library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.2     ✔ readr     2.1.4
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.0
## ✔ ggplot2   3.4.4     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.0
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
data1 <- read.delim(pipe("pbpaste"))
dim(data1)
## [1] 50  1
colnames(data1)
## [1] "BroadbandReg"
class(data1$BroadbandReg)
## [1] "character"
data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(bband_lower = str_to_lower(data1$BroadbandReg))

1 Question 1

Create a new column indicating the government entity proposing the regulation or notice.

str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, " on [0-1][0-9]/| on [1-9]")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission< on 02/>7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission< on 11/>12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 2>/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 12/>6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission< on 09/>20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration< on 12/>03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission< on 3>/28/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission< on 2>/14/2022. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 02/>17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 01/>10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 7>/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record< on 7>0/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission< on 11/>02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission< on 12/>16/21. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission< on 7>/28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission< on 04/>13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission< on 2>/14/22. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 10/>29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission< on 12/>13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration< on 3>/19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the federal communications commission< on 03/>15/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "federal communications commission|
             national telecommunications and information administration| (ntia)|
             federal highway administration|(fhwa)|office of management and budget")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the <federal communications commission> on 02/7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission> on 11/12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the <federal communications commission> (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand< ntia>'s iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission> on 09/20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03/2021. <fhwa> amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission> on 3/28/2022. in this document, the <federal communications commission> (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the <federal communications commission> on 2/14/2022. in this report and order, the <federal communications commission> (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the <office of management and budget> (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02/17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs.< ntia> has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice).< ntia> welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the <federal communications commission> on 11/02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the <federal communications commission> on 12/16/21. the <federal communications commission> (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the <federal communications commission> on 7/28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the <federal communications commission> on 04/13/2021. in this document, the <federal communications commission> (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the <federal communications commission> on 2/14/22. in this document, the <federal communications commission> (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10/29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the <federal communications commission> on 12/13/2021. in this document, the <federal communications commission> (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3/19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the <federal communications commission> on 03/15/2022. in this document, the <federal communications commission> (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(gov_entity= str_extract(data1$bband_lower, "federal communications commission|
             national telecommunications and information administration| (ntia)|
             federal highway administration|(fhwa)|office of management and budget|
                                 office of management and budget"))

2 Question 2

Create three columns indicating the day, month, and year when the regulation was proposed. Pay attention to extract only dates.

Identifying the items of interest:

str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "/[1-2][1-9]/")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission on 02/7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 11</12/>21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 09/20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 3</28/>2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 2</14/>2022. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02</17/>22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission on 11/02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission on 12</16/>21. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission on 7</28/>2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 04</13/>2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission on 2</14/>22. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10</29/>2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission on 12</13/>2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3</19/>2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the federal communications commission on 03</15/>2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, " [0-1][0-9]/| [0-9]/")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission on< 02/>7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on< 11/>12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 2/>4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 12/>6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on< 09/>20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on< 12/>03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on< 3/>28/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on< 2/>14/2022. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 02/>17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 01/>10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 7/>6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission on< 11/>02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission on< 12/>16/21. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission on< 7/>28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on< 04/>13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission on< 2/>14/22. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 10/>29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission on< 12/>13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on< 3/>19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the federal communications commission on< 03/>15/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "/2020|/2021|/2022|/21|/22")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission on 02/7</2022>. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 11/12</21>. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4</2022>. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6</21>. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 09/20</2021>. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03</2021>. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 3/28</2022>. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 2/14</2022>. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02/17</22>. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10</2022>. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6</2021>. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission on 11/02</2021>. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission on 12/16</21>. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission on 7/28</2021>. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 04/13</2021>. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission on 2/14</22>. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10/29</2021>. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission on 12/13</2021>. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3/19</2021>. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the federal communications commission on 03/15</2022>. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more

Creating the columns:

data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(day= str_extract(bband_lower, "/[1-2][1-9]/"))%>%
  mutate(day= str_remove(day, "/"))%>%
  mutate(day= str_remove(day, "/"))

data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(month = str_extract(bband_lower, " [0-1][0-9]/| [0-9]/"))%>%
  mutate(month= str_remove(month, "/"))

data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(year = str_extract(bband_lower, "/2020|/2021|/2022|/21|/22"))%>%
  mutate(year= str_remove(year, "/"))

3 Question 3

Create a column indicating whether the Federal Communications Commission is involved in the proposed regulation (=1) or it is not involved (=0). How frequently is the Federal Communications Commission involved in broadband regulation?

str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "federal communications commission | fcc")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the <federal communications commission >on 02/7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission >on 11/12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the <federal communications commission >(commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission >on 09/20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the <federal communications commission >on 3/28/2022. in this document, the <federal communications commission >(commission or< fcc>) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the <federal communications commission >on 2/14/2022. in this report and order, the <federal communications commission >(commission or< fcc>) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02/17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the <federal communications commission >on 11/02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the <federal communications commission >on 12/16/21. the <federal communications commission >(fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records,< fcc>/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the <federal communications commission >on 7/28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the <federal communications commission >on 04/13/2021. in this document, the <federal communications commission >(commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the <federal communications commission >on 2/14/22. in this document, the <federal communications commission >(commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10/29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the <federal communications commission >on 12/13/2021. in this document, the <federal communications commission >(commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3/19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the <federal communications commission >on 03/15/2022. in this document, the <federal communications commission >(commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(fcc_involved = ifelse(str_detect(bband_lower,
                                     "federal communications commission | fcc "),
                                 1,
                                 0))         

data1%>%
  count(fcc_involved)
##   fcc_involved  n
## 1            0 23
## 2            1 27

27 policies involve the FCC.

4 Question 4

How many policies are related to the Covid-19 pandemic? Come up with a possible set of words, identify, and count those policies.

Possible words: covid-19, pandemic, coronavirus

str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "covid-19|pandemic|coronavirus")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission on 02/7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 11/12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital equity act programs, which include the state digital equity planning grant program, state digital equity capacity grant program, and digital equity competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 09/20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 3/28/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 2/14/2022. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible low-income households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request; tribal broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02/17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the tribal broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission on 11/02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission on 12/16/21. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a low-income program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission on 7/28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 04/13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help low-income households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible low-income households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the <covid-19> <pandemic>.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission on 2/14/22. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of tribal libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include tribal libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for tribal libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased tribal library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10/29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting minority communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission on 12/13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3/19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the tribal broadband connectivity program, and the connecting minority communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in rural america by the federal communications commission on 03/15/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the rural health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that rural healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the rural health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
str_count(data1$bband_lower, "covid-19|pandemic|coronavirus")
##  [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [39] 3 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

There are 5 rows that mention any of those terms

Creating the new column.

data1=
  data1%>%
  mutate(covid_policy = ifelse(str_detect(bband_lower, 
                                          "covid-19|pandemic|coronavirus"),
                               1, 0))

data1%>%
  count(covid_policy)
##   covid_policy  n
## 1            0 45
## 2            1  5

5 Question 5

We want to know if a regulation/notice has a strong focus on equity. Create a column counting how many of the following words appear in the text of each regulation (see keywords list below). Do not count duplicates - only unique appearances. For instance, if a regulation mentions the word “equity” twice, it should only be counted once.

Keywords: • low income, low-income • minority, minorities • equity • tribe, tribes, tribal • rural

str_view_all(data1$bband_lower, "low income| low-income | minority |
             minorities | equity | tribe | tribes | tribal | rural")
##  [1] │ empowering broadband consumers through transparency by the federal communications commission on 02/7/2022. in this document, the commission proposes measures to implement certain provisions of the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). specifically, the commission proposes to require that broadband internet access service providers (isps) display, at the point of sale, labels to disclose to consumers certain information about prices, introductory rates, data allowances, broadband speeds, and management practices, among other things.
##  [2] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 11/12/21. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (bureau) of the federal communications commission (commission) grants a motion for extension of time in the 2021 improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments record update to extend the reply comment deadline.
##  [3] │ ntia iija broadband grant program webinars by the national telecommunications and information administration on 2/4/2022. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a pre-notice of funding opportunity (nofo) technical assistance webinar series in march-may 2022 in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act (iija): the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital< equity >act programs, which include the state digital< equity >planning grant program, state digital< equity >capacity grant program, and digital< equity >competitive grant program. these pre-nofo technical assistance webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand ntia's iija broadband grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
##  [4] │ broadband grant programs public virtual listening sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 12/6/21. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host broadband grant program public virtual listening sessions in connection with the five new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the infrastructure investment and jobs act: the broadband equity, access, and deployment program; the enabling middle mile broadband infrastructure program; and the digital< equity >act programs, which include the state digital< equity >planning grant program, state digital< equity >capacity grant program, and digital< equity >competitive grant program. these public virtual listening sessions are designed to collect stakeholder input to help inform program development and implementation.
##  [5] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 09/20/2021. in this document, the wireline competition bureau (wcb) refreshes the record in improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments proceeding.
##  [6] │ broadband infrastructure deployment by the federal highway administration on 12/03/2021. fhwa amends its regulations governing the accommodation of utilities on the right-of-way (row) of federal-aid or direct federal highway projects to implement requirements of the consolidated appropriations act, 2018, for broadband infrastructure deployment. the requirements, which will apply to each state that receives federal funds under chapter 1 of title 23, united states code (u.s.c.), aim to facilitate the installation of broadband infrastructure.
##  [7] │ improving competitive broadband access to multiple tenant environments by the federal communications commission on 3/28/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules to improve competition for communications services in multi-tenant environments. the rules prohibit telecommunications carriers and covered multichannel video programming distributors (mvpds) from entering into certain revenue sharing agreements with a building owner that keep competitive providers out of buildings. the rules also require providers to inform tenants about the existence of exclusive marketing arrangements in simple, easy-to-understand language that is readily accessible. the commission adopted the report and order in conjunction with a declaratory ruling in gn docket no. 17-142 in which the commission clarifies that existing commission rules regarding cable inside wiring prohibit so-called sale-and-leaseback arrangements that block competitive access to alternative providers.
##  [8] │ affordable connectivity program; emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 2/14/2022. in this report and order, the federal communications commission (commission or fcc) adopts final rules for the affordable connectivity program, established by congress in the infrastructure investment and jobs act (infrastructure act). the affordable connectivity program is designed to make broadband service and connected devices available to eligible< low-income >households at affordable, discounted prices from providers that opt to participate in the program. the rules adopted in the report and order address, inter alia, the eligibility criteria for broadband service providers that opt to participate in the program, eligibility criteria for households that seek benefits, the types of broadband services and connected devices that will be covered, the amounts of reimbursements available to providers, claims procedures, consumer protection requirements, and reporting, auditing, enforcement, and related matters.
##  [9] │ agency information collection activities; submission to the office of management and budget (omb) for review and approval; comment request;< tribal >broadband connectivity program by the national telecommunications and information administration on 02/17/22. the department of commerce, following the paperwork reduction act of 1995 (pra), invites the public and other federal agencies to comment on proposed and continuing information collections, which helps us assess the impact of our information collection requirements and minimize the public's reporting burden. this notice of information collection is for the< tribal >broadband connectivity program baseline report, performance report and annual report. the purpose of this notice is to allow for 60 days of public comment preceding the submission of the collection to omb.
## [10] │ infrastructure investment and jobs act implementation by the national telecommunications and information administration on 01/10/2022. on november 15, 2021, president biden signed the infrastructure investment and jobs act of 2021 into law, also known (and referred to subsequently herein) as the bipartisan infrastructure law (bil), which includes a historic investment of $65 billion to help close the digital divide and ensure that all americans have access to reliable, affordable, high-speed broadband. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia), is responsible for distributing more than $48 billion in bil broadband funding through several different programs. ntia has established multiple avenues for the public to offer input to inform program design and implementation. this includes a series of public virtual listening sessions (see addresses below) as well as the opportunity for stakeholders across the nation to make their views known in response to this notice and request for comment (notice). ntia welcomes input from all interested parties.
## [11] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 7/6/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host webinars in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the< tribal >broadband connectivity program, and the connecting< minority >communities pilot program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [12] │ wireless telecommunication bureau seeks to supplement the record on 70/80/90 ghz bands notice of proposed rulemaking by the federal communications commission on 11/02/2021. in this document, the commission seeks comment to supplement the record in the rulemaking on a notice of proposed rulemaking to address the potential for use of the 71-76 ghz, 81-86 ghz, 92-94 ghz, and the 94.1-95 ghz (70/80/90 ghz) bands to provide broadband internet access to consumers and communities that may otherwise lack robust, consistent connectivity. in particular, the commission seeks comment on whether high altitude platform stations (haps) or other stratospheric- based platform services could be deployed for this purpose in the 70/ 80/90 ghz bands. the commission also seeks additional information regarding the potential use of these bands to provide broadband internet access to customers on airplanes and aboard ships, as proposed by aeronet global communications, inc.
## [13] │ privacy act of 1974; system of records by the federal communications commission on 12/16/21. the federal communications commission (fcc or commission or agency) is modifying a system of records, fcc/wcb-3, emergency broadband benefit program, subject to the privacy act of 1974, as amended. this action is necessary to meet the requirements of the privacy act to publish in the federal register notice of the existence and character of records maintained by the agency. the emergency broadband benefit program (``emergency broadband'') provides discounts for broadband internet access service (``bias'') to qualifying households. under the infrastructure investment and jobs act, signed into law on november 15, 2021, the emergency broadband program will become the affordable connectivity program (``acp'') on december 31, 2021. a household may qualify for acp if an individual in the household has applied for and has been approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced price lunch program, receives assistance through the special supplemental nutritional program for women, infants, and children established by section 17 of the child nutrition act of 1996 (``wic''), receives a pell grant, qualifies for the lifeline program, meets certain income requirements, or qualifies for a< low-income >program offered by internet service providers. the acp will be administered by the universal service administrative company (usac) under the direction of the commission and, by delegation, of the commission's wireline competition bureau (wcb). this system of records contains information about individual acp participants, providers' claims and certifying officers, and providers' enrollment representatives.
## [14] │ comment sought on technical requirements for the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsource processes required under the broadband data act by the federal communications commission on 7/28/2021. in this document, the wireless telecommunications bureau (wtb), the office of economics and analytics (oea), and the office of engineering and technology (oet) (collectively, the bureau and offices) seek comment on proposed technical requirements to implement the mobile challenge, verification, and crowdsourcing processes required by the broadband data act.
## [15] │ emergency broadband benefit program by the federal communications commission on 04/13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) established the emergency broadband benefit program (ebb program) to support broadband services and devices to help< low-income >households. the consolidated appropriations act, 2021 (caa) established an emergency broadband connectivity fund of $3.2 billion in the treasury of the united states for the fiscal year 2021, to remain available until expended. the caa directed the commission to use the fund to establish the ebb program, under which eligible< low-income >households may receive a discount off the cost of broadband service and certain connected devices during an emergency period related to the covid-19 pandemic.
## [16] │ schools and libraries universal service support mechanism by the federal communications commission on 2/14/22. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) takes steps to address one of the barriers to participation and clarify the eligibility of< tribal >libraries for e- rate program support by updating the definition of ``library'' in its e-rate program rules to include< tribal >libraries. by doing so, the commission seeks to resolve a longstanding issue for< tribal >libraries in the e-rate program rules, consistent with congressional action taken in 2018, and to encourage increased< tribal >library access to affordable broadband connectivity through the e-rate program.
## [17] │ broadband grant programs technical assistance sessions by the national telecommunications and information administration on 10/29/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host technical assistance (ta) sessions in connection with the connecting< minority >communities (cmc) pilot program authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021. the cmc ta sessions are designed to help prospective applicants understand the eligibility and programmatic requirements of the cmc pilot program and to assist applicants prepare high quality grant applications before the application deadline on december 1, 2021 at 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time (est). the cmc program team will address live questions during these technical assistance sessions to aid prospective cmc pilot program applicants.
## [18] │ procedures for commission review of state opt-out request from the firstnet radio access network by the federal communications commission on 12/13/2021. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) deletes those rules that it previously adopted to implement the ``opt-out'' provisions of the middle class tax relief and job creation act of 2012 (act). this is because the act established the first responder network authority (firstnet) to oversee the construction and operation of a nationwide public safety broadband network (npsbn) in the 700 mhz band; gives each state and territory the option to ``opt out'' of using firstnet's deployment; and no state or territory chose to exercise this option within the statutory timeframe.
## [19] │ broadband grant programs webinar series by the national telecommunications and information administration on 3/19/2021. the national telecommunications and information administration (ntia) will host a webinar series in april through july 2021 in connection with the three new broadband grant programs authorized and funded by the consolidated appropriations act, 2021: the broadband infrastructure program, the< tribal >broadband connectivity program, and the connecting< minority >communities program. the webinars are designed to help prospective applicants understand the grant programs and to assist applicants to prepare high quality grant applications.
## [20] │ promoting telehealth in< rural> america by the federal communications commission on 03/15/2022. in this document, the federal communications commission (commission) seeks comment on revisions to the< rural> health care telecommunications (telecom) program rules to ensure that< rural> healthcare providers receive funding necessary to access the broadband and telecommunications services necessary to provide vital healthcare services; proposes to modify the applicability of the internal funding cap on upfront costs and multi-year commitments in the< rural> health care healthcare connect fund program, proposes to streamline the invoice process in the telecom program, and seeks comment on ways to further increase the speed of funding commitments.
## ... and 30 more
str_count(data1$bband_lower, "low income| low-income | minority |
             minorities | equity | tribe | tribes | tribal | rural")
##  [1] 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 2 4 1 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## [39] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

str_count shows how many instantces

str_extract(data1$bband_lower, "low income| low-income | minority |
             minorities | equity | tribe | tribes | tribal | rural")
##  [1] NA             NA             " equity "     " equity "     NA            
##  [6] NA             NA             " low-income " " tribal "     NA            
## [11] " tribal "     NA             " low-income " NA             " low-income "
## [16] " tribal "     " minority "   NA             " tribal "     " rural"      
## [21] NA             NA             NA             NA             " tribal "    
## [26] " minority "   NA             NA             " rural"       NA            
## [31] NA             NA             NA             NA             NA            
## [36] NA             NA             NA             NA             NA            
## [41] NA             " low-income " NA             NA             NA            
## [46] NA             NA             " low-income " NA             NA

str_extract pulls the first match

str_extract_all(data1$bband_lower, "low income| low-income | minority |
             minorities | equity | tribe | tribes | tribal | rural")
## [[1]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[2]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[3]]
## [1] " equity " " equity " " equity " " equity "
## 
## [[4]]
## [1] " equity " " equity " " equity " " equity "
## 
## [[5]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[6]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[7]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[8]]
## [1] " low-income "
## 
## [[9]]
## [1] " tribal " " tribal "
## 
## [[10]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[11]]
## [1] " tribal "   " minority "
## 
## [[12]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[13]]
## [1] " low-income "
## 
## [[14]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[15]]
## [1] " low-income " " low-income "
## 
## [[16]]
## [1] " tribal " " tribal " " tribal " " tribal "
## 
## [[17]]
## [1] " minority "
## 
## [[18]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[19]]
## [1] " tribal "   " minority "
## 
## [[20]]
## [1] " rural" " rural" " rural" " rural"
## 
## [[21]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[22]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[23]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[24]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[25]]
## [1] " tribal " " tribal "
## 
## [[26]]
## [1] " minority " " minority " " tribal "  
## 
## [[27]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[28]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[29]]
## [1] " rural" " rural" " rural" " rural" " rural"
## 
## [[30]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[31]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[32]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[33]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[34]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[35]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[36]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[37]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[38]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[39]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[40]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[41]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[42]]
## [1] " low-income "
## 
## [[43]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[44]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[45]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[46]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[47]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[48]]
## [1] " low-income "
## 
## [[49]]
## character(0)
## 
## [[50]]
## character(0)

str_extract_all shows all matches and creates a character vector with the matches

Now, creating a new column:

data1 = 
  data1 %>%
  mutate(equity = str_extract_all(bband_lower, "low income|low-income|minority|minorities|equity|tribe|tribes|tribal|rural"),
         equity_term_count = map_dbl(equity, n_distinct))

help from Kyle