library(datasets)
library(dplyr)
## Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(tidyverse)
## Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'forcats' was built under R version 4.3.2
## Warning: package 'lubridate' was built under R version 4.3.2
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ readr     2.1.4
## ✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ stringr   1.5.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
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## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
data("iris")
class(iris)
## [1] "data.frame"
View(iris)
glimpse(iris)
## Rows: 150
## Columns: 5
## $ Sepal.Length <dbl> 5.1, 4.9, 4.7, 4.6, 5.0, 5.4, 4.6, 5.0, 4.4, 4.9, 5.4, 4.…
## $ Sepal.Width  <dbl> 3.5, 3.0, 3.2, 3.1, 3.6, 3.9, 3.4, 3.4, 2.9, 3.1, 3.7, 3.…
## $ Petal.Length <dbl> 1.4, 1.4, 1.3, 1.5, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4, 1.5, 1.4, 1.5, 1.5, 1.…
## $ Petal.Width  <dbl> 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.2, 0.…
## $ Species      <fct> setosa, setosa, setosa, setosa, setosa, setosa, setosa, s…
mean(iris$Sepal.Length)==iris$Sepal.Length %>% mean ()
## [1] TRUE
x <- c(0.109, 0.359, 0.63, 0.996, 0.515, 0.142, 0.017, 0.829, 0.907)

x %>% log () %>%
  diff() %>%
  exp() %>%
  round(1) 
## [1]  3.3  1.8  1.6  0.5  0.3  0.1 48.8  1.1
iris %>% group_by(Species) %>% summarize(mean=mean(Sepal.Length))
## # A tibble: 3 × 2
##   Species     mean
##   <fct>      <dbl>
## 1 setosa      5.01
## 2 versicolor  5.94
## 3 virginica   6.59
iris %>% arrange(Sepal.Length)
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species
## 1            4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa
## 2            4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 3            4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 4            4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 5            4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 6            4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 7            4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 8            4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa
## 9            4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 10           4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 11           4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 12           4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 13           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 14           4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa
## 15           4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 16           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 17           4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 18           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 19           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 20           4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 21           4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 22           4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica
## 23           5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 24           5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 25           5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 26           5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa
## 27           5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 28           5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 29           5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa
## 30           5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 31           5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 32           5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 33           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 34           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 35           5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa
## 36           5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 37           5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa
## 38           5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 39           5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa
## 40           5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 41           5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor
## 42           5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 43           5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 44           5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 45           5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor
## 46           5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 47           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa
## 48           5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 49           5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa
## 50           5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa
## 51           5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 52           5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 53           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 54           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 55           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 56           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor
## 57           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor
## 58           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 59           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor
## 60           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor
## 61           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 62           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor
## 63           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 64           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 65           5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica
## 66           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 67           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa
## 68           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor
## 69           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 70           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor
## 71           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 72           5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 73           5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica
## 74           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 75           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor
## 76           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor
## 77           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor
## 78           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 79           5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica
## 80           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 81           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor
## 82           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor
## 83           5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica
## 84           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor
## 85           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 86           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor
## 87           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor
## 88           6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica
## 89           6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 90           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 91           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 92           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor
## 93           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor
## 94           6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 95           6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica
## 96           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 97           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 98           6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 99           6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica
## 100          6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor
## 101          6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 102          6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor
## 103          6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica
## 104          6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica
## 105          6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 106          6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica
## 107          6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 108          6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica
## 109          6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 110          6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 111          6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica
## 112          6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica
## 113          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica
## 114          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica
## 115          6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 116          6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor
## 117          6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica
## 118          6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica
## 119          6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 120          6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica
## 121          6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor
## 122          6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 123          6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 124          6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor
## 125          6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor
## 126          6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica
## 127          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica
## 128          6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 129          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica
## 130          6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica
## 131          6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor
## 132          6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica
## 133          6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica
## 134          6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 135          6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica
## 136          6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica
## 137          6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica
## 138          7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 139          7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica
## 140          7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica
## 141          7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica
## 142          7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica
## 143          7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica
## 144          7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica
## 145          7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica
## 146          7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica
## 147          7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica
## 148          7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica
## 149          7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica
## 150          7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica
iris %>% arrange(desc(Sepal.Length))
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species
## 1            7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica
## 2            7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica
## 3            7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica
## 4            7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica
## 5            7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica
## 6            7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica
## 7            7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica
## 8            7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica
## 9            7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica
## 10           7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica
## 11           7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica
## 12           7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica
## 13           7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 14           6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 15           6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica
## 16           6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica
## 17           6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica
## 18           6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor
## 19           6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica
## 20           6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica
## 21           6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 22           6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor
## 23           6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor
## 24           6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica
## 25           6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica
## 26           6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 27           6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica
## 28           6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica
## 29           6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor
## 30           6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor
## 31           6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor
## 32           6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica
## 33           6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica
## 34           6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 35           6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica
## 36           6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 37           6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 38           6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica
## 39           6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica
## 40           6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica
## 41           6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica
## 42           6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica
## 43           6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor
## 44           6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor
## 45           6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor
## 46           6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica
## 47           6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica
## 48           6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 49           6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica
## 50           6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica
## 51           6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica
## 52           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 53           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor
## 54           6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 55           6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica
## 56           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor
## 57           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 58           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor
## 59           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor
## 60           6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica
## 61           6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica
## 62           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor
## 63           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 64           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor
## 65           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor
## 66           6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica
## 67           6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica
## 68           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor
## 69           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor
## 70           5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica
## 71           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 72           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor
## 73           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor
## 74           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor
## 75           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 76           5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica
## 77           5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica
## 78           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 79           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa
## 80           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor
## 81           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 82           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor
## 83           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 84           5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 85           5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica
## 86           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor
## 87           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 88           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor
## 89           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor
## 90           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor
## 91           5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica
## 92           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 93           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 94           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 95           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor
## 96           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor
## 97           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor
## 98           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor
## 99           5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa
## 100          5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 101          5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa
## 102          5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa
## 103          5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 104          5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor
## 105          5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 106          5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 107          5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 108          5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 109          5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor
## 110          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 111          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 112          5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa
## 113          5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa
## 114          5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa
## 115          5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 116          5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa
## 117          5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 118          5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor
## 119          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 120          5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 121          5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 122          5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa
## 123          5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa
## 124          5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 125          5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa
## 126          5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 127          5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor
## 128          5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 129          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 130          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa
## 131          4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 132          4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 133          4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor
## 134          4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica
## 135          4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 136          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa
## 137          4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa
## 138          4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 139          4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 140          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 141          4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa
## 142          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa
## 143          4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa
## 144          4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa
## 145          4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 146          4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa
## 147          4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa
## 148          4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 149          4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa
## 150          4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa
iris %>% select(Petal.Width,Species,Petal.Length) 
##     Petal.Width    Species Petal.Length
## 1           0.2     setosa          1.4
## 2           0.2     setosa          1.4
## 3           0.2     setosa          1.3
## 4           0.2     setosa          1.5
## 5           0.2     setosa          1.4
## 6           0.4     setosa          1.7
## 7           0.3     setosa          1.4
## 8           0.2     setosa          1.5
## 9           0.2     setosa          1.4
## 10          0.1     setosa          1.5
## 11          0.2     setosa          1.5
## 12          0.2     setosa          1.6
## 13          0.1     setosa          1.4
## 14          0.1     setosa          1.1
## 15          0.2     setosa          1.2
## 16          0.4     setosa          1.5
## 17          0.4     setosa          1.3
## 18          0.3     setosa          1.4
## 19          0.3     setosa          1.7
## 20          0.3     setosa          1.5
## 21          0.2     setosa          1.7
## 22          0.4     setosa          1.5
## 23          0.2     setosa          1.0
## 24          0.5     setosa          1.7
## 25          0.2     setosa          1.9
## 26          0.2     setosa          1.6
## 27          0.4     setosa          1.6
## 28          0.2     setosa          1.5
## 29          0.2     setosa          1.4
## 30          0.2     setosa          1.6
## 31          0.2     setosa          1.6
## 32          0.4     setosa          1.5
## 33          0.1     setosa          1.5
## 34          0.2     setosa          1.4
## 35          0.2     setosa          1.5
## 36          0.2     setosa          1.2
## 37          0.2     setosa          1.3
## 38          0.1     setosa          1.4
## 39          0.2     setosa          1.3
## 40          0.2     setosa          1.5
## 41          0.3     setosa          1.3
## 42          0.3     setosa          1.3
## 43          0.2     setosa          1.3
## 44          0.6     setosa          1.6
## 45          0.4     setosa          1.9
## 46          0.3     setosa          1.4
## 47          0.2     setosa          1.6
## 48          0.2     setosa          1.4
## 49          0.2     setosa          1.5
## 50          0.2     setosa          1.4
## 51          1.4 versicolor          4.7
## 52          1.5 versicolor          4.5
## 53          1.5 versicolor          4.9
## 54          1.3 versicolor          4.0
## 55          1.5 versicolor          4.6
## 56          1.3 versicolor          4.5
## 57          1.6 versicolor          4.7
## 58          1.0 versicolor          3.3
## 59          1.3 versicolor          4.6
## 60          1.4 versicolor          3.9
## 61          1.0 versicolor          3.5
## 62          1.5 versicolor          4.2
## 63          1.0 versicolor          4.0
## 64          1.4 versicolor          4.7
## 65          1.3 versicolor          3.6
## 66          1.4 versicolor          4.4
## 67          1.5 versicolor          4.5
## 68          1.0 versicolor          4.1
## 69          1.5 versicolor          4.5
## 70          1.1 versicolor          3.9
## 71          1.8 versicolor          4.8
## 72          1.3 versicolor          4.0
## 73          1.5 versicolor          4.9
## 74          1.2 versicolor          4.7
## 75          1.3 versicolor          4.3
## 76          1.4 versicolor          4.4
## 77          1.4 versicolor          4.8
## 78          1.7 versicolor          5.0
## 79          1.5 versicolor          4.5
## 80          1.0 versicolor          3.5
## 81          1.1 versicolor          3.8
## 82          1.0 versicolor          3.7
## 83          1.2 versicolor          3.9
## 84          1.6 versicolor          5.1
## 85          1.5 versicolor          4.5
## 86          1.6 versicolor          4.5
## 87          1.5 versicolor          4.7
## 88          1.3 versicolor          4.4
## 89          1.3 versicolor          4.1
## 90          1.3 versicolor          4.0
## 91          1.2 versicolor          4.4
## 92          1.4 versicolor          4.6
## 93          1.2 versicolor          4.0
## 94          1.0 versicolor          3.3
## 95          1.3 versicolor          4.2
## 96          1.2 versicolor          4.2
## 97          1.3 versicolor          4.2
## 98          1.3 versicolor          4.3
## 99          1.1 versicolor          3.0
## 100         1.3 versicolor          4.1
## 101         2.5  virginica          6.0
## 102         1.9  virginica          5.1
## 103         2.1  virginica          5.9
## 104         1.8  virginica          5.6
## 105         2.2  virginica          5.8
## 106         2.1  virginica          6.6
## 107         1.7  virginica          4.5
## 108         1.8  virginica          6.3
## 109         1.8  virginica          5.8
## 110         2.5  virginica          6.1
## 111         2.0  virginica          5.1
## 112         1.9  virginica          5.3
## 113         2.1  virginica          5.5
## 114         2.0  virginica          5.0
## 115         2.4  virginica          5.1
## 116         2.3  virginica          5.3
## 117         1.8  virginica          5.5
## 118         2.2  virginica          6.7
## 119         2.3  virginica          6.9
## 120         1.5  virginica          5.0
## 121         2.3  virginica          5.7
## 122         2.0  virginica          4.9
## 123         2.0  virginica          6.7
## 124         1.8  virginica          4.9
## 125         2.1  virginica          5.7
## 126         1.8  virginica          6.0
## 127         1.8  virginica          4.8
## 128         1.8  virginica          4.9
## 129         2.1  virginica          5.6
## 130         1.6  virginica          5.8
## 131         1.9  virginica          6.1
## 132         2.0  virginica          6.4
## 133         2.2  virginica          5.6
## 134         1.5  virginica          5.1
## 135         1.4  virginica          5.6
## 136         2.3  virginica          6.1
## 137         2.4  virginica          5.6
## 138         1.8  virginica          5.5
## 139         1.8  virginica          4.8
## 140         2.1  virginica          5.4
## 141         2.4  virginica          5.6
## 142         2.3  virginica          5.1
## 143         1.9  virginica          5.1
## 144         2.3  virginica          5.9
## 145         2.5  virginica          5.7
## 146         2.3  virginica          5.2
## 147         1.9  virginica          5.0
## 148         2.0  virginica          5.2
## 149         2.3  virginica          5.4
## 150         1.8  virginica          5.1
iris %>% select(Petal.Length,Species)
##     Petal.Length    Species
## 1            1.4     setosa
## 2            1.4     setosa
## 3            1.3     setosa
## 4            1.5     setosa
## 5            1.4     setosa
## 6            1.7     setosa
## 7            1.4     setosa
## 8            1.5     setosa
## 9            1.4     setosa
## 10           1.5     setosa
## 11           1.5     setosa
## 12           1.6     setosa
## 13           1.4     setosa
## 14           1.1     setosa
## 15           1.2     setosa
## 16           1.5     setosa
## 17           1.3     setosa
## 18           1.4     setosa
## 19           1.7     setosa
## 20           1.5     setosa
## 21           1.7     setosa
## 22           1.5     setosa
## 23           1.0     setosa
## 24           1.7     setosa
## 25           1.9     setosa
## 26           1.6     setosa
## 27           1.6     setosa
## 28           1.5     setosa
## 29           1.4     setosa
## 30           1.6     setosa
## 31           1.6     setosa
## 32           1.5     setosa
## 33           1.5     setosa
## 34           1.4     setosa
## 35           1.5     setosa
## 36           1.2     setosa
## 37           1.3     setosa
## 38           1.4     setosa
## 39           1.3     setosa
## 40           1.5     setosa
## 41           1.3     setosa
## 42           1.3     setosa
## 43           1.3     setosa
## 44           1.6     setosa
## 45           1.9     setosa
## 46           1.4     setosa
## 47           1.6     setosa
## 48           1.4     setosa
## 49           1.5     setosa
## 50           1.4     setosa
## 51           4.7 versicolor
## 52           4.5 versicolor
## 53           4.9 versicolor
## 54           4.0 versicolor
## 55           4.6 versicolor
## 56           4.5 versicolor
## 57           4.7 versicolor
## 58           3.3 versicolor
## 59           4.6 versicolor
## 60           3.9 versicolor
## 61           3.5 versicolor
## 62           4.2 versicolor
## 63           4.0 versicolor
## 64           4.7 versicolor
## 65           3.6 versicolor
## 66           4.4 versicolor
## 67           4.5 versicolor
## 68           4.1 versicolor
## 69           4.5 versicolor
## 70           3.9 versicolor
## 71           4.8 versicolor
## 72           4.0 versicolor
## 73           4.9 versicolor
## 74           4.7 versicolor
## 75           4.3 versicolor
## 76           4.4 versicolor
## 77           4.8 versicolor
## 78           5.0 versicolor
## 79           4.5 versicolor
## 80           3.5 versicolor
## 81           3.8 versicolor
## 82           3.7 versicolor
## 83           3.9 versicolor
## 84           5.1 versicolor
## 85           4.5 versicolor
## 86           4.5 versicolor
## 87           4.7 versicolor
## 88           4.4 versicolor
## 89           4.1 versicolor
## 90           4.0 versicolor
## 91           4.4 versicolor
## 92           4.6 versicolor
## 93           4.0 versicolor
## 94           3.3 versicolor
## 95           4.2 versicolor
## 96           4.2 versicolor
## 97           4.2 versicolor
## 98           4.3 versicolor
## 99           3.0 versicolor
## 100          4.1 versicolor
## 101          6.0  virginica
## 102          5.1  virginica
## 103          5.9  virginica
## 104          5.6  virginica
## 105          5.8  virginica
## 106          6.6  virginica
## 107          4.5  virginica
## 108          6.3  virginica
## 109          5.8  virginica
## 110          6.1  virginica
## 111          5.1  virginica
## 112          5.3  virginica
## 113          5.5  virginica
## 114          5.0  virginica
## 115          5.1  virginica
## 116          5.3  virginica
## 117          5.5  virginica
## 118          6.7  virginica
## 119          6.9  virginica
## 120          5.0  virginica
## 121          5.7  virginica
## 122          4.9  virginica
## 123          6.7  virginica
## 124          4.9  virginica
## 125          5.7  virginica
## 126          6.0  virginica
## 127          4.8  virginica
## 128          4.9  virginica
## 129          5.6  virginica
## 130          5.8  virginica
## 131          6.1  virginica
## 132          6.4  virginica
## 133          5.6  virginica
## 134          5.1  virginica
## 135          5.6  virginica
## 136          6.1  virginica
## 137          5.6  virginica
## 138          5.5  virginica
## 139          4.8  virginica
## 140          5.4  virginica
## 141          5.6  virginica
## 142          5.1  virginica
## 143          5.1  virginica
## 144          5.9  virginica
## 145          5.7  virginica
## 146          5.2  virginica
## 147          5.0  virginica
## 148          5.2  virginica
## 149          5.4  virginica
## 150          5.1  virginica
iris %>% mutate(sepal=Sepal.Length+Sepal.Width)
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width    Species sepal
## 1            5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 2            4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 3            4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 4            4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa   7.7
## 5            5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 6            5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4     setosa   9.3
## 7            4.6         3.4          1.4         0.3     setosa   8.0
## 8            5.0         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.4
## 9            4.4         2.9          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.3
## 10           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.1     setosa   8.0
## 11           5.4         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa   9.1
## 12           4.8         3.4          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 13           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.1     setosa   7.8
## 14           4.3         3.0          1.1         0.1     setosa   7.3
## 15           5.8         4.0          1.2         0.2     setosa   9.8
## 16           5.7         4.4          1.5         0.4     setosa  10.1
## 17           5.4         3.9          1.3         0.4     setosa   9.3
## 18           5.1         3.5          1.4         0.3     setosa   8.6
## 19           5.7         3.8          1.7         0.3     setosa   9.5
## 20           5.1         3.8          1.5         0.3     setosa   8.9
## 21           5.4         3.4          1.7         0.2     setosa   8.8
## 22           5.1         3.7          1.5         0.4     setosa   8.8
## 23           4.6         3.6          1.0         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 24           5.1         3.3          1.7         0.5     setosa   8.4
## 25           4.8         3.4          1.9         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 26           5.0         3.0          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.0
## 27           5.0         3.4          1.6         0.4     setosa   8.4
## 28           5.2         3.5          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.7
## 29           5.2         3.4          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.6
## 30           4.7         3.2          1.6         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 31           4.8         3.1          1.6         0.2     setosa   7.9
## 32           5.4         3.4          1.5         0.4     setosa   8.8
## 33           5.2         4.1          1.5         0.1     setosa   9.3
## 34           5.5         4.2          1.4         0.2     setosa   9.7
## 35           4.9         3.1          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.0
## 36           5.0         3.2          1.2         0.2     setosa   8.2
## 37           5.5         3.5          1.3         0.2     setosa   9.0
## 38           4.9         3.6          1.4         0.1     setosa   8.5
## 39           4.4         3.0          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.4
## 40           5.1         3.4          1.5         0.2     setosa   8.5
## 41           5.0         3.5          1.3         0.3     setosa   8.5
## 42           4.5         2.3          1.3         0.3     setosa   6.8
## 43           4.4         3.2          1.3         0.2     setosa   7.6
## 44           5.0         3.5          1.6         0.6     setosa   8.5
## 45           5.1         3.8          1.9         0.4     setosa   8.9
## 46           4.8         3.0          1.4         0.3     setosa   7.8
## 47           5.1         3.8          1.6         0.2     setosa   8.9
## 48           4.6         3.2          1.4         0.2     setosa   7.8
## 49           5.3         3.7          1.5         0.2     setosa   9.0
## 50           5.0         3.3          1.4         0.2     setosa   8.3
## 51           7.0         3.2          4.7         1.4 versicolor  10.2
## 52           6.4         3.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor   9.6
## 53           6.9         3.1          4.9         1.5 versicolor  10.0
## 54           5.5         2.3          4.0         1.3 versicolor   7.8
## 55           6.5         2.8          4.6         1.5 versicolor   9.3
## 56           5.7         2.8          4.5         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 57           6.3         3.3          4.7         1.6 versicolor   9.6
## 58           4.9         2.4          3.3         1.0 versicolor   7.3
## 59           6.6         2.9          4.6         1.3 versicolor   9.5
## 60           5.2         2.7          3.9         1.4 versicolor   7.9
## 61           5.0         2.0          3.5         1.0 versicolor   7.0
## 62           5.9         3.0          4.2         1.5 versicolor   8.9
## 63           6.0         2.2          4.0         1.0 versicolor   8.2
## 64           6.1         2.9          4.7         1.4 versicolor   9.0
## 65           5.6         2.9          3.6         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 66           6.7         3.1          4.4         1.4 versicolor   9.8
## 67           5.6         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.6
## 68           5.8         2.7          4.1         1.0 versicolor   8.5
## 69           6.2         2.2          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.4
## 70           5.6         2.5          3.9         1.1 versicolor   8.1
## 71           5.9         3.2          4.8         1.8 versicolor   9.1
## 72           6.1         2.8          4.0         1.3 versicolor   8.9
## 73           6.3         2.5          4.9         1.5 versicolor   8.8
## 74           6.1         2.8          4.7         1.2 versicolor   8.9
## 75           6.4         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor   9.3
## 76           6.6         3.0          4.4         1.4 versicolor   9.6
## 77           6.8         2.8          4.8         1.4 versicolor   9.6
## 78           6.7         3.0          5.0         1.7 versicolor   9.7
## 79           6.0         2.9          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.9
## 80           5.7         2.6          3.5         1.0 versicolor   8.3
## 81           5.5         2.4          3.8         1.1 versicolor   7.9
## 82           5.5         2.4          3.7         1.0 versicolor   7.9
## 83           5.8         2.7          3.9         1.2 versicolor   8.5
## 84           6.0         2.7          5.1         1.6 versicolor   8.7
## 85           5.4         3.0          4.5         1.5 versicolor   8.4
## 86           6.0         3.4          4.5         1.6 versicolor   9.4
## 87           6.7         3.1          4.7         1.5 versicolor   9.8
## 88           6.3         2.3          4.4         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 89           5.6         3.0          4.1         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 90           5.5         2.5          4.0         1.3 versicolor   8.0
## 91           5.5         2.6          4.4         1.2 versicolor   8.1
## 92           6.1         3.0          4.6         1.4 versicolor   9.1
## 93           5.8         2.6          4.0         1.2 versicolor   8.4
## 94           5.0         2.3          3.3         1.0 versicolor   7.3
## 95           5.6         2.7          4.2         1.3 versicolor   8.3
## 96           5.7         3.0          4.2         1.2 versicolor   8.7
## 97           5.7         2.9          4.2         1.3 versicolor   8.6
## 98           6.2         2.9          4.3         1.3 versicolor   9.1
## 99           5.1         2.5          3.0         1.1 versicolor   7.6
## 100          5.7         2.8          4.1         1.3 versicolor   8.5
## 101          6.3         3.3          6.0         2.5  virginica   9.6
## 102          5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica   8.5
## 103          7.1         3.0          5.9         2.1  virginica  10.1
## 104          6.3         2.9          5.6         1.8  virginica   9.2
## 105          6.5         3.0          5.8         2.2  virginica   9.5
## 106          7.6         3.0          6.6         2.1  virginica  10.6
## 107          4.9         2.5          4.5         1.7  virginica   7.4
## 108          7.3         2.9          6.3         1.8  virginica  10.2
## 109          6.7         2.5          5.8         1.8  virginica   9.2
## 110          7.2         3.6          6.1         2.5  virginica  10.8
## 111          6.5         3.2          5.1         2.0  virginica   9.7
## 112          6.4         2.7          5.3         1.9  virginica   9.1
## 113          6.8         3.0          5.5         2.1  virginica   9.8
## 114          5.7         2.5          5.0         2.0  virginica   8.2
## 115          5.8         2.8          5.1         2.4  virginica   8.6
## 116          6.4         3.2          5.3         2.3  virginica   9.6
## 117          6.5         3.0          5.5         1.8  virginica   9.5
## 118          7.7         3.8          6.7         2.2  virginica  11.5
## 119          7.7         2.6          6.9         2.3  virginica  10.3
## 120          6.0         2.2          5.0         1.5  virginica   8.2
## 121          6.9         3.2          5.7         2.3  virginica  10.1
## 122          5.6         2.8          4.9         2.0  virginica   8.4
## 123          7.7         2.8          6.7         2.0  virginica  10.5
## 124          6.3         2.7          4.9         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 125          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.1  virginica  10.0
## 126          7.2         3.2          6.0         1.8  virginica  10.4
## 127          6.2         2.8          4.8         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 128          6.1         3.0          4.9         1.8  virginica   9.1
## 129          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.1  virginica   9.2
## 130          7.2         3.0          5.8         1.6  virginica  10.2
## 131          7.4         2.8          6.1         1.9  virginica  10.2
## 132          7.9         3.8          6.4         2.0  virginica  11.7
## 133          6.4         2.8          5.6         2.2  virginica   9.2
## 134          6.3         2.8          5.1         1.5  virginica   9.1
## 135          6.1         2.6          5.6         1.4  virginica   8.7
## 136          7.7         3.0          6.1         2.3  virginica  10.7
## 137          6.3         3.4          5.6         2.4  virginica   9.7
## 138          6.4         3.1          5.5         1.8  virginica   9.5
## 139          6.0         3.0          4.8         1.8  virginica   9.0
## 140          6.9         3.1          5.4         2.1  virginica  10.0
## 141          6.7         3.1          5.6         2.4  virginica   9.8
## 142          6.9         3.1          5.1         2.3  virginica  10.0
## 143          5.8         2.7          5.1         1.9  virginica   8.5
## 144          6.8         3.2          5.9         2.3  virginica  10.0
## 145          6.7         3.3          5.7         2.5  virginica  10.0
## 146          6.7         3.0          5.2         2.3  virginica   9.7
## 147          6.3         2.5          5.0         1.9  virginica   8.8
## 148          6.5         3.0          5.2         2.0  virginica   9.5
## 149          6.2         3.4          5.4         2.3  virginica   9.6
## 150          5.9         3.0          5.1         1.8  virginica   8.9
irisbaru <- iris %>% select(-Species,-Petal.Width) %>% mutate(sepal=Sepal.Length+Sepal.Width)
irisbaru
##     Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length sepal
## 1            5.1         3.5          1.4   8.6
## 2            4.9         3.0          1.4   7.9
## 3            4.7         3.2          1.3   7.9
## 4            4.6         3.1          1.5   7.7
## 5            5.0         3.6          1.4   8.6
## 6            5.4         3.9          1.7   9.3
## 7            4.6         3.4          1.4   8.0
## 8            5.0         3.4          1.5   8.4
## 9            4.4         2.9          1.4   7.3
## 10           4.9         3.1          1.5   8.0
## 11           5.4         3.7          1.5   9.1
## 12           4.8         3.4          1.6   8.2
## 13           4.8         3.0          1.4   7.8
## 14           4.3         3.0          1.1   7.3
## 15           5.8         4.0          1.2   9.8
## 16           5.7         4.4          1.5  10.1
## 17           5.4         3.9          1.3   9.3
## 18           5.1         3.5          1.4   8.6
## 19           5.7         3.8          1.7   9.5
## 20           5.1         3.8          1.5   8.9
## 21           5.4         3.4          1.7   8.8
## 22           5.1         3.7          1.5   8.8
## 23           4.6         3.6          1.0   8.2
## 24           5.1         3.3          1.7   8.4
## 25           4.8         3.4          1.9   8.2
## 26           5.0         3.0          1.6   8.0
## 27           5.0         3.4          1.6   8.4
## 28           5.2         3.5          1.5   8.7
## 29           5.2         3.4          1.4   8.6
## 30           4.7         3.2          1.6   7.9
## 31           4.8         3.1          1.6   7.9
## 32           5.4         3.4          1.5   8.8
## 33           5.2         4.1          1.5   9.3
## 34           5.5         4.2          1.4   9.7
## 35           4.9         3.1          1.5   8.0
## 36           5.0         3.2          1.2   8.2
## 37           5.5         3.5          1.3   9.0
## 38           4.9         3.6          1.4   8.5
## 39           4.4         3.0          1.3   7.4
## 40           5.1         3.4          1.5   8.5
## 41           5.0         3.5          1.3   8.5
## 42           4.5         2.3          1.3   6.8
## 43           4.4         3.2          1.3   7.6
## 44           5.0         3.5          1.6   8.5
## 45           5.1         3.8          1.9   8.9
## 46           4.8         3.0          1.4   7.8
## 47           5.1         3.8          1.6   8.9
## 48           4.6         3.2          1.4   7.8
## 49           5.3         3.7          1.5   9.0
## 50           5.0         3.3          1.4   8.3
## 51           7.0         3.2          4.7  10.2
## 52           6.4         3.2          4.5   9.6
## 53           6.9         3.1          4.9  10.0
## 54           5.5         2.3          4.0   7.8
## 55           6.5         2.8          4.6   9.3
## 56           5.7         2.8          4.5   8.5
## 57           6.3         3.3          4.7   9.6
## 58           4.9         2.4          3.3   7.3
## 59           6.6         2.9          4.6   9.5
## 60           5.2         2.7          3.9   7.9
## 61           5.0         2.0          3.5   7.0
## 62           5.9         3.0          4.2   8.9
## 63           6.0         2.2          4.0   8.2
## 64           6.1         2.9          4.7   9.0
## 65           5.6         2.9          3.6   8.5
## 66           6.7         3.1          4.4   9.8
## 67           5.6         3.0          4.5   8.6
## 68           5.8         2.7          4.1   8.5
## 69           6.2         2.2          4.5   8.4
## 70           5.6         2.5          3.9   8.1
## 71           5.9         3.2          4.8   9.1
## 72           6.1         2.8          4.0   8.9
## 73           6.3         2.5          4.9   8.8
## 74           6.1         2.8          4.7   8.9
## 75           6.4         2.9          4.3   9.3
## 76           6.6         3.0          4.4   9.6
## 77           6.8         2.8          4.8   9.6
## 78           6.7         3.0          5.0   9.7
## 79           6.0         2.9          4.5   8.9
## 80           5.7         2.6          3.5   8.3
## 81           5.5         2.4          3.8   7.9
## 82           5.5         2.4          3.7   7.9
## 83           5.8         2.7          3.9   8.5
## 84           6.0         2.7          5.1   8.7
## 85           5.4         3.0          4.5   8.4
## 86           6.0         3.4          4.5   9.4
## 87           6.7         3.1          4.7   9.8
## 88           6.3         2.3          4.4   8.6
## 89           5.6         3.0          4.1   8.6
## 90           5.5         2.5          4.0   8.0
## 91           5.5         2.6          4.4   8.1
## 92           6.1         3.0          4.6   9.1
## 93           5.8         2.6          4.0   8.4
## 94           5.0         2.3          3.3   7.3
## 95           5.6         2.7          4.2   8.3
## 96           5.7         3.0          4.2   8.7
## 97           5.7         2.9          4.2   8.6
## 98           6.2         2.9          4.3   9.1
## 99           5.1         2.5          3.0   7.6
## 100          5.7         2.8          4.1   8.5
## 101          6.3         3.3          6.0   9.6
## 102          5.8         2.7          5.1   8.5
## 103          7.1         3.0          5.9  10.1
## 104          6.3         2.9          5.6   9.2
## 105          6.5         3.0          5.8   9.5
## 106          7.6         3.0          6.6  10.6
## 107          4.9         2.5          4.5   7.4
## 108          7.3         2.9          6.3  10.2
## 109          6.7         2.5          5.8   9.2
## 110          7.2         3.6          6.1  10.8
## 111          6.5         3.2          5.1   9.7
## 112          6.4         2.7          5.3   9.1
## 113          6.8         3.0          5.5   9.8
## 114          5.7         2.5          5.0   8.2
## 115          5.8         2.8          5.1   8.6
## 116          6.4         3.2          5.3   9.6
## 117          6.5         3.0          5.5   9.5
## 118          7.7         3.8          6.7  11.5
## 119          7.7         2.6          6.9  10.3
## 120          6.0         2.2          5.0   8.2
## 121          6.9         3.2          5.7  10.1
## 122          5.6         2.8          4.9   8.4
## 123          7.7         2.8          6.7  10.5
## 124          6.3         2.7          4.9   9.0
## 125          6.7         3.3          5.7  10.0
## 126          7.2         3.2          6.0  10.4
## 127          6.2         2.8          4.8   9.0
## 128          6.1         3.0          4.9   9.1
## 129          6.4         2.8          5.6   9.2
## 130          7.2         3.0          5.8  10.2
## 131          7.4         2.8          6.1  10.2
## 132          7.9         3.8          6.4  11.7
## 133          6.4         2.8          5.6   9.2
## 134          6.3         2.8          5.1   9.1
## 135          6.1         2.6          5.6   8.7
## 136          7.7         3.0          6.1  10.7
## 137          6.3         3.4          5.6   9.7
## 138          6.4         3.1          5.5   9.5
## 139          6.0         3.0          4.8   9.0
## 140          6.9         3.1          5.4  10.0
## 141          6.7         3.1          5.6   9.8
## 142          6.9         3.1          5.1  10.0
## 143          5.8         2.7          5.1   8.5
## 144          6.8         3.2          5.9  10.0
## 145          6.7         3.3          5.7  10.0
## 146          6.7         3.0          5.2   9.7
## 147          6.3         2.5          5.0   8.8
## 148          6.5         3.0          5.2   9.5
## 149          6.2         3.4          5.4   9.6
## 150          5.9         3.0          5.1   8.9