PENGGUNAAN PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DI JAKARTA TAHUN 2020
Raden Roro Diandra Pradnya Paramitha
4 November 2023
PENDAHULUAN
LATAR BELAKANG
Kota Jakarta terletak di antara 6\(^\circ\) 12’LS dan 106\(^\circ\) 12’48 BT. Luas daratannya berdasarkan SK Gubernur Nomor 171 tahun 2007 adalah 662.33 km\(^2\). Berdasarkan letak geografisnya, Jakarta berbatasan dengan Jawa Barat di sebelah selatan dan timur, berbatasan dengan Banten di sebelah barat dan berbatasan dengan Laut Jawa di sebelah utara. Wilayah Jakarta memiliki 110 pulau yang tersebar di Kepulauan Seribu dan 27 sungai/saluran/kanal yang dipakai sebagai sumber air minum, usaha perikanan, dan usaha perkotaan lainnya.
Sungai adalah salah satu sumber air untuk kegiatan manusia. Air sungai dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk minum, mencuci, dan kegiatan lainnya. Karena fungsi sungai sangat penting bagi manusia, maka sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas air sungai tersebut. Pemanfaatan sungai secara terus-menerus bisa mengakibatkan kualitas air menurun dan terjadinya pencemaran. Hal ini disebabkan oleh organisme, energi, zat, atau komponen lain yang menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya baku mutu air yang telah ditetapkan. Contohnya adalah hasil kegiatan industri dan limbah rumah tangga yang terintegrasi. Serta, unsur dan kimia anorganik seperti temabga, phospat, nitrat, kadmium, seng, merkuri, timah hitam, BOD, dan COD.
Analisis komponen utama atau PCA merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelompokkan kualitas air secara obyektif yang membuat penetapan kualitas air menjadi semakin akurat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air sungai di Jakarta secara obyektif dan komponen parameter dengan ragam terbesar yang bisa mewakili kualitas air sungai di Jakarta tahun 2020 berdasarkan metode PCA.
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Metode PCA atau Analisis Komponen Utama pertama kali ditemukan oleh Karl Pearson pada tahun 1901. Harold Hotelling mengemukakan metode ini pada tahun 1933, yang tujuannya adalah menjelaskan struktur varians-kovarians melalui kombinasi linier dari variabel-variabel. Metode ini adalah metode statistik untuk mengubah mayoritas variabel asli yang dipakai yang saling berkorelasi satu dengan yang lain menjadi variabel baru yang lebih kecil dan saling bebas. Dari p buah variabel asli, bisa diturunkan p buah variabel baru berupa komponen utama untuk menjelaskan keragaman total, yang kemudian bisa dipilih komponen utama sebanyak q utama. Perhitungan dari metode ini didasarkan pada perhitungan nilai eigen dan vektor eigen yang mengemukakan persebaran data dari suatu dataset. Langkah-Langkah analisis yang digunakan dalam PCA adalah sebagai berikut.
-Menghitung matriks varians-kovarians.
-Mencari nilai eigen dan vektor eigen dari matriks varians-kovarians
-Menentukan nilai komponen utama dengan menggunakan tiga cara, yaitu :
Memakai scree plot
Memilih k buah komponen utama sebagai kontributor terbesar terhadap keragaman data.
\[ \frac{\sum_{j=1}^{k}\lambda_j}{\sum_{j=1}^{p}\lambda_j}>0.75 \]
Dalam kasus ini, p adalah jumlah semua variabel asli atau semua komponen utama yang dihasilkan.
- Memakai nilai eigen yang bernilai minimal 1.
-Menghitung bobot faktor berdasarkan vektor eigen.
-Menetukan variabel baru dengan mengalikan variabel asli dengan matriks eigen melalui persamaan :
\[ Z_{ki} = U_{1k}X_{1i}+U_{2k}X_{2i}+...+U_{pk}X_{pi} \]
Sehingga, variabel baru ini, dikenal dengan nama variabel komposit karena berasal dari hasil perkalian antara variabel asli dengan matriks eigen.
- Aspek Non Statistika
Sungai adalah salah satu sumber air untuk kegiatan manusia, dan sebagai akibat dari kegiatan tersebut, aliran air di sungai menjadi tercemar, sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas air. Menurut Soewarno (1995), sungai adalah lekukan di permukaan bumi, bentukan alam, dan jalur yang dilalui air yang mengalir dari daerah hulu ke daerah hilir dan ke laut. Sungai sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat. Air sungai sering digunakan untuk minum, mencuci, dan kegiatan lainnya.
Kualitas air berarti suatu mutu air yang memenuhi kriteria untuk tujuan tertentu. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 82 Tahun 2001 menyatakan bahwa “kualitas air merefleksikan sifat air dan kandungan makhluk hidup, zat, energi, atau komponen lain di dalam air. Syarat ataupun standar yang ditetapkan berbeda-beda tergantung tujuan penggunaan kualitas air tersebut, apakah akan digunakan untuk air minum, untuk irigasi maupun untuk yang lainnya”.
Meskipun fungsi sungai sangat penting bagi manusia, sebagian besar sungai di Indonesia tidak sehat. Tidak hanya itu, fungsi sungai juga penting bagi ekosistem sungai. Kualitas air sungai yang buruk disebabkan oleh organisme, energi, zat, atau komponen lain yang menyebabkan dilampuinya baku mutu air yang telah ditetapkan. Contohnya adalah hasil kegiatan industri dan limbah rumah tangga yang terintegrasi.
Dalam penelitian ini akan diambil 20 variabel yang dianggap sebagai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas air sungai di Jakarta. Keduapuluh variabel tersebut kemudian dibagi menjadi seperti berikut.
Kimia_Anorganik <- c("Zat Padat Tersuspensi", "BOD","COD","Total Phosphat","Nitrat","Kadmium","Crom Hexavalen","Tembaga","Timah Hitam","Merkuri","Seng","Fluorida","Nitrit","Klorin Bebas","Sulfida","Senyawa Aktif Metilen Biru","Fenol")
Kimia_Organik <- c("Minyak dan Lemak","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","")
Mikrobiologi <- c("Bakteri Koli Tinja","Bakteri Koli","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","")
Tabel2 <- data.frame(Kimia_Anorganik,Kimia_Organik,Mikrobiologi)
Tabel2## Kimia_Anorganik Kimia_Organik Mikrobiologi
## 1 Zat Padat Tersuspensi Minyak dan Lemak Bakteri Koli Tinja
## 2 BOD Bakteri Koli
## 3 COD
## 4 Total Phosphat
## 5 Nitrat
## 6 Kadmium
## 7 Crom Hexavalen
## 8 Tembaga
## 9 Timah Hitam
## 10 Merkuri
## 11 Seng
## 12 Fluorida
## 13 Nitrit
## 14 Klorin Bebas
## 15 Sulfida
## 16 Senyawa Aktif Metilen Biru
## 17 FenolDATA
Data yang digunakan adalah data kualitas air sungai di Jakarta pada tahun 2020. Data ini diperoleh dari situs data.go.id/dataset/data-kualitas-air-sungai. Berikut ini adalah cuplikan datanya.
library(readxl)## Warning: package 'readxl' was built under R version 4.2.3Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020 <- read_excel("Kualitas Air Sungai Jakarta Tahun 2020.xlsx")
Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020## # A tibble: 24 × 20
## `Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)` `BOD (20°C. 5 hari)` `COD (dichromat)`
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 295 3.89 10
## 2 390 12.2 50
## 3 20 8.36 10
## 4 54 6.01 10
## 5 2 5.74 10
## 6 297 9.61 26
## 7 330 9.71 20
## 8 17 3.53 10
## 9 728 4.92 10
## 10 860 5.92 10
## # ℹ 14 more rows
## # ℹ 17 more variables: `Total Phosphat (PO4)` <dbl>, Nitrat <dbl>,
## # `Kadmium (Cd)` <dbl>, `Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)` <dbl>, `Tembaga (Cu)` <dbl>,
## # `Timah Hitam (Pb)` <dbl>, Merkuri <dbl>, `Seng (Zn)` <dbl>, Flourida <dbl>,
## # `Nitrit (NO2)` <dbl>, `Klorin Bebas` <dbl>, `Sulfida (H2S)` <dbl>,
## # `Minyak dan Lemak` <dbl>, `Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen` <dbl>, Fenol <dbl>,
## # `Bakteri Koli Tinja` <dbl>, `Bakteri Koli` <dbl>SOURCE CODE
LIBRARY YANG DIBUTUHKAN
- corrplot
Library R corrplot menyediakan alat eksplorasi visual pada matriks korelasi yang mendukung pengurutan ulang variabel secara otomatis untuk membantu mendeteksi pola tersembunyi di antara variabel. Library corrplot sangat mudah digunakan dan menyediakan beragam pilihan plotting dalam metode visualisasi, tata letak grafik, warna, legenda, label teks, dll. Ini juga menyediakan nilai p dan selang kepercayaan untuk membantu pengguna menentukan signifikansi statistik dari korelasi.
- factoextra
factoextra adalah library R yang memudahkan untuk mengekstrak dan memvisualisasikan hasil analisis data multivariat eksploratif, yang salah satunya adalah analisis komponen utama atau PCA.
- FactoMineR
FactoMineR adalah sebuah library R yang didedikasikan untuk analisis data exploratory, yang salah satunya adalah analisis komponen utama atau PCA. Library ini dikembangkan dan dikelola oleh Francois Husson, Julie Josse, Sebastien Le, d’Agrocampus Rennes, dan J. Mazet.
- readxl
readxl berfungsi untuk mengimpor data dari Microsoft Excel dan membaca data tersebut dalam format .xls atau .xlsx.
- rstatix
rstatix berfungsi untuk menyediakan kerangka kerja yang sederhana dan intuitif, sesuai dengan filosofi desain ‘tidyverse’, untuk melakukan uji statistik dasar, termasuk uji t, uji Wilcoxon, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, dan analisis korelasi.
- rmarkdown
rmarkdown berfungsi untuk membuat dokumen analisis dinamis yang menggabungkan kode, keluaran yang dirender, dan prosa.
- knitr
Library knitr adalah mesin pemrograman yang melek huruf untuk keperluan umum, dengan API ringan yang dirancang untuk memberi pengguna kendali penuh atas output tanpa pekerjaan pengkodean yang berat.
- prettydoc
prettydoc berfungsi untuk menciptakan dokumen dan sketsa yang mungil namun indah dari RMarkdown.
# Library
library(corrplot)## Warning: package 'corrplot' was built under R version 4.2.3## corrplot 0.92 loadedlibrary(factoextra)## Warning: package 'factoextra' was built under R version 4.2.3## Loading required package: ggplot2## Warning: package 'ggplot2' was built under R version 4.2.3## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra-related books at https://goo.gl/ve3WBalibrary(FactoMineR)## Warning: package 'FactoMineR' was built under R version 4.2.3library(readxl)
library(rstatix)## Warning: package 'rstatix' was built under R version 4.2.3##
## Attaching package: 'rstatix'## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filterlibrary(rmarkdown)## Warning: package 'rmarkdown' was built under R version 4.2.3library(knitr)## Warning: package 'knitr' was built under R version 4.2.3library(prettydoc)## Warning: package 'prettydoc' was built under R version 4.2.3IMPORT DATA
Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020 <- read_excel("Kualitas Air Sungai Jakarta Tahun 2020.xlsx")
Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020## # A tibble: 24 × 20
## `Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)` `BOD (20°C. 5 hari)` `COD (dichromat)`
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 295 3.89 10
## 2 390 12.2 50
## 3 20 8.36 10
## 4 54 6.01 10
## 5 2 5.74 10
## 6 297 9.61 26
## 7 330 9.71 20
## 8 17 3.53 10
## 9 728 4.92 10
## 10 860 5.92 10
## # ℹ 14 more rows
## # ℹ 17 more variables: `Total Phosphat (PO4)` <dbl>, Nitrat <dbl>,
## # `Kadmium (Cd)` <dbl>, `Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)` <dbl>, `Tembaga (Cu)` <dbl>,
## # `Timah Hitam (Pb)` <dbl>, Merkuri <dbl>, `Seng (Zn)` <dbl>, Flourida <dbl>,
## # `Nitrit (NO2)` <dbl>, `Klorin Bebas` <dbl>, `Sulfida (H2S)` <dbl>,
## # `Minyak dan Lemak` <dbl>, `Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen` <dbl>, Fenol <dbl>,
## # `Bakteri Koli Tinja` <dbl>, `Bakteri Koli` <dbl>SOURCE CODE YANG DIGUNAKAN
summary(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020)## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari) COD (dichromat)
## Min. : 2.0 Min. : 3.53 Min. : 10.00
## 1st Qu.: 26.5 1st Qu.: 5.80 1st Qu.: 10.00
## Median :103.0 Median : 9.86 Median : 28.00
## Mean :231.6 Mean :12.63 Mean : 39.96
## 3rd Qu.:336.8 3rd Qu.:16.25 3rd Qu.: 49.25
## Max. :860.0 Max. :45.39 Max. :216.00
## Total Phosphat (PO4) Nitrat Kadmium (Cd) Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)
## Min. :0.0160 Min. :0.030 Min. :0.006000 Min. : 0.00000
## 1st Qu.:0.0425 1st Qu.:1.133 1st Qu.:0.010000 1st Qu.: 0.00000
## Median :0.3890 Median :1.565 Median :0.010000 Median : 0.00000
## Mean :0.6176 Mean :1.371 Mean :0.009167 Mean : 2.20896
## 3rd Qu.:0.7425 3rd Qu.:1.808 3rd Qu.:0.010000 3rd Qu.: 0.00075
## Max. :3.0900 Max. :3.080 Max. :0.010000 Max. :53.00000
## Tembaga (Cu) Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri Seng (Zn)
## Min. :0.01000 Min. :0.00010 Min. :0.000e+00 Min. :0.00700
## 1st Qu.:0.02000 1st Qu.:0.01000 1st Qu.:0.000e+00 1st Qu.:0.01000
## Median :0.02000 Median :0.01950 Median :0.000e+00 Median :0.01000
## Mean :0.01792 Mean :0.01688 Mean :2.083e-05 Mean :0.02104
## 3rd Qu.:0.02000 3rd Qu.:0.02100 3rd Qu.:0.000e+00 3rd Qu.:0.03000
## Max. :0.02000 Max. :0.04000 Max. :1.000e-04 Max. :0.08000
## Flourida Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas Sulfida (H2S)
## Min. :0.0200 Min. :0.0100 Min. :0.0400 Min. :0.00000
## 1st Qu.:0.0500 1st Qu.:0.1075 1st Qu.:0.1175 1st Qu.:0.00000
## Median :0.0500 Median :0.1250 Median :0.1650 Median :0.01000
## Mean :0.1129 Mean :0.1333 Mean :0.2621 Mean :0.03600
## 3rd Qu.:0.1200 3rd Qu.:0.1950 3rd Qu.:0.3725 3rd Qu.:0.03275
## Max. :0.5300 Max. :0.2500 Max. :0.7000 Max. :0.46000
## Minyak dan Lemak Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol
## Min. : 1.90 Min. : 30.0 Min. : 0.49
## 1st Qu.: 10.90 1st Qu.: 49.5 1st Qu.: 4.00
## Median : 59.50 Median : 58.5 Median : 7.50
## Mean : 76.15 Mean :139.5 Mean :11.28
## 3rd Qu.: 85.97 3rd Qu.:189.8 3rd Qu.:12.50
## Max. :431.10 Max. :745.0 Max. :64.00
## Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## Min. :1.900e+03 Min. :4.600e+03
## 1st Qu.:1.807e+07 1st Qu.:4.608e+06
## Median :3.550e+07 Median :2.150e+07
## Mean :7.915e+09 Mean :7.136e+09
## 3rd Qu.:5.075e+07 3rd Qu.:3.225e+07
## Max. :1.780e+11 Max. :1.620e+11get_summary_stats(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020)## # A tibble: 20 × 13
## variable n min max median q1 q3 iqr mad
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Zat padat ter… 24 2 e+0 8.6 e+ 2 1.03e+2 2.65e+1 3.37e+2 3.10e+2 1.35e+2
## 2 BOD (20°C. 5 … 24 3.53e+0 4.54e+ 1 9.86e+0 5.8 e+0 1.62e+1 1.04e+1 6.67e+0
## 3 COD (dichroma… 24 1 e+1 2.16e+ 2 2.8 e+1 1 e+1 4.93e+1 3.92e+1 2.67e+1
## 4 Total Phospha… 24 1.6 e-2 3.09e+ 0 3.89e-1 4.3 e-2 7.42e-1 7 e-1 5.28e-1
## 5 Nitrat 24 3 e-2 3.08e+ 0 1.56e+0 1.13e+0 1.81e+0 6.75e-1 5.19e-1
## 6 Kadmium (Cd) 24 6 e-3 1 e- 2 1 e-2 1 e-2 1 e-2 0 0
## 7 Crom Hexavale… 24 0 5.3 e+ 1 0 0 1 e-3 1 e-3 0
## 8 Tembaga (Cu) 24 1 e-2 2 e- 2 2 e-2 2 e-2 2 e-2 0 0
## 9 Timah Hitam (… 24 0 4 e- 2 2 e-2 1 e-2 2.1 e-2 1.1 e-2 7 e-3
## 10 Merkuri 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 11 Seng (Zn) 24 7 e-3 8 e- 2 1 e-2 1 e-2 3 e-2 2 e-2 4 e-3
## 12 Flourida 24 2 e-2 5.3 e- 1 5 e-2 5 e-2 1.2 e-1 7 e-2 4.4 e-2
## 13 Nitrit (NO2) 24 1 e-2 2.5 e- 1 1.25e-1 1.08e-1 1.95e-1 8.8 e-2 8.2 e-2
## 14 Klorin Bebas 24 4 e-2 7 e- 1 1.65e-1 1.17e-1 3.72e-1 2.55e-1 1.7 e-1
## 15 Sulfida (H2S) 24 0 4.6 e- 1 1 e-2 0 3.3 e-2 3.3 e-2 1.5 e-2
## 16 Minyak dan Le… 24 1.9 e+0 4.31e+ 2 5.95e+1 1.09e+1 8.60e+1 7.51e+1 6.57e+1
## 17 Senyawa Aktif… 24 3 e+1 7.45e+ 2 5.85e+1 4.95e+1 1.90e+2 1.40e+2 2.52e+1
## 18 Fenol 24 4.9 e-1 6.4 e+ 1 7.5 e+0 4 e+0 1.25e+1 8.5 e+0 5.93e+0
## 19 Bakteri Koli … 24 1.9 e+3 1.78e+11 3.55e+7 1.81e+7 5.08e+7 3.27e+7 2.67e+7
## 20 Bakteri Koli 24 4.6 e+3 1.62e+11 2.15e+7 4.61e+6 3.22e+7 2.76e+7 1.93e+7
## # ℹ 4 more variables: mean <dbl>, sd <dbl>, se <dbl>, ci <dbl>shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)`
## W = 0.79074, p-value = 0.0002087shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`BOD (20°C. 5 hari)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`BOD (20°C. 5 hari)`
## W = 0.81114, p-value = 0.0004506shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`COD (dichromat)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`COD (dichromat)`
## W = 0.6608, p-value = 3.186e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Total Phosphat (PO4)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Total Phosphat (PO4)`
## W = 0.70116, p-value = 1.043e-05shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Nitrat)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Nitrat
## W = 0.90634, p-value = 0.0294shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Kadmium (Cd)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Kadmium (Cd)`
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)`
## W = 0.20904, p-value = 2.188e-10shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Tembaga (Cu)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Tembaga (Cu)`
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Timah Hitam (Pb)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Timah Hitam (Pb)`
## W = 0.95036, p-value = 0.2759shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Merkuri)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Merkuri
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Seng (Zn)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Seng (Zn)`
## W = 0.66297, p-value = 3.388e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Flourida)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Flourida
## W = 0.69662, p-value = 9.091e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Nitrit (NO2)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Nitrit (NO2)`
## W = 0.93815, p-value = 0.1483shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Klorin Bebas`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Klorin Bebas`
## W = 0.8816, p-value = 0.008953shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Sulfida (H2S)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Sulfida (H2S)`
## W = 0.37612, p-value = 4.302e-09shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Minyak dan Lemak`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Minyak dan Lemak`
## W = 0.70233, p-value = 1.081e-05shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen`
## W = 0.63419, p-value = 1.523e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Fenol)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Fenol
## W = 0.6756, p-value = 4.873e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli Tinja`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli Tinja`
## W = 0.2286, p-value = 3.029e-10shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli`
## W = 0.22575, p-value = 2.887e-10scair = scale(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020)
scair## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari) COD (dichromat)
## [1,] 0.2327896 -0.91143078 -0.6696924901
## [2,] 0.5817444 -0.03933639 0.2244727262
## [3,] -0.7773428 -0.44513151 -0.6696924901
## [4,] -0.6524537 -0.69027766 -0.6696924901
## [5,] -0.8434605 -0.71844339 -0.6696924901
## [6,] 0.2401360 -0.31473462 -0.3120264036
## [7,] 0.3613519 -0.30430287 -0.4461511860
## [8,] -0.7883624 -0.94898508 -0.6696924901
## [9,] 1.8232889 -0.80398375 -0.6696924901
## [10,] 2.3081524 -0.69966623 -0.6696924901
## [11,] 2.1979562 -0.71009799 -0.6696924901
## [12,] -0.3622702 0.06080842 0.0009314221
## [13,] 0.4605285 1.57132596 1.2974709857
## [14,] -0.1235116 1.12067432 1.0068672904
## [15,] -0.5606235 0.64915917 0.1574103350
## [16,] 1.4045431 0.17660085 0.1127020741
## [17,] -0.7406107 3.41774590 3.9352583738
## [18,] -0.7699963 0.32055902 0.2691809870
## [19,] -0.3843094 -0.76225674 -0.2449640124
## [20,] -0.8140749 0.55005754 -0.2002557516
## [21,] -0.6451073 0.73678588 0.3138892478
## [22,] -0.6010288 -0.27300762 0.2021185958
## [23,] -0.7479571 -0.10609960 -0.2896722732
## [24,] -0.7993820 -0.87596283 -0.6696924901
## Total Phosphat (PO4) Nitrat Kadmium (Cd) Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)
## [1,] -0.25591318 1.4714468 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [2,] 0.33613492 2.0972463 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [3,] -0.70111469 -0.3200576 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [4,] -0.70111469 -0.1237283 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [5,] -0.70111469 -0.2832458 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [6,] -0.60321698 0.7229415 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [7,] -0.60321698 0.5634240 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [8,] -0.66148943 0.8824591 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [9,] -0.69645290 0.4775300 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [10,] -0.69645290 0.3916359 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [11,] -0.69645290 0.5266123 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [12,] 0.72539488 0.2566596 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [13,] 0.15432487 0.4284477 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [14,] -0.05545595 0.1953067 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [15,] -0.27689126 0.6615887 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [16,] -0.20696432 0.2443890 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [17,] -0.55659902 0.2321184 0.5021882 4.6948553
## [18,] 0.03777997 -0.1973518 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [19,] 0.14267038 -1.5716565 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [20,] -0.03214697 -1.5716565 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [21,] 2.88147553 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [22,] 1.00510264 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [23,] 2.82320308 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [24,] -0.66148943 -0.1482695 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## Tembaga (Cu) Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri Seng (Zn) Flourida
## [1,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [2,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [3,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 0.0571845
## [4,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [5,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [6,] 0.5021882 0.9317208 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [7,] 0.5021882 0.4727921 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [8,] 0.5021882 0.5875243 -0.5021882 2.92904087 -0.1850087
## [9,] 0.5021882 0.4727921 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [10,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [11,] 0.5021882 -0.2156009 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [12,] 0.5021882 -0.5597974 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 0.0571845
## [13,] 0.5021882 0.7022565 -0.5021882 2.92904087 -0.5079329
## [14,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [15,] 0.5021882 -0.9039939 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.1042776
## [16,] 0.5021882 -1.9251102 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [17,] 0.5021882 1.5053817 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 0.0571845
## [18,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [19,] 0.5021882 2.6527033 -0.5021882 0.44504861 0.9452262
## [20,] 0.5021882 -0.9039939 -0.5021882 0.44504861 2.0754610
## [21,] 0.5021882 -1.7071191 -0.5021882 0.44504861 0.0571845
## [22,] 0.5021882 -0.5597974 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 1.3488815
## [23,] 0.5021882 -0.2156009 -0.5021882 0.44504861 3.3671579
## [24,] 0.5021882 0.2433278 -0.5021882 0.44504861 -0.1042776
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## [1,] -0.31384194 0.1461490 -0.09730218 -0.45941866
## [2,] -0.17933825 0.1985009 0.02162271 0.46772191
## [3,] -0.31384194 -0.6391292 0.02162271 -0.75431788
## [4,] -0.17933825 -0.5344254 -0.06486812 -0.75923909
## [5,] -0.31384194 -0.4820735 -0.05405677 -0.76066147
## [6,] -0.44834564 -0.8485367 -0.17298165 -0.77088805
## [7,] -0.31384194 -0.5344254 -0.17298165 -0.67744723
## [8,] 0.08966913 -1.0579442 -0.38920872 -0.67744723
## [9,] -0.04483456 0.3032046 -0.28109519 -0.71793825
## [10,] 0.35867651 -0.8485367 0.04324541 0.07111755
## [11,] 0.49318020 -0.7438329 0.04324541 -0.00571157
## [12,] 1.16569865 2.1878722 -0.38920872 -0.28084287
## [13,] 1.43470603 2.2925760 -0.28109519 -0.58815934
## [14,] 1.56920972 -0.9532404 -0.38920872 0.19466707
## [15,] 1.56920972 1.1408347 -0.28109519 -0.10434355
## [16,] 0.76218758 0.7743715 -0.38920872 -0.45526573
## [17,] 1.03119496 1.2978903 -0.38920872 -0.20712845
## [18,] 1.03119496 0.8267234 -0.38920872 -0.13860518
## [19,] -1.38987147 0.3032046 -0.38920872 1.97419555
## [20,] -1.65887885 -0.6391292 -0.28109519 3.68520076
## [21,] -1.25536778 0.5126121 4.58401381 0.04100884
## [22,] -1.52437516 -0.7961848 0.47569955 0.66498586
## [23,] -1.52437516 -0.7438329 -0.38920872 -0.11057293
## [24,] -0.04483456 -1.1626479 -0.38920872 0.36908994
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## [1,] -0.5215119 -0.75983983 -0.21806412 -0.21603927
## [2,] -0.5331712 -0.78908905 -0.21806401 -0.21604048
## [3,] 0.1780476 -0.68671679 -0.21806465 -0.21605215
## [4,] -0.5564898 -0.15511226 -0.21806451 -0.21605193
## [5,] 0.3063002 -0.65527388 -0.21806462 -0.21605204
## [6,] -0.5215119 0.05255719 -0.21718308 -0.21529534
## [7,] -0.5798085 -0.31305803 -0.21701777 -0.21514394
## [8,] -0.3233033 1.00315676 -0.21632901 -0.21496228
## [9,] -0.3932593 -0.23993499 -0.21674227 -0.21508339
## [10,] 0.2888112 -0.23993499 -0.21643921 -0.21505311
## [11,] -0.3874296 -0.16681194 -0.21690757 -0.21562839
## [12,] -0.6381051 -0.23993499 -0.21734838 -0.21559812
## [13,] -0.5623195 -0.31305803 -0.21699022 -0.21514394
## [14,] -0.6264458 -0.31305803 -0.21715553 -0.21550728
## [15,] -0.5215119 0.19880328 -0.21737593 -0.21587062
## [16,] 0.6793985 -0.53242717 -0.21740348 -0.21538617
## [17,] -0.5040229 -0.53242717 -0.21688002 -0.21541645
## [18,] -0.5156822 -0.53242717 -0.21715553 -0.21547700
## [19,] -0.4398966 -0.53242717 -0.21699022 -0.21538617
## [20,] 2.2825556 1.29564894 -0.21007502 -0.19425201
## [21,] 3.5301033 1.07627981 4.68594552 4.68901071
## [22,] 0.5219977 0.19880328 -0.21456577 -0.21272169
## [23,] 0.3587671 -0.67867326 0.08499211 0.02920086
## [24,] -0.5215119 3.85495549 -0.21805671 -0.21604981
## attr(,"scaled:center")
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari)
## 2.316250e+02 1.262708e+01
## COD (dichromat) Total Phosphat (PO4)
## 3.995833e+01 6.175833e-01
## Nitrat Kadmium (Cd)
## 1.370833e+00 9.166667e-03
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) Tembaga (Cu)
## 2.208958e+00 1.791667e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri
## 1.687917e-02 2.083333e-05
## Seng (Zn) Flourida
## 2.104167e-02 1.129167e-01
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas
## 1.333333e-01 2.620833e-01
## Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## 3.600000e-02 7.615013e+01
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol
## 1.394583e+02 1.128125e+01
## Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## 7.915056e+09 7.135580e+09
## attr(,"scaled:scale")
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari)
## 2.722416e+02 9.586118e+00
## COD (dichromat) Total Phosphat (PO4)
## 4.473446e+01 8.580384e-01
## Nitrat Kadmium (Cd)
## 8.149575e-01 1.659404e-03
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) Tembaga (Cu)
## 1.081845e+01 4.148511e-03
## Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri
## 8.715951e-03 4.148511e-05
## Seng (Zn) Flourida
## 2.012889e-02 1.238681e-01
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas
## 7.434740e-02 1.910151e-01
## Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## 9.249536e-02 9.631765e+01
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol
## 1.715365e+02 1.367558e+01
## Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## 3.629682e+10 3.302710e+10korelasiAir = cor(scair)
corrplot(korelasiAir,method="number")
sair = cov(scair)
air_eigen = eigen(sair)
air_eigen## eigen() decomposition
## $values
## [1] 5.588949e+00 3.885955e+00 2.934674e+00 2.307723e+00 1.250724e+00
## [6] 1.052950e+00 8.989306e-01 7.071220e-01 4.969572e-01 3.285103e-01
## [11] 2.411182e-01 1.402036e-01 7.502042e-02 5.902696e-02 2.198373e-02
## [16] 7.414436e-03 2.735002e-03 2.409179e-06 1.229622e-16 -6.502517e-17
##
## $vectors
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
## [1,] -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009 0.417808839 -0.31818307
## [2,] 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082 -0.198095573 -0.02373455
## [3,] 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613 -0.242387363 0.03701197
## [4,] 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512 -0.077696691 -0.25005788
## [5,] -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797 0.248326923 0.10982652
## [6,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334 0.207713415 -0.03445902
## [7,] -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308 -0.313227837 0.14238103
## [8,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334 0.207713415 -0.03445902
## [9,] -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115 -0.317998649 0.36212656
## [10,] -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334 -0.207713415 0.03445902
## [11,] 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253 0.088160716 0.43098385
## [12,] 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266 -0.345119525 -0.24858905
## [13,] -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518 0.255157145 0.00187627
## [14,] -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537 0.016668886 -0.14300443
## [15,] 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684 0.149770385 0.11474374
## [16,] 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884 -0.247426361 -0.11153929
## [17,] 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453 0.007083645 -0.06211522
## [18,] 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227 0.114509522 0.57682845
## [19,] 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069 0.144077483 0.13443665
## [20,] 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647 0.145722751 0.13783373
## [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,] 0.08881523 0.490475435 -0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279
## [2,] 0.12455710 -0.111523546 -0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004
## [3,] 0.10471698 0.043788132 -0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952
## [4,] -0.35884534 -0.059880517 0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958
## [5,] 0.01626662 0.008491129 -0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434
## [6,] 0.01310054 0.111142879 0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297
## [7,] 0.27885788 0.291769172 0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936
## [8,] 0.01310054 0.111142879 0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297
## [9,] -0.27642971 0.529070800 -0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233
## [10,] -0.01310054 -0.111142879 -0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297
## [11,] -0.54009827 -0.074675573 -0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680
## [12,] -0.15250834 -0.042463789 0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532
## [13,] 0.02650286 -0.358061964 0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579
## [14,] -0.37913330 -0.226547745 -0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834
## [15,] 0.03936062 0.173858373 -0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770
## [16,] 0.29147237 -0.095459274 -0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487
## [17,] 0.18941803 -0.024188044 -0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126
## [18,] 0.31564716 -0.282269579 0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677
## [19,] -0.01793512 0.128636784 0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463
## [20,] -0.01258550 0.127507330 0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333
## [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15]
## [1,] -0.23836310 -0.450939793 0.01380939 0.116428003 0.0318491327
## [2,] 0.21681108 -0.078083561 0.22916423 0.570984083 -0.0298629426
## [3,] 0.17276342 -0.198645652 0.34343558 -0.234203797 0.0350819515
## [4,] 0.06449363 -0.223730589 0.05490114 -0.225761983 0.2954472060
## [5,] 0.10398010 0.556234327 -0.03019282 0.108143244 -0.0654561324
## [6,] 0.05514607 0.148880759 0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## [7,] -0.42000890 0.125250232 -0.35846429 -0.364965028 0.0135956047
## [8,] 0.05514607 0.148880759 0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## [9,] 0.12543396 -0.088090767 -0.08298620 0.304400532 0.1002155304
## [10,] -0.05514607 -0.148880759 -0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## [11,] 0.05098728 -0.023252342 -0.06469578 -0.179095583 -0.0473204726
## [12,] -0.23149209 0.003730202 -0.33895208 0.373551409 -0.3598724705
## [13,] 0.17999560 -0.304889912 -0.60531922 0.071440209 -0.0239450549
## [14,] -0.50230404 0.103491457 0.10264437 0.006180125 -0.0654545399
## [15,] 0.10353193 -0.061390430 0.08790734 -0.121973924 -0.7756899527
## [16,] 0.32951679 -0.019602259 -0.22087535 -0.221189502 -0.0202502903
## [17,] -0.18818931 0.308964851 0.02024474 0.197840946 0.2802580735
## [18,] -0.37257512 -0.311861094 0.15343472 0.133838284 0.0409996216
## [19,] 0.08710725 0.014608564 -0.23930755 0.100115702 0.2022764855
## [20,] 0.08989851 0.019852633 -0.23063882 0.093653474 0.1876427572
## [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20]
## [1,] -0.044896919 -0.0182692344 0.0027271205 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
## [2,] -0.263779533 0.4042549689 0.0051450189 2.245900e-14 1.196816e-14
## [3,] 0.198187732 -0.6257242231 -0.0081519019 -3.369172e-14 -1.881950e-14
## [4,] 0.238555666 0.3503416869 0.0095580098 1.915526e-14 6.593510e-15
## [5,] 0.098039680 -0.0688123761 -0.0016745324 -3.733965e-15 -2.294746e-15
## [6,] 0.026817716 0.0172552160 -0.0006335309 1.705506e-01 7.984855e-01
## [7,] -0.097363820 0.2712801129 0.0040536262 1.372116e-14 9.208436e-15
## [8,] 0.026817716 0.0172552160 -0.0006335309 -7.767841e-01 -2.515416e-01
## [9,] 0.339131324 0.0550156874 0.0010610600 4.114266e-15 -2.672289e-15
## [10,] -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 0.0006335309 -6.062335e-01 5.469439e-01
## [11,] -0.127560294 0.0450676792 0.0005136829 1.784942e-15 2.871743e-15
## [12,] -0.006344688 -0.3410743684 0.0020676058 -1.601948e-14 -7.396466e-15
## [13,] 0.360878568 0.0074245784 0.0015522095 1.358862e-15 -2.956853e-15
## [14,] -0.046222065 -0.0484626956 -0.0032358784 -3.814775e-15 -1.151306e-15
## [15,] 0.225574882 0.1685891517 -0.0097837634 4.105209e-15 -1.018905e-15
## [16,] -0.082512465 0.0650903519 -0.0034059724 2.411206e-15 2.676012e-15
## [17,] 0.582906908 0.0232948596 -0.0021825050 1.327918e-15 -6.183987e-15
## [18,] 0.061726907 -0.0001294998 0.0001238632 1.474991e-16 -1.233418e-15
## [19,] -0.273839650 -0.2012872341 -0.7040426400 -1.505774e-13 -9.020777e-14
## [20,] -0.266468495 -0.2126998040 0.7099163030 1.336274e-13 8.930769e-14pca1 = princomp(x=scair,cor=T)
pca1## Call:
## princomp(x = scair, cor = T)
##
## Standard deviations:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5 Comp.6
## 2.364095785 1.971282608 1.713088893 1.519119213 1.118357795 1.026133636
## Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10 Comp.11 Comp.12
## 0.948119501 0.840905475 0.704951908 0.573158184 0.491037862 0.374437741
## Comp.13 Comp.14 Comp.15 Comp.16 Comp.17 Comp.18
## 0.273898564 0.242954649 0.148269108 0.086107118 0.052297246 0.001552153
## Comp.19 Comp.20
## 0.000000000 0.000000000
##
## 20 variables and 24 observations.summary(pca1)## Importance of components:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## Standard deviation 2.3640958 1.9712826 1.7130889 1.5191192 1.11835779
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794474 0.1942978 0.1467337 0.1153862 0.06253621
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794474 0.4737452 0.6204789 0.7358650 0.79840124
## Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10
## Standard deviation 1.02613364 0.94811950 0.8409055 0.70495191 0.57315818
## Proportion of Variance 0.05264751 0.04494653 0.0353561 0.02484786 0.01642552
## Cumulative Proportion 0.85104876 0.89599529 0.9313514 0.95619925 0.97262476
## Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13 Comp.14
## Standard deviation 0.49103786 0.374437741 0.273898564 0.242954649
## Proportion of Variance 0.01205591 0.007010181 0.003751021 0.002951348
## Cumulative Proportion 0.98468067 0.991690852 0.995441873 0.998393221
## Comp.15 Comp.16 Comp.17 Comp.18
## Standard deviation 0.148269108 0.0861071184 0.0522972460 1.552153e-03
## Proportion of Variance 0.001099186 0.0003707218 0.0001367501 1.204589e-07
## Cumulative Proportion 0.999492408 0.9998631294 0.9999998795 1.000000e+00
## Comp.19 Comp.20
## Standard deviation 0 0
## Proportion of Variance 0 0
## Cumulative Proportion 1 1pca2 <- prcomp(x=Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020, scale. = TRUE, center = TRUE)
pca2## Standard deviations (1, .., p=20):
## [1] 2.364096e+00 1.971283e+00 1.713089e+00 1.519119e+00 1.118358e+00
## [6] 1.026134e+00 9.481195e-01 8.409055e-01 7.049519e-01 5.731582e-01
## [11] 4.910379e-01 3.744377e-01 2.738986e-01 2.429546e-01 1.482691e-01
## [16] 8.610712e-02 5.229725e-02 1.552153e-03 2.751231e-16 1.573210e-16
##
## Rotation (n x k) = (20 x 20):
## PC1 PC2 PC3
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## COD (dichromat) 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## Nitrat -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## Merkuri -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## Seng (Zn) 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## Flourida 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## Klorin Bebas -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## Fenol 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## Bakteri Koli 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647
## PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.417808839 0.31818307 -0.08881523 -0.490475435
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.198095573 0.02373455 -0.12455710 0.111523546
## COD (dichromat) 0.242387363 -0.03701197 -0.10471698 -0.043788132
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.077696691 0.25005788 0.35884534 0.059880517
## Nitrat -0.248326923 -0.10982652 -0.01626662 -0.008491129
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.313227837 -0.14238103 -0.27885788 -0.291769172
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.317998649 -0.36212656 0.27642971 -0.529070800
## Merkuri 0.207713415 -0.03445902 0.01310054 0.111142879
## Seng (Zn) -0.088160716 -0.43098385 0.54009827 0.074675573
## Flourida 0.345119525 0.24858905 0.15250834 0.042463789
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.255157145 -0.00187627 -0.02650286 0.358061964
## Klorin Bebas -0.016668886 0.14300443 0.37913330 0.226547745
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.149770385 -0.11474374 -0.03936062 -0.173858373
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.247426361 0.11153929 -0.29147237 0.095459274
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.007083645 0.06211522 -0.18941803 0.024188044
## Fenol -0.114509522 -0.57682845 -0.31564716 0.282269579
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.144077483 -0.13443665 0.01793512 -0.128636784
## Bakteri Koli -0.145722751 -0.13783373 0.01258550 -0.127507330
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279 0.23836310
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004 -0.21681108
## COD (dichromat) 0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952 -0.17276342
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958 -0.06449363
## Nitrat 0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434 -0.10398010
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936 0.42000890
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233 -0.12543396
## Merkuri 0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297 0.05514607
## Seng (Zn) 0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680 -0.05098728
## Flourida -0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532 0.23149209
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579 -0.17999560
## Klorin Bebas 0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834 0.50230404
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770 -0.10353193
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487 -0.32951679
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126 0.18818931
## Fenol -0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677 0.37257512
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463 -0.08710725
## Bakteri Koli -0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333 -0.08989851
## PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.450939793 0.01380939 -0.116428003 -0.0318491327
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) -0.078083561 0.22916423 -0.570984083 0.0298629426
## COD (dichromat) -0.198645652 0.34343558 0.234203797 -0.0350819515
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.223730589 0.05490114 0.225761983 -0.2954472060
## Nitrat 0.556234327 -0.03019282 -0.108143244 0.0654561324
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.125250232 -0.35846429 0.364965028 -0.0135956047
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.088090767 -0.08298620 -0.304400532 -0.1002155304
## Merkuri -0.148880759 -0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## Seng (Zn) -0.023252342 -0.06469578 0.179095583 0.0473204726
## Flourida 0.003730202 -0.33895208 -0.373551409 0.3598724705
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.304889912 -0.60531922 -0.071440209 0.0239450549
## Klorin Bebas 0.103491457 0.10264437 -0.006180125 0.0654545399
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.061390430 0.08790734 0.121973924 0.7756899527
## Minyak dan Lemak -0.019602259 -0.22087535 0.221189502 0.0202502903
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.308964851 0.02024474 -0.197840946 -0.2802580735
## Fenol -0.311861094 0.15343472 -0.133838284 -0.0409996216
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.014608564 -0.23930755 -0.100115702 -0.2022764855
## Bakteri Koli 0.019852633 -0.23063882 -0.093653474 -0.1876427572
## PC16 PC17 PC18
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.044896919 0.0182692344 0.0027271205
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.263779533 -0.4042549689 0.0051450189
## COD (dichromat) -0.198187732 0.6257242231 -0.0081519019
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.238555666 -0.3503416869 0.0095580098
## Nitrat -0.098039680 0.0688123761 -0.0016745324
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.097363820 -0.2712801129 0.0040536262
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.339131324 -0.0550156874 0.0010610600
## Merkuri 0.026817716 0.0172552160 0.0006335309
## Seng (Zn) 0.127560294 -0.0450676792 0.0005136829
## Flourida 0.006344688 0.3410743684 0.0020676058
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.360878568 -0.0074245784 0.0015522095
## Klorin Bebas 0.046222065 0.0484626956 -0.0032358784
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.225574882 -0.1685891517 -0.0097837634
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.082512465 -0.0650903519 -0.0034059724
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.582906908 -0.0232948596 -0.0021825050
## Fenol -0.061726907 0.0001294998 0.0001238632
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.273839650 0.2012872341 -0.7040426400
## Bakteri Koli 0.266468495 0.2126998040 0.7099163030
## PC19 PC20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -1.254325e-16 -1.574242e-16
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.257032e-16 -2.949866e-16
## COD (dichromat) -6.102645e-16 -5.545985e-16
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 8.264987e-16 5.547607e-16
## Nitrat -1.613579e-16 -1.573023e-16
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.715614e-01 -6.665557e-01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 1.438018e-16 5.730073e-16
## Tembaga (Cu) -8.130349e-01 -7.510629e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.780419e-16 -9.078325e-17
## Merkuri -3.414735e-01 -7.416620e-01
## Seng (Zn) -1.419849e-17 1.095437e-16
## Flourida -1.089679e-15 -7.795378e-16
## Nitrit (NO2) 7.708877e-17 2.293214e-16
## Klorin Bebas -1.301409e-16 -2.596816e-17
## Sulfida (H2S) 5.262118e-16 2.465707e-16
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.457288e-16 1.359501e-16
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 3.225301e-16 3.228062e-16
## Fenol -3.797917e-17 6.532384e-17
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.806514e-14 2.908464e-14
## Bakteri Koli -1.917987e-14 -2.967674e-14summary(pca2)## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 2.3641 1.9713 1.7131 1.5191 1.11836 1.02613 0.94812
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794 0.1943 0.1467 0.1154 0.06254 0.05265 0.04495
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794 0.4738 0.6205 0.7359 0.79840 0.85105 0.89600
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14
## Standard deviation 0.84091 0.70495 0.57316 0.49104 0.37444 0.27390 0.24295
## Proportion of Variance 0.03536 0.02485 0.01643 0.01206 0.00701 0.00375 0.00295
## Cumulative Proportion 0.93135 0.95620 0.97262 0.98468 0.99169 0.99544 0.99839
## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19 PC20
## Standard deviation 0.1483 0.08611 0.05230 0.001552 2.751e-16 1.573e-16
## Proportion of Variance 0.0011 0.00037 0.00014 0.000000 0.000e+00 0.000e+00
## Cumulative Proportion 0.9995 0.99986 1.00000 1.000000 1.000e+00 1.000e+00kor_air <- eigen(korelasiAir)
plot(kor_air$values, xlab="Eigenvalue Number",
ylab="Eigenvalue Size", main="Scree Plot",color="blue")## Warning in plot.window(...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "color" is not a
## graphical parameter
## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "color" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in box(...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "color" is not a graphical parameterlines(kor_air$values)
kor_air$vectors[,1:3]## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## [2,] 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## [3,] 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## [4,] 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## [5,] -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## [6,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## [7,] -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## [8,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## [9,] -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## [10,] -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## [11,] 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## [12,] 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## [13,] -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## [14,] -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## [15,] 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## [16,] 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## [17,] 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## [18,] 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## [19,] 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## [20,] 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647plot(pca2)
pca_contrib = get_pca_var(pca2)
pca_contrib$contrib## Dim.1 Dim.2 Dim.3 Dim.4
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 1.405259e+00 1.393138e-01 0.1476872 17.456422604
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 8.232934e-01 1.492963e+01 6.6667661 3.924185600
## COD (dichromat) 1.774816e-01 1.587632e+01 6.2043901 5.875163397
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 1.080641e+01 1.355801e-01 1.0819146 0.603677584
## Nitrat 9.980000e+00 2.939335e-01 2.3079070 6.166626052
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 4.974806e-02 9.860388e+00 4.0535010 9.811167815
## Tembaga (Cu) 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.056352e+00 1.637291e-01 0.7061233 10.112314077
## Merkuri 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Seng (Zn) 1.374333e+00 1.377110e+00 2.8033652 0.777231180
## Flourida 5.874088e+00 2.232439e-05 7.2491608 11.910748630
## Nitrit (NO2) 4.134486e+00 9.395059e+00 2.7770615 6.510516842
## Klorin Bebas 1.948448e-06 7.763267e+00 7.3698879 0.027785175
## Sulfida (H2S) 9.513473e+00 2.028655e+00 9.2286446 2.243116837
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.253605e+00 5.348985e-05 6.7178854 6.121980405
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 1.274134e+01 1.984648e+00 0.9439003 0.005017802
## Fenol 2.642173e+00 4.173349e-02 4.6518841 1.311243070
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.102887e+01 8.732200e-01 8.4867746 2.075832120
## Bakteri Koli 1.097110e+01 8.694837e-01 8.5466459 2.123512029
## Dim.5 Dim.6 Dim.7 Dim.8
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 10.124046303 0.78881451 24.056615233 12.973008069
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.056332874 1.55144714 1.243750138 0.919510666
## COD (dichromat) 0.136988625 1.09656457 0.191740054 0.156313234
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 6.252894383 12.87699799 0.358567627 3.708595754
## Nitrat 1.206186508 0.02646028 0.007209927 2.152168877
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 2.027235722 7.77617194 8.512924980 0.817906834
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 13.113564275 7.64133833 27.991591161 0.273295847
## Merkuri 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Seng (Zn) 18.574708203 29.17061459 0.557644115 13.880709661
## Flourida 6.179651653 2.32587936 0.180317337 1.163877772
## Nitrit (NO2) 0.000352039 0.07024017 12.820836991 0.382013297
## Klorin Bebas 2.045026587 14.37420607 5.132388093 10.059477436
## Sulfida (H2S) 1.316612659 0.15492587 3.022673369 0.006589386
## Minyak dan Lemak 1.244101215 8.49561399 0.911247300 39.779269354
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.385830030 3.58791892 0.058506147 8.464631473
## Fenol 33.273106641 9.96331267 7.967611544 0.068832421
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.807321341 0.03216686 1.654742218 0.099841573
## Bakteri Koli 1.899813808 0.01583947 1.625811914 0.058895215
## Dim.9 Dim.10 Dim.11 Dim.12
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 3.48402250 1.696696e+00 5.6816968 20.334669662
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.32858388 1.887887e-04 4.7007044 0.609704252
## COD (dichromat) 2.23929485 6.244311e-01 2.9847199 3.946009519
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.20962504 2.644314e+01 0.4159428 5.005537665
## Nitrat 1.70394769 4.101063e+01 1.0811861 30.939662647
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 3.26742806 1.170183e-01 17.6407472 1.568762055
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 11.80821156 2.136927e-02 1.5733677 0.775998314
## Merkuri 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Seng (Zn) 23.75235765 1.737590e+00 0.2599703 0.054067139
## Flourida 4.49434027 5.230302e+00 5.3588588 0.001391441
## Nitrit (NO2) 0.03292292 1.102953e+00 3.2398415 9.295785825
## Klorin Bebas 24.84785887 1.427240e-01 25.2309352 1.071048168
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.65874132 7.573820e-03 1.0718861 0.376878485
## Minyak dan Lemak 8.35309079 3.308851e+00 10.8581313 0.038424856
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 5.39301030 7.505415e+00 3.5415216 9.545927944
## Fenol 1.22840337 1.055013e+01 13.8812222 9.725734210
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.09868752 1.236539e-01 0.7587672 0.021341015
## Bakteri Koli 1.21740064 8.362122e-02 0.8081742 0.039412705
## Dim.13 Dim.14 Dim.15 Dim.16
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.01906992 1.355547989 1.014367e-01 0.201573334
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 5.25162432 32.602282259 8.917953e-02 6.957964202
## COD (dichromat) 11.79479944 5.485141842 1.230743e-01 3.927837729
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.30141354 5.096847300 8.728905e+00 5.690880589
## Nitrat 0.09116066 1.169496125 4.284505e-01 0.961177883
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 12.84966438 13.319947134 1.848405e-02 0.947971353
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.68867089 9.265968412 1.004315e+00 11.501005459
## Merkuri 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Seng (Zn) 0.41855440 3.207522794 2.239227e-01 1.627162848
## Flourida 11.48885149 13.954065510 1.295082e+01 0.004025506
## Nitrit (NO2) 36.64113551 0.510370346 5.733657e-02 13.023334068
## Klorin Bebas 1.05358658 0.003819395 4.284297e-01 0.213647933
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.77277003 1.487763818 6.016949e+01 5.088402756
## Minyak dan Lemak 4.87859213 4.892479576 4.100743e-02 0.680830682
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.04098493 3.914103973 7.854459e+00 33.978046290
## Fenol 2.35422128 1.791268615 1.680969e-01 0.381021105
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 5.72681043 1.002315380 4.091578e+00 7.498815386
## Bakteri Koli 5.31942669 0.877097325 3.520980e+00 7.100545904
## Dim.17 Dim.18 Dim.19 Dim.20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 3.337649e-02 7.437186e-04 1.573330e-30 2.478236e-30
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 1.634221e+01 2.647122e-03 1.060825e-29 8.701710e-30
## COD (dichromat) 3.915308e+01 6.645350e-03 3.724228e-29 3.075795e-29
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 1.227393e+01 9.135555e-03 6.831001e-29 3.077595e-29
## Nitrat 4.735143e-01 2.804059e-04 2.603636e-30 2.474402e-30
## Kadmium (Cd) 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 2.223701e+01 4.442965e+01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 7.359290e+00 1.643188e-03 2.067897e-30 3.283374e-29
## Tembaga (Cu) 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 6.610257e+01 5.640954e-01
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.026726e-01 1.125848e-04 1.429157e-29 8.241599e-31
## Merkuri 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 1.166041e+01 5.500625e+01
## Seng (Zn) 2.031096e-01 2.638701e-05 2.015972e-32 1.199981e-30
## Flourida 1.163317e+01 4.274994e-04 1.187400e-28 6.076792e-29
## Nitrit (NO2) 5.512436e-03 2.409354e-04 5.942678e-31 5.258832e-30
## Klorin Bebas 2.348633e-01 1.047091e-03 1.693666e-30 6.743451e-32
## Sulfida (H2S) 2.842230e+00 9.572203e-03 2.768989e-29 6.079712e-30
## Minyak dan Lemak 4.236754e-01 1.160065e-03 1.195284e-29 1.848244e-30
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 5.426505e-02 4.763328e-04 1.040257e-29 1.042039e-29
## Fenol 1.677019e-06 1.534210e-06 1.442417e-31 4.267204e-31
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 4.051655e+00 4.956760e+01 3.263492e-26 8.459164e-26
## Bakteri Koli 4.524121e+00 5.039812e+01 3.678673e-26 8.807090e-26pca2$rotation## PC1 PC2 PC3
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## COD (dichromat) 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## Nitrat -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## Merkuri -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## Seng (Zn) 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## Flourida 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## Klorin Bebas -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## Fenol 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## Bakteri Koli 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647
## PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.417808839 0.31818307 -0.08881523 -0.490475435
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.198095573 0.02373455 -0.12455710 0.111523546
## COD (dichromat) 0.242387363 -0.03701197 -0.10471698 -0.043788132
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.077696691 0.25005788 0.35884534 0.059880517
## Nitrat -0.248326923 -0.10982652 -0.01626662 -0.008491129
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.313227837 -0.14238103 -0.27885788 -0.291769172
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.317998649 -0.36212656 0.27642971 -0.529070800
## Merkuri 0.207713415 -0.03445902 0.01310054 0.111142879
## Seng (Zn) -0.088160716 -0.43098385 0.54009827 0.074675573
## Flourida 0.345119525 0.24858905 0.15250834 0.042463789
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.255157145 -0.00187627 -0.02650286 0.358061964
## Klorin Bebas -0.016668886 0.14300443 0.37913330 0.226547745
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.149770385 -0.11474374 -0.03936062 -0.173858373
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.247426361 0.11153929 -0.29147237 0.095459274
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.007083645 0.06211522 -0.18941803 0.024188044
## Fenol -0.114509522 -0.57682845 -0.31564716 0.282269579
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.144077483 -0.13443665 0.01793512 -0.128636784
## Bakteri Koli -0.145722751 -0.13783373 0.01258550 -0.127507330
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279 0.23836310
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004 -0.21681108
## COD (dichromat) 0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952 -0.17276342
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958 -0.06449363
## Nitrat 0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434 -0.10398010
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936 0.42000890
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233 -0.12543396
## Merkuri 0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297 0.05514607
## Seng (Zn) 0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680 -0.05098728
## Flourida -0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532 0.23149209
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579 -0.17999560
## Klorin Bebas 0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834 0.50230404
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770 -0.10353193
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487 -0.32951679
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126 0.18818931
## Fenol -0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677 0.37257512
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463 -0.08710725
## Bakteri Koli -0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333 -0.08989851
## PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.450939793 0.01380939 -0.116428003 -0.0318491327
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) -0.078083561 0.22916423 -0.570984083 0.0298629426
## COD (dichromat) -0.198645652 0.34343558 0.234203797 -0.0350819515
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.223730589 0.05490114 0.225761983 -0.2954472060
## Nitrat 0.556234327 -0.03019282 -0.108143244 0.0654561324
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.125250232 -0.35846429 0.364965028 -0.0135956047
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.088090767 -0.08298620 -0.304400532 -0.1002155304
## Merkuri -0.148880759 -0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## Seng (Zn) -0.023252342 -0.06469578 0.179095583 0.0473204726
## Flourida 0.003730202 -0.33895208 -0.373551409 0.3598724705
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.304889912 -0.60531922 -0.071440209 0.0239450549
## Klorin Bebas 0.103491457 0.10264437 -0.006180125 0.0654545399
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.061390430 0.08790734 0.121973924 0.7756899527
## Minyak dan Lemak -0.019602259 -0.22087535 0.221189502 0.0202502903
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.308964851 0.02024474 -0.197840946 -0.2802580735
## Fenol -0.311861094 0.15343472 -0.133838284 -0.0409996216
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.014608564 -0.23930755 -0.100115702 -0.2022764855
## Bakteri Koli 0.019852633 -0.23063882 -0.093653474 -0.1876427572
## PC16 PC17 PC18
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.044896919 0.0182692344 0.0027271205
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.263779533 -0.4042549689 0.0051450189
## COD (dichromat) -0.198187732 0.6257242231 -0.0081519019
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.238555666 -0.3503416869 0.0095580098
## Nitrat -0.098039680 0.0688123761 -0.0016745324
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.097363820 -0.2712801129 0.0040536262
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.339131324 -0.0550156874 0.0010610600
## Merkuri 0.026817716 0.0172552160 0.0006335309
## Seng (Zn) 0.127560294 -0.0450676792 0.0005136829
## Flourida 0.006344688 0.3410743684 0.0020676058
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.360878568 -0.0074245784 0.0015522095
## Klorin Bebas 0.046222065 0.0484626956 -0.0032358784
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.225574882 -0.1685891517 -0.0097837634
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.082512465 -0.0650903519 -0.0034059724
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.582906908 -0.0232948596 -0.0021825050
## Fenol -0.061726907 0.0001294998 0.0001238632
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.273839650 0.2012872341 -0.7040426400
## Bakteri Koli 0.266468495 0.2126998040 0.7099163030
## PC19 PC20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -1.254325e-16 -1.574242e-16
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.257032e-16 -2.949866e-16
## COD (dichromat) -6.102645e-16 -5.545985e-16
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 8.264987e-16 5.547607e-16
## Nitrat -1.613579e-16 -1.573023e-16
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.715614e-01 -6.665557e-01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 1.438018e-16 5.730073e-16
## Tembaga (Cu) -8.130349e-01 -7.510629e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.780419e-16 -9.078325e-17
## Merkuri -3.414735e-01 -7.416620e-01
## Seng (Zn) -1.419849e-17 1.095437e-16
## Flourida -1.089679e-15 -7.795378e-16
## Nitrit (NO2) 7.708877e-17 2.293214e-16
## Klorin Bebas -1.301409e-16 -2.596816e-17
## Sulfida (H2S) 5.262118e-16 2.465707e-16
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.457288e-16 1.359501e-16
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 3.225301e-16 3.228062e-16
## Fenol -3.797917e-17 6.532384e-17
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.806514e-14 2.908464e-14
## Bakteri Koli -1.917987e-14 -2.967674e-14summary(pca2)## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 2.3641 1.9713 1.7131 1.5191 1.11836 1.02613 0.94812
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794 0.1943 0.1467 0.1154 0.06254 0.05265 0.04495
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794 0.4738 0.6205 0.7359 0.79840 0.85105 0.89600
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14
## Standard deviation 0.84091 0.70495 0.57316 0.49104 0.37444 0.27390 0.24295
## Proportion of Variance 0.03536 0.02485 0.01643 0.01206 0.00701 0.00375 0.00295
## Cumulative Proportion 0.93135 0.95620 0.97262 0.98468 0.99169 0.99544 0.99839
## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19 PC20
## Standard deviation 0.1483 0.08611 0.05230 0.001552 2.751e-16 1.573e-16
## Proportion of Variance 0.0011 0.00037 0.00014 0.000000 0.000e+00 0.000e+00
## Cumulative Proportion 0.9995 0.99986 1.00000 1.000000 1.000e+00 1.000e+00HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
STATISTIKA DESKRIPTIF
Data kualitas air sungai di Jakarta dapat dijelaskan secara deskriptif dalam tabel berikut.
get_summary_stats(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020)## # A tibble: 20 × 13
## variable n min max median q1 q3 iqr mad
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Zat padat ter… 24 2 e+0 8.6 e+ 2 1.03e+2 2.65e+1 3.37e+2 3.10e+2 1.35e+2
## 2 BOD (20°C. 5 … 24 3.53e+0 4.54e+ 1 9.86e+0 5.8 e+0 1.62e+1 1.04e+1 6.67e+0
## 3 COD (dichroma… 24 1 e+1 2.16e+ 2 2.8 e+1 1 e+1 4.93e+1 3.92e+1 2.67e+1
## 4 Total Phospha… 24 1.6 e-2 3.09e+ 0 3.89e-1 4.3 e-2 7.42e-1 7 e-1 5.28e-1
## 5 Nitrat 24 3 e-2 3.08e+ 0 1.56e+0 1.13e+0 1.81e+0 6.75e-1 5.19e-1
## 6 Kadmium (Cd) 24 6 e-3 1 e- 2 1 e-2 1 e-2 1 e-2 0 0
## 7 Crom Hexavale… 24 0 5.3 e+ 1 0 0 1 e-3 1 e-3 0
## 8 Tembaga (Cu) 24 1 e-2 2 e- 2 2 e-2 2 e-2 2 e-2 0 0
## 9 Timah Hitam (… 24 0 4 e- 2 2 e-2 1 e-2 2.1 e-2 1.1 e-2 7 e-3
## 10 Merkuri 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
## 11 Seng (Zn) 24 7 e-3 8 e- 2 1 e-2 1 e-2 3 e-2 2 e-2 4 e-3
## 12 Flourida 24 2 e-2 5.3 e- 1 5 e-2 5 e-2 1.2 e-1 7 e-2 4.4 e-2
## 13 Nitrit (NO2) 24 1 e-2 2.5 e- 1 1.25e-1 1.08e-1 1.95e-1 8.8 e-2 8.2 e-2
## 14 Klorin Bebas 24 4 e-2 7 e- 1 1.65e-1 1.17e-1 3.72e-1 2.55e-1 1.7 e-1
## 15 Sulfida (H2S) 24 0 4.6 e- 1 1 e-2 0 3.3 e-2 3.3 e-2 1.5 e-2
## 16 Minyak dan Le… 24 1.9 e+0 4.31e+ 2 5.95e+1 1.09e+1 8.60e+1 7.51e+1 6.57e+1
## 17 Senyawa Aktif… 24 3 e+1 7.45e+ 2 5.85e+1 4.95e+1 1.90e+2 1.40e+2 2.52e+1
## 18 Fenol 24 4.9 e-1 6.4 e+ 1 7.5 e+0 4 e+0 1.25e+1 8.5 e+0 5.93e+0
## 19 Bakteri Koli … 24 1.9 e+3 1.78e+11 3.55e+7 1.81e+7 5.08e+7 3.27e+7 2.67e+7
## 20 Bakteri Koli 24 4.6 e+3 1.62e+11 2.15e+7 4.61e+6 3.22e+7 2.76e+7 1.93e+7
## # ℹ 4 more variables: mean <dbl>, sd <dbl>, se <dbl>, ci <dbl>ANALISIS KOMPONEN UTAMA
Sebelum melakukan analisis komponen utama, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitas terhadap masing-masing variabel yang digunakan dan hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut.
shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS)`
## W = 0.79074, p-value = 0.0002087shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`BOD (20°C. 5 hari)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`BOD (20°C. 5 hari)`
## W = 0.81114, p-value = 0.0004506shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`COD (dichromat)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`COD (dichromat)`
## W = 0.6608, p-value = 3.186e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Total Phosphat (PO4)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Total Phosphat (PO4)`
## W = 0.70116, p-value = 1.043e-05shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Nitrat)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Nitrat
## W = 0.90634, p-value = 0.0294shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Kadmium (Cd)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Kadmium (Cd)`
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)`
## W = 0.20904, p-value = 2.188e-10shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Tembaga (Cu)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Tembaga (Cu)`
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Timah Hitam (Pb)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Timah Hitam (Pb)`
## W = 0.95036, p-value = 0.2759shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Merkuri)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Merkuri
## W = 0.5026, p-value = 5.976e-08shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Seng (Zn)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Seng (Zn)`
## W = 0.66297, p-value = 3.388e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Flourida)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Flourida
## W = 0.69662, p-value = 9.091e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Nitrit (NO2)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Nitrit (NO2)`
## W = 0.93815, p-value = 0.1483shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Klorin Bebas`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Klorin Bebas`
## W = 0.8816, p-value = 0.008953shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Sulfida (H2S)`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Sulfida (H2S)`
## W = 0.37612, p-value = 4.302e-09shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Minyak dan Lemak`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Minyak dan Lemak`
## W = 0.70233, p-value = 1.081e-05shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen`
## W = 0.63419, p-value = 1.523e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Fenol)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$Fenol
## W = 0.6756, p-value = 4.873e-06shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli Tinja`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli Tinja`
## W = 0.2286, p-value = 3.029e-10shapiro.test(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli`)##
## Shapiro-Wilk normality test
##
## data: Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020$`Bakteri Koli`
## W = 0.22575, p-value = 2.887e-10Faktor <- c("Zat Padat Tersuspensi", "BOD","COD","Total Phosphat","Nitrat","Kadmium","Crom Hexavalen","Tembaga","Timah Hitam","Merkuri","Seng","Fluorida","Nitrit","Klorin Bebas","Sulfida","Minyak dan Lemak","Senyawa Aktif Metilen Biru","Fenol","Bakteri Koli Tinja","Bakteri Koli")
Hasil_Shapiro_Wilk <- c(0.79074,0.81114,0.66080,0.70116,0.90634,0.50260,0.20904,0.50260,0.95036,0.50260,0.66297,0.69662,0.93850,0.8816,0.37612,0.70233,0.63419,0.67560,0.22860,0.22575)
Status <-c("Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal","Tidak normal")
Tabel <- data.frame(Faktor,Hasil_Shapiro_Wilk,Status)
Tabel## Faktor Hasil_Shapiro_Wilk Status
## 1 Zat Padat Tersuspensi 0.79074 Tidak normal
## 2 BOD 0.81114 Tidak normal
## 3 COD 0.66080 Tidak normal
## 4 Total Phosphat 0.70116 Normal
## 5 Nitrat 0.90634 Tidak normal
## 6 Kadmium 0.50260 Tidak normal
## 7 Crom Hexavalen 0.20904 Tidak normal
## 8 Tembaga 0.50260 Normal
## 9 Timah Hitam 0.95036 Tidak normal
## 10 Merkuri 0.50260 Tidak normal
## 11 Seng 0.66297 Tidak normal
## 12 Fluorida 0.69662 Normal
## 13 Nitrit 0.93850 Tidak normal
## 14 Klorin Bebas 0.88160 Tidak normal
## 15 Sulfida 0.37612 Tidak normal
## 16 Minyak dan Lemak 0.70233 Tidak normal
## 17 Senyawa Aktif Metilen Biru 0.63419 Tidak normal
## 18 Fenol 0.67560 Tidak normal
## 19 Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.22860 Tidak normal
## 20 Bakteri Koli 0.22575 Tidak normalBerdasarkan hasil uji normalitas dengan shapiro-wilk maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa 17 variabel tidak berdistribusi normal, sehingga harus dilakukan normalitas dengan pendekatan scale. Setelah dilakukan normalitas, selanjutnya, dibuat matriks korelasi dengan hasil sebagai berikut.
scair = scale(Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020)
scair## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari) COD (dichromat)
## [1,] 0.2327896 -0.91143078 -0.6696924901
## [2,] 0.5817444 -0.03933639 0.2244727262
## [3,] -0.7773428 -0.44513151 -0.6696924901
## [4,] -0.6524537 -0.69027766 -0.6696924901
## [5,] -0.8434605 -0.71844339 -0.6696924901
## [6,] 0.2401360 -0.31473462 -0.3120264036
## [7,] 0.3613519 -0.30430287 -0.4461511860
## [8,] -0.7883624 -0.94898508 -0.6696924901
## [9,] 1.8232889 -0.80398375 -0.6696924901
## [10,] 2.3081524 -0.69966623 -0.6696924901
## [11,] 2.1979562 -0.71009799 -0.6696924901
## [12,] -0.3622702 0.06080842 0.0009314221
## [13,] 0.4605285 1.57132596 1.2974709857
## [14,] -0.1235116 1.12067432 1.0068672904
## [15,] -0.5606235 0.64915917 0.1574103350
## [16,] 1.4045431 0.17660085 0.1127020741
## [17,] -0.7406107 3.41774590 3.9352583738
## [18,] -0.7699963 0.32055902 0.2691809870
## [19,] -0.3843094 -0.76225674 -0.2449640124
## [20,] -0.8140749 0.55005754 -0.2002557516
## [21,] -0.6451073 0.73678588 0.3138892478
## [22,] -0.6010288 -0.27300762 0.2021185958
## [23,] -0.7479571 -0.10609960 -0.2896722732
## [24,] -0.7993820 -0.87596283 -0.6696924901
## Total Phosphat (PO4) Nitrat Kadmium (Cd) Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+)
## [1,] -0.25591318 1.4714468 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [2,] 0.33613492 2.0972463 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [3,] -0.70111469 -0.3200576 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [4,] -0.70111469 -0.1237283 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [5,] -0.70111469 -0.2832458 -1.9083151 -0.2039071
## [6,] -0.60321698 0.7229415 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [7,] -0.60321698 0.5634240 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [8,] -0.66148943 0.8824591 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [9,] -0.69645290 0.4775300 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [10,] -0.69645290 0.3916359 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [11,] -0.69645290 0.5266123 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [12,] 0.72539488 0.2566596 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [13,] 0.15432487 0.4284477 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [14,] -0.05545595 0.1953067 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [15,] -0.27689126 0.6615887 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [16,] -0.20696432 0.2443890 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [17,] -0.55659902 0.2321184 0.5021882 4.6948553
## [18,] 0.03777997 -0.1973518 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [19,] 0.14267038 -1.5716565 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [20,] -0.03214697 -1.5716565 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [21,] 2.88147553 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [22,] 1.00510264 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [23,] 2.82320308 -1.6452800 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## [24,] -0.66148943 -0.1482695 0.5021882 -0.2041844
## Tembaga (Cu) Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri Seng (Zn) Flourida
## [1,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [2,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [3,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 0.0571845
## [4,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [5,] -1.9083151 0.3580600 1.9083151 -0.69758782 -0.7501261
## [6,] 0.5021882 0.9317208 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [7,] 0.5021882 0.4727921 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [8,] 0.5021882 0.5875243 -0.5021882 2.92904087 -0.1850087
## [9,] 0.5021882 0.4727921 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [10,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [11,] 0.5021882 -0.2156009 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [12,] 0.5021882 -0.5597974 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 0.0571845
## [13,] 0.5021882 0.7022565 -0.5021882 2.92904087 -0.5079329
## [14,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [15,] 0.5021882 -0.9039939 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.1042776
## [16,] 0.5021882 -1.9251102 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 -0.5079329
## [17,] 0.5021882 1.5053817 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 0.0571845
## [18,] 0.5021882 -0.7892617 -0.5021882 -0.54854829 -0.5079329
## [19,] 0.5021882 2.6527033 -0.5021882 0.44504861 0.9452262
## [20,] 0.5021882 -0.9039939 -0.5021882 0.44504861 2.0754610
## [21,] 0.5021882 -1.7071191 -0.5021882 0.44504861 0.0571845
## [22,] 0.5021882 -0.5597974 -0.5021882 -0.05174984 1.3488815
## [23,] 0.5021882 -0.2156009 -0.5021882 0.44504861 3.3671579
## [24,] 0.5021882 0.2433278 -0.5021882 0.44504861 -0.1042776
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## [1,] -0.31384194 0.1461490 -0.09730218 -0.45941866
## [2,] -0.17933825 0.1985009 0.02162271 0.46772191
## [3,] -0.31384194 -0.6391292 0.02162271 -0.75431788
## [4,] -0.17933825 -0.5344254 -0.06486812 -0.75923909
## [5,] -0.31384194 -0.4820735 -0.05405677 -0.76066147
## [6,] -0.44834564 -0.8485367 -0.17298165 -0.77088805
## [7,] -0.31384194 -0.5344254 -0.17298165 -0.67744723
## [8,] 0.08966913 -1.0579442 -0.38920872 -0.67744723
## [9,] -0.04483456 0.3032046 -0.28109519 -0.71793825
## [10,] 0.35867651 -0.8485367 0.04324541 0.07111755
## [11,] 0.49318020 -0.7438329 0.04324541 -0.00571157
## [12,] 1.16569865 2.1878722 -0.38920872 -0.28084287
## [13,] 1.43470603 2.2925760 -0.28109519 -0.58815934
## [14,] 1.56920972 -0.9532404 -0.38920872 0.19466707
## [15,] 1.56920972 1.1408347 -0.28109519 -0.10434355
## [16,] 0.76218758 0.7743715 -0.38920872 -0.45526573
## [17,] 1.03119496 1.2978903 -0.38920872 -0.20712845
## [18,] 1.03119496 0.8267234 -0.38920872 -0.13860518
## [19,] -1.38987147 0.3032046 -0.38920872 1.97419555
## [20,] -1.65887885 -0.6391292 -0.28109519 3.68520076
## [21,] -1.25536778 0.5126121 4.58401381 0.04100884
## [22,] -1.52437516 -0.7961848 0.47569955 0.66498586
## [23,] -1.52437516 -0.7438329 -0.38920872 -0.11057293
## [24,] -0.04483456 -1.1626479 -0.38920872 0.36908994
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## [1,] -0.5215119 -0.75983983 -0.21806412 -0.21603927
## [2,] -0.5331712 -0.78908905 -0.21806401 -0.21604048
## [3,] 0.1780476 -0.68671679 -0.21806465 -0.21605215
## [4,] -0.5564898 -0.15511226 -0.21806451 -0.21605193
## [5,] 0.3063002 -0.65527388 -0.21806462 -0.21605204
## [6,] -0.5215119 0.05255719 -0.21718308 -0.21529534
## [7,] -0.5798085 -0.31305803 -0.21701777 -0.21514394
## [8,] -0.3233033 1.00315676 -0.21632901 -0.21496228
## [9,] -0.3932593 -0.23993499 -0.21674227 -0.21508339
## [10,] 0.2888112 -0.23993499 -0.21643921 -0.21505311
## [11,] -0.3874296 -0.16681194 -0.21690757 -0.21562839
## [12,] -0.6381051 -0.23993499 -0.21734838 -0.21559812
## [13,] -0.5623195 -0.31305803 -0.21699022 -0.21514394
## [14,] -0.6264458 -0.31305803 -0.21715553 -0.21550728
## [15,] -0.5215119 0.19880328 -0.21737593 -0.21587062
## [16,] 0.6793985 -0.53242717 -0.21740348 -0.21538617
## [17,] -0.5040229 -0.53242717 -0.21688002 -0.21541645
## [18,] -0.5156822 -0.53242717 -0.21715553 -0.21547700
## [19,] -0.4398966 -0.53242717 -0.21699022 -0.21538617
## [20,] 2.2825556 1.29564894 -0.21007502 -0.19425201
## [21,] 3.5301033 1.07627981 4.68594552 4.68901071
## [22,] 0.5219977 0.19880328 -0.21456577 -0.21272169
## [23,] 0.3587671 -0.67867326 0.08499211 0.02920086
## [24,] -0.5215119 3.85495549 -0.21805671 -0.21604981
## attr(,"scaled:center")
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari)
## 2.316250e+02 1.262708e+01
## COD (dichromat) Total Phosphat (PO4)
## 3.995833e+01 6.175833e-01
## Nitrat Kadmium (Cd)
## 1.370833e+00 9.166667e-03
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) Tembaga (Cu)
## 2.208958e+00 1.791667e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri
## 1.687917e-02 2.083333e-05
## Seng (Zn) Flourida
## 2.104167e-02 1.129167e-01
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas
## 1.333333e-01 2.620833e-01
## Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## 3.600000e-02 7.615013e+01
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol
## 1.394583e+02 1.128125e+01
## Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## 7.915056e+09 7.135580e+09
## attr(,"scaled:scale")
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) BOD (20°C. 5 hari)
## 2.722416e+02 9.586118e+00
## COD (dichromat) Total Phosphat (PO4)
## 4.473446e+01 8.580384e-01
## Nitrat Kadmium (Cd)
## 8.149575e-01 1.659404e-03
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) Tembaga (Cu)
## 1.081845e+01 4.148511e-03
## Timah Hitam (Pb) Merkuri
## 8.715951e-03 4.148511e-05
## Seng (Zn) Flourida
## 2.012889e-02 1.238681e-01
## Nitrit (NO2) Klorin Bebas
## 7.434740e-02 1.910151e-01
## Sulfida (H2S) Minyak dan Lemak
## 9.249536e-02 9.631765e+01
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen Fenol
## 1.715365e+02 1.367558e+01
## Bakteri Koli Tinja Bakteri Koli
## 3.629682e+10 3.302710e+10korelasiAir = cor(scair)
corrplot(korelasiAir,method="number")
- Nilai dan vektor eigen. Setelah dibuat matriks korelasi, selanjutnya dihitung nilai dan vektor eigen, dan didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut.
sair = cov(scair)
air_eigen = eigen(sair)
air_eigen## eigen() decomposition
## $values
## [1] 5.588949e+00 3.885955e+00 2.934674e+00 2.307723e+00 1.250724e+00
## [6] 1.052950e+00 8.989306e-01 7.071220e-01 4.969572e-01 3.285103e-01
## [11] 2.411182e-01 1.402036e-01 7.502042e-02 5.902696e-02 2.198373e-02
## [16] 7.414436e-03 2.735002e-03 2.409179e-06 1.229622e-16 -6.502517e-17
##
## $vectors
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
## [1,] -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009 0.417808839 -0.31818307
## [2,] 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082 -0.198095573 -0.02373455
## [3,] 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613 -0.242387363 0.03701197
## [4,] 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512 -0.077696691 -0.25005788
## [5,] -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797 0.248326923 0.10982652
## [6,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334 0.207713415 -0.03445902
## [7,] -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308 -0.313227837 0.14238103
## [8,] 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334 0.207713415 -0.03445902
## [9,] -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115 -0.317998649 0.36212656
## [10,] -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334 -0.207713415 0.03445902
## [11,] 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253 0.088160716 0.43098385
## [12,] 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266 -0.345119525 -0.24858905
## [13,] -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518 0.255157145 0.00187627
## [14,] -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537 0.016668886 -0.14300443
## [15,] 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684 0.149770385 0.11474374
## [16,] 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884 -0.247426361 -0.11153929
## [17,] 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453 0.007083645 -0.06211522
## [18,] 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227 0.114509522 0.57682845
## [19,] 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069 0.144077483 0.13443665
## [20,] 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647 0.145722751 0.13783373
## [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
## [1,] 0.08881523 0.490475435 -0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279
## [2,] 0.12455710 -0.111523546 -0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004
## [3,] 0.10471698 0.043788132 -0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952
## [4,] -0.35884534 -0.059880517 0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958
## [5,] 0.01626662 0.008491129 -0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434
## [6,] 0.01310054 0.111142879 0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297
## [7,] 0.27885788 0.291769172 0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936
## [8,] 0.01310054 0.111142879 0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297
## [9,] -0.27642971 0.529070800 -0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233
## [10,] -0.01310054 -0.111142879 -0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297
## [11,] -0.54009827 -0.074675573 -0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680
## [12,] -0.15250834 -0.042463789 0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532
## [13,] 0.02650286 -0.358061964 0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579
## [14,] -0.37913330 -0.226547745 -0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834
## [15,] 0.03936062 0.173858373 -0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770
## [16,] 0.29147237 -0.095459274 -0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487
## [17,] 0.18941803 -0.024188044 -0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126
## [18,] 0.31564716 -0.282269579 0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677
## [19,] -0.01793512 0.128636784 0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463
## [20,] -0.01258550 0.127507330 0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333
## [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15]
## [1,] -0.23836310 -0.450939793 0.01380939 0.116428003 0.0318491327
## [2,] 0.21681108 -0.078083561 0.22916423 0.570984083 -0.0298629426
## [3,] 0.17276342 -0.198645652 0.34343558 -0.234203797 0.0350819515
## [4,] 0.06449363 -0.223730589 0.05490114 -0.225761983 0.2954472060
## [5,] 0.10398010 0.556234327 -0.03019282 0.108143244 -0.0654561324
## [6,] 0.05514607 0.148880759 0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## [7,] -0.42000890 0.125250232 -0.35846429 -0.364965028 0.0135956047
## [8,] 0.05514607 0.148880759 0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## [9,] 0.12543396 -0.088090767 -0.08298620 0.304400532 0.1002155304
## [10,] -0.05514607 -0.148880759 -0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## [11,] 0.05098728 -0.023252342 -0.06469578 -0.179095583 -0.0473204726
## [12,] -0.23149209 0.003730202 -0.33895208 0.373551409 -0.3598724705
## [13,] 0.17999560 -0.304889912 -0.60531922 0.071440209 -0.0239450549
## [14,] -0.50230404 0.103491457 0.10264437 0.006180125 -0.0654545399
## [15,] 0.10353193 -0.061390430 0.08790734 -0.121973924 -0.7756899527
## [16,] 0.32951679 -0.019602259 -0.22087535 -0.221189502 -0.0202502903
## [17,] -0.18818931 0.308964851 0.02024474 0.197840946 0.2802580735
## [18,] -0.37257512 -0.311861094 0.15343472 0.133838284 0.0409996216
## [19,] 0.08710725 0.014608564 -0.23930755 0.100115702 0.2022764855
## [20,] 0.08989851 0.019852633 -0.23063882 0.093653474 0.1876427572
## [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20]
## [1,] -0.044896919 -0.0182692344 0.0027271205 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
## [2,] -0.263779533 0.4042549689 0.0051450189 2.245900e-14 1.196816e-14
## [3,] 0.198187732 -0.6257242231 -0.0081519019 -3.369172e-14 -1.881950e-14
## [4,] 0.238555666 0.3503416869 0.0095580098 1.915526e-14 6.593510e-15
## [5,] 0.098039680 -0.0688123761 -0.0016745324 -3.733965e-15 -2.294746e-15
## [6,] 0.026817716 0.0172552160 -0.0006335309 1.705506e-01 7.984855e-01
## [7,] -0.097363820 0.2712801129 0.0040536262 1.372116e-14 9.208436e-15
## [8,] 0.026817716 0.0172552160 -0.0006335309 -7.767841e-01 -2.515416e-01
## [9,] 0.339131324 0.0550156874 0.0010610600 4.114266e-15 -2.672289e-15
## [10,] -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 0.0006335309 -6.062335e-01 5.469439e-01
## [11,] -0.127560294 0.0450676792 0.0005136829 1.784942e-15 2.871743e-15
## [12,] -0.006344688 -0.3410743684 0.0020676058 -1.601948e-14 -7.396466e-15
## [13,] 0.360878568 0.0074245784 0.0015522095 1.358862e-15 -2.956853e-15
## [14,] -0.046222065 -0.0484626956 -0.0032358784 -3.814775e-15 -1.151306e-15
## [15,] 0.225574882 0.1685891517 -0.0097837634 4.105209e-15 -1.018905e-15
## [16,] -0.082512465 0.0650903519 -0.0034059724 2.411206e-15 2.676012e-15
## [17,] 0.582906908 0.0232948596 -0.0021825050 1.327918e-15 -6.183987e-15
## [18,] 0.061726907 -0.0001294998 0.0001238632 1.474991e-16 -1.233418e-15
## [19,] -0.273839650 -0.2012872341 -0.7040426400 -1.505774e-13 -9.020777e-14
## [20,] -0.266468495 -0.2126998040 0.7099163030 1.336274e-13 8.930769e-14- Scree Plot
Dalam memilih jumlah komponen, ada beberapa pertimbangan yang dibuat. Salah satunya adalah menentukan berapa banyak komponen yang tercakup dalam parameter kualitas air. Dalam penelitian ini, komponen dengan nilai eigen yang lebih banyak, yaitu 5 komponen dengan grafik scree plot. Grafik scree plot dapat dilihat dalam gambar berikut.
kor_air <- eigen(korelasiAir)
plot(kor_air$values, xlab="Eigenvalue Number",
ylab="Eigenvalue Size", main="Scree Plot",color="blue")## Warning in plot.window(...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in plot.xy(xy, type, ...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "color" is not a
## graphical parameter
## Warning in axis(side = side, at = at, labels = labels, ...): "color" is not a
## graphical parameter## Warning in box(...): "color" is not a graphical parameter## Warning in title(...): "color" is not a graphical parameterlines(kor_air$values)
- Analisis Komponen Utama
Langkah berikutnya adalah melakukan analisis komponen utama. Berikut ini adalah hasilnya.
pca1 = princomp(x=scair,cor=T)
pca1## Call:
## princomp(x = scair, cor = T)
##
## Standard deviations:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5 Comp.6
## 2.364095785 1.971282608 1.713088893 1.519119213 1.118357795 1.026133636
## Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10 Comp.11 Comp.12
## 0.948119501 0.840905475 0.704951908 0.573158184 0.491037862 0.374437741
## Comp.13 Comp.14 Comp.15 Comp.16 Comp.17 Comp.18
## 0.273898564 0.242954649 0.148269108 0.086107118 0.052297246 0.001552153
## Comp.19 Comp.20
## 0.000000000 0.000000000
##
## 20 variables and 24 observations.summary(pca1)## Importance of components:
## Comp.1 Comp.2 Comp.3 Comp.4 Comp.5
## Standard deviation 2.3640958 1.9712826 1.7130889 1.5191192 1.11835779
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794474 0.1942978 0.1467337 0.1153862 0.06253621
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794474 0.4737452 0.6204789 0.7358650 0.79840124
## Comp.6 Comp.7 Comp.8 Comp.9 Comp.10
## Standard deviation 1.02613364 0.94811950 0.8409055 0.70495191 0.57315818
## Proportion of Variance 0.05264751 0.04494653 0.0353561 0.02484786 0.01642552
## Cumulative Proportion 0.85104876 0.89599529 0.9313514 0.95619925 0.97262476
## Comp.11 Comp.12 Comp.13 Comp.14
## Standard deviation 0.49103786 0.374437741 0.273898564 0.242954649
## Proportion of Variance 0.01205591 0.007010181 0.003751021 0.002951348
## Cumulative Proportion 0.98468067 0.991690852 0.995441873 0.998393221
## Comp.15 Comp.16 Comp.17 Comp.18
## Standard deviation 0.148269108 0.0861071184 0.0522972460 1.552153e-03
## Proportion of Variance 0.001099186 0.0003707218 0.0001367501 1.204589e-07
## Cumulative Proportion 0.999492408 0.9998631294 0.9999998795 1.000000e+00
## Comp.19 Comp.20
## Standard deviation 0 0
## Proportion of Variance 0 0
## Cumulative Proportion 1 1pca2 <- prcomp(x=Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020, scale. = TRUE, center = TRUE)
pca2## Standard deviations (1, .., p=20):
## [1] 2.364096e+00 1.971283e+00 1.713089e+00 1.519119e+00 1.118358e+00
## [6] 1.026134e+00 9.481195e-01 8.409055e-01 7.049519e-01 5.731582e-01
## [11] 4.910379e-01 3.744377e-01 2.738986e-01 2.429546e-01 1.482691e-01
## [16] 8.610712e-02 5.229725e-02 1.552153e-03 2.751231e-16 1.573210e-16
##
## Rotation (n x k) = (20 x 20):
## PC1 PC2 PC3
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## COD (dichromat) 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## Nitrat -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## Merkuri -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## Seng (Zn) 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## Flourida 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## Klorin Bebas -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## Fenol 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## Bakteri Koli 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647
## PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.417808839 0.31818307 -0.08881523 -0.490475435
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.198095573 0.02373455 -0.12455710 0.111523546
## COD (dichromat) 0.242387363 -0.03701197 -0.10471698 -0.043788132
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.077696691 0.25005788 0.35884534 0.059880517
## Nitrat -0.248326923 -0.10982652 -0.01626662 -0.008491129
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.313227837 -0.14238103 -0.27885788 -0.291769172
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.317998649 -0.36212656 0.27642971 -0.529070800
## Merkuri 0.207713415 -0.03445902 0.01310054 0.111142879
## Seng (Zn) -0.088160716 -0.43098385 0.54009827 0.074675573
## Flourida 0.345119525 0.24858905 0.15250834 0.042463789
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.255157145 -0.00187627 -0.02650286 0.358061964
## Klorin Bebas -0.016668886 0.14300443 0.37913330 0.226547745
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.149770385 -0.11474374 -0.03936062 -0.173858373
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.247426361 0.11153929 -0.29147237 0.095459274
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.007083645 0.06211522 -0.18941803 0.024188044
## Fenol -0.114509522 -0.57682845 -0.31564716 0.282269579
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.144077483 -0.13443665 0.01793512 -0.128636784
## Bakteri Koli -0.145722751 -0.13783373 0.01258550 -0.127507330
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279 0.23836310
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004 -0.21681108
## COD (dichromat) 0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952 -0.17276342
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958 -0.06449363
## Nitrat 0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434 -0.10398010
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936 0.42000890
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233 -0.12543396
## Merkuri 0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297 0.05514607
## Seng (Zn) 0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680 -0.05098728
## Flourida -0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532 0.23149209
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579 -0.17999560
## Klorin Bebas 0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834 0.50230404
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770 -0.10353193
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487 -0.32951679
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126 0.18818931
## Fenol -0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677 0.37257512
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463 -0.08710725
## Bakteri Koli -0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333 -0.08989851
## PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.450939793 0.01380939 -0.116428003 -0.0318491327
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) -0.078083561 0.22916423 -0.570984083 0.0298629426
## COD (dichromat) -0.198645652 0.34343558 0.234203797 -0.0350819515
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.223730589 0.05490114 0.225761983 -0.2954472060
## Nitrat 0.556234327 -0.03019282 -0.108143244 0.0654561324
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.125250232 -0.35846429 0.364965028 -0.0135956047
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.088090767 -0.08298620 -0.304400532 -0.1002155304
## Merkuri -0.148880759 -0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## Seng (Zn) -0.023252342 -0.06469578 0.179095583 0.0473204726
## Flourida 0.003730202 -0.33895208 -0.373551409 0.3598724705
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.304889912 -0.60531922 -0.071440209 0.0239450549
## Klorin Bebas 0.103491457 0.10264437 -0.006180125 0.0654545399
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.061390430 0.08790734 0.121973924 0.7756899527
## Minyak dan Lemak -0.019602259 -0.22087535 0.221189502 0.0202502903
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.308964851 0.02024474 -0.197840946 -0.2802580735
## Fenol -0.311861094 0.15343472 -0.133838284 -0.0409996216
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.014608564 -0.23930755 -0.100115702 -0.2022764855
## Bakteri Koli 0.019852633 -0.23063882 -0.093653474 -0.1876427572
## PC16 PC17 PC18
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.044896919 0.0182692344 0.0027271205
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.263779533 -0.4042549689 0.0051450189
## COD (dichromat) -0.198187732 0.6257242231 -0.0081519019
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.238555666 -0.3503416869 0.0095580098
## Nitrat -0.098039680 0.0688123761 -0.0016745324
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.097363820 -0.2712801129 0.0040536262
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.339131324 -0.0550156874 0.0010610600
## Merkuri 0.026817716 0.0172552160 0.0006335309
## Seng (Zn) 0.127560294 -0.0450676792 0.0005136829
## Flourida 0.006344688 0.3410743684 0.0020676058
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.360878568 -0.0074245784 0.0015522095
## Klorin Bebas 0.046222065 0.0484626956 -0.0032358784
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.225574882 -0.1685891517 -0.0097837634
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.082512465 -0.0650903519 -0.0034059724
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.582906908 -0.0232948596 -0.0021825050
## Fenol -0.061726907 0.0001294998 0.0001238632
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.273839650 0.2012872341 -0.7040426400
## Bakteri Koli 0.266468495 0.2126998040 0.7099163030
## PC19 PC20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -1.254325e-16 -1.574242e-16
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.257032e-16 -2.949866e-16
## COD (dichromat) -6.102645e-16 -5.545985e-16
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 8.264987e-16 5.547607e-16
## Nitrat -1.613579e-16 -1.573023e-16
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.715614e-01 -6.665557e-01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 1.438018e-16 5.730073e-16
## Tembaga (Cu) -8.130349e-01 -7.510629e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.780419e-16 -9.078325e-17
## Merkuri -3.414735e-01 -7.416620e-01
## Seng (Zn) -1.419849e-17 1.095437e-16
## Flourida -1.089679e-15 -7.795378e-16
## Nitrit (NO2) 7.708877e-17 2.293214e-16
## Klorin Bebas -1.301409e-16 -2.596816e-17
## Sulfida (H2S) 5.262118e-16 2.465707e-16
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.457288e-16 1.359501e-16
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 3.225301e-16 3.228062e-16
## Fenol -3.797917e-17 6.532384e-17
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.806514e-14 2.908464e-14
## Bakteri Koli -1.917987e-14 -2.967674e-14summary(pca2)## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 2.3641 1.9713 1.7131 1.5191 1.11836 1.02613 0.94812
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794 0.1943 0.1467 0.1154 0.06254 0.05265 0.04495
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794 0.4738 0.6205 0.7359 0.79840 0.85105 0.89600
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14
## Standard deviation 0.84091 0.70495 0.57316 0.49104 0.37444 0.27390 0.24295
## Proportion of Variance 0.03536 0.02485 0.01643 0.01206 0.00701 0.00375 0.00295
## Cumulative Proportion 0.93135 0.95620 0.97262 0.98468 0.99169 0.99544 0.99839
## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19 PC20
## Standard deviation 0.1483 0.08611 0.05230 0.001552 2.751e-16 1.573e-16
## Proportion of Variance 0.0011 0.00037 0.00014 0.000000 0.000e+00 0.000e+00
## Cumulative Proportion 0.9995 0.99986 1.00000 1.000000 1.000e+00 1.000e+00Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama di atas, banyaknya komponen utama yang diambil adalah 5 komponen. Hal itu dikarenakan 5 komponen utama telah menangkap lebih dari 75% keragaman data, yaitu 79.84% keragaman data.
Nilai koefisien dari setiap indikator yang dibentuk oleh setiap komponen utama digunakan sebagai alat untuk menginterpretasikan setiap komponen utama. Selain itu, nilai ini juga dapat digunakan untuk menginterpretasikan setiap komponen utama. Dengan cara ini, penamaan komponen utama. Dengan cara ini, penamaan komponen utama didasarkan pada koefisien terbesar dari variabel tersebut, karena hal ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh varians dari variabel yang bersangkutan. Lalu, rumus yang terbentuk merupakan rumus yang telah distandarisasi untuk data tersebut. \[
KU_1 =
-0.1185X_1+0.0907X_2+0.0421X_3+0.3287X_4-0.3159X_5+0.2014X_6-0.0223X_7+0.2014X_8-0.1748X_9-0.2014X_{10}+0.1172X_{11}+0.2424X_{12}-0.2033X_{13}-0.0001X_{14}+0.3084X_{15}+0.1804X_{16}+0.357X_{17}+0.1625X_{18}+0.3321X_{19}+0.3312X_{20}
\]
\(KU_1\) menggambarkan ukuran data
Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen, Bakteri Koli Tinja, dan Bakteri Koli. Ketiga
indikator ini merupakan indikator terkuat dalam \(KU_1\). Komponen ini juga merupakan
komponen yang paling berperan besar dalam mendeskripsikan indikator
kualitas air sungai di Jakarta karena bisa menangkap keragaman data
terbesar.
\[
KU_2 =
-0.0373X_1-0.3864X_2-0.3985X_3+0.0368X_4-0.0542X_5-0.338X_6-0.314X_7-0.338X_8-0.0405X_9+0.338X_{10}-0.1174X_{11}+0.0005X_{12}-0.3065X_{13}-0.2786X_{14}+0.1424X_{15}+0.0007X_{16}+0.1409X_{17}+0.0204X_{18}+0.0934X_{19}+0.0932X_{20}
\]
\(KU_2\) menggambarkan ukuran data
Merkuri, Sulfida, dan Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen. Ketiga indikator ini
merupakan indikator terkuat dalam \(KU_2\).
\[
KU_3 =
-0.0384X_1+0.2582X_2+0.2491X_3+0.104X_4+0.1519X_5-0.2586X_6+0.2013X_7-0.2586X_8-0.084X_9+0.2586X_{10}-0.1674X_{11}-0.2692X_{12}+0.1666X_{13}+0.2715X_{14}+0.3037X_{15}-0.2592X_{16}+0.0972X_{17}-0.2157X_{18}+0.2913X_{19}+0.2923X_{20}
\]
\(KU_3\) menggambarkan ukuran data
Sulfida, Bakteri Koli Tinja, dan Bakteri Koli. Ketiga indikator ini
merupakan indikator terkuat dalam \(KU_3\).
\[
KU_4 =
-0.4178X_1+0.1981X_2+0.2424X_3+0.3287X_4-0.2483X_5-0.2077X_6+0.3132X_7-0.2077X_8+0.318X_9+0.2077X_{10}-0.0882X_{11}+0.3451X_{12}-0.2552X_{13}-0.0167X_{14}-0.15X_{15}+0.2474X_{16}-0.0071X_{17}-0.1145X_{18}-0.1441X_{19}-0.1457X_{20}
\]
\(KU_4\) menggambarkan ukuran data
Flourida, Timah Hitam, dan Crom Hexavalen. Ketiga indikator ini
merupakan indikator terkuat dalam \(KU_4\).
\[ KU_5 = 0.3182X_1+0.0237X_2-0.037X_3+0.25X_4-0.1098X_5+0.0345X_6-0.1424X_7+0.0345X_8-0.3621X_9-0.0345X_{10}-0.431X_{11}+0.2486X_{12}-0.002X_{13}+0.143X_{14}-0.1147X_{15}+0.1115X_{16}-0.0621X_{17}-0.5768X_{18}-0.1344X_{19}-0.1378X_{20} \]
\(KU_5\) menggambarkan ukuran data Zat padat tersuspensi, Total Phosphat, dan Klorin Bebas. Ketiga indikator ini merupakan indikator terkuat dalam \(KU_5\).
Untuk pembuktian dalam menentukan komponen manakah yang paling berperan besar dalam mendeskripsikan indikator kualitas air sungai di Jakarta, maka cara lain yang bisa dilakukan adalah melakukan proses rotasi dari data tersebut. Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut.
pca2 <- prcomp(x=Kualitas_Air_Sungai_Jakarta_Tahun_2020, scale. = TRUE, center = TRUE)
pca2## Standard deviations (1, .., p=20):
## [1] 2.364096e+00 1.971283e+00 1.713089e+00 1.519119e+00 1.118358e+00
## [6] 1.026134e+00 9.481195e-01 8.409055e-01 7.049519e-01 5.731582e-01
## [11] 4.910379e-01 3.744377e-01 2.738986e-01 2.429546e-01 1.482691e-01
## [16] 8.610712e-02 5.229725e-02 1.552153e-03 2.751231e-16 1.573210e-16
##
## Rotation (n x k) = (20 x 20):
## PC1 PC2 PC3
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## COD (dichromat) 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## Nitrat -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## Merkuri -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## Seng (Zn) 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## Flourida 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## Klorin Bebas -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## Fenol 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## Bakteri Koli 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647
## PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.417808839 0.31818307 -0.08881523 -0.490475435
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.198095573 0.02373455 -0.12455710 0.111523546
## COD (dichromat) 0.242387363 -0.03701197 -0.10471698 -0.043788132
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.077696691 0.25005788 0.35884534 0.059880517
## Nitrat -0.248326923 -0.10982652 -0.01626662 -0.008491129
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.313227837 -0.14238103 -0.27885788 -0.291769172
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.317998649 -0.36212656 0.27642971 -0.529070800
## Merkuri 0.207713415 -0.03445902 0.01310054 0.111142879
## Seng (Zn) -0.088160716 -0.43098385 0.54009827 0.074675573
## Flourida 0.345119525 0.24858905 0.15250834 0.042463789
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.255157145 -0.00187627 -0.02650286 0.358061964
## Klorin Bebas -0.016668886 0.14300443 0.37913330 0.226547745
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.149770385 -0.11474374 -0.03936062 -0.173858373
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.247426361 0.11153929 -0.29147237 0.095459274
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.007083645 0.06211522 -0.18941803 0.024188044
## Fenol -0.114509522 -0.57682845 -0.31564716 0.282269579
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.144077483 -0.13443665 0.01793512 -0.128636784
## Bakteri Koli -0.145722751 -0.13783373 0.01258550 -0.127507330
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279 0.23836310
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004 -0.21681108
## COD (dichromat) 0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952 -0.17276342
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958 -0.06449363
## Nitrat 0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434 -0.10398010
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936 0.42000890
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233 -0.12543396
## Merkuri 0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297 0.05514607
## Seng (Zn) 0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680 -0.05098728
## Flourida -0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532 0.23149209
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579 -0.17999560
## Klorin Bebas 0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834 0.50230404
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770 -0.10353193
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487 -0.32951679
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126 0.18818931
## Fenol -0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677 0.37257512
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463 -0.08710725
## Bakteri Koli -0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333 -0.08989851
## PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.450939793 0.01380939 -0.116428003 -0.0318491327
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) -0.078083561 0.22916423 -0.570984083 0.0298629426
## COD (dichromat) -0.198645652 0.34343558 0.234203797 -0.0350819515
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.223730589 0.05490114 0.225761983 -0.2954472060
## Nitrat 0.556234327 -0.03019282 -0.108143244 0.0654561324
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.125250232 -0.35846429 0.364965028 -0.0135956047
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.088090767 -0.08298620 -0.304400532 -0.1002155304
## Merkuri -0.148880759 -0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## Seng (Zn) -0.023252342 -0.06469578 0.179095583 0.0473204726
## Flourida 0.003730202 -0.33895208 -0.373551409 0.3598724705
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.304889912 -0.60531922 -0.071440209 0.0239450549
## Klorin Bebas 0.103491457 0.10264437 -0.006180125 0.0654545399
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.061390430 0.08790734 0.121973924 0.7756899527
## Minyak dan Lemak -0.019602259 -0.22087535 0.221189502 0.0202502903
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.308964851 0.02024474 -0.197840946 -0.2802580735
## Fenol -0.311861094 0.15343472 -0.133838284 -0.0409996216
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.014608564 -0.23930755 -0.100115702 -0.2022764855
## Bakteri Koli 0.019852633 -0.23063882 -0.093653474 -0.1876427572
## PC16 PC17 PC18
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.044896919 0.0182692344 0.0027271205
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.263779533 -0.4042549689 0.0051450189
## COD (dichromat) -0.198187732 0.6257242231 -0.0081519019
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.238555666 -0.3503416869 0.0095580098
## Nitrat -0.098039680 0.0688123761 -0.0016745324
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.097363820 -0.2712801129 0.0040536262
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.339131324 -0.0550156874 0.0010610600
## Merkuri 0.026817716 0.0172552160 0.0006335309
## Seng (Zn) 0.127560294 -0.0450676792 0.0005136829
## Flourida 0.006344688 0.3410743684 0.0020676058
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.360878568 -0.0074245784 0.0015522095
## Klorin Bebas 0.046222065 0.0484626956 -0.0032358784
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.225574882 -0.1685891517 -0.0097837634
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.082512465 -0.0650903519 -0.0034059724
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.582906908 -0.0232948596 -0.0021825050
## Fenol -0.061726907 0.0001294998 0.0001238632
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.273839650 0.2012872341 -0.7040426400
## Bakteri Koli 0.266468495 0.2126998040 0.7099163030
## PC19 PC20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -1.254325e-16 -1.574242e-16
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.257032e-16 -2.949866e-16
## COD (dichromat) -6.102645e-16 -5.545985e-16
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 8.264987e-16 5.547607e-16
## Nitrat -1.613579e-16 -1.573023e-16
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.715614e-01 -6.665557e-01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 1.438018e-16 5.730073e-16
## Tembaga (Cu) -8.130349e-01 -7.510629e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.780419e-16 -9.078325e-17
## Merkuri -3.414735e-01 -7.416620e-01
## Seng (Zn) -1.419849e-17 1.095437e-16
## Flourida -1.089679e-15 -7.795378e-16
## Nitrit (NO2) 7.708877e-17 2.293214e-16
## Klorin Bebas -1.301409e-16 -2.596816e-17
## Sulfida (H2S) 5.262118e-16 2.465707e-16
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.457288e-16 1.359501e-16
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 3.225301e-16 3.228062e-16
## Fenol -3.797917e-17 6.532384e-17
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.806514e-14 2.908464e-14
## Bakteri Koli -1.917987e-14 -2.967674e-14summary(pca2)## Importance of components:
## PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Standard deviation 2.3641 1.9713 1.7131 1.5191 1.11836 1.02613 0.94812
## Proportion of Variance 0.2794 0.1943 0.1467 0.1154 0.06254 0.05265 0.04495
## Cumulative Proportion 0.2794 0.4738 0.6205 0.7359 0.79840 0.85105 0.89600
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11 PC12 PC13 PC14
## Standard deviation 0.84091 0.70495 0.57316 0.49104 0.37444 0.27390 0.24295
## Proportion of Variance 0.03536 0.02485 0.01643 0.01206 0.00701 0.00375 0.00295
## Cumulative Proportion 0.93135 0.95620 0.97262 0.98468 0.99169 0.99544 0.99839
## PC15 PC16 PC17 PC18 PC19 PC20
## Standard deviation 0.1483 0.08611 0.05230 0.001552 2.751e-16 1.573e-16
## Proportion of Variance 0.0011 0.00037 0.00014 0.000000 0.000e+00 0.000e+00
## Cumulative Proportion 0.9995 0.99986 1.00000 1.000000 1.000e+00 1.000e+00plot(pca2)
pca_contrib = get_pca_var(pca2)
pca_contrib$contrib## Dim.1 Dim.2 Dim.3 Dim.4
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 1.405259e+00 1.393138e-01 0.1476872 17.456422604
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 8.232934e-01 1.492963e+01 6.6667661 3.924185600
## COD (dichromat) 1.774816e-01 1.587632e+01 6.2043901 5.875163397
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 1.080641e+01 1.355801e-01 1.0819146 0.603677584
## Nitrat 9.980000e+00 2.939335e-01 2.3079070 6.166626052
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 4.974806e-02 9.860388e+00 4.0535010 9.811167815
## Tembaga (Cu) 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.056352e+00 1.637291e-01 0.7061233 10.112314077
## Merkuri 4.055993e+00 1.142262e+01 6.6855001 4.314486261
## Seng (Zn) 1.374333e+00 1.377110e+00 2.8033652 0.777231180
## Flourida 5.874088e+00 2.232439e-05 7.2491608 11.910748630
## Nitrit (NO2) 4.134486e+00 9.395059e+00 2.7770615 6.510516842
## Klorin Bebas 1.948448e-06 7.763267e+00 7.3698879 0.027785175
## Sulfida (H2S) 9.513473e+00 2.028655e+00 9.2286446 2.243116837
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.253605e+00 5.348985e-05 6.7178854 6.121980405
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 1.274134e+01 1.984648e+00 0.9439003 0.005017802
## Fenol 2.642173e+00 4.173349e-02 4.6518841 1.311243070
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.102887e+01 8.732200e-01 8.4867746 2.075832120
## Bakteri Koli 1.097110e+01 8.694837e-01 8.5466459 2.123512029
## Dim.5 Dim.6 Dim.7 Dim.8
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 10.124046303 0.78881451 24.056615233 12.973008069
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.056332874 1.55144714 1.243750138 0.919510666
## COD (dichromat) 0.136988625 1.09656457 0.191740054 0.156313234
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 6.252894383 12.87699799 0.358567627 3.708595754
## Nitrat 1.206186508 0.02646028 0.007209927 2.152168877
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 2.027235722 7.77617194 8.512924980 0.817906834
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 13.113564275 7.64133833 27.991591161 0.273295847
## Merkuri 0.118742378 0.01716242 1.235273951 1.678354377
## Seng (Zn) 18.574708203 29.17061459 0.557644115 13.880709661
## Flourida 6.179651653 2.32587936 0.180317337 1.163877772
## Nitrit (NO2) 0.000352039 0.07024017 12.820836991 0.382013297
## Klorin Bebas 2.045026587 14.37420607 5.132388093 10.059477436
## Sulfida (H2S) 1.316612659 0.15492587 3.022673369 0.006589386
## Minyak dan Lemak 1.244101215 8.49561399 0.911247300 39.779269354
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.385830030 3.58791892 0.058506147 8.464631473
## Fenol 33.273106641 9.96331267 7.967611544 0.068832421
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.807321341 0.03216686 1.654742218 0.099841573
## Bakteri Koli 1.899813808 0.01583947 1.625811914 0.058895215
## Dim.9 Dim.10 Dim.11 Dim.12
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 3.48402250 1.696696e+00 5.6816968 20.334669662
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.32858388 1.887887e-04 4.7007044 0.609704252
## COD (dichromat) 2.23929485 6.244311e-01 2.9847199 3.946009519
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.20962504 2.644314e+01 0.4159428 5.005537665
## Nitrat 1.70394769 4.101063e+01 1.0811861 30.939662647
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 3.26742806 1.170183e-01 17.6407472 1.568762055
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 11.80821156 2.136927e-02 1.5733677 0.775998314
## Merkuri 0.96069093 9.790201e-02 0.3041089 2.216548033
## Seng (Zn) 23.75235765 1.737590e+00 0.2599703 0.054067139
## Flourida 4.49434027 5.230302e+00 5.3588588 0.001391441
## Nitrit (NO2) 0.03292292 1.102953e+00 3.2398415 9.295785825
## Klorin Bebas 24.84785887 1.427240e-01 25.2309352 1.071048168
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.65874132 7.573820e-03 1.0718861 0.376878485
## Minyak dan Lemak 8.35309079 3.308851e+00 10.8581313 0.038424856
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 5.39301030 7.505415e+00 3.5415216 9.545927944
## Fenol 1.22840337 1.055013e+01 13.8812222 9.725734210
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.09868752 1.236539e-01 0.7587672 0.021341015
## Bakteri Koli 1.21740064 8.362122e-02 0.8081742 0.039412705
## Dim.13 Dim.14 Dim.15 Dim.16
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.01906992 1.355547989 1.014367e-01 0.201573334
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 5.25162432 32.602282259 8.917953e-02 6.957964202
## COD (dichromat) 11.79479944 5.485141842 1.230743e-01 3.927837729
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.30141354 5.096847300 8.728905e+00 5.690880589
## Nitrat 0.09116066 1.169496125 4.284505e-01 0.961177883
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 12.84966438 13.319947134 1.848405e-02 0.947971353
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.68867089 9.265968412 1.004315e+00 11.501005459
## Merkuri 0.10288779 0.021320736 1.149877e-05 0.071918991
## Seng (Zn) 0.41855440 3.207522794 2.239227e-01 1.627162848
## Flourida 11.48885149 13.954065510 1.295082e+01 0.004025506
## Nitrit (NO2) 36.64113551 0.510370346 5.733657e-02 13.023334068
## Klorin Bebas 1.05358658 0.003819395 4.284297e-01 0.213647933
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.77277003 1.487763818 6.016949e+01 5.088402756
## Minyak dan Lemak 4.87859213 4.892479576 4.100743e-02 0.680830682
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.04098493 3.914103973 7.854459e+00 33.978046290
## Fenol 2.35422128 1.791268615 1.680969e-01 0.381021105
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 5.72681043 1.002315380 4.091578e+00 7.498815386
## Bakteri Koli 5.31942669 0.877097325 3.520980e+00 7.100545904
## Dim.17 Dim.18 Dim.19 Dim.20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 3.337649e-02 7.437186e-04 1.573330e-30 2.478236e-30
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 1.634221e+01 2.647122e-03 1.060825e-29 8.701710e-30
## COD (dichromat) 3.915308e+01 6.645350e-03 3.724228e-29 3.075795e-29
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 1.227393e+01 9.135555e-03 6.831001e-29 3.077595e-29
## Nitrat 4.735143e-01 2.804059e-04 2.603636e-30 2.474402e-30
## Kadmium (Cd) 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 2.223701e+01 4.442965e+01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 7.359290e+00 1.643188e-03 2.067897e-30 3.283374e-29
## Tembaga (Cu) 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 6.610257e+01 5.640954e-01
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.026726e-01 1.125848e-04 1.429157e-29 8.241599e-31
## Merkuri 2.977425e-02 4.013614e-05 1.166041e+01 5.500625e+01
## Seng (Zn) 2.031096e-01 2.638701e-05 2.015972e-32 1.199981e-30
## Flourida 1.163317e+01 4.274994e-04 1.187400e-28 6.076792e-29
## Nitrit (NO2) 5.512436e-03 2.409354e-04 5.942678e-31 5.258832e-30
## Klorin Bebas 2.348633e-01 1.047091e-03 1.693666e-30 6.743451e-32
## Sulfida (H2S) 2.842230e+00 9.572203e-03 2.768989e-29 6.079712e-30
## Minyak dan Lemak 4.236754e-01 1.160065e-03 1.195284e-29 1.848244e-30
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 5.426505e-02 4.763328e-04 1.040257e-29 1.042039e-29
## Fenol 1.677019e-06 1.534210e-06 1.442417e-31 4.267204e-31
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 4.051655e+00 4.956760e+01 3.263492e-26 8.459164e-26
## Bakteri Koli 4.524121e+00 5.039812e+01 3.678673e-26 8.807090e-26pca2$rotation## PC1 PC2 PC3
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.1185436325 -0.0373247613 -0.03843009
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.0907355157 -0.3863887602 0.25820082
## COD (dichromat) 0.0421285593 -0.3984510526 0.24908613
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.3287310835 0.0368212004 0.10401512
## Nitrat -0.3159113832 -0.0542156381 0.15191797
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.0223042737 -0.3140125465 0.20133308
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.2013949684 -0.3379736263 -0.25856334
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.1748242501 -0.0404634471 -0.08403115
## Merkuri -0.2013949684 0.3379736263 0.25856334
## Seng (Zn) 0.1172319424 -0.1173503448 -0.16743253
## Flourida 0.2423651741 0.0004724869 -0.26924266
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.2033343662 -0.3065136110 0.16664518
## Klorin Bebas -0.0001395868 -0.2786263913 0.27147537
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.3084391910 0.1424308565 0.30378684
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.1803775257 0.0007313675 -0.25918884
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.3569500925 0.1408775427 0.09715453
## Fenol 0.1625476087 0.0204287772 -0.21568227
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.3320974817 0.0934462419 0.29132069
## Bakteri Koli 0.3312265454 0.0932461109 0.29234647
## PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.417808839 0.31818307 -0.08881523 -0.490475435
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.198095573 0.02373455 -0.12455710 0.111523546
## COD (dichromat) 0.242387363 -0.03701197 -0.10471698 -0.043788132
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 0.077696691 0.25005788 0.35884534 0.059880517
## Nitrat -0.248326923 -0.10982652 -0.01626662 -0.008491129
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.313227837 -0.14238103 -0.27885788 -0.291769172
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.207713415 0.03445902 -0.01310054 -0.111142879
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.317998649 -0.36212656 0.27642971 -0.529070800
## Merkuri 0.207713415 -0.03445902 0.01310054 0.111142879
## Seng (Zn) -0.088160716 -0.43098385 0.54009827 0.074675573
## Flourida 0.345119525 0.24858905 0.15250834 0.042463789
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.255157145 -0.00187627 -0.02650286 0.358061964
## Klorin Bebas -0.016668886 0.14300443 0.37913330 0.226547745
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.149770385 -0.11474374 -0.03936062 -0.173858373
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.247426361 0.11153929 -0.29147237 0.095459274
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.007083645 0.06211522 -0.18941803 0.024188044
## Fenol -0.114509522 -0.57682845 -0.31564716 0.282269579
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.144077483 -0.13443665 0.01793512 -0.128636784
## Bakteri Koli -0.145722751 -0.13783373 0.01258550 -0.127507330
## PC8 PC9 PC10 PC11
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.360180622 0.18665536 0.130257279 0.23836310
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.095891119 0.18244407 -0.001374004 -0.21681108
## COD (dichromat) 0.039536468 0.14964274 0.079020952 -0.17276342
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.192577147 0.04578483 0.514228958 -0.06449363
## Nitrat 0.146702722 0.13053535 0.640395434 -0.10398010
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) -0.090438202 0.18076028 0.034207936 0.42000890
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.129551317 -0.09801484 -0.031289297 -0.05514607
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 0.052277705 -0.34363078 0.014618233 -0.12543396
## Merkuri 0.129551317 0.09801484 0.031289297 0.05514607
## Seng (Zn) 0.372568244 0.48736391 -0.131817680 -0.05098728
## Flourida -0.107883167 0.21199859 0.228698532 0.23149209
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.061807224 -0.01814467 -0.105021579 -0.17999560
## Klorin Bebas 0.317166793 -0.49847627 -0.037778834 0.50230404
## Sulfida (H2S) 0.008117503 -0.08116288 -0.008702770 -0.10353193
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.630708089 -0.28901714 0.181902487 -0.32951679
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.290940397 0.23222856 -0.273960126 0.18818931
## Fenol -0.026235934 -0.11083336 0.324809677 0.37257512
## Bakteri Koli Tinja -0.031597717 -0.10481830 0.035164463 -0.08710725
## Bakteri Koli -0.024268336 -0.11033588 0.028917333 -0.08989851
## PC12 PC13 PC14 PC15
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -0.450939793 0.01380939 -0.116428003 -0.0318491327
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) -0.078083561 0.22916423 -0.570984083 0.0298629426
## COD (dichromat) -0.198645652 0.34343558 0.234203797 -0.0350819515
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.223730589 0.05490114 0.225761983 -0.2954472060
## Nitrat 0.556234327 -0.03019282 -0.108143244 0.0654561324
## Kadmium (Cd) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.125250232 -0.35846429 0.364965028 -0.0135956047
## Tembaga (Cu) 0.148880759 0.03207613 0.014601622 0.0003390983
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.088090767 -0.08298620 -0.304400532 -0.1002155304
## Merkuri -0.148880759 -0.03207613 -0.014601622 -0.0003390983
## Seng (Zn) -0.023252342 -0.06469578 0.179095583 0.0473204726
## Flourida 0.003730202 -0.33895208 -0.373551409 0.3598724705
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.304889912 -0.60531922 -0.071440209 0.0239450549
## Klorin Bebas 0.103491457 0.10264437 -0.006180125 0.0654545399
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.061390430 0.08790734 0.121973924 0.7756899527
## Minyak dan Lemak -0.019602259 -0.22087535 0.221189502 0.0202502903
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 0.308964851 0.02024474 -0.197840946 -0.2802580735
## Fenol -0.311861094 0.15343472 -0.133838284 -0.0409996216
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.014608564 -0.23930755 -0.100115702 -0.2022764855
## Bakteri Koli 0.019852633 -0.23063882 -0.093653474 -0.1876427572
## PC16 PC17 PC18
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) 0.044896919 0.0182692344 0.0027271205
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 0.263779533 -0.4042549689 0.0051450189
## COD (dichromat) -0.198187732 0.6257242231 -0.0081519019
## Total Phosphat (PO4) -0.238555666 -0.3503416869 0.0095580098
## Nitrat -0.098039680 0.0688123761 -0.0016745324
## Kadmium (Cd) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 0.097363820 -0.2712801129 0.0040536262
## Tembaga (Cu) -0.026817716 -0.0172552160 -0.0006335309
## Timah Hitam (Pb) -0.339131324 -0.0550156874 0.0010610600
## Merkuri 0.026817716 0.0172552160 0.0006335309
## Seng (Zn) 0.127560294 -0.0450676792 0.0005136829
## Flourida 0.006344688 0.3410743684 0.0020676058
## Nitrit (NO2) -0.360878568 -0.0074245784 0.0015522095
## Klorin Bebas 0.046222065 0.0484626956 -0.0032358784
## Sulfida (H2S) -0.225574882 -0.1685891517 -0.0097837634
## Minyak dan Lemak 0.082512465 -0.0650903519 -0.0034059724
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen -0.582906908 -0.0232948596 -0.0021825050
## Fenol -0.061726907 0.0001294998 0.0001238632
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 0.273839650 0.2012872341 -0.7040426400
## Bakteri Koli 0.266468495 0.2126998040 0.7099163030
## PC19 PC20
## Zat padat tersuspensi (TSS) -1.254325e-16 -1.574242e-16
## BOD (20°C. 5 hari) 3.257032e-16 -2.949866e-16
## COD (dichromat) -6.102645e-16 -5.545985e-16
## Total Phosphat (PO4) 8.264987e-16 5.547607e-16
## Nitrat -1.613579e-16 -1.573023e-16
## Kadmium (Cd) 4.715614e-01 -6.665557e-01
## Crom Hexavalen (Cr6+) 1.438018e-16 5.730073e-16
## Tembaga (Cu) -8.130349e-01 -7.510629e-02
## Timah Hitam (Pb) 3.780419e-16 -9.078325e-17
## Merkuri -3.414735e-01 -7.416620e-01
## Seng (Zn) -1.419849e-17 1.095437e-16
## Flourida -1.089679e-15 -7.795378e-16
## Nitrit (NO2) 7.708877e-17 2.293214e-16
## Klorin Bebas -1.301409e-16 -2.596816e-17
## Sulfida (H2S) 5.262118e-16 2.465707e-16
## Minyak dan Lemak 3.457288e-16 1.359501e-16
## Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen 3.225301e-16 3.228062e-16
## Fenol -3.797917e-17 6.532384e-17
## Bakteri Koli Tinja 1.806514e-14 2.908464e-14
## Bakteri Koli -1.917987e-14 -2.967674e-14Berdasarkan proses rotasi, maka Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen, Bakteri Koli Tinja, dan Bakteri Koli merupakan komponen yang paling berperan besar dalam mendeskripsikan indikator kualitas air sungai di Jakarta.
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
- Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dibuat, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut.
Dari perhitungan analisis PCA, dapat terlihat bahwa ada lima komponen baru yang mampu menggambarkan kualitas air sungai di Jakarta secara keseluruhan, dengan variansi total 79.84%.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis komponen utama, parameter yang paling berperan besar dalam kualitas air sungai di Jakarta adalah Senyawa Aktif Biru Metilen, Bakteri Koli Tinja, dan Bakteri Koli.
- Saran
PCA digunakan untuk mereduksi dan menginterpretasi variabel-variabel yang menjadi faktor yang bisa mendeskripsikan kualitas air sungai di Jakarta. Maka, perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan dataset yang berukuran lebih besar. Melakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan metode PCA sebagai pre-processing dan dilanjutkan dengan metode yang lain, seperti K-Nearest Neighbor, sehingga didapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat.
Pemerintah, khususnya Pemprov DKI Jakarta seharusnya membuat peraturan tegas untuk menjaga kualitas air sungai di Jakarta. Misalnya, denda maksimal kepada para pembuang sampah dan pada usaha yang tidak mengolah limbah dan langsung membuang ke sungai. Masyarakat Jakarta seharusnya berperan aktif dalam menjaga kualitas air sungai di Jakarta.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Astutik, Suci, dkk. 2017. Analisis Multivariat : Teori dan Aplikasinya dengan SAS. Malang : UB Press.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2023. Jakarta Dalam Angka. Jakarta : Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
cran.r-project.org, 18 November 2021, An Introduction to corrplot package, 24 Oktober 2023, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/corrplot/vignettes/corrplot-intro.html
Enzellina, G dan Suhaedi, D. 2022. “Penggunaan Metode Principal Component Analysis dalam Menentukan Faktor Dominan”. Jurnal Riset Matematika, Vol.2, No.2, hlm. 101-110.
factominer.free.fr, About FactoMineR, 24 Oktober 2023, http://factominer.free.fr/index.html
Kamalia, D dan Sudarti. 2022. “Analisis Pencemaran Air Sungai Akibat Dampak Limbah Industri Batu Alam di Kecamatan Depok, Kabupaten Cirebon”. Jurnal Environment Science, Vol.6, No.1, hlm. 1-13.
Muttaqin, M.Z. 2017. “Aplikasi Penggunaan Statistik Faktor Sebagai Alat Bantu Penentuan Karakteristik Kualitas Air (Studi Kasus : Sungai Code Yogyakarta)”. Seminar Nasional “Mitigasi dan Strategi Adaptasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia”. Universitas Islam Riau.
Rahman, Triarjunet, R, dan Dewata, I. 2020. “Analisis Indeks Pencemaran Air Sungai Omblin Dilihat dari Kandungan Kimia Organik”. Jurnal Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Lingkungan, Vol.1, No.3, hlm. 52-58.
rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com, 16 Mei 2020, Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) Pada Data Indikator Kesehatan di Pulau Jawa Tahun 2017, 25 Oktober 2023, https://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/615379_c5fc3ca143ce4b0b9caa2f2873182fbd.html
sthda.com, Factoextra R Package : Easy Multivariate Data Analyses and Elegant Visualization, 24 Oktober 2023, http://www.sthda.com/english/wiki/factoextra-r-package-easy-multivariate-data-analyses-and-elegant-visualization
Van Delsen, M.S.N, Wattimena, A.Z, dan Saputri, S.D. 2017. “Penggunaan Metode Analisis Komponen Utama untuk Mereduksi Faktor-Faktor Inflasi di Kota Ambon”. Barekeng : Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan, Vol. 11, No.2, hlm. 109-118.