Metanalysis

Overall PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 236012618

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.5198 [0.5198; 0.5199]
Random effects model     0.5430 [0.4884; 0.5965]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.0559 [0.0232; 0.2712]; tau = 0.2365 [0.1524; 0.5207]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 844.93 [841.12; 848.76]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 4283451.35    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Low education PAF

Warning: Normal approximation confidence interval (argument method.ci = "NAsm") used as
at least one number of events contains a non-integer value.

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 22563857

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0601 [0.0601; 0.0601]
Random effects model     0.0336 [0.0143; 0.0768]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.8875 [0.3685; 4.3036]; tau = 0.9421 [0.6071; 2.0745]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 1097.14 [1093.18; 1101.11]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 7222259.82    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Hypertension PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 31014159

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0716 [0.0716; 0.0716]
Random effects model     0.0431 [0.0183; 0.0982]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.9082 [0.3771; 4.4039]; tau = 0.9530 [0.6141; 2.0985]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 595.27 [591.66; 598.90]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 2126078.59    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Hearing loss PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 20456025

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0558 [0.0558; 0.0558]
Random effects model     0.0148 [0.0029; 0.0718]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 3.1342 [1.3015; 15.1987]; tau = 1.7704 [1.1408; 3.8985]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 923.87 [920.01; 927.75]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 5121216.00    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

TBI PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 16153722

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0359 [0.0359; 0.0359]
Random effects model     0.0363 [0.0327; 0.0402]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.0131 [0.0055; 0.0638]; tau = 0.1147 [0.0739; 0.2525]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 217.29 [214.25; 220.37]

Test of heterogeneity:
         Q d.f. p-value
 283280.62    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Alcohol PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 5306222

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0162 [0.0162; 0.0162]
Random effects model     0.0113 [0.0056; 0.0229]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.5946 [0.2469; 2.8833]; tau = 0.7711 [0.4969; 1.6980]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 649.58 [645.92; 653.26]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 2531702.60    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Obesity PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 31723459

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0717 [0.0716; 0.0717]
Random effects model     0.0692 [0.0568; 0.0840]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.0516 [0.0214; 0.2502]; tau = 0.2271 [0.1463; 0.5002]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 557.96 [554.38; 561.55]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 1867894.22    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Smoking PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 15552089

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0421 [0.0421; 0.0422]
Random effects model     0.0419 [0.0201; 0.0852]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.6687 [0.2777; 3.2428]; tau = 0.8178 [0.5270; 1.8008]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 1195.18 [1191.18; 1199.20]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 8570766.86    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Depression PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 24495315

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0587 [0.0587; 0.0588]
Random effects model     0.0493 [0.0280; 0.0855]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.4059 [0.1685; 1.9681]; tau = 0.6371 [0.4105; 1.4029]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 830.02 [826.22; 833.83]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 4133558.70    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Social isolation PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 15449871

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0570 [0.0570; 0.0571]
Random effects model     0.0320 [0.0106; 0.0925]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 1.4795 [0.6143; 7.1742]; tau = 1.2163 [0.7838; 2.6785]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 1156.06 [1152.08; 1160.06]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 8018894.43    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Physical inactivity PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 22825768

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0537 [0.0537; 0.0538]
Random effects model     0.0635 [0.0430; 0.0928]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.1979 [0.0822; 0.9597]; tau = 0.4449 [0.2867; 0.9796]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 765.02 [761.27; 768.79]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 3511509.76    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Air pollution PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 13314556

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0296 [0.0296; 0.0296]
Random effects model     0.0271 [0.0211; 0.0348]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.0772 [0.0320; 0.3741]; tau = 0.2778 [0.1789; 0.6117]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 189.79 [186.83; 192.79]

Test of heterogeneity:
         Q d.f. p-value
 216110.59    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation

Diabetes PAF

NULL

Number of studies combined: k = 7
Number of observations: o = 453745829
Number of events: e = 17157575

                     proportion           95%-CI
Common effect model      0.0394 [0.0394; 0.0395]
Random effects model     0.0313 [0.0206; 0.0475]

Quantifying heterogeneity:
 tau^2 = 0.2188 [0.0908; 1.0609]; tau = 0.4678 [0.3014; 1.0300]
 I^2 = 100.0%; H = 497.23 [493.72; 500.76]

Test of heterogeneity:
          Q d.f. p-value
 1483439.06    6       0

Details on meta-analytical method:
- Inverse variance method
- Restricted maximum-likelihood estimator for tau^2
- Q-profile method for confidence interval of tau^2 and tau
- Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model
- Logit transformation