## 'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:
## $ Sepal.Length: num 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
## $ Sepal.Width : num 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
## $ Petal.Length: num 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
## $ Petal.Width : num 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
## $ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
head(data)
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
Including Plots You can also embed plots, for example:
# Barplot
library(ggplot2)
barplot_data <- aggregate(Sepal.Length ~ Species, data = iris, mean)
barplot <- ggplot(barplot_data, aes(x = Species, y = Sepal.Length)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "steelblue") +
labs(title = "Barplot of Sepal Length by Species",
x = "Species", y = "Mean Sepal Length")
barplot
sepal length of virginica is more.
# Histogram
histogram <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, fill = Species)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.2, position = "identity", alpha = 0.7) +
labs(title = "Histogram of Sepal Length by Species",
x = "Sepal Length", y = "Frequency",
fill = "Species")
print(histogram)
It gives insights into the spread and frequency of Sepal Length values for each species.
#pie chart
pie_data <- table(iris$Species)
pie_chart <- ggplot() +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", aes(x = 1, y = as.numeric(pie_data), fill = names(pie_data))) +
coord_polar(theta = "y") +
labs(title = "Pie Chart of Species Distribution")
print(pie_chart)
count of species is same.
# Scatterplot
scatterplot <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Scatterplot of Sepal Length vs Sepal Width",
x = "Sepal Length", y = "Sepal Width",
color = "Species")
print(scatterplot)
width and sepal length.
# Boxplot
boxplot <- ggplot(iris, aes(x = Species, y = Sepal.Length, fill = Species)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Boxplot of Sepal Length by Species",
x = "Species", y = "Sepal Length",
fill = "Species")
print(boxplot)
very few outliers are present on the virginica species.