 49       12306           281.996
## 50       38884           535.065
## 51        3851          54577997
## 52       10588           3447157
## 53       23079           6687717
## 54       29002          10341277
## 55       12672           623.237
## 56       13256          36744634
## 57       14875           3435931
## 58       19123           7149077
## 59        7867          98858950
## 60        9977          45504560
## 61        7917          35163944
## 62       23943          19606634
## 63       17030          71801279
## 64       13158           2777971
## 65       15242           3210848
## 66       19974           5212173
## 67        9438           787.425
## 68       24563          19629590
## 69       17896         128455567
## 70        4548          10143543
## 71       21269           3423109
## 72       64490           452.524
## 73       26658          34308525
## 74       30486           412.624
## 75       30027          19892812
## 76       31033          85816199
## 77       20925          45773884
## 78       12578          21893579
## 79       22025           1300557
## 80       13021           6516100
## 81       20839           626.485
## 82       23392           1534937
## 83       14257          10412652
## 84       14664           3728282
## 85          NA            44.104
## 86       12349           6861524
## 87        3696           115.224
## 88        9980           936.375
## 89        4620            41.996
## 90        2482           740.425
## 91        7879          11194449
## 92       39497           1485510
## 93       14370         216422446
## 94       22465           813.834
## 95       14384          52085168
## 96        4811          28838499
## 97          NA             69310
## 98        1824          42239854
## 99        2848          11724764
## 100      17990          11332973
## 101      62574           9516871
## 102         NA           3260314
## 103      15918           2085679
## 104      14131           2832439
## 105       9526           5353930
## 106       8920         117337368
## 107      12246          34352719
## 108         NA            49.796
## 109       7700           7633779
## 110      15336           6888388
## 111      87134           2716391
## 112       9924          11337053
## 113      15448           521.022
## 114      13001          89172767
## 115       4624         240485658
## 116      13484           126.184
## 117      10258          12458223
## 118       4566           6735348
## 119      26957           4468087
## 120       1364          18278568
## 121       3575          48109006
## 122      25831            107.66
## 123      27054           4644384
## 124      52920           4310108
## 125         NA           1360596
## 126      11466         277534123
## 127       4009          10329931
## 128      10312          18190484
## 129       6583           5040000
## 130       3344          17763163
## 131       3142           852.075
## 132       1484          30325732
## 133         NA             32291
## 134       8111          12388571
## 135       2181          48582334
## 136      46112          36947025
## 137      11732         112716599
## 138       6590        1428627663
## 139      10800          45606481
## 140       4474          55100587
## 141       5466          36684203
## 142       8834           2825544
## 143       2664          67438106
## 144       4192          23227014
## 145       5472         172954319
## 146       3810          16665409
## 147       2118          23251485
## 148      12048           180.251
## 149       1198          33897354
## 150        732          13238559
## 151       1240          27202843
## 152      16792            94.298
## 153       2210          14094683
## 154       3409          13712828
## 155       1466          20931751
## 156       8296           6364943
## 157      16198           2675353
## 158       2700           2330318
## 159      12948          60414495
## 160       7679           1210822
## 161       1729           3748902
## 162         NA             6.115
## 163       3218          20569738
## 164       2361         126527060
## 165       5025           1136455
## 166       3621          28647293
## 167       4790         223804632
## 168         NA          18143379
## 169       7303          37840044
## 170       8634           2604172
## 171      11488            73.161
## 172       4021           231.856
## 173       2889           6106869
## 174      11961           103.699
## 175      13367           2436567
## 176       1076         102262809
## 177       1314          34449825
## 178       6309           410.825
## 179        966           5742316
## 180       5298          10593798
## 181       2167           9053799
## 182       2133          23293699
## 183       5075           4862989
## 184        768          11088796
## 185       5745          34121985
## 186         NA          28873034
## 187       2481          14190612
## 188       5625           7046311
## 189       2172           2773168
## 190       8723          18092026
## 191       1289           5418377
## 192       1622           8791092
## 193       3877          30896590
IQ %>% filter(is.na(GNI...2021))
##    Rank                  Country Average.IQ       Continent Literacy.Rate
## 1     2                   Taiwan     106.47            Asia          0.96
## 2    14                    Macao      99.82            Asia          0.97
## 3    21              North Korea      98.82            Asia          1.00
## 4    42            New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania          0.97
## 5    45                  Bermuda      93.48   North America          0.98
## 6    85 Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America          0.98
## 7    97           Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America          0.99
## 8   102              Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America          0.93
## 9   108 Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania          0.97
## 10  125               East Timor      78.49            Asia          0.64
## 11  133   British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America          0.98
## 12  162             Saint Helena      68.74          Africa          0.97
## 13  168                  Somalia      67.67          Africa          0.38
## 14  186          Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa          0.43
##    Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021
## 1             4          0                              0         NA
## 2             0          0                              0         NA
## 3             0          0                              0         NA
## 4             0          0                              0         NA
## 5             0          0                              0         NA
## 6             0          0                              0         NA
## 7             0          0                              0         NA
## 8             0          0                              0         NA
## 9             0          0                              0         NA
## 10            0          0                              0         NA
## 11            0          0                              0         NA
## 12            0          0                              0         NA
## 13            0          0                              0         NA
## 14            0          0                              0         NA
##    Population...2023
## 1           10143543
## 2             704.15
## 3           26160822
## 4            292.991
## 5             63.837
## 6             44.104
## 7              69310
## 8            3260314
## 9             49.796
## 10           1360596
## 11             32291
## 12             6.115
## 13          18143379
## 14          28873034
IQ[2,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[14,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[21,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[42,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[45,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[85,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[97,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[102,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[108,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[125,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[133,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[162,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[168,"GNI...2021"] <- 0 ; IQ[186,"GNI...2021"] <- 0
IQ
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      2                           Taiwan     106.47            Asia
## 3      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 4      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 5      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 6      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 7      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 8      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 9      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 10    10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 11    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 12    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 13    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 14    14                            Macao      99.82            Asia
## 15    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 16    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 17    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 18    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 19    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 20    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 21    21                      North Korea      98.82            Asia
## 22    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 23    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 24    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 25    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 26    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 27    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 28    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 29    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 30    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 31    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 32    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 33    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 34    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 35    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 36    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 37    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 38    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 39    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 40    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 41    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 42    42                    New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania
## 43    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 44    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 45    45                          Bermuda      93.48   North America
## 46    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 47    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 48    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 49    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 50    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 51    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 52    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 53    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 54    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 55    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 56    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 57    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 58    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 59    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 60    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 61    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 62    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 63    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 64    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 65    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 66    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 67    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 68    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 69    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 70    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 71    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 72    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 73    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 74    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 75    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 76    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 77    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 78    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 79    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 80    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 81    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 82    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 83    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 84    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 85    85         Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America
## 86    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 87    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 88    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 89    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 90    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 91    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 92    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 93    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 94    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 95    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 96    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 97    97                   Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America
## 98    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 99    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 100  100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 101  101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 102  102                      Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America
## 103  103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 104  104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 105  105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 106  106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 107  107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 108  108         Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania
## 109  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 110  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 111  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 112  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 113  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 114  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 115  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 116  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 117  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 118  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 119  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 120  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 121  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 122  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 123  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 124  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 125  125                       East Timor      78.49            Asia
## 126  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 127  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 128  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 129  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 130  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 131  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 132  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 133  133           British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America
## 134  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 135  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 136  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 137  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 138  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 139  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 140  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 141  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 142  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 143  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 144  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 145  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 146  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 147  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 148  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 149  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 150  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 151  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 152  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 153  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 154  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 155  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 156  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 157  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 158  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 159  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 160  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 161  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 162  162                     Saint Helena      68.74          Africa
## 163  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 164  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 165  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 166  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 167  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 168  168                          Somalia      67.67          Africa
## 169  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 170  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 171  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 172  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 173  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 174  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 175  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 176  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 177  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 178  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 179  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 180  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 181  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 182  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 183  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 184  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 185  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 186  186                  Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa
## 187  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 188  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 189  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 190  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 191  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 192  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 193  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.96            4      0.000                            0.0
## 3            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 4            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 5            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 6            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 7            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 8            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 9            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 10           0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 11           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 12           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 13           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 14           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 15           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 16           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 17           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 18           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 19           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 20           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 21           1.00            0      0.000                            0.0
## 22           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 23           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 24           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 25           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 26           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 27           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 28           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 29           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 30           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 31           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 32           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 33           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 34           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 35           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 36           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 37           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 38           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 39           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 40           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 41           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 42           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 43           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 44           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 45           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 46           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 47           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 48           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 49           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 50           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 51           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 52           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 53           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 54           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 55           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 56           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 57           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 58           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 59           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 60           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 61           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 62           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 63           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 64           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 65           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 66           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 67           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 68           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 69           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 70           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 71           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 72           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 73           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 74           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 75           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 76           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 77           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 78           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 79           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 80           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 81           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 82           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 83           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 84           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 85           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 86           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 87           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 88           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 89           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 90           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 91           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 92           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 93           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 94           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 95           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 96           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 97           0.99            0      0.000                            0.0
## 98           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 99           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 100          0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 101          0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 102          0.93            0      0.000                            0.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 104          0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 105          0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 106          0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 107          0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 108          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 109          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 110          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 111          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 112          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 113          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 114          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 115          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 116          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 117          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 118          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 119          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 120          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 121          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 122          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 123          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 124          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 125          0.64            0      0.000                            0.0
## 126          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 127          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 128          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 129          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 130          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 131          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 132          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 133          0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 134          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 135          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 136          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 137          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 138          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 139          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 140          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 141          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 142          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 143          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 144          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 145          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 146          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 147          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 148          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 149          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 150          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 151          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 152          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 153          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 154          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 155          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 156          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 157          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 158          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 159          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 160          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 161          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 162          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 163          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 164          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 165          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 166          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 167          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 168          0.38            0      0.000                            0.0
## 169          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 170          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 171          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 172          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 173          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 174          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 175          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 176          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 177          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 178          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 179          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 180          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 181          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 182          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 183          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 184          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 185          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 186          0.43            0      0.000                            0.0
## 187          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 188          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 189          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 190          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 191          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 192          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 193          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2            0          10143543
## 3        90919           6014723
## 4        62607           7491609
## 5        17504        1425671352
## 6        44501          51784059
## 7        18849           9498238
## 8        49452           5545475
## 9       146830           \t39315
## 10       54534          83294633
## 11       55979          17618299
## 12       38048           1322766
## 13       84649           654.768
## 14           0            704.15
## 15        4079          16944826
## 16       46808          38781292
## 17       49238          26439112
## 18       32789          10156239
## 19       66933           8796669
## 20       45225          67736802
## 21           0          26160822
## 22       39746           2119675
## 23       44057           5228100
## 24       53619           8958961
## 25       55782           375.319
## 26       60365           5910913
## 27       52293          11686140
## 28       64765         339996564
## 29       64660           5474360
## 30       54489          10612086
## 31       45937          64756584
## 32       33034          41026068
## 33       30690           5795199
## 34       27166         144444359
## 35       37931           2718352
## 36       30132           4008617
## 37       51167            76.965
## 38       76169           5056935
## 39       38745          10495295
## 40       32803           1830212
## 41       42840          58870763
## 42           0           292.991
## 43        3085           334.506
## 44       38354          47519628
## 45           0            63.837
## 46       38188           1260138
## 47       33155          10247605
## 48       41524           9174520
## 49       12306           281.996
## 50       38884           535.065
## 51        3851          54577997
## 52       10588           3447157
## 53       23079           6687717
## 54       29002          10341277
## 55       12672           623.237
## 56       13256          36744634
## 57       14875           3435931
## 58       19123           7149077
## 59        7867          98858950
## 60        9977          45504560
## 61        7917          35163944
## 62       23943          19606634
## 63       17030          71801279
## 64       13158           2777971
## 65       15242           3210848
## 66       19974           5212173
## 67        9438           787.425
## 68       24563          19629590
## 69       17896         128455567
## 70        4548          10143543
## 71       21269           3423109
## 72       64490           452.524
## 73       26658          34308525
## 74       30486           412.624
## 75       30027          19892812
## 76       31033          85816199
## 77       20925          45773884
## 78       12578          21893579
## 79       22025           1300557
## 80       13021           6516100
## 81       20839           626.485
## 82       23392           1534937
## 83       14257          10412652
## 84       14664           3728282
## 85           0            44.104
## 86       12349           6861524
## 87        3696           115.224
## 88        9980           936.375
## 89        4620            41.996
## 90        2482           740.425
## 91        7879          11194449
## 92       39497           1485510
## 93       14370         216422446
## 94       22465           813.834
## 95       14384          52085168
## 96        4811          28838499
## 97           0             69310
## 98        1824          42239854
## 99        2848          11724764
## 100      17990          11332973
## 101      62574           9516871
## 102          0           3260314
## 103      15918           2085679
## 104      14131           2832439
## 105       9526           5353930
## 106       8920         117337368
## 107      12246          34352719
## 108          0            49.796
## 109       7700           7633779
## 110      15336           6888388
## 111      87134           2716391
## 112       9924          11337053
## 113      15448           521.022
## 114      13001          89172767
## 115       4624         240485658
## 116      13484           126.184
## 117      10258          12458223
## 118       4566           6735348
## 119      26957           4468087
## 120       1364          18278568
## 121       3575          48109006
## 122      25831            107.66
## 123      27054           4644384
## 124      52920           4310108
## 125          0           1360596
## 126      11466         277534123
## 127       4009          10329931
## 128      10312          18190484
## 129       6583           5040000
## 130       3344          17763163
## 131       3142           852.075
## 132       1484          30325732
## 133          0             32291
## 134       8111          12388571
## 135       2181          48582334
## 136      46112          36947025
## 137      11732         112716599
## 138       6590        1428627663
## 139      10800          45606481
## 140       4474          55100587
## 141       5466          36684203
## 142       8834           2825544
## 143       2664          67438106
## 144       4192          23227014
## 145       5472         172954319
## 146       3810          16665409
## 147       2118          23251485
## 148      12048           180.251
## 149       1198          33897354
## 150        732          13238559
## 151       1240          27202843
## 152      16792            94.298
## 153       2210          14094683
## 154       3409          13712828
## 155       1466          20931751
## 156       8296           6364943
## 157      16198           2675353
## 158       2700           2330318
## 159      12948          60414495
## 160       7679           1210822
## 161       1729           3748902
## 162          0             6.115
## 163       3218          20569738
## 164       2361         126527060
## 165       5025           1136455
## 166       3621          28647293
## 167       4790         223804632
## 168          0          18143379
## 169       7303          37840044
## 170       8634           2604172
## 171      11488            73.161
## 172       4021           231.856
## 173       2889           6106869
## 174      11961           103.699
## 175      13367           2436567
## 176       1076         102262809
## 177       1314          34449825
## 178       6309           410.825
## 179        966           5742316
## 180       5298          10593798
## 181       2167           9053799
## 182       2133          23293699
## 183       5075           4862989
## 184        768          11088796
## 185       5745          34121985
## 186          0          28873034
## 187       2481          14190612
## 188       5625           7046311
## 189       2172           2773168
## 190       8723          18092026
## 191       1289           5418377
## 192       1622           8791092
## 193       3877          30896590
IQ[9,"Population...2023"] <- 39315
IQ
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      2                           Taiwan     106.47            Asia
## 3      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 4      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 5      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 6      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 7      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 8      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 9      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 10    10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 11    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 12    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 13    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 14    14                            Macao      99.82            Asia
## 15    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 16    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 17    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 18    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 19    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 20    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 21    21                      North Korea      98.82            Asia
## 22    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 23    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 24    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 25    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 26    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 27    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 28    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 29    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 30    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 31    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 32    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 33    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 34    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 35    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 36    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 37    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 38    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 39    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 40    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 41    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 42    42                    New Caledonia      93.92         Oceania
## 43    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 44    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 45    45                          Bermuda      93.48   North America
## 46    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 47    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 48    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 49    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 50    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 51    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 52    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 53    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 54    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 55    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 56    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 57    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 58    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 59    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 60    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 61    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 62    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 63    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 64    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 65    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 66    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 67    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 68    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 69    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 70    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 71    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 72    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 73    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 74    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 75    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 76    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 77    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 78    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 79    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 80    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 81    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 82    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 83    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 84    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 85    85         Turks and Caicos Islands      84.29 Central America
## 86    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 87    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 88    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 89    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 90    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 91    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 92    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 93    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 94    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 95    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 96    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 97    97                   Cayman Islands      82.24 Central America
## 98    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 99    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 100  100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 101  101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 102  102                      Puerto Rico      81.99 Central America
## 103  103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 104  104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 105  105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 106  106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 107  107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 108  108         Northern Mariana Islands      81.36         Oceania
## 109  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 110  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 111  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 112  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 113  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 114  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 115  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 116  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 117  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 118  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 119  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 120  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 121  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 122  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 123  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 124  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 125  125                       East Timor      78.49            Asia
## 126  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 127  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 128  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 129  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 130  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 131  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 132  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 133  133           British Virgin Islands      76.69 Central America
## 134  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 135  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 136  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 137  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 138  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 139  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 140  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 141  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 142  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 143  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 144  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 145  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 146  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 147  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 148  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 149  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 150  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 151  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 152  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 153  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 154  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 155  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 156  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 157  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 158  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 159  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 160  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 161  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 162  162                     Saint Helena      68.74          Africa
## 163  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 164  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 165  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 166  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 167  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 168  168                          Somalia      67.67          Africa
## 169  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 170  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 171  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 172  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 173  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 174  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 175  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 176  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 177  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 178  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 179  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 180  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 181  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 182  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 183  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 184  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 185  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 186  186                  Costa do Marfim      58.16          Africa
## 187  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 188  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 189  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 190  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 191  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 192  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 193  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.96            4      0.000                            0.0
## 3            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 4            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 5            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 6            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 7            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 8            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 9            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 10           0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 11           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 12           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 13           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 14           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 15           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 16           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 17           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 18           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 19           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 20           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 21           1.00            0      0.000                            0.0
## 22           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 23           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 24           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 25           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 26           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 27           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 28           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 29           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 30           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 31           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 32           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 33           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 34           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 35           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 36           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 37           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 38           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 39           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 40           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 41           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 42           0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 43           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 44           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 45           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 46           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 47           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 48           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 49           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 50           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 51           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 52           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 53           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 54           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 55           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 56           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 57           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 58           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 59           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 60           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 61           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 62           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 63           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 64           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 65           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 66           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 67           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 68           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 69           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 70           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 71           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 72           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 73           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 74           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 75           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 76           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 77           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 78           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 79           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 80           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 81           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 82           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 83           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 84           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 85           0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 86           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 87           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 88           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 89           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 90           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 91           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 92           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 93           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 94           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 95           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 96           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 97           0.99            0      0.000                            0.0
## 98           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 99           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 100          0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 101          0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 102          0.93            0      0.000                            0.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 104          0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 105          0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 106          0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 107          0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 108          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 109          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 110          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 111          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 112          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 113          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 114          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 115          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 116          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 117          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 118          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 119          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 120          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 121          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 122          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 123          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 124          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 125          0.64            0      0.000                            0.0
## 126          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 127          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 128          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 129          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 130          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 131          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 132          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 133          0.98            0      0.000                            0.0
## 134          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 135          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 136          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 137          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 138          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 139          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 140          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 141          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 142          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 143          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 144          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 145          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 146          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 147          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 148          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 149          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 150          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 151          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 152          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 153          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 154          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 155          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 156          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 157          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 158          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 159          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 160          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 161          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 162          0.97            0      0.000                            0.0
## 163          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 164          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 165          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 166          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 167          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 168          0.38            0      0.000                            0.0
## 169          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 170          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 171          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 172          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 173          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 174          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 175          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 176          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 177          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 178          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 179          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 180          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 181          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 182          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 183          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 184          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 185          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 186          0.43            0      0.000                            0.0
## 187          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 188          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 189          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 190          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 191          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 192          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 193          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2            0          10143543
## 3        90919           6014723
## 4        62607           7491609
## 5        17504        1425671352
## 6        44501          51784059
## 7        18849           9498238
## 8        49452           5545475
## 9       146830             39315
## 10       54534          83294633
## 11       55979          17618299
## 12       38048           1322766
## 13       84649           654.768
## 14           0            704.15
## 15        4079          16944826
## 16       46808          38781292
## 17       49238          26439112
## 18       32789          10156239
## 19       66933           8796669
## 20       45225          67736802
## 21           0          26160822
## 22       39746           2119675
## 23       44057           5228100
## 24       53619           8958961
## 25       55782           375.319
## 26       60365           5910913
## 27       52293          11686140
## 28       64765         339996564
## 29       64660           5474360
## 30       54489          10612086
## 31       45937          64756584
## 32       33034          41026068
## 33       30690           5795199
## 34       27166         144444359
## 35       37931           2718352
## 36       30132           4008617
## 37       51167            76.965
## 38       76169           5056935
## 39       38745          10495295
## 40       32803           1830212
## 41       42840          58870763
## 42           0           292.991
## 43        3085           334.506
## 44       38354          47519628
## 45           0            63.837
## 46       38188           1260138
## 47       33155          10247605
## 48       41524           9174520
## 49       12306           281.996
## 50       38884           535.065
## 51        3851          54577997
## 52       10588           3447157
## 53       23079           6687717
## 54       29002          10341277
## 55       12672           623.237
## 56       13256          36744634
## 57       14875           3435931
## 58       19123           7149077
## 59        7867          98858950
## 60        9977          45504560
## 61        7917          35163944
## 62       23943          19606634
## 63       17030          71801279
## 64       13158           2777971
## 65       15242           3210848
## 66       19974           5212173
## 67        9438           787.425
## 68       24563          19629590
## 69       17896         128455567
## 70        4548          10143543
## 71       21269           3423109
## 72       64490           452.524
## 73       26658          34308525
## 74       30486           412.624
## 75       30027          19892812
## 76       31033          85816199
## 77       20925          45773884
## 78       12578          21893579
## 79       22025           1300557
## 80       13021           6516100
## 81       20839           626.485
## 82       23392           1534937
## 83       14257          10412652
## 84       14664           3728282
## 85           0            44.104
## 86       12349           6861524
## 87        3696           115.224
## 88        9980           936.375
## 89        4620            41.996
## 90        2482           740.425
## 91        7879          11194449
## 92       39497           1485510
## 93       14370         216422446
## 94       22465           813.834
## 95       14384          52085168
## 96        4811          28838499
## 97           0             69310
## 98        1824          42239854
## 99        2848          11724764
## 100      17990          11332973
## 101      62574           9516871
## 102          0           3260314
## 103      15918           2085679
## 104      14131           2832439
## 105       9526           5353930
## 106       8920         117337368
## 107      12246          34352719
## 108          0            49.796
## 109       7700           7633779
## 110      15336           6888388
## 111      87134           2716391
## 112       9924          11337053
## 113      15448           521.022
## 114      13001          89172767
## 115       4624         240485658
## 116      13484           126.184
## 117      10258          12458223
## 118       4566           6735348
## 119      26957           4468087
## 120       1364          18278568
## 121       3575          48109006
## 122      25831            107.66
## 123      27054           4644384
## 124      52920           4310108
## 125          0           1360596
## 126      11466         277534123
## 127       4009          10329931
## 128      10312          18190484
## 129       6583           5040000
## 130       3344          17763163
## 131       3142           852.075
## 132       1484          30325732
## 133          0             32291
## 134       8111          12388571
## 135       2181          48582334
## 136      46112          36947025
## 137      11732         112716599
## 138       6590        1428627663
## 139      10800          45606481
## 140       4474          55100587
## 141       5466          36684203
## 142       8834           2825544
## 143       2664          67438106
## 144       4192          23227014
## 145       5472         172954319
## 146       3810          16665409
## 147       2118          23251485
## 148      12048           180.251
## 149       1198          33897354
## 150        732          13238559
## 151       1240          27202843
## 152      16792            94.298
## 153       2210          14094683
## 154       3409          13712828
## 155       1466          20931751
## 156       8296           6364943
## 157      16198           2675353
## 158       2700           2330318
## 159      12948          60414495
## 160       7679           1210822
## 161       1729           3748902
## 162          0             6.115
## 163       3218          20569738
## 164       2361         126527060
## 165       5025           1136455
## 166       3621          28647293
## 167       4790         223804632
## 168          0          18143379
## 169       7303          37840044
## 170       8634           2604172
## 171      11488            73.161
## 172       4021           231.856
## 173       2889           6106869
## 174      11961           103.699
## 175      13367           2436567
## 176       1076         102262809
## 177       1314          34449825
## 178       6309           410.825
## 179        966           5742316
## 180       5298          10593798
## 181       2167           9053799
## 182       2133          23293699
## 183       5075           4862989
## 184        768          11088796
## 185       5745          34121985
## 186          0          28873034
## 187       2481          14190612
## 188       5625           7046311
## 189       2172           2773168
## 190       8723          18092026
## 191       1289           5418377
## 192       1622           8791092
## 193       3877          30896590
summary(IQ)
##       Rank       Country            Average.IQ      Continent        
##  Min.   :  1   Length:193         Min.   : 42.99   Length:193        
##  1st Qu.: 49   Class :character   1st Qu.: 74.33   Class :character  
##  Median : 97   Mode  :character   Median : 82.24   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 97                      Mean   : 82.05                     
##  3rd Qu.:145                      3rd Qu.: 91.60                     
##  Max.   :193                      Max.   :106.48                     
##  Literacy.Rate     Nobel.Prices       HDI..2021.    
##  Min.   :0.1900   Min.   :  0.000   Min.   :0.0000  
##  1st Qu.:0.8000   1st Qu.:  0.000   1st Qu.:0.5640  
##  Median :0.9500   Median :  0.000   Median :0.7270  
##  Mean   :0.8642   Mean   :  5.922   Mean   :0.6716  
##  3rd Qu.:0.9900   3rd Qu.:  1.000   3rd Qu.:0.8310  
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :400.000   Max.   :0.9620  
##  Mean.years.of.schooling...2021   GNI...2021     Population...2023 
##  Min.   : 0.000                 Min.   :     0   Length:193        
##  1st Qu.: 5.600                 1st Qu.:  3696   Class :character  
##  Median : 9.000                 Median : 11732   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   : 8.374                 Mean   : 19302                     
##  3rd Qu.:11.400                 3rd Qu.: 29002                     
##  Max.   :14.100                 Max.   :146830

Mengubah Tipe Data

Pada beberapa cara pengolahan data mensyaratkan tipe data berbentuk numeric. Pada struktur data dilihat beberapa kolom tidak bertipe numeric. Oleh karena itu, kolom yang diperlukan pengolahan data tetapi tidak dalam bentuk numeric perlu diubah.

# merubah Rank menjadi data num
is.numeric(IQ$Rank)
## [1] TRUE
as.numeric(IQ$Rank)
##   [1]   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18
##  [19]  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36
##  [37]  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  51  52  53  54
##  [55]  55  56  57  58  59  60  61  62  63  64  65  66  67  68  69  70  71  72
##  [73]  73  74  75  76  77  78  79  80  81  82  83  84  85  86  87  88  89  90
##  [91]  91  92  93  94  95  96  97  98  99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
## [109] 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
## [127] 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144
## [145] 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
## [163] 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
## [181] 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193
# merubah Nobel.Prices menjadi data num
is.numeric(IQ$Nobel.Prices)
## [1] TRUE
as.numeric(IQ$Nobel.Prices)
##   [1]  29   4   0   1   8   0   2   5   0 111  22   0   2   0   0  28  12  13
##  [19]  27 137   0   1   3  22   1  13  11 400  13  32  71  19   0   0   3   2
##  [37]   0  11   6   1  21   0   0   8   0   1   2  13   0   0   1   0   1   2
##  [55]   0   6   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   2   1   0   2   3   0   0   0
##  [73]   0   0   5   2   5   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
##  [91]   0   0   0   0   2   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0
## [109]   0   0   0   0   0   1   2   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
## [127]   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4  12   2   1   0   0   1   0
## [145]   2   0   0   2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0  11   0   0   0
## [163]   0   1   0   0   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0
## [181]   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   2   2   0   0

Melihat Korelasi

Dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara peubah-peubah yang berbentuk numeric.

# mengetahui korelasi dari peubah-peubah numerik
data.cor <- data.frame(IQ$Rank,IQ$Average.IQ,IQ$Literacy.Rate,IQ$Nobel.Prices,IQ$Nobel.Prices,IQ$HDI..2021.,IQ$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021)
data.cor
##     IQ.Rank IQ.Average.IQ IQ.Literacy.Rate IQ.Nobel.Prices IQ.Nobel.Prices.1
## 1         1        106.48             0.99              29                29
## 2         2        106.47             0.96               4                 4
## 3         3        105.89             0.97               0                 0
## 4         4        105.37             0.94               1                 1
## 5         5        104.10             0.96               8                 8
## 6         6        102.35             0.98               0                 0
## 7         7        101.60             1.00               2                 2
## 8         8        101.20             1.00               5                 5
## 9         9        101.07             1.00               0                 0
## 10       10        100.74             0.99             111               111
## 11       11        100.74             0.99              22                22
## 12       12        100.72             1.00               0                 0
## 13       13         99.87             1.00               2                 2
## 14       14         99.82             0.97               0                 0
## 15       15         99.75             0.78               0                 0
## 16       16         99.52             0.99              28                28
## 17       17         99.24             0.99              12                12
## 18       18         99.24             0.99              13                13
## 19       19         99.24             0.99              27                27
## 20       20         99.12             0.99             137               137
## 21       21         98.82             1.00               0                 0
## 22       22         98.60             1.00               1                 1
## 23       23         98.57             0.99               3                 3
## 24       24         98.38             0.98              22                22
## 25       25         98.26             0.99               1                 1
## 26       26         97.83             0.99              13                13
## 27       27         97.49             0.99              11                11
## 28       28         97.43             0.99             400               400
## 29       29         97.13             1.00              13                13
## 30       30         97.00             0.99              32                32
## 31       31         96.69             0.99              71                71
## 32       32         96.35             1.00              19                19
## 33       33         96.32             1.00               0                 0
## 34       34         96.29             1.00               0                 0
## 35       35         95.89             1.00               3                 3
## 36       36         95.75             0.99               2                 2
## 37       37         95.20             1.00               0                 0
## 38       38         95.13             0.99              11                11
## 39       39         94.92             0.99               6                 6
## 40       40         94.79             1.00               1                 1
## 41       41         94.23             0.99              21                21
## 42       42         93.92             0.97               0                 0
## 43       43         93.92             0.85               0                 0
## 44       44         93.90             0.98               8                 8
## 45       45         93.48             0.98               0                 0
## 46       46         93.39             0.99               1                 1
## 47       47         92.77             0.95               2                 2
## 48       48         92.43             0.97              13                13
## 49       49         91.60             1.00               0                 0
## 50       50         91.27             0.94               0                 0
## 51       51         91.18             0.93               1                 1
## 52       52         91.03             0.98               0                 0
## 53       53         90.99             0.98               1                 1
## 54       54         90.77             0.95               2                 2
## 55       55         90.29             0.96               0                 0
## 56       56         90.07             1.00               6                 6
## 57       57         89.98             0.99               0                 0
## 58       58         89.60             0.98               0                 0
## 59       59         89.53             0.95               1                 1
## 60       60         89.28             0.80               1                 1
## 61       61         89.01             1.00               0                 0
## 62       62         88.89             1.00               0                 0
## 63       63         88.87             0.94               0                 0
## 64       64         88.82             1.00               0                 0
## 65       65         88.54             0.98               2                 2
## 66       66         88.34             0.98               1                 1
## 67       67         87.94             0.64               0                 0
## 68       68         87.89             0.97               2                 2
## 69       69         87.73             0.95               3                 3
## 70       70         87.71             1.00               0                 0
## 71       71         87.59             0.98               0                 0
## 72       72         87.58             0.97               0                 0
## 73       73         87.58             0.95               0                 0
## 74       74         86.99             0.96               0                 0
## 75       75         86.88             0.99               5                 5
## 76       76         86.80             0.96               2                 2
## 77       77         86.63             0.98               5                 5
## 78       78         86.62             0.93               0                 0
## 79       79         86.56             0.91               0                 0
## 80       80         85.86             1.00               0                 0
## 81       81         85.78             0.99               0                 0
## 82       82         85.63             0.99               1                 1
## 83       83         84.81             1.00               1                 1
## 84       84         84.50             1.00               0                 0
## 85       85         84.29             0.98               0                 0
## 86       86         84.04             0.96               0                 0
## 87       87         83.96             0.89               0                 0
## 88       88         83.96             0.94               0                 0
## 89       89         83.96             0.98               0                 0
## 90       90         83.96             0.84               0                 0
## 91       91         83.90             1.00               0                 0
## 92       92         83.60             0.96               0                 0
## 93       93         83.38             0.93               0                 0
## 94       94         83.23             0.88               0                 0
## 95       95         83.13             0.95               2                 2
## 96       96         82.99             0.95               1                 1
## 97       97         82.24             0.99               0                 0
## 98       98         82.12             0.38               0                 0
## 99       99         82.10             0.61               0                 0
## 100     100         82.05             0.92               0                 0
## 101     101         82.05             0.93               0                 0
## 102     102         81.99             0.93               0                 0
## 103     103         81.91             0.98               0                 0
## 104     104         81.75             0.98               0                 0
## 105     105         81.70             0.94               0                 0
## 106     106         81.64             0.97               1                 1
## 107     107         81.44             0.94               1                 1
## 108     108         81.36             0.97               0                 0
## 109     109         80.99             0.80               0                 0
## 110     110         80.92             0.91               0                 0
## 111     111         80.78             0.98               0                 0
## 112     112         80.70             0.98               0                 0
## 113     113         80.54             0.99               0                 0
## 114     114         80.01             0.87               1                 1
## 115     115         80.00             0.56               2                 2
## 116     116         79.34             0.96               0                 0
## 117     117         79.22             0.81               1                 1
## 118     118         79.09             0.99               0                 0
## 119     119         79.00             0.95               0                 0
## 120     120         78.87             0.40               0                 0
## 121     121         78.87             0.59               0                 0
## 122     122         78.76             0.95               0                 0
## 123     123         78.70             0.94               0                 0
## 124     124         78.64             0.96               0                 0
## 125     125         78.49             0.64               0                 0
## 126     126         78.49             0.95               0                 0
## 127     127         78.49             0.63               0                 0
## 128     128         78.26             0.95               0                 0
## 129     129         77.69             0.97               1                 1
## 130     130         77.37             0.56               0                 0
## 131     131         77.07             0.78               0                 0
## 132     132         76.79             0.65               0                 0
## 133     133         76.69             0.98               0                 0
## 134     134         76.53             0.95               0                 0
## 135     135         76.42             0.74               0                 0
## 136     136         76.36             0.95               0                 0
## 137     137         76.32             0.76               4                 4
## 138     138         76.24             0.72              12                12
## 139     139         76.00             0.80               2                 2
## 140     140         75.20             0.78               1                 1
## 141     141         75.10             0.71               0                 0
## 142     142         75.08             0.89               0                 0
## 143     143         74.95             0.80               1                 1
## 144     144         74.41             0.86               0                 0
## 145     145         74.33             0.61               2                 2
## 146     146         74.01             0.87               0                 0
## 147     147         73.80             0.38               0                 0
## 148     148         73.68             0.90               2                 2
## 149     149         72.50             0.59               0                 0
## 150     150         72.09             0.85               0                 0
## 151     151         70.82             0.19               0                 0
## 152     152         70.48             0.99               0                 0
## 153     153         69.95             0.71               0                 0
## 154     154         69.71             0.38               0                 0
## 155     155         69.70             0.66               0                 0
## 156     156         69.63             0.88               0                 0
## 157     157         69.45             0.88               0                 0
## 158     158         68.87             0.79               0                 0
## 159     159         68.87             0.95              11                11
## 160     160         68.87             0.87               0                 0
## 161     161         68.77             0.74               0                 0
## 162     162         68.74             0.97               0                 0
## 163     163         68.43             0.85               0                 0
## 164     164         68.42             0.49               1                 1
## 165     165         68.41             0.68               0                 0
## 166     166         67.76             0.75               0                 0
## 167     167         67.76             0.60               1                 1
## 168     168         67.67             0.38               0                 0
## 169     169         67.03             0.72               1                 1
## 170     170         66.19             0.91               0                 0
## 171     171         66.03             0.94               0                 0
## 172     172         65.22             0.92               0                 0
## 173     173         64.92             0.77               0                 0
## 174     174         63.42             0.96               0                 0
## 175     175         62.97             0.83               0                 0
## 176     176         62.97             0.79               0                 0
## 177     177         62.86             0.70               1                 1
## 178     178         62.55             0.83               0                 0
## 179     179         62.55             0.37               0                 0
## 180     180         62.16             0.88               0                 0
## 181     181         59.83             0.67               0                 0
## 182     182         59.76             0.33               0                 0
## 183     183         59.76             0.52               0                 0
## 184     184         58.61             0.32               0                 0
## 185     185         58.16             0.77               1                 1
## 186     186         58.16             0.43               0                 0
## 187     187         53.48             0.30               0                 0
## 188     188         52.69             0.82               0                 0
## 189     189         52.68             0.58               0                 0
## 190     190         47.72             0.79               2                 2
## 191     191         45.07             0.48               2                 2
## 192     192         45.07             0.48               0                 0
## 193     193         42.99             0.65               0                 0
##     IQ.HDI..2021. IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1           0.925                              13.4
## 2           0.000                               0.0
## 3           0.939                              11.9
## 4           0.952                              12.2
## 5           0.768                               7.6
## 6           0.925                              12.5
## 7           0.808                              12.1
## 8           0.940                              12.9
## 9           0.935                              12.5
## 10          0.942                              14.1
## 11          0.941                              12.6
## 12          0.890                              13.5
## 13          0.930                              13.0
## 14          0.000                               0.0
## 15          0.593                               5.1
## 16          0.936                              13.8
## 17          0.951                              12.7
## 18          0.846                              12.2
## 19          0.962                              13.9
## 20          0.929                              13.4
## 21          0.000                               0.0
## 22          0.918                              12.8
## 23          0.937                              12.9
## 24          0.916                              12.3
## 25          0.959                              13.8
## 26          0.948                              13.0
## 27          0.937                              12.4
## 28          0.921                              13.7
## 29          0.961                              13.0
## 30          0.947                              12.6
## 31          0.903                              11.6
## 32          0.876                              13.2
## 33          0.848                              12.9
## 34          0.822                              12.8
## 35          0.875                              13.5
## 36          0.858                              12.2
## 37          0.858                              10.6
## 38          0.945                              11.6
## 39          0.889                              12.9
## 40          0.863                              13.3
## 41          0.895                              10.7
## 42          0.000                               0.0
## 43          0.607                               7.1
## 44          0.905                              10.6
## 45          0.000                               0.0
## 46          0.896                              12.4
## 47          0.866                               9.6
## 48          0.919                              13.3
## 49          0.790                               9.9
## 50          0.918                              12.2
## 51          0.585                               6.4
## 52          0.739                               9.4
## 53          0.795                              11.4
## 54          0.887                              11.4
## 55          0.730                               9.8
## 56          0.773                              11.1
## 57          0.767                              11.8
## 58          0.802                              11.4
## 59          0.703                               8.4
## 60          0.686                               7.9
## 61          0.727                              11.9
## 62          0.811                              12.3
## 63          0.800                               8.7
## 64          0.759                              11.3
## 65          0.780                              10.5
## 66          0.809                               8.8
## 67          0.666                               5.2
## 68          0.855                              10.9
## 69          0.758                               9.2
## 70          0.685                              11.3
## 71          0.809                               9.0
## 72          0.829                               9.2
## 73          0.803                              10.6
## 74          0.812                              12.6
## 75          0.821                              11.3
## 76          0.838                               8.6
## 77          0.842                              11.1
## 78          0.782                              10.8
## 79          0.802                              10.4
## 80          0.745                              11.3
## 81          0.832                              12.2
## 82          0.810                              11.6
## 83          0.745                              10.5
## 84          0.802                              12.8
## 85          0.000                               0.0
## 86          0.717                               8.9
## 87          0.628                               7.8
## 88          0.730                              10.9
## 89          0.639                              10.9
## 90          0.564                               5.7
## 91          0.764                              12.5
## 92          0.875                              11.0
## 93          0.754                               8.1
## 94          0.714                               8.6
## 95          0.752                               8.9
## 96          0.691                              11.1
## 97          0.000                               0.0
## 98          0.478                               3.0
## 99          0.535                               5.6
## 100         0.767                               9.3
## 101         0.911                              12.7
## 102         0.000                               0.0
## 103         0.770                              10.2
## 104         0.796                              11.3
## 105         0.706                               8.7
## 106         0.699                               9.0
## 107         0.762                               9.9
## 108         0.000                               0.0
## 109         0.607                               5.4
## 110         0.718                               7.6
## 111         0.855                              10.0
## 112         0.720                              10.4
## 113         0.747                               7.3
## 114         0.774                              10.6
## 115         0.544                               4.5
## 116         0.795                               9.0
## 117         0.731                               7.4
## 118         0.692                              11.4
## 119         0.805                              10.5
## 120         0.394                               2.6
## 121         0.508                               3.8
## 122         0.785                              10.3
## 123         0.816                              11.7
## 124         0.831                               7.3
## 125         0.000                               0.0
## 126         0.705                               8.6
## 127         0.558                               4.7
## 128         0.740                               8.8
## 129         0.715                               9.9
## 130         0.511                               2.9
## 131         0.558                               5.1
## 132         0.501                               5.1
## 133         0.000                               0.0
## 134         0.692                               9.8
## 135         0.525                               5.7
## 136         0.875                              11.3
## 137         0.731                               9.6
## 138         0.633                               6.7
## 139         0.745                               8.1
## 140         0.575                               6.7
## 141         0.586                               5.4
## 142         0.709                               9.2
## 143         0.549                               6.4
## 144         0.577                               5.1
## 145         0.661                               7.4
## 146         0.593                               8.7
## 147         0.449                               2.1
## 148         0.715                               8.5
## 149         0.446                               3.2
## 150         0.426                               3.1
## 151         0.400                               2.1
## 152         0.788                               9.3
## 153         0.534                               4.4
## 154         0.525                               4.3
## 155         0.512                               4.5
## 156         0.675                               7.2
## 157         0.693                              10.3
## 158         0.514                               6.0
## 159         0.713                              11.4
## 160         0.597                               5.6
## 161         0.492                               4.9
## 162         0.000                               0.0
## 163         0.565                               7.2
## 164         0.498                               3.2
## 165         0.509                               4.1
## 166         0.576                               6.2
## 167         0.535                               7.2
## 168         0.000                               0.0
## 169         0.683                               5.9
## 170         0.615                               7.2
## 171         0.720                               8.1
## 172         0.618                               6.2
## 173         0.571                               6.2
## 174         0.751                              10.8
## 175         0.706                               9.4
## 176         0.479                               7.0
## 177         0.455                               3.2
## 178         0.683                               8.8
## 179         0.404                               4.3
## 180         0.621                               7.1
## 181         0.539                               5.0
## 182         0.428                               2.3
## 183         0.556                               4.9
## 184         0.385                               5.7
## 185         0.632                               8.3
## 186         0.000                               0.0
## 187         0.465                               2.2
## 188         0.667                               7.1
## 189         0.500                               4.6
## 190         0.627                               5.7
## 191         0.481                               5.1
## 192         0.477                               4.6
## 193         0.602                               5.1
cor(data.cor)
##                                      IQ.Rank IQ.Average.IQ IQ.Literacy.Rate
## IQ.Rank                            1.0000000    -0.9755531       -0.6247320
## IQ.Average.IQ                     -0.9755531     1.0000000        0.6347257
## IQ.Literacy.Rate                  -0.6247320     0.6347257        1.0000000
## IQ.Nobel.Prices                   -0.2206326     0.2056444        0.1190685
## IQ.Nobel.Prices.1                 -0.2206326     0.2056444        0.1190685
## IQ.HDI..2021.                     -0.4401540     0.4201243        0.4728155
## IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 -0.5398615     0.5182599        0.6245059
##                                   IQ.Nobel.Prices IQ.Nobel.Prices.1
## IQ.Rank                                -0.2206326        -0.2206326
## IQ.Average.IQ                           0.2056444         0.2056444
## IQ.Literacy.Rate                        0.1190685         0.1190685
## IQ.Nobel.Prices                         1.0000000         1.0000000
## IQ.Nobel.Prices.1                       1.0000000         1.0000000
## IQ.HDI..2021.                           0.1809095         0.1809095
## IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021       0.2156063         0.2156063
##                                   IQ.HDI..2021.
## IQ.Rank                              -0.4401540
## IQ.Average.IQ                         0.4201243
## IQ.Literacy.Rate                      0.4728155
## IQ.Nobel.Prices                       0.1809095
## IQ.Nobel.Prices.1                     0.1809095
## IQ.HDI..2021.                         1.0000000
## IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021     0.9260546
##                                   IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## IQ.Rank                                                  -0.5398615
## IQ.Average.IQ                                             0.5182599
## IQ.Literacy.Rate                                          0.6245059
## IQ.Nobel.Prices                                           0.2156063
## IQ.Nobel.Prices.1                                         0.2156063
## IQ.HDI..2021.                                             0.9260546
## IQ.Mean.years.of.schooling...2021                         1.0000000

Manipulasi Data

10 Negara dengan Nobel Terbanyak Pada bagian ini ingin melihat 10 negara dengan jumlah Nobel.Prices terbanyak. Dapat dilihat juga rata-rata Literacy.Rate, Average.IQ, HDI..2021., dan GNI…2021 dari 10 negara tersebut.

# mengurutkan negara dengan nobel terbanyak
Country.Nobel1 <- order(IQ$Nobel.Prices,decreasing=T)
Country.Nobel2 <- IQ [Country.Nobel1,]

# 10 negara dengan nobel terbanyak
Country.Nobel2[(1:10),]
##    Rank        Country Average.IQ     Continent Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices
## 28   28  United States      97.43 North America          0.99          400
## 20   20 United Kingdom      99.12        Europe          0.99          137
## 10   10        Germany     100.74        Europe          0.99          111
## 31   31         France      96.69        Europe          0.99           71
## 30   30         Sweden      97.00        Europe          0.99           32
## 1     1          Japan     106.48          Asia          0.99           29
## 16   16         Canada      99.52 North America          0.99           28
## 19   19    Switzerland      99.24        Europe          0.99           27
## 11   11    Netherlands     100.74        Europe          0.99           22
## 24   24        Austria      98.38        Europe          0.98           22
##    HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 28      0.921                           13.7      64765         339996564
## 20      0.929                           13.4      45225          67736802
## 10      0.942                           14.1      54534          83294633
## 31      0.903                           11.6      45937          64756584
## 30      0.947                           12.6      54489          10612086
## 1       0.925                           13.4      42274         123294513
## 16      0.936                           13.8      46808          38781292
## 19      0.962                           13.9      66933           8796669
## 11      0.941                           12.6      55979          17618299
## 24      0.916                           12.3      53619           8958961
# Rata-rata
X <- Country.Nobel2[(1:10),]
mean(X$Literacy.Rate)
## [1] 0.989
mean(X$Average.IQ)
## [1] 99.534
mean(X$HDI..2021.)
## [1] 0.9322
mean(X$GNI...2021)
## [1] 53056.3

Pada bagian ini ingin dilihat rata-rata Literacy.Rate, Average.IQ, HDI..2021., dan GNI…2021 pada Benua Asia, Europa, dan Africa.

# Asia
data3 <- IQ %>% filter(Continent == "Asia" & HDI..2021. != 0 & GNI...2021 != 0)
data3
##    Rank              Country Average.IQ Continent Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices
## 1     1                Japan     106.48      Asia          0.99           29
## 2     3            Singapore     105.89      Asia          0.97            0
## 3     4            Hong Kong     105.37      Asia          0.94            1
## 4     5                China     104.10      Asia          0.96            8
## 5     6          South Korea     102.35      Asia          0.98            0
## 6    15             Cambodia      99.75      Asia          0.78            0
## 7    48               Israel      92.43      Asia          0.97           13
## 8    51              Myanmar      91.18      Asia          0.93            1
## 9    52             Mongolia      91.03      Asia          0.98            0
## 10   59              Vietnam      89.53      Asia          0.95            1
## 11   60                 Iraq      89.28      Asia          0.80            1
## 12   61           Uzbekistan      89.01      Asia          1.00            0
## 13   62           Kazakhstan      88.89      Asia          1.00            0
## 14   63             Thailand      88.87      Asia          0.94            0
## 15   64              Armenia      88.82      Asia          1.00            0
## 16   67               Bhutan      87.94      Asia          0.64            0
## 17   70           Tajikistan      87.71      Asia          1.00            0
## 18   72               Brunei      87.58      Asia          0.97            0
## 19   73             Malaysia      87.58      Asia          0.95            0
## 20   78            Sri Lanka      86.62      Asia          0.93            0
## 21   80         Turkmenistan      85.86      Asia          1.00            0
## 22   83           Azerbaijan      84.81      Asia          1.00            1
## 23   92              Bahrain      83.60      Asia          0.96            0
## 24   98          Afghanistan      82.12      Asia          0.38            0
## 25  101 United Arab Emirates      82.05      Asia          0.93            0
## 26  105              Lebanon      81.70      Asia          0.94            0
## 27  106          Philippines      81.64      Asia          0.97            1
## 28  109                 Laos      80.99      Asia          0.80            0
## 29  111                Qatar      80.78      Asia          0.98            0
## 30  112               Jordan      80.70      Asia          0.98            0
## 31  113             Maldives      80.54      Asia          0.99            0
## 32  114                 Iran      80.01      Asia          0.87            1
## 33  115             Pakistan      80.00      Asia          0.56            2
## 34  118           Kyrgyzstan      79.09      Asia          0.99            0
## 35  123                 Oman      78.70      Asia          0.94            0
## 36  124               Kuwait      78.64      Asia          0.96            0
## 37  126            Indonesia      78.49      Asia          0.95            0
## 38  129            Palestine      77.69      Asia          0.97            1
## 39  136         Saudi Arabia      76.36      Asia          0.95            0
## 40  138                India      76.24      Asia          0.72           12
## 41  144                Syria      74.41      Asia          0.86            0
## 42  145           Bangladesh      74.33      Asia          0.61            2
## 43  177                Yemen      62.86      Asia          0.70            1
## 44  193                Nepal      42.99      Asia          0.65            0
##    HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1       0.925                           13.4      42274         123294513
## 2       0.939                           11.9      90919           6014723
## 3       0.952                           12.2      62607           7491609
## 4       0.768                            7.6      17504        1425671352
## 5       0.925                           12.5      44501          51784059
## 6       0.593                            5.1       4079          16944826
## 7       0.919                           13.3      41524           9174520
## 8       0.585                            6.4       3851          54577997
## 9       0.739                            9.4      10588           3447157
## 10      0.703                            8.4       7867          98858950
## 11      0.686                            7.9       9977          45504560
## 12      0.727                           11.9       7917          35163944
## 13      0.811                           12.3      23943          19606634
## 14      0.800                            8.7      17030          71801279
## 15      0.759                           11.3      13158           2777971
## 16      0.666                            5.2       9438           787.425
## 17      0.685                           11.3       4548          10143543
## 18      0.829                            9.2      64490           452.524
## 19      0.803                           10.6      26658          34308525
## 20      0.782                           10.8      12578          21893579
## 21      0.745                           11.3      13021           6516100
## 22      0.745                           10.5      14257          10412652
## 23      0.875                           11.0      39497           1485510
## 24      0.478                            3.0       1824          42239854
## 25      0.911                           12.7      62574           9516871
## 26      0.706                            8.7       9526           5353930
## 27      0.699                            9.0       8920         117337368
## 28      0.607                            5.4       7700           7633779
## 29      0.855                           10.0      87134           2716391
## 30      0.720                           10.4       9924          11337053
## 31      0.747                            7.3      15448           521.022
## 32      0.774                           10.6      13001          89172767
## 33      0.544                            4.5       4624         240485658
## 34      0.692                           11.4       4566           6735348
## 35      0.816                           11.7      27054           4644384
## 36      0.831                            7.3      52920           4310108
## 37      0.705                            8.6      11466         277534123
## 38      0.715                            9.9       6583           5040000
## 39      0.875                           11.3      46112          36947025
## 40      0.633                            6.7       6590        1428627663
## 41      0.577                            5.1       4192          23227014
## 42      0.661                            7.4       5472         172954319
## 43      0.455                            3.2       1314          34449825
## 44      0.602                            5.1       3877          30896590
mean(data3$Literacy.Rate)
## [1] 0.8940909
mean(data3$Average.IQ)
## [1] 84.88659
mean(data3$HDI..2021.)
## [1] 0.7400909
mean(data3$GNI...2021)
## [1] 22114.7
# Europe
data4 <- IQ %>% filter(Continent == "Europe" & HDI..2021. != 0 & GNI...2021 != 0)
data4
##    Rank                Country Average.IQ Continent Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices
## 1     7                Belarus     101.60    Europe          1.00            2
## 2     8                Finland     101.20    Europe          1.00            5
## 3     9          Liechtenstein     101.07    Europe          1.00            0
## 4    10                Germany     100.74    Europe          0.99          111
## 5    11            Netherlands     100.74    Europe          0.99           22
## 6    12                Estonia     100.72    Europe          1.00            0
## 7    13             Luxembourg      99.87    Europe          1.00            2
## 8    18                Hungary      99.24    Europe          0.99           13
## 9    19            Switzerland      99.24    Europe          0.99           27
## 10   20         United Kingdom      99.12    Europe          0.99          137
## 11   22               Slovenia      98.60    Europe          1.00            1
## 12   24                Austria      98.38    Europe          0.98           22
## 13   25                Iceland      98.26    Europe          0.99            1
## 14   26                Denmark      97.83    Europe          0.99           13
## 15   27                Belgium      97.49    Europe          0.99           11
## 16   29                 Norway      97.13    Europe          1.00           13
## 17   30                 Sweden      97.00    Europe          0.99           32
## 18   31                 France      96.69    Europe          0.99           71
## 19   32                 Poland      96.35    Europe          1.00           19
## 20   33               Slovakia      96.32    Europe          1.00            0
## 21   35              Lithuania      95.89    Europe          1.00            3
## 22   36                Croatia      95.75    Europe          0.99            2
## 23   37                Andorra      95.20    Europe          1.00            0
## 24   38                Ireland      95.13    Europe          0.99           11
## 25   39         Czech republic      94.92    Europe          0.99            6
## 26   40                 Latvia      94.79    Europe          1.00            1
## 27   41                  Italy      94.23    Europe          0.99           21
## 28   44                  Spain      93.90    Europe          0.98            8
## 29   46                 Cyprus      93.39    Europe          0.99            1
## 30   47               Portugal      92.77    Europe          0.95            2
## 31   50                  Malta      91.27    Europe          0.94            0
## 32   53               Bulgaria      90.99    Europe          0.98            1
## 33   54                 Greece      90.77    Europe          0.95            2
## 34   56                Ukraine      90.07    Europe          1.00            6
## 35   57               Moldavia      89.98    Europe          0.99            0
## 36   58                 Serbia      89.60    Europe          0.98            0
## 37   65 Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54    Europe          0.98            2
## 38   75                Romania      86.88    Europe          0.99            5
## 39   81             Montenegro      85.78    Europe          0.99            0
## 40  103        North Macedonia      81.91    Europe          0.98            0
## 41  104                Albania      81.75    Europe          0.98            0
##    HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1       0.808                           12.1      18849           9498238
## 2       0.940                           12.9      49452           5545475
## 3       0.935                           12.5     146830             39315
## 4       0.942                           14.1      54534          83294633
## 5       0.941                           12.6      55979          17618299
## 6       0.890                           13.5      38048           1322766
## 7       0.930                           13.0      84649           654.768
## 8       0.846                           12.2      32789          10156239
## 9       0.962                           13.9      66933           8796669
## 10      0.929                           13.4      45225          67736802
## 11      0.918                           12.8      39746           2119675
## 12      0.916                           12.3      53619           8958961
## 13      0.959                           13.8      55782           375.319
## 14      0.948                           13.0      60365           5910913
## 15      0.937                           12.4      52293          11686140
## 16      0.961                           13.0      64660           5474360
## 17      0.947                           12.6      54489          10612086
## 18      0.903                           11.6      45937          64756584
## 19      0.876                           13.2      33034          41026068
## 20      0.848                           12.9      30690           5795199
## 21      0.875                           13.5      37931           2718352
## 22      0.858                           12.2      30132           4008617
## 23      0.858                           10.6      51167            76.965
## 24      0.945                           11.6      76169           5056935
## 25      0.889                           12.9      38745          10495295
## 26      0.863                           13.3      32803           1830212
## 27      0.895                           10.7      42840          58870763
## 28      0.905                           10.6      38354          47519628
## 29      0.896                           12.4      38188           1260138
## 30      0.866                            9.6      33155          10247605
## 31      0.918                           12.2      38884           535.065
## 32      0.795                           11.4      23079           6687717
## 33      0.887                           11.4      29002          10341277
## 34      0.773                           11.1      13256          36744634
## 35      0.767                           11.8      14875           3435931
## 36      0.802                           11.4      19123           7149077
## 37      0.780                           10.5      15242           3210848
## 38      0.821                           11.3      30027          19892812
## 39      0.832                           12.2      20839           626.485
## 40      0.770                           10.2      15918           2085679
## 41      0.796                           11.3      14131           2832439
mean(data4$Literacy.Rate)
## [1] 0.9882927
mean(data4$Average.IQ)
## [1] 94.90488
mean(data4$HDI..2021.)
## [1] 0.8811463
mean(data4$GNI...2021)
## [1] 42384.46
# Africa
data5 <- IQ %>% filter(Continent == "Africa" & HDI..2021. != 0 & GNI...2021 != 0)
data5
##    Rank                  Country Average.IQ Continent Literacy.Rate
## 1    79                Mauritius      86.56    Africa          0.91
## 2   110                    Libya      80.92    Africa          0.91
## 3   117                  Tunisia      79.22    Africa          0.81
## 4   120                     Chad      78.87    Africa          0.40
## 5   121                    Sudan      78.87    Africa          0.59
## 6   122               Seychelles      78.76    Africa          0.95
## 7   130                  Senegal      77.37    Africa          0.56
## 8   131                  Comoros      77.07    Africa          0.78
## 9   132               Madagascar      76.79    Africa          0.65
## 10  135                   Uganda      76.42    Africa          0.74
## 11  137                    Egypt      76.32    Africa          0.76
## 12  139                  Algeria      76.00    Africa          0.80
## 13  140                    Kenya      75.20    Africa          0.78
## 14  141                   Angola      75.10    Africa          0.71
## 15  143                 Tanzania      74.95    Africa          0.80
## 16  146                 Zimbabwe      74.01    Africa          0.87
## 17  147             Burkina Faso      73.80    Africa          0.38
## 18  149               Mozambique      72.50    Africa          0.59
## 19  150                  Burundi      72.09    Africa          0.85
## 20  151                    Niger      70.82    Africa          0.19
## 21  153                   Rwanda      69.95    Africa          0.71
## 22  154                    Benin      69.71    Africa          0.38
## 23  155                   Malawi      69.70    Africa          0.66
## 24  157                 Botswana      69.45    Africa          0.88
## 25  158                  Lesotho      68.87    Africa          0.79
## 26  159             South Africa      68.87    Africa          0.95
## 27  160                 Eswatini      68.87    Africa          0.87
## 28  161                  Eritrea      68.77    Africa          0.74
## 29  163                   Zambia      68.43    Africa          0.85
## 30  164                 Ethiopia      68.42    Africa          0.49
## 31  165                 Djibouti      68.41    Africa          0.68
## 32  166                 Cameroon      67.76    Africa          0.75
## 33  167                  Nigeria      67.76    Africa          0.60
## 34  169                  Morocco      67.03    Africa          0.72
## 35  170                  Namibia      66.19    Africa          0.91
## 36  172    Sao Tome and Principe      65.22    Africa          0.92
## 37  173                    Congo      64.92    Africa          0.77
## 38  175                    Gabon      62.97    Africa          0.83
## 39  176           Congo Republic      62.97    Africa          0.79
## 40  179 Central African Republic      62.55    Africa          0.37
## 41  181                     Togo      59.83    Africa          0.67
## 42  182                     Mali      59.76    Africa          0.33
## 43  183               Mauritania      59.76    Africa          0.52
## 44  184              South Sudan      58.61    Africa          0.32
## 45  185                    Ghana      58.16    Africa          0.77
## 46  187                   Guinea      53.48    Africa          0.30
## 47  189                   Gambia      52.68    Africa          0.58
## 48  191                  Liberia      45.07    Africa          0.48
## 49  192             Sierra Leone      45.07    Africa          0.48
##    Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 GNI...2021
## 1             0      0.802                           10.4      22025
## 2             0      0.718                            7.6      15336
## 3             1      0.731                            7.4      10258
## 4             0      0.394                            2.6       1364
## 5             0      0.508                            3.8       3575
## 6             0      0.785                           10.3      25831
## 7             0      0.511                            2.9       3344
## 8             0      0.558                            5.1       3142
## 9             0      0.501                            5.1       1484
## 10            0      0.525                            5.7       2181
## 11            4      0.731                            9.6      11732
## 12            2      0.745                            8.1      10800
## 13            1      0.575                            6.7       4474
## 14            0      0.586                            5.4       5466
## 15            1      0.549                            6.4       2664
## 16            0      0.593                            8.7       3810
## 17            0      0.449                            2.1       2118
## 18            0      0.446                            3.2       1198
## 19            0      0.426                            3.1        732
## 20            0      0.400                            2.1       1240
## 21            0      0.534                            4.4       2210
## 22            0      0.525                            4.3       3409
## 23            0      0.512                            4.5       1466
## 24            0      0.693                           10.3      16198
## 25            0      0.514                            6.0       2700
## 26           11      0.713                           11.4      12948
## 27            0      0.597                            5.6       7679
## 28            0      0.492                            4.9       1729
## 29            0      0.565                            7.2       3218
## 30            1      0.498                            3.2       2361
## 31            0      0.509                            4.1       5025
## 32            0      0.576                            6.2       3621
## 33            1      0.535                            7.2       4790
## 34            1      0.683                            5.9       7303
## 35            0      0.615                            7.2       8634
## 36            0      0.618                            6.2       4021
## 37            0      0.571                            6.2       2889
## 38            0      0.706                            9.4      13367
## 39            0      0.479                            7.0       1076
## 40            0      0.404                            4.3        966
## 41            0      0.539                            5.0       2167
## 42            0      0.428                            2.3       2133
## 43            0      0.556                            4.9       5075
## 44            0      0.385                            5.7        768
## 45            1      0.632                            8.3       5745
## 46            0      0.465                            2.2       2481
## 47            0      0.500                            4.6       2172
## 48            2      0.481                            5.1       1289
## 49            0      0.477                            4.6       1622
##    Population...2023
## 1            1300557
## 2            6888388
## 3           12458223
## 4           18278568
## 5           48109006
## 6             107.66
## 7           17763163
## 8            852.075
## 9           30325732
## 10          48582334
## 11         112716599
## 12          45606481
## 13          55100587
## 14          36684203
## 15          67438106
## 16          16665409
## 17          23251485
## 18          33897354
## 19          13238559
## 20          27202843
## 21          14094683
## 22          13712828
## 23          20931751
## 24           2675353
## 25           2330318
## 26          60414495
## 27           1210822
## 28           3748902
## 29          20569738
## 30         126527060
## 31           1136455
## 32          28647293
## 33         223804632
## 34          37840044
## 35           2604172
## 36           231.856
## 37           6106869
## 38           2436567
## 39         102262809
## 40           5742316
## 41           9053799
## 42          23293699
## 43           4862989
## 44          11088796
## 45          34121985
## 46          14190612
## 47           2773168
## 48           5418377
## 49           8791092
mean(data5$Literacy.Rate)
## [1] 0.6763265
mean(data5$Average.IQ)
## [1] 68.79347
mean(data5$HDI..2021.)
## [1] 0.5578571
mean(data5$GNI...2021)
## [1] 5343.592

Scatter Plot

Dilakukan regresi linier sederhana pada beberapa pasang peubah untuk diketahui hubungan keduanya.

Hubungan Mean.years.of.schooling…2021 dengan average.IQ. Hasil regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan persamaan y = 2.952x + 55.264. Oleh karena itu, dapat diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu bersekolah semakin tinggi nilai average.IQ suatu negara.

library(tidyverse)
data6 <- IQ %>% filter(Mean.years.of.schooling...2021 != 0)
data6
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 3      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 4      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 5      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 6      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 7      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 8      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 9     10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 10    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 11    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 12    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 13    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 14    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 15    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 16    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 17    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 18    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 19    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 20    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 21    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 22    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 23    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 24    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 25    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 26    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 27    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 28    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 29    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 30    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 31    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 32    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 33    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 34    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 35    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 36    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 37    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 38    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 39    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 40    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 41    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 42    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 43    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 44    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 45    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 46    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 47    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 48    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 49    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 50    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 51    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 52    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 53    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 54    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 55    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 56    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 57    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 58    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 59    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 60    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 61    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 62    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 63    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 64    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 65    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 66    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 67    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 68    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 69    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 70    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 71    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 72    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 73    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 74    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 75    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 76    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 77    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 78    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 79    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 80    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 81    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 82    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 83    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 84    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 85    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 86    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 87    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 88    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 89    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 90    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 91    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 92    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 93   100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 94   101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 95   103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 96   104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 97   105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 98   106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 99   107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 100  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 101  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 102  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 103  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 104  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 105  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 106  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 107  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 108  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 109  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 110  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 111  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 112  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 113  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 114  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 115  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 116  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 117  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 118  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 119  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 120  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 121  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 122  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 123  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 124  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 125  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 126  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 127  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 128  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 129  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 130  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 131  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 132  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 133  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 134  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 135  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 136  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 137  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 138  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 139  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 140  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 141  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 142  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 143  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 144  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 145  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 146  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 147  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 148  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 149  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 150  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 151  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 152  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 153  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 154  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 155  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 156  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 157  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 158  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 159  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 160  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 161  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 162  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 163  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 164  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 165  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 166  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 167  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 168  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 169  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 170  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 171  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 172  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 173  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 174  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 175  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 176  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 177  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 178  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 179  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 3            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 4            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 5            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 6            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 7            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 8            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 9            0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 10           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 11           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 12           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 13           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 14           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 15           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 16           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 17           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 18           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 19           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 20           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 21           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 22           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 23           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 24           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 25           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 26           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 27           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 28           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 29           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 30           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 31           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 32           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 33           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 34           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 35           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 36           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 37           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 38           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 39           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 40           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 41           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 42           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 43           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 44           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 45           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 46           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 47           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 48           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 49           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 50           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 51           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 52           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 53           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 54           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 55           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 56           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 57           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 58           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 59           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 60           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 61           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 62           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 63           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 64           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 65           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 66           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 67           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 68           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 69           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 70           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 71           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 72           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 73           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 74           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 75           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 76           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 77           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 78           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 79           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 80           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 81           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 82           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 83           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 84           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 85           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 86           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 87           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 88           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 89           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 90           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 91           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 92           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 93           0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 94           0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 95           0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 96           0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 97           0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 98           0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 99           0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 100          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 101          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 102          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 104          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 105          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 106          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 107          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 108          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 109          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 110          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 111          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 112          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 113          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 114          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 115          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 116          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 117          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 118          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 119          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 120          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 121          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 122          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 123          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 124          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 125          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 126          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 127          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 128          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 129          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 130          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 131          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 132          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 133          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 134          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 135          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 136          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 137          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 138          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 139          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 140          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 141          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 142          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 143          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 144          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 145          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 146          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 147          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 148          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 149          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 150          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 151          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 152          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 153          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 154          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 155          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 156          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 157          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 158          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 159          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 160          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 161          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 162          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 163          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 164          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 165          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 166          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 167          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 168          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 169          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 170          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 171          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 172          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 173          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 174          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 175          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 176          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 177          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 178          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 179          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2        90919           6014723
## 3        62607           7491609
## 4        17504        1425671352
## 5        44501          51784059
## 6        18849           9498238
## 7        49452           5545475
## 8       146830             39315
## 9        54534          83294633
## 10       55979          17618299
## 11       38048           1322766
## 12       84649           654.768
## 13        4079          16944826
## 14       46808          38781292
## 15       49238          26439112
## 16       32789          10156239
## 17       66933           8796669
## 18       45225          67736802
## 19       39746           2119675
## 20       44057           5228100
## 21       53619           8958961
## 22       55782           375.319
## 23       60365           5910913
## 24       52293          11686140
## 25       64765         339996564
## 26       64660           5474360
## 27       54489          10612086
## 28       45937          64756584
## 29       33034          41026068
## 30       30690           5795199
## 31       27166         144444359
## 32       37931           2718352
## 33       30132           4008617
## 34       51167            76.965
## 35       76169           5056935
## 36       38745          10495295
## 37       32803           1830212
## 38       42840          58870763
## 39        3085           334.506
## 40       38354          47519628
## 41       38188           1260138
## 42       33155          10247605
## 43       41524           9174520
## 44       12306           281.996
## 45       38884           535.065
## 46        3851          54577997
## 47       10588           3447157
## 48       23079           6687717
## 49       29002          10341277
## 50       12672           623.237
## 51       13256          36744634
## 52       14875           3435931
## 53       19123           7149077
## 54        7867          98858950
## 55        9977          45504560
## 56        7917          35163944
## 57       23943          19606634
## 58       17030          71801279
## 59       13158           2777971
## 60       15242           3210848
## 61       19974           5212173
## 62        9438           787.425
## 63       24563          19629590
## 64       17896         128455567
## 65        4548          10143543
## 66       21269           3423109
## 67       64490           452.524
## 68       26658          34308525
## 69       30486           412.624
## 70       30027          19892812
## 71       31033          85816199
## 72       20925          45773884
## 73       12578          21893579
## 74       22025           1300557
## 75       13021           6516100
## 76       20839           626.485
## 77       23392           1534937
## 78       14257          10412652
## 79       14664           3728282
## 80       12349           6861524
## 81        3696           115.224
## 82        9980           936.375
## 83        4620            41.996
## 84        2482           740.425
## 85        7879          11194449
## 86       39497           1485510
## 87       14370         216422446
## 88       22465           813.834
## 89       14384          52085168
## 90        4811          28838499
## 91        1824          42239854
## 92        2848          11724764
## 93       17990          11332973
## 94       62574           9516871
## 95       15918           2085679
## 96       14131           2832439
## 97        9526           5353930
## 98        8920         117337368
## 99       12246          34352719
## 100       7700           7633779
## 101      15336           6888388
## 102      87134           2716391
## 103       9924          11337053
## 104      15448           521.022
## 105      13001          89172767
## 106       4624         240485658
## 107      13484           126.184
## 108      10258          12458223
## 109       4566           6735348
## 110      26957           4468087
## 111       1364          18278568
## 112       3575          48109006
## 113      25831            107.66
## 114      27054           4644384
## 115      52920           4310108
## 116      11466         277534123
## 117       4009          10329931
## 118      10312          18190484
## 119       6583           5040000
## 120       3344          17763163
## 121       3142           852.075
## 122       1484          30325732
## 123       8111          12388571
## 124       2181          48582334
## 125      46112          36947025
## 126      11732         112716599
## 127       6590        1428627663
## 128      10800          45606481
## 129       4474          55100587
## 130       5466          36684203
## 131       8834           2825544
## 132       2664          67438106
## 133       4192          23227014
## 134       5472         172954319
## 135       3810          16665409
## 136       2118          23251485
## 137      12048           180.251
## 138       1198          33897354
## 139        732          13238559
## 140       1240          27202843
## 141      16792            94.298
## 142       2210          14094683
## 143       3409          13712828
## 144       1466          20931751
## 145       8296           6364943
## 146      16198           2675353
## 147       2700           2330318
## 148      12948          60414495
## 149       7679           1210822
## 150       1729           3748902
## 151       3218          20569738
## 152       2361         126527060
## 153       5025           1136455
## 154       3621          28647293
## 155       4790         223804632
## 156       7303          37840044
## 157       8634           2604172
## 158      11488            73.161
## 159       4021           231.856
## 160       2889           6106869
## 161      11961           103.699
## 162      13367           2436567
## 163       1076         102262809
## 164       1314          34449825
## 165       6309           410.825
## 166        966           5742316
## 167       5298          10593798
## 168       2167           9053799
## 169       2133          23293699
## 170       5075           4862989
## 171        768          11088796
## 172       5745          34121985
## 173       2481          14190612
## 174       5625           7046311
## 175       2172           2773168
## 176       8723          18092026
## 177       1289           5418377
## 178       1622           8791092
## 179       3877          30896590
# membuat scatter plot
plot(data6$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021,data6$Average.IQ)

# membuat garis regresi
abline(lm(data6$Average.IQ~data6$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021))

# persamaan regresi
lm(data6$Average.IQ~data6$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = data6$Average.IQ ~ data6$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021)
## 
## Coefficients:
##                          (Intercept)  data6$Mean.years.of.schooling...2021  
##                               55.264                                 2.952

Hubungan HDI..2021. dengan average.IQ. Hasil regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan persamaan y = 65.97x + 34.14. Oleh karena itu, dapat diketahui bahwa semakin besar nilai HDI (Pendapatan Nasional Bruto) maka semakin tinggi nilai average.IQ suatu negara.

library(tidyverse)
data7 <- IQ %>% filter(HDI..2021. != 0)
data7
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 3      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 4      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 5      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 6      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 7      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 8      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 9     10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 10    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 11    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 12    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 13    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 14    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 15    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 16    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 17    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 18    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 19    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 20    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 21    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 22    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 23    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 24    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 25    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 26    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 27    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 28    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 29    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 30    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 31    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 32    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 33    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 34    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 35    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 36    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 37    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 38    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 39    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 40    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 41    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 42    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 43    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 44    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 45    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 46    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 47    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 48    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 49    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 50    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 51    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 52    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 53    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 54    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 55    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 56    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 57    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 58    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 59    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 60    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 61    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 62    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 63    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 64    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 65    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 66    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 67    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 68    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 69    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 70    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 71    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 72    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 73    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 74    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 75    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 76    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 77    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 78    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 79    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 80    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 81    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 82    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 83    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 84    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 85    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 86    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 87    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 88    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 89    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 90    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 91    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 92    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 93   100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 94   101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 95   103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 96   104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 97   105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 98   106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 99   107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 100  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 101  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 102  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 103  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 104  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 105  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 106  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 107  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 108  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 109  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 110  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 111  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 112  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 113  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 114  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 115  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 116  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 117  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 118  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 119  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 120  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 121  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 122  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 123  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 124  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 125  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 126  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 127  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 128  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 129  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 130  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 131  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 132  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 133  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 134  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 135  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 136  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 137  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 138  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 139  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 140  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 141  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 142  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 143  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 144  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 145  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 146  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 147  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 148  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 149  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 150  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 151  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 152  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 153  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 154  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 155  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 156  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 157  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 158  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 159  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 160  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 161  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 162  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 163  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 164  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 165  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 166  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 167  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 168  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 169  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 170  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 171  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 172  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 173  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 174  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 175  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 176  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 177  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 178  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 179  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 3            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 4            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 5            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 6            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 7            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 8            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 9            0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 10           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 11           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 12           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 13           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 14           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 15           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 16           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 17           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 18           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 19           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 20           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 21           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 22           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 23           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 24           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 25           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 26           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 27           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 28           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 29           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 30           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 31           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 32           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 33           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 34           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 35           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 36           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 37           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 38           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 39           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 40           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 41           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 42           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 43           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 44           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 45           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 46           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 47           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 48           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 49           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 50           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 51           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 52           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 53           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 54           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 55           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 56           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 57           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 58           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 59           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 60           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 61           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 62           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 63           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 64           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 65           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 66           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 67           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 68           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 69           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 70           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 71           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 72           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 73           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 74           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 75           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 76           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 77           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 78           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 79           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 80           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 81           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 82           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 83           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 84           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 85           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 86           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 87           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 88           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 89           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 90           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 91           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 92           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 93           0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 94           0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 95           0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 96           0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 97           0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 98           0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 99           0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 100          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 101          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 102          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 104          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 105          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 106          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 107          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 108          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 109          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 110          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 111          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 112          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 113          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 114          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 115          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 116          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 117          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 118          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 119          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 120          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 121          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 122          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 123          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 124          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 125          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 126          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 127          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 128          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 129          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 130          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 131          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 132          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 133          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 134          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 135          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 136          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 137          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 138          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 139          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 140          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 141          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 142          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 143          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 144          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 145          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 146          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 147          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 148          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 149          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 150          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 151          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 152          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 153          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 154          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 155          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 156          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 157          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 158          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 159          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 160          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 161          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 162          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 163          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 164          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 165          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 166          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 167          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 168          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 169          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 170          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 171          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 172          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 173          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 174          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 175          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 176          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 177          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 178          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 179          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2        90919           6014723
## 3        62607           7491609
## 4        17504        1425671352
## 5        44501          51784059
## 6        18849           9498238
## 7        49452           5545475
## 8       146830             39315
## 9        54534          83294633
## 10       55979          17618299
## 11       38048           1322766
## 12       84649           654.768
## 13        4079          16944826
## 14       46808          38781292
## 15       49238          26439112
## 16       32789          10156239
## 17       66933           8796669
## 18       45225          67736802
## 19       39746           2119675
## 20       44057           5228100
## 21       53619           8958961
## 22       55782           375.319
## 23       60365           5910913
## 24       52293          11686140
## 25       64765         339996564
## 26       64660           5474360
## 27       54489          10612086
## 28       45937          64756584
## 29       33034          41026068
## 30       30690           5795199
## 31       27166         144444359
## 32       37931           2718352
## 33       30132           4008617
## 34       51167            76.965
## 35       76169           5056935
## 36       38745          10495295
## 37       32803           1830212
## 38       42840          58870763
## 39        3085           334.506
## 40       38354          47519628
## 41       38188           1260138
## 42       33155          10247605
## 43       41524           9174520
## 44       12306           281.996
## 45       38884           535.065
## 46        3851          54577997
## 47       10588           3447157
## 48       23079           6687717
## 49       29002          10341277
## 50       12672           623.237
## 51       13256          36744634
## 52       14875           3435931
## 53       19123           7149077
## 54        7867          98858950
## 55        9977          45504560
## 56        7917          35163944
## 57       23943          19606634
## 58       17030          71801279
## 59       13158           2777971
## 60       15242           3210848
## 61       19974           5212173
## 62        9438           787.425
## 63       24563          19629590
## 64       17896         128455567
## 65        4548          10143543
## 66       21269           3423109
## 67       64490           452.524
## 68       26658          34308525
## 69       30486           412.624
## 70       30027          19892812
## 71       31033          85816199
## 72       20925          45773884
## 73       12578          21893579
## 74       22025           1300557
## 75       13021           6516100
## 76       20839           626.485
## 77       23392           1534937
## 78       14257          10412652
## 79       14664           3728282
## 80       12349           6861524
## 81        3696           115.224
## 82        9980           936.375
## 83        4620            41.996
## 84        2482           740.425
## 85        7879          11194449
## 86       39497           1485510
## 87       14370         216422446
## 88       22465           813.834
## 89       14384          52085168
## 90        4811          28838499
## 91        1824          42239854
## 92        2848          11724764
## 93       17990          11332973
## 94       62574           9516871
## 95       15918           2085679
## 96       14131           2832439
## 97        9526           5353930
## 98        8920         117337368
## 99       12246          34352719
## 100       7700           7633779
## 101      15336           6888388
## 102      87134           2716391
## 103       9924          11337053
## 104      15448           521.022
## 105      13001          89172767
## 106       4624         240485658
## 107      13484           126.184
## 108      10258          12458223
## 109       4566           6735348
## 110      26957           4468087
## 111       1364          18278568
## 112       3575          48109006
## 113      25831            107.66
## 114      27054           4644384
## 115      52920           4310108
## 116      11466         277534123
## 117       4009          10329931
## 118      10312          18190484
## 119       6583           5040000
## 120       3344          17763163
## 121       3142           852.075
## 122       1484          30325732
## 123       8111          12388571
## 124       2181          48582334
## 125      46112          36947025
## 126      11732         112716599
## 127       6590        1428627663
## 128      10800          45606481
## 129       4474          55100587
## 130       5466          36684203
## 131       8834           2825544
## 132       2664          67438106
## 133       4192          23227014
## 134       5472         172954319
## 135       3810          16665409
## 136       2118          23251485
## 137      12048           180.251
## 138       1198          33897354
## 139        732          13238559
## 140       1240          27202843
## 141      16792            94.298
## 142       2210          14094683
## 143       3409          13712828
## 144       1466          20931751
## 145       8296           6364943
## 146      16198           2675353
## 147       2700           2330318
## 148      12948          60414495
## 149       7679           1210822
## 150       1729           3748902
## 151       3218          20569738
## 152       2361         126527060
## 153       5025           1136455
## 154       3621          28647293
## 155       4790         223804632
## 156       7303          37840044
## 157       8634           2604172
## 158      11488            73.161
## 159       4021           231.856
## 160       2889           6106869
## 161      11961           103.699
## 162      13367           2436567
## 163       1076         102262809
## 164       1314          34449825
## 165       6309           410.825
## 166        966           5742316
## 167       5298          10593798
## 168       2167           9053799
## 169       2133          23293699
## 170       5075           4862989
## 171        768          11088796
## 172       5745          34121985
## 173       2481          14190612
## 174       5625           7046311
## 175       2172           2773168
## 176       8723          18092026
## 177       1289           5418377
## 178       1622           8791092
## 179       3877          30896590
# membuat scatter plot
plot(data7$HDI..2021.,data7$Average.IQ)

# membuat garis regresi
abline(lm(data7$Average.IQ~data7$HDI..2021.))

# persamaan regresi
lm(data7$Average.IQ~data7$HDI..2021.)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = data7$Average.IQ ~ data7$HDI..2021.)
## 
## Coefficients:
##      (Intercept)  data7$HDI..2021.  
##            34.14             65.97

Hubungan GNI…2021 dengan average.IQ. Hasil regresi linier sederhana menunjukkan persamaan y = 3.822e-04x + 7.396e+01. Oleh karena itu, dapat diketahui bahwa semakin besar nilai GNI (Indeks Pembangunan Manusia) maka semakin tinggi nilai average.IQ suatu negara.

library(tidyverse)
data8 <- IQ %>% filter(GNI...2021 != 0)
data8
##     Rank                          Country Average.IQ       Continent
## 1      1                            Japan     106.48            Asia
## 2      3                        Singapore     105.89            Asia
## 3      4                        Hong Kong     105.37            Asia
## 4      5                            China     104.10            Asia
## 5      6                      South Korea     102.35            Asia
## 6      7                          Belarus     101.60          Europe
## 7      8                          Finland     101.20          Europe
## 8      9                    Liechtenstein     101.07          Europe
## 9     10                          Germany     100.74          Europe
## 10    11                      Netherlands     100.74          Europe
## 11    12                          Estonia     100.72          Europe
## 12    13                       Luxembourg      99.87          Europe
## 13    15                         Cambodia      99.75            Asia
## 14    16                           Canada      99.52   North America
## 15    17                        Australia      99.24         Oceania
## 16    18                          Hungary      99.24          Europe
## 17    19                      Switzerland      99.24          Europe
## 18    20                   United Kingdom      99.12          Europe
## 19    22                         Slovenia      98.60          Europe
## 20    23                      New Zealand      98.57         Oceania
## 21    24                          Austria      98.38          Europe
## 22    25                          Iceland      98.26          Europe
## 23    26                          Denmark      97.83          Europe
## 24    27                          Belgium      97.49          Europe
## 25    28                    United States      97.43   North America
## 26    29                           Norway      97.13          Europe
## 27    30                           Sweden      97.00          Europe
## 28    31                           France      96.69          Europe
## 29    32                           Poland      96.35          Europe
## 30    33                         Slovakia      96.32          Europe
## 31    34                           Russia      96.29     Europe/Asia
## 32    35                        Lithuania      95.89          Europe
## 33    36                          Croatia      95.75          Europe
## 34    37                          Andorra      95.20          Europe
## 35    38                          Ireland      95.13          Europe
## 36    39                   Czech republic      94.92          Europe
## 37    40                           Latvia      94.79          Europe
## 38    41                            Italy      94.23          Europe
## 39    43                          Vanuatu      93.92         Oceania
## 40    44                            Spain      93.90          Europe
## 41    46                           Cyprus      93.39          Europe
## 42    47                         Portugal      92.77          Europe
## 43    48                           Israel      92.43            Asia
## 44    49                         Barbados      91.60 Central America
## 45    50                            Malta      91.27          Europe
## 46    51                          Myanmar      91.18            Asia
## 47    52                         Mongolia      91.03            Asia
## 48    53                         Bulgaria      90.99          Europe
## 49    54                           Greece      90.77          Europe
## 50    55                         Suriname      90.29   South America
## 51    56                          Ukraine      90.07          Europe
## 52    57                         Moldavia      89.98          Europe
## 53    58                           Serbia      89.60          Europe
## 54    59                          Vietnam      89.53            Asia
## 55    60                             Iraq      89.28            Asia
## 56    61                       Uzbekistan      89.01            Asia
## 57    62                       Kazakhstan      88.89            Asia
## 58    63                         Thailand      88.87            Asia
## 59    64                          Armenia      88.82            Asia
## 60    65           Bosnia and Herzegovina      88.54          Europe
## 61    66                       Costa Rica      88.34 Central America
## 62    67                           Bhutan      87.94            Asia
## 63    68                            Chile      87.89   South America
## 64    69                           Mexico      87.73   North America
## 65    70                       Tajikistan      87.71            Asia
## 66    71                          Uruguay      87.59   South America
## 67    72                           Brunei      87.58            Asia
## 68    73                         Malaysia      87.58            Asia
## 69    74                          Bahamas      86.99 Central America
## 70    75                          Romania      86.88          Europe
## 71    76                          Türkiye      86.80     Europe/Asia
## 72    77                        Argentina      86.63   South America
## 73    78                        Sri Lanka      86.62            Asia
## 74    79                        Mauritius      86.56          Africa
## 75    80                     Turkmenistan      85.86            Asia
## 76    81                       Montenegro      85.78          Europe
## 77    82              Trinidad and Tobago      85.63 Central America
## 78    83                       Azerbaijan      84.81            Asia
## 79    84                          Georgia      84.50     Europe/Asia
## 80    86                         Paraguay      84.04   South America
## 81    87   Federated States of Micronesia      83.96         Oceania
## 82    88                             Fiji      83.96         Oceania
## 83    89                 Marshall Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 84    90                  Solomon Islands      83.96         Oceania
## 85    91                             Cuba      83.90 Central America
## 86    92                          Bahrain      83.60            Asia
## 87    93                           Brazil      83.38   South America
## 88    94                           Guyana      83.23   South America
## 89    95                         Colombia      83.13   South America
## 90    96                        Venezuela      82.99   South America
## 91    98                      Afghanistan      82.12            Asia
## 92    99                            Haiti      82.10 Central America
## 93   100               Dominican Republic      82.05 Central America
## 94   101             United Arab Emirates      82.05            Asia
## 95   103                  North Macedonia      81.91          Europe
## 96   104                          Albania      81.75          Europe
## 97   105                          Lebanon      81.70            Asia
## 98   106                      Philippines      81.64            Asia
## 99   107                             Peru      81.44   South America
## 100  109                             Laos      80.99            Asia
## 101  110                            Libya      80.92          Africa
## 102  111                            Qatar      80.78            Asia
## 103  112                           Jordan      80.70            Asia
## 104  113                         Maldives      80.54            Asia
## 105  114                             Iran      80.01            Asia
## 106  115                         Pakistan      80.00            Asia
## 107  116                          Grenade      79.34 Central America
## 108  117                          Tunisia      79.22          Africa
## 109  118                       Kyrgyzstan      79.09            Asia
## 110  119                           Panama      79.00 Central America
## 111  120                             Chad      78.87          Africa
## 112  121                            Sudan      78.87          Africa
## 113  122                       Seychelles      78.76          Africa
## 114  123                             Oman      78.70            Asia
## 115  124                           Kuwait      78.64            Asia
## 116  126                        Indonesia      78.49            Asia
## 117  127                 Papua New Guinea      78.49         Oceania
## 118  128                          Ecuador      78.26   South America
## 119  129                        Palestine      77.69            Asia
## 120  130                          Senegal      77.37          Africa
## 121  131                          Comoros      77.07          Africa
## 122  132                       Madagascar      76.79          Africa
## 123  134                          Bolivia      76.53   South America
## 124  135                           Uganda      76.42          Africa
## 125  136                     Saudi Arabia      76.36            Asia
## 126  137                            Egypt      76.32          Africa
## 127  138                            India      76.24            Asia
## 128  139                          Algeria      76.00          Africa
## 129  140                            Kenya      75.20          Africa
## 130  141                           Angola      75.10          Africa
## 131  142                          Jamaica      75.08 Central America
## 132  143                         Tanzania      74.95          Africa
## 133  144                            Syria      74.41            Asia
## 134  145                       Bangladesh      74.33            Asia
## 135  146                         Zimbabwe      74.01          Africa
## 136  147                     Burkina Faso      73.80          Africa
## 137  148                      Saint Lucia      73.68 Central America
## 138  149                       Mozambique      72.50          Africa
## 139  150                          Burundi      72.09          Africa
## 140  151                            Niger      70.82          Africa
## 141  152              Antigua and Barbuda      70.48 Central America
## 142  153                           Rwanda      69.95          Africa
## 143  154                            Benin      69.71          Africa
## 144  155                           Malawi      69.70          Africa
## 145  156                      El Salvador      69.63 Central America
## 146  157                         Botswana      69.45          Africa
## 147  158                          Lesotho      68.87          Africa
## 148  159                     South Africa      68.87          Africa
## 149  160                         Eswatini      68.87          Africa
## 150  161                          Eritrea      68.77          Africa
## 151  163                           Zambia      68.43          Africa
## 152  164                         Ethiopia      68.42          Africa
## 153  165                         Djibouti      68.41          Africa
## 154  166                         Cameroon      67.76          Africa
## 155  167                          Nigeria      67.76          Africa
## 156  169                          Morocco      67.03          Africa
## 157  170                          Namibia      66.19          Africa
## 158  171                         Dominica      66.03 Central America
## 159  172            Sao Tome and Principe      65.22          Africa
## 160  173                            Congo      64.92          Africa
## 161  174 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines      63.42 Central America
## 162  175                            Gabon      62.97          Africa
## 163  176                   Congo Republic      62.97          Africa
## 164  177                            Yemen      62.86            Asia
## 165  178                           Belize      62.55 Central America
## 166  179         Central African Republic      62.55          Africa
## 167  180                         Honduras      62.16 Central America
## 168  181                             Togo      59.83          Africa
## 169  182                             Mali      59.76          Africa
## 170  183                       Mauritania      59.76          Africa
## 171  184                      South Sudan      58.61          Africa
## 172  185                            Ghana      58.16          Africa
## 173  187                           Guinea      53.48          Africa
## 174  188                        Nicaragua      52.69 Central America
## 175  189                           Gambia      52.68          Africa
## 176  190                        Guatemala      47.72 Central America
## 177  191                          Liberia      45.07          Africa
## 178  192                     Sierra Leone      45.07          Africa
## 179  193                            Nepal      42.99            Asia
##     Literacy.Rate Nobel.Prices HDI..2021. Mean.years.of.schooling...2021
## 1            0.99           29      0.925                           13.4
## 2            0.97            0      0.939                           11.9
## 3            0.94            1      0.952                           12.2
## 4            0.96            8      0.768                            7.6
## 5            0.98            0      0.925                           12.5
## 6            1.00            2      0.808                           12.1
## 7            1.00            5      0.940                           12.9
## 8            1.00            0      0.935                           12.5
## 9            0.99          111      0.942                           14.1
## 10           0.99           22      0.941                           12.6
## 11           1.00            0      0.890                           13.5
## 12           1.00            2      0.930                           13.0
## 13           0.78            0      0.593                            5.1
## 14           0.99           28      0.936                           13.8
## 15           0.99           12      0.951                           12.7
## 16           0.99           13      0.846                           12.2
## 17           0.99           27      0.962                           13.9
## 18           0.99          137      0.929                           13.4
## 19           1.00            1      0.918                           12.8
## 20           0.99            3      0.937                           12.9
## 21           0.98           22      0.916                           12.3
## 22           0.99            1      0.959                           13.8
## 23           0.99           13      0.948                           13.0
## 24           0.99           11      0.937                           12.4
## 25           0.99          400      0.921                           13.7
## 26           1.00           13      0.961                           13.0
## 27           0.99           32      0.947                           12.6
## 28           0.99           71      0.903                           11.6
## 29           1.00           19      0.876                           13.2
## 30           1.00            0      0.848                           12.9
## 31           1.00            0      0.822                           12.8
## 32           1.00            3      0.875                           13.5
## 33           0.99            2      0.858                           12.2
## 34           1.00            0      0.858                           10.6
## 35           0.99           11      0.945                           11.6
## 36           0.99            6      0.889                           12.9
## 37           1.00            1      0.863                           13.3
## 38           0.99           21      0.895                           10.7
## 39           0.85            0      0.607                            7.1
## 40           0.98            8      0.905                           10.6
## 41           0.99            1      0.896                           12.4
## 42           0.95            2      0.866                            9.6
## 43           0.97           13      0.919                           13.3
## 44           1.00            0      0.790                            9.9
## 45           0.94            0      0.918                           12.2
## 46           0.93            1      0.585                            6.4
## 47           0.98            0      0.739                            9.4
## 48           0.98            1      0.795                           11.4
## 49           0.95            2      0.887                           11.4
## 50           0.96            0      0.730                            9.8
## 51           1.00            6      0.773                           11.1
## 52           0.99            0      0.767                           11.8
## 53           0.98            0      0.802                           11.4
## 54           0.95            1      0.703                            8.4
## 55           0.80            1      0.686                            7.9
## 56           1.00            0      0.727                           11.9
## 57           1.00            0      0.811                           12.3
## 58           0.94            0      0.800                            8.7
## 59           1.00            0      0.759                           11.3
## 60           0.98            2      0.780                           10.5
## 61           0.98            1      0.809                            8.8
## 62           0.64            0      0.666                            5.2
## 63           0.97            2      0.855                           10.9
## 64           0.95            3      0.758                            9.2
## 65           1.00            0      0.685                           11.3
## 66           0.98            0      0.809                            9.0
## 67           0.97            0      0.829                            9.2
## 68           0.95            0      0.803                           10.6
## 69           0.96            0      0.812                           12.6
## 70           0.99            5      0.821                           11.3
## 71           0.96            2      0.838                            8.6
## 72           0.98            5      0.842                           11.1
## 73           0.93            0      0.782                           10.8
## 74           0.91            0      0.802                           10.4
## 75           1.00            0      0.745                           11.3
## 76           0.99            0      0.832                           12.2
## 77           0.99            1      0.810                           11.6
## 78           1.00            1      0.745                           10.5
## 79           1.00            0      0.802                           12.8
## 80           0.96            0      0.717                            8.9
## 81           0.89            0      0.628                            7.8
## 82           0.94            0      0.730                           10.9
## 83           0.98            0      0.639                           10.9
## 84           0.84            0      0.564                            5.7
## 85           1.00            0      0.764                           12.5
## 86           0.96            0      0.875                           11.0
## 87           0.93            0      0.754                            8.1
## 88           0.88            0      0.714                            8.6
## 89           0.95            2      0.752                            8.9
## 90           0.95            1      0.691                           11.1
## 91           0.38            0      0.478                            3.0
## 92           0.61            0      0.535                            5.6
## 93           0.92            0      0.767                            9.3
## 94           0.93            0      0.911                           12.7
## 95           0.98            0      0.770                           10.2
## 96           0.98            0      0.796                           11.3
## 97           0.94            0      0.706                            8.7
## 98           0.97            1      0.699                            9.0
## 99           0.94            1      0.762                            9.9
## 100          0.80            0      0.607                            5.4
## 101          0.91            0      0.718                            7.6
## 102          0.98            0      0.855                           10.0
## 103          0.98            0      0.720                           10.4
## 104          0.99            0      0.747                            7.3
## 105          0.87            1      0.774                           10.6
## 106          0.56            2      0.544                            4.5
## 107          0.96            0      0.795                            9.0
## 108          0.81            1      0.731                            7.4
## 109          0.99            0      0.692                           11.4
## 110          0.95            0      0.805                           10.5
## 111          0.40            0      0.394                            2.6
## 112          0.59            0      0.508                            3.8
## 113          0.95            0      0.785                           10.3
## 114          0.94            0      0.816                           11.7
## 115          0.96            0      0.831                            7.3
## 116          0.95            0      0.705                            8.6
## 117          0.63            0      0.558                            4.7
## 118          0.95            0      0.740                            8.8
## 119          0.97            1      0.715                            9.9
## 120          0.56            0      0.511                            2.9
## 121          0.78            0      0.558                            5.1
## 122          0.65            0      0.501                            5.1
## 123          0.95            0      0.692                            9.8
## 124          0.74            0      0.525                            5.7
## 125          0.95            0      0.875                           11.3
## 126          0.76            4      0.731                            9.6
## 127          0.72           12      0.633                            6.7
## 128          0.80            2      0.745                            8.1
## 129          0.78            1      0.575                            6.7
## 130          0.71            0      0.586                            5.4
## 131          0.89            0      0.709                            9.2
## 132          0.80            1      0.549                            6.4
## 133          0.86            0      0.577                            5.1
## 134          0.61            2      0.661                            7.4
## 135          0.87            0      0.593                            8.7
## 136          0.38            0      0.449                            2.1
## 137          0.90            2      0.715                            8.5
## 138          0.59            0      0.446                            3.2
## 139          0.85            0      0.426                            3.1
## 140          0.19            0      0.400                            2.1
## 141          0.99            0      0.788                            9.3
## 142          0.71            0      0.534                            4.4
## 143          0.38            0      0.525                            4.3
## 144          0.66            0      0.512                            4.5
## 145          0.88            0      0.675                            7.2
## 146          0.88            0      0.693                           10.3
## 147          0.79            0      0.514                            6.0
## 148          0.95           11      0.713                           11.4
## 149          0.87            0      0.597                            5.6
## 150          0.74            0      0.492                            4.9
## 151          0.85            0      0.565                            7.2
## 152          0.49            1      0.498                            3.2
## 153          0.68            0      0.509                            4.1
## 154          0.75            0      0.576                            6.2
## 155          0.60            1      0.535                            7.2
## 156          0.72            1      0.683                            5.9
## 157          0.91            0      0.615                            7.2
## 158          0.94            0      0.720                            8.1
## 159          0.92            0      0.618                            6.2
## 160          0.77            0      0.571                            6.2
## 161          0.96            0      0.751                           10.8
## 162          0.83            0      0.706                            9.4
## 163          0.79            0      0.479                            7.0
## 164          0.70            1      0.455                            3.2
## 165          0.83            0      0.683                            8.8
## 166          0.37            0      0.404                            4.3
## 167          0.88            0      0.621                            7.1
## 168          0.67            0      0.539                            5.0
## 169          0.33            0      0.428                            2.3
## 170          0.52            0      0.556                            4.9
## 171          0.32            0      0.385                            5.7
## 172          0.77            1      0.632                            8.3
## 173          0.30            0      0.465                            2.2
## 174          0.82            0      0.667                            7.1
## 175          0.58            0      0.500                            4.6
## 176          0.79            2      0.627                            5.7
## 177          0.48            2      0.481                            5.1
## 178          0.48            0      0.477                            4.6
## 179          0.65            0      0.602                            5.1
##     GNI...2021 Population...2023
## 1        42274         123294513
## 2        90919           6014723
## 3        62607           7491609
## 4        17504        1425671352
## 5        44501          51784059
## 6        18849           9498238
## 7        49452           5545475
## 8       146830             39315
## 9        54534          83294633
## 10       55979          17618299
## 11       38048           1322766
## 12       84649           654.768
## 13        4079          16944826
## 14       46808          38781292
## 15       49238          26439112
## 16       32789          10156239
## 17       66933           8796669
## 18       45225          67736802
## 19       39746           2119675
## 20       44057           5228100
## 21       53619           8958961
## 22       55782           375.319
## 23       60365           5910913
## 24       52293          11686140
## 25       64765         339996564
## 26       64660           5474360
## 27       54489          10612086
## 28       45937          64756584
## 29       33034          41026068
## 30       30690           5795199
## 31       27166         144444359
## 32       37931           2718352
## 33       30132           4008617
## 34       51167            76.965
## 35       76169           5056935
## 36       38745          10495295
## 37       32803           1830212
## 38       42840          58870763
## 39        3085           334.506
## 40       38354          47519628
## 41       38188           1260138
## 42       33155          10247605
## 43       41524           9174520
## 44       12306           281.996
## 45       38884           535.065
## 46        3851          54577997
## 47       10588           3447157
## 48       23079           6687717
## 49       29002          10341277
## 50       12672           623.237
## 51       13256          36744634
## 52       14875           3435931
## 53       19123           7149077
## 54        7867          98858950
## 55        9977          45504560
## 56        7917          35163944
## 57       23943          19606634
## 58       17030          71801279
## 59       13158           2777971
## 60       15242           3210848
## 61       19974           5212173
## 62        9438           787.425
## 63       24563          19629590
## 64       17896         128455567
## 65        4548          10143543
## 66       21269           3423109
## 67       64490           452.524
## 68       26658          34308525
## 69       30486           412.624
## 70       30027          19892812
## 71       31033          85816199
## 72       20925          45773884
## 73       12578          21893579
## 74       22025           1300557
## 75       13021           6516100
## 76       20839           626.485
## 77       23392           1534937
## 78       14257          10412652
## 79       14664           3728282
## 80       12349           6861524
## 81        3696           115.224
## 82        9980           936.375
## 83        4620            41.996
## 84        2482           740.425
## 85        7879          11194449
## 86       39497           1485510
## 87       14370         216422446
## 88       22465           813.834
## 89       14384          52085168
## 90        4811          28838499
## 91        1824          42239854
## 92        2848          11724764
## 93       17990          11332973
## 94       62574           9516871
## 95       15918           2085679
## 96       14131           2832439
## 97        9526           5353930
## 98        8920         117337368
## 99       12246          34352719
## 100       7700           7633779
## 101      15336           6888388
## 102      87134           2716391
## 103       9924          11337053
## 104      15448           521.022
## 105      13001          89172767
## 106       4624         240485658
## 107      13484           126.184
## 108      10258          12458223
## 109       4566           6735348
## 110      26957           4468087
## 111       1364          18278568
## 112       3575          48109006
## 113      25831            107.66
## 114      27054           4644384
## 115      52920           4310108
## 116      11466         277534123
## 117       4009          10329931
## 118      10312          18190484
## 119       6583           5040000
## 120       3344          17763163
## 121       3142           852.075
## 122       1484          30325732
## 123       8111          12388571
## 124       2181          48582334
## 125      46112          36947025
## 126      11732         112716599
## 127       6590        1428627663
## 128      10800          45606481
## 129       4474          55100587
## 130       5466          36684203
## 131       8834           2825544
## 132       2664          67438106
## 133       4192          23227014
## 134       5472         172954319
## 135       3810          16665409
## 136       2118          23251485
## 137      12048           180.251
## 138       1198          33897354
## 139        732          13238559
## 140       1240          27202843
## 141      16792            94.298
## 142       2210          14094683
## 143       3409          13712828
## 144       1466          20931751
## 145       8296           6364943
## 146      16198           2675353
## 147       2700           2330318
## 148      12948          60414495
## 149       7679           1210822
## 150       1729           3748902
## 151       3218          20569738
## 152       2361         126527060
## 153       5025           1136455
## 154       3621          28647293
## 155       4790         223804632
## 156       7303          37840044
## 157       8634           2604172
## 158      11488            73.161
## 159       4021           231.856
## 160       2889           6106869
## 161      11961           103.699
## 162      13367           2436567
## 163       1076         102262809
## 164       1314          34449825
## 165       6309           410.825
## 166        966           5742316
## 167       5298          10593798
## 168       2167           9053799
## 169       2133          23293699
## 170       5075           4862989
## 171        768          11088796
## 172       5745          34121985
## 173       2481          14190612
## 174       5625           7046311
## 175       2172           2773168
## 176       8723          18092026
## 177       1289           5418377
## 178       1622           8791092
## 179       3877          30896590
# membuat scatter plot
plot(data8$GNI...2021,data8$Average.IQ)

# membuat garis regresi
abline(lm(data8$Average.IQ~data8$GNI...2021))

# persamaan regresi
lm(data8$Average.IQ~data8$GNI...2021)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = data8$Average.IQ ~ data8$GNI...2021)
## 
## Coefficients:
##      (Intercept)  data8$GNI...2021  
##        7.396e+01         3.822e-04