Análisis Estadístico de Datos
Carlos Santa Maria
2023-11-02
EIA data
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) es una organización que se encarga de recopilar, analizar y difundir información energética de manera independiente e imparcial para promover la formulación de políticas sólidas, mercados eficientes y la comprensión pública de la energía y su interacción con la economía y el medio ambiente.
Los datos que trabajaremos a continuación corresponden a la extracción de diferentes variables relacionadas con energías renovables y combustibles fósiles, las UE son 111 países de todos los continentes del mundo, seleccionados para fines académicos por ser aquellos países que presentan mayor cantidad de información de análisis.
Adicionalmente, se han incluido variables relacionadas al Producto interno Bruto de cada país para el año 2014 (GDP_USD y GDP_per_capita), así como la población de cada país a final de ese año.
El objetivo de este análisis es encontrar estructuras de correlación de tipo lineal entre variables de combustibles fósiles y energías renovables con el PIB de cada país, entendiendo que nuestras variables explicativas solamente son una parte del total del PIB.
Datos <- read.csv2("datos_taller_03.csv")
Datos<-as.data.frame(Datos)
columnas_a_convertir <- names(Datos)[-1]
Datos[columnas_a_convertir] <- lapply(Datos[columnas_a_convertir], as.numeric)
# Filtrar el dataframe Datos para excluir los países específicos
paises_excluidos <- c("UnitedStates", "China", "SaudiArabia", "Russia")
Datos_filtrados <- Datos[!Datos$Country %in% paises_excluidos, ]
str(Datos)## 'data.frame': 108 obs. of 61 variables:
## $ Country : chr "Albania" "Algeria" "Angola" "Argentina" ...
## $ GDP_USD : num 1.32e+10 2.14e+11 1.37e+11 5.26e+11 1.47e+12 ...
## $ Population : num 2889104 38923688 26941773 42669500 23475686 ...
## $ GDP_per_capita : num 4579 5493 5094 12335 62512 ...
## $ Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD : num 0.6 14 12 48 14 0 9.1 9.9 8.8 2.4 ...
## $ Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD : num 0 3.8 6.8 26 13 0 0 1.5 1.8 0 ...
## $ Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD : num 19 581 1632 49 224 ...
## $ Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD : num 0.9 6.4 0 9.5 441 152 0 211 27 450 ...
## $ Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD : num 21 1420 1742 532 353 ...
## $ Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB : num 0.2 12 9.1 2.8 1.4 0 7 0.1 0 0.2 ...
## $ Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD : num 16 205 83 232 433 152 27 6 66 64 ...
## $ Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD : num 1.8 184 11 173 213 81 60 81 7.4 169 ...
## $ Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD : num 0.2 12 10 33 139 14 11 9 7 2.9 ...
## $ Jet_fuel_production_TBPD : num 0 43 8.5 29 82 13 15 63 0 7.3 ...
## $ Kerosene_consumption_TBPD : num 0 0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 1 6.1 0 ...
## $ Kerosene_production_TBPD : num 0 0 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.4 0 0.5 4.9 0.3 ...
## $ Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD : num 3.9 63 7.2 56 61 3.4 5 2 0.6 6 ...
## $ Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD : num 0 26 1 39 16 2.2 6 1.9 0.4 19 ...
## $ Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD : num 2.8 97 25 122 320 38 32 17 3.9 27 ...
## $ Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD : num 0 70 0.6 123 241 43 29 18 1.4 92 ...
## $ Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD : num 0 300 15 104 58 1 1 11 0.2 0 ...
## $ Other_liquids_production_TBPD : num 0 0 0 65 7 8.9 0 0 0 0.6 ...
## $ Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD : num 5.4 35 9.8 221 148 41 22 21 2.9 54 ...
## $ Other_refined_products_production_TBPD : num 4.7 213 6.7 204 42 39 26 69 5.8 57 ...
## $ Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD : num 3.7 53 21 101 150 35 13 8.1 17 21 ...
## $ Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD : num 28 416 159 764 1126 ...
## $ Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD : num 21 1722 1756 713 442 ...
## $ Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD : num 28 416 159 764 1126 ...
## $ Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD : num 6.6 658 47 661 607 196 142 272 26 457 ...
## $ Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD : num 0 1.8 -0.7 12 23 3.7 5 2.9 0 2.1 ...
## $ Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD : num 0.1 4 23 99 23 9.4 2.2 2 24 15 ...
## $ Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD : num 0.1 120 17 93 12 17 5.6 39 5.8 113 ...
## $ Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0.2 0.8 2.1 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 1 3.5 5.1 0.2 0 0 0.2 ...
## $ Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH : num 2.8 11 1.1 18 12 3.4 3.4 1.1 6.8 3.2 ...
## $ Electricity_exports_BKWH : num 0.2 0.9 0 0.2 0 17 0.5 0.2 0 4.5 ...
## $ Electricity_imports_BKWH : num 3.3 0.7 0 10 0 27 0.1 0.2 2.3 7.8 ...
## $ Electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 1.8 16 1.8 38 68 24 7.4 7 9.4 10 ...
## $ Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH : num 5 49 8.1 123 229 64 20 25 48 33 ...
## $ Electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 4.7 60 9.2 131 242 58 23 26 53 33 ...
## $ Electricity_net_imports_BKWH : num 3.1 -0.2 0 9.9 0 9.3 -0.4 0 2.3 3.3 ...
## $ Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0.1 16 0.8 25 50 5.8 6.3 7 9.1 10 ...
## $ Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 60 4.2 92 205 11 22 26 52 32 ...
## $ Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK: num 0 0 0 1 2.6 5.2 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 -0.2 0 -1.7 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 1.7 0.3 1 10 5.7 8.3 1.1 0 0.2 0 ...
## $ Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 4.7 0.3 5 32 18 39 1.3 0 0.6 0.1 ...
## $ Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0.5 9.9 5 0 0 0.1 0 ...
## $ Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 1.6 18 9.5 0.2 0 0.2 0.2 ...
## $ Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 5.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 1.7 0.3 1 11 16 13 1.1 0 0.4 0 ...
## $ Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 4.7 0.3 5 34 36 49 1.5 0 0.8 0.3 ...
## $ Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0 5.3 0.8 0 0 0.1 0 ...
## $ Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 0 4 0.7 0 0 0.2 0 ...
## $ Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK : num 0 0 0 0.2 3.8 2.1 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH : num 0 0 0 0.6 10 3.7 0 0 0 0 ...Pregunta 1. \(w_1 = 10\)
Para tratar de explicar el total de PIB (GDP_USD) a través de las
variables en la base, ajuste un modelo de regresión con todas las
variables explicativas e interprete la salida del mismo con la ayuda de
la función summary().
variables_explicativas <- setdiff(names(Datos_filtrados), c("Country", "GDP_per_capita"))
modelo <- lm(GDP_USD ~ ., data = Datos_filtrados[, variables_explicativas])
summary(modelo)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = GDP_USD ~ ., data = Datos_filtrados[, variables_explicativas])
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.704e+11 -3.084e+10 -1.200e+09 3.878e+10 1.787e+11
##
## Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 1.875e+10
## Population 1.076e+03
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD -4.536e+09
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 6.222e+09
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD -1.257e+08
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD -4.988e+07
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 6.969e+10
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB -1.295e+08
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -3.916e+10
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 6.524e+09
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -3.027e+10
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 5.883e+09
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -3.482e+10
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 8.235e+09
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -3.761e+10
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 8.580e+09
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -3.805e+10
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 7.204e+09
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 6.932e+10
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 7.049e+10
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -3.933e+10
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 8.512e+09
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD -8.337e+09
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 3.961e+10
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -6.959e+10
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD -8.090e+09
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 8.067e+10
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -3.933e+10
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1.187e+10
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.797e+11
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.025e+11
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 1.036e+11
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -1.001e+11
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.015e+11
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.338e+10
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 1.156e+11
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.006e+11
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -2.140e+11
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -4.334e+10
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.476e+10
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.741e+11
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.602e+11
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.462e+10
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.181e+11
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -4.274e+11
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.570e+10
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.926e+11
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.873e+11
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -4.569e+10
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.867e+10
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.364e+11
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.914e+10
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.221e+11
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.630e+10
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -7.864e+12
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.243e+12
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.660e+11
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.075e+11
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 1.830e+10
## Population 5.260e+02
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.898e+09
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.486e+09
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 2.310e+08
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 2.548e+08
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 3.805e+10
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 6.927e+08
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.323e+10
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 2.135e+10
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 2.328e+10
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 2.149e+10
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 2.351e+10
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 2.131e+10
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 2.307e+10
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 2.152e+10
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 2.326e+10
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 2.174e+10
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 3.817e+10
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 3.823e+10
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 2.318e+10
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 2.177e+10
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 9.060e+09
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 2.295e+10
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 3.808e+10
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 2.142e+10
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 4.522e+10
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.336e+10
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 2.118e+10
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.370e+11
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.548e+11
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 4.339e+10
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 1.411e+11
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.396e+11
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 6.344e+10
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 4.229e+10
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 4.542e+10
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 1.535e+11
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 6.363e+10
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.939e+10
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.256e+11
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.391e+11
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 7.041e+10
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.080e+11
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.706e+11
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 6.834e+10
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.292e+11
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.634e+11
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.299e+11
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 4.158e+10
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.563e+11
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 6.454e+10
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.377e+11
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.510e+11
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.171e+12
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 7.032e+11
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.760e+11
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.706e+11
## t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 1.025 0.310749
## Population 2.045 0.046570
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD -2.390 0.021002
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.503 0.015928
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD -0.544 0.589069
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD -0.196 0.845657
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 1.831 0.073523
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB -0.187 0.852513
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.686 0.098652
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 0.306 0.761344
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -1.300 0.200049
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 0.274 0.785477
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -1.481 0.145441
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 0.387 0.700899
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -1.630 0.109841
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 0.399 0.691977
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -1.636 0.108668
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 0.331 0.741845
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 1.816 0.075916
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 1.844 0.071660
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -1.697 0.096518
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 0.391 0.697548
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD -0.920 0.362246
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 1.726 0.091024
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -1.827 0.074140
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD -0.378 0.707344
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 1.784 0.081010
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.684 0.098985
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 0.561 0.577786
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.758 0.452208
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.308 0.197426
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 2.387 0.021144
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -0.709 0.481936
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 0.727 0.470770
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.841 0.404425
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 2.734 0.008853
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH -2.216 0.031701
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -1.394 0.169909
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.681 0.499223
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.375 0.709510
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.456 0.152167
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.152 0.255411
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.776 0.441855
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.094 0.279810
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.506 0.015817
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.230 0.819318
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.586 0.012946
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.146 0.257656
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.352 0.726551
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.449 0.655487
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.152 0.036696
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.297 0.768157
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.776 0.082367
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.174 0.862480
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.622 0.000727
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 4.612 3.19e-05
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.688 0.098103
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.630 0.531750
##
## (Intercept)
## Population *
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD *
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD *
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD .
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD .
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD
## Kerosene_production_TBPD
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD .
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD .
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD .
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD .
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD .
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD .
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD .
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH *
## Electricity_exports_BKWH
## Electricity_imports_BKWH
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH **
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH *
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK .
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK ***
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH ***
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK .
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 8.101e+10 on 46 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9957, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9903
## F-statistic: 184.9 on 57 and 46 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16El modelo resulta bastante ajustado, con un R-cuadrado ajustado de 0.9903, lo que sugiere que alrededor del 99.03% de la variabilidad en el PIB se explica por las variables independientes incluidas en el modelo. El p-valor general del modelo es muy bajo (p-valor: < 2.2e-16), lo que sugiere que al menos una de las variables explicativas está relacionada con el PIB.
Podemos interpretar lo siguiente a partir del primer resultado del modelo:
Population: Tiene una significancia moderada (p-valor: 0.046570). Un aumento en la población podría estar relacionado positivamente con el PIB.
Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD: Significancia moderada (p-valor: 0.021002). Una disminución en el consumo de combustible bunker podría tener una relación negativa con el PIB.
Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK El coeficiente de -7.864e+12 indicaría que, manteniendo todas las demás variables constantes, un aumento de 1 unidad en la capacidad instalada de generación de electricidad a partir de las mareas y las olas, se asocia con una disminución estimada de $7.864 billones en el PIB. Esto sugiere que un aumento significativo en la capacidad instalada de generación de energía de mareas y olas está relacionado con una disminución en el PIB.
Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH: El coeficiente de 3.243e+12 indicaría que un aumento de 1 unidad en la generación neta de electricidad a partir de mareas y olas (medido en miles de millones de kilovatios-hora, BKWH) se asocia con un aumento estimado de $3.243 billones en el PIB. Esto sugiere que un incremento en la generación neta de electricidad a partir de estas fuentes renovables está relacionado con un aumento en el PIB.
Pregunta 2. \(w_2 = 10\)
Analice el ANOVA del modelo para determinar si el modelo en conjunto, con todas sus variables, logran explicar en general el PIB.
anova_result <- anova(modelo)
anova_result## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Response: GDP_USD
## Df Sum Sq
## Population 1 7.7154e+24
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1 8.1068e+23
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1 1.5581e+24
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 1 6.9557e+23
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 1 2.8276e+25
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 1 2.7019e+24
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 1 9.7554e+23
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1 1.1875e+25
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1 3.0579e+23
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1 2.9596e+24
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 1 2.1703e+23
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 1 1.1309e+24
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 1 3.3080e+23
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 1 3.5384e+21
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 1 1.0121e+19
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 1 3.2555e+23
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 1 1.7973e+22
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 1 1.2976e+22
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 1 5.0813e+23
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 1 1.6835e+22
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 1 2.0900e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 1 4.5215e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 1 1.0625e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 1 1.3979e+22
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 1 7.7130e+21
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 1 6.6219e+20
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1 2.5385e+22
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1 8.2094e+22
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 9.2315e+23
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 1.5778e+24
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 1 7.2743e+23
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 1 3.4720e+23
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1 3.6419e+23
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 5.6883e+23
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 1 2.0565e+23
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 5.7738e+22
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 1 2.8380e+22
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 4.8015e+21
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 1.2214e+24
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 1.5019e+22
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 1.2081e+21
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 9.6896e+21
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 2.2030e+23
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 4.7742e+23
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 2.6971e+23
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 1.0377e+22
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 2.8347e+23
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 1.3066e+22
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 5.9070e+20
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 1.9505e+22
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 1.1653e+22
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 1.3705e+23
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 5.8051e+21
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 4.5992e+22
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 2.2830e+23
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1 3.4794e+22
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1 2.6053e+21
## Residuals 46 3.0186e+23
## Mean Sq
## Population 7.7154e+24
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 8.1068e+23
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1.5581e+24
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 6.9557e+23
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 2.8276e+25
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 2.7019e+24
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 9.7554e+23
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1.1875e+25
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 3.0579e+23
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 2.9596e+24
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 2.1703e+23
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 1.1309e+24
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 3.3080e+23
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 3.5384e+21
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 1.0121e+19
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 3.2555e+23
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 1.7973e+22
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 1.2976e+22
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 5.0813e+23
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 1.6835e+22
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 2.0900e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 4.5215e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 1.0625e+23
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 1.3979e+22
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 7.7130e+21
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 6.6219e+20
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.5385e+22
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 8.2094e+22
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 9.2315e+23
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.5778e+24
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 7.2743e+23
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 3.4720e+23
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 3.6419e+23
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.6883e+23
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 2.0565e+23
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.7738e+22
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 2.8380e+22
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.8015e+21
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.2214e+24
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.5019e+22
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.2081e+21
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 9.6896e+21
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.2030e+23
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.7742e+23
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.6971e+23
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.0377e+22
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.8347e+23
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.3066e+22
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.9070e+20
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.9505e+22
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.1653e+22
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.3705e+23
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.8051e+21
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.5992e+22
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.2830e+23
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.4794e+22
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.6053e+21
## Residuals 6.5622e+21
## F value
## Population 1175.7236
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 123.5375
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 237.4408
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 105.9966
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 4308.9654
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 411.7319
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 148.6593
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1809.6383
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 46.5985
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 451.0066
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 33.0729
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 172.3388
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 50.4089
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 0.5392
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 0.0015
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 49.6093
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 2.7389
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 1.9774
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 77.4330
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 2.5654
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 31.8483
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 68.9024
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 16.1917
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 2.1302
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 1.1754
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 0.1009
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 3.8683
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 12.5101
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 140.6760
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 240.4318
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 110.8503
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 52.9086
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 55.4981
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 86.6826
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 31.3377
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 8.7985
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 4.3247
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.7317
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 186.1296
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.2887
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.1841
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.4766
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 33.5703
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 72.7522
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 41.1006
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.5813
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 43.1977
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.9912
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.0900
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.9723
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.7758
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 20.8840
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.8846
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 7.0087
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 34.7901
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.3021
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.3970
## Residuals
## Pr(>F)
## Population < 2.2e-16 ***
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.270e-14 ***
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 1.599e-13 ***
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 5.177e-16 ***
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1.661e-08 ***
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 6.831e-07 ***
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD < 2.2e-16 ***
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 6.454e-09 ***
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 0.4664860
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 0.9688436
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 7.845e-09 ***
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 0.1047393
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 0.1663794
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 2.017e-11 ***
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 0.1160688
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 9.880e-07 ***
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 1.070e-10 ***
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 0.0002114 ***
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 0.1512192
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 0.2839521
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 0.7521788
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 0.0552547 .
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 0.0009368 ***
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.365e-15 ***
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH < 2.2e-16 ***
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 7.712e-14 ***
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 3.544e-09 ***
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.936e-09 ***
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.755e-12 ***
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 1.154e-06 ***
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.0047684 **
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 0.0431632 *
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.3967694
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH < 2.2e-16 ***
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.1371588
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.6698746
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.2305123
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.890e-07 ***
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.963e-11 ***
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 6.992e-08 ***
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.2149199
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.997e-08 ***
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.1649478
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.7655090
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.0914142 .
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.1892290
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.663e-05 ***
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.3518498
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.0110718 *
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 4.112e-07 ***
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 0.0258740 *
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.5317497
## Residuals
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Los valores significativos en la tabla ANOVA se pueden interpretar a partir del valor p (Pr(>F)). Las variables con valores de p bajos son las más relevantes para explicar las variaciones en el PIB. Las variables con valores de p altos podrían no ser relevantes para predecir el PIB y podrían ser consideradas para ser eliminadas del modelo.
Variables significativas: Population, Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD, Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD y Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD entre otras, muestran valores de p muy bajos (<<0.05), lo que sugiere una fuerte relación con el PIB.
Variables menos significativas: Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD, Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD, Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK y Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH tienen valores de p altos (>0.05), lo que sugiere que podrían no estar contribuyendo significativamente al modelo.
Pregunta 3. \(w_3 = 10\)
A través de los gráficos asociados al modelo, realice un diagnóstico del mismo verificando los supuestos del modelo de regresión lineal. ¿Cumple el modelo todos los supuestos?
# Gráfico de dispersión de residuos vs valores ajustados para verificar homocedasticidad
plot(modelo, which = 1)
# Gráfico Q-Q de los residuos para verificar normalidad
plot(modelo, which = 2)
# Gráfico de dispersión de residuos vs variables explicativas para verificar linealidad
plot(modelo, which = 3)
Se evidencia ausencia de homocedasticidad, hay una mayor dispersión en el extremo izquierdo del gráfico. De igual forma, no existe normalidad en los residuos por que existen puntos muy alejados a la diagonalen los extremos. Finalmente, no hay linealidad entre los residuos y las variables explicativas.Es decir, no se cumplen todos los supuestos del modelo.
Pregunta 4. \(w_4 = 10\)
Estime ahora un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, pero esta vez
realice una transformación de logaritmo sobre la variable de respuesta
log(GDP_USD). ¿Qué pasa ahora con el modelo cuando
realizamos esta transformación? ¿Cambió el cumplimiento de los supuestos
del modelo con respecto al estimado en los pasos anteriores? ¿Con cuál
modelo se quedaría?
# Aplicar la transformación logarítmica a la variable de respuesta
Datos_filtrados$log_GDP_USD <- log(Datos_filtrados$GDP_USD)
# Estimar el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con la variable transformada
modelo_log <- lm(Datos_filtrados$log_GDP_USD~ ., data = Datos_filtrados[, variables_explicativas])
summary(modelo_log)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Datos_filtrados$log_GDP_USD ~ ., data = Datos_filtrados[,
## variables_explicativas])
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.51594 -0.26504 -0.01037 0.22497 1.74785
##
## Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 2.391e+01
## GDP_USD 3.040e-12
## Population 7.974e-09
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 3.322e-02
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -3.492e-02
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD -1.516e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 2.139e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 1.845e-01
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 1.012e-02
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.769e-01
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD -7.038e-03
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -1.898e-01
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD -2.508e-02
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -2.060e-01
## Kerosene_production_TBPD -3.281e-02
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -1.698e-01
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD -1.801e-02
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -1.835e-01
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD -2.708e-02
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 1.773e-01
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 1.776e-01
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -1.747e-01
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 2.866e-03
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 1.271e-01
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 1.598e-01
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -1.824e-01
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 4.619e-03
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 4.100e-01
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.822e-01
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1.296e-02
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.029e+00
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.187e-01
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 9.617e-03
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -1.824e+00
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.842e+00
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 6.223e-01
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 9.323e-02
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.169e-01
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -1.949e+00
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.563e-01
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -4.085e-01
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.878e+00
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.917e-01
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -9.076e-01
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.959e+00
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.433e-01
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH -4.069e-01
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.378e+00
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -5.921e-01
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.234e+00
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.760e-01
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -6.417e-02
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 6.458e-03
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.911e+00
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.067e-01
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.104e+01
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.746e+00
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.261e+00
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.131e+00
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 1.538e-01
## GDP_USD 1.226e-12
## Population 4.567e-09
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.673e-02
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.203e-02
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD 1.927e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 2.119e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 3.277e-01
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 5.761e-03
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1.990e-01
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1.777e-01
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.971e-01
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 1.788e-01
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 2.001e-01
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 1.774e-01
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 1.972e-01
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD 1.792e-01
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 1.989e-01
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 1.809e-01
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 3.285e-01
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 3.294e-01
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 1.986e-01
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 1.812e-01
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 7.600e-02
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 1.968e-01
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 3.279e-01
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 1.783e-01
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 3.887e-01
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 2.001e-01
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 1.767e-01
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.982e+00
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.311e+00
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 3.824e-01
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 1.180e+00
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.167e+00
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.314e-01
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 3.791e-01
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.972e-01
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 1.302e+00
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.316e-01
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.279e-01
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.769e+00
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.173e+00
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.891e-01
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 9.096e-01
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.512e+00
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.684e-01
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.039e+00
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.378e+00
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.081e+00
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 3.464e-01
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.363e+00
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 5.370e-01
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.042e+00
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.256e+00
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.046e+01
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 7.069e+00
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.364e+00
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.425e+00
## t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 155.434 <2e-16
## GDP_USD 2.481 0.0169
## Population 1.746 0.0876
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.986 0.0531
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.586 0.1198
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD -0.787 0.4356
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 1.010 0.3180
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 0.563 0.5761
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 1.757 0.0857
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -0.889 0.3788
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD -0.040 0.9686
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -0.963 0.3408
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD -0.140 0.8891
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -1.030 0.3087
## Kerosene_production_TBPD -0.185 0.8541
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -0.861 0.3939
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD -0.100 0.9204
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -0.923 0.3611
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD -0.150 0.8817
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD 0.540 0.5921
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD 0.539 0.5923
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -0.879 0.3838
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD 0.016 0.9875
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 1.672 0.1015
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD 0.812 0.4212
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -0.556 0.5808
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD NA NA
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 0.026 0.9794
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 1.055 0.2972
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -0.911 0.3674
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 0.073 0.9419
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.528 0.1335
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.167 0.8682
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH 0.025 0.9800
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -1.546 0.1290
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 1.578 0.1215
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.171 0.2478
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 0.246 0.8068
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.798 0.4291
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -1.497 0.1415
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.046 0.3010
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.246 0.2193
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.040 0.3041
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.163 0.8709
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.541 0.1304
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -2.154 0.0367
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.359 0.7210
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.716 0.4778
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.166 0.2496
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.430 0.6694
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.067 0.0445
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -0.508 0.6139
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.047 0.9627
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.012 0.9905
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.425 0.1609
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.244 0.8081
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -0.540 0.5921
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.247 0.8061
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.225 0.0311
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 0.794 0.4314
##
## (Intercept) ***
## GDP_USD *
## Population .
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD .
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_exports_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB .
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD
## Kerosene_production_TBPD
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._production_TBPD
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD
## Natural_gas_plant_liquids_production_TBPD
## Other_liquids_production_TBPD
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD
## Other_refined_products_production_TBPD
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_consumption_TBPD
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD
## Refined_petroleum_products_consumption_TBPD
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD
## Residual_fuel_oil_production_TBPD
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Electricity_distribution_losses_BKWH
## Electricity_exports_BKWH
## Electricity_imports_BKWH
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Geothermal_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH *
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Nuclear_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Solar_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6734 on 45 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9135, Adjusted R-squared: 0.802
## F-statistic: 8.194 on 58 and 45 DF, p-value: 1.433e-11# Gráfico de dispersión de residuos vs valores ajustados para verificar homocedasticidad
plot(modelo_log, which = 1)
# Gráfico Q-Q de los residuos para verificar normalidad
plot(modelo_log, which = 2)
En este caso el modelo si cumple 2 de los supuestos, en cuanto a normalidad en los residuales y la linealidad en la dispersion de residuos vs variables. Puesto no se observa de tendencia o estructura a lo largo de los valores de las variables explicativas vs residuales. Por otro lado, los residuos no se distancian de la diagonal. Sin embargo, no se evidencia homocedasticidad o varianza constante, hay una mayor dispersión en el extremo izquierdo.
Pregunta 5. \(w_5 = 10\)
Existen algoritmos de selección de variables como por ejemplo las
funciones en R stepAIC() o stepwise(). Ejecute
un procedimiento de selección de variables y verifique ahora las
propiedades del modelo parsimonioso.
“both”: Implica que stepAIC() evaluará tanto la adición como la eliminación de variables en el proceso de selección de variables, considerando qué variables mejorarán el modelo al ser agregadas y cuáles podrían perjudicar al ser eliminadas.
summary(modelo_seleccionado)##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Datos_filtrados$log_GDP_USD ~ GDP_USD + Population +
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD + Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD +
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD + Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD +
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB + Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD +
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD + Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD +
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD + Kerosene_consumption_TBPD + Kerosene_production_TBPD +
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD + Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD +
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD + Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD +
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD + Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD +
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD + Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD +
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD + Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Electricity_exports_BKWH + Electricity_imports_BKWH + Electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH + Electricity_net_generation_BKWH +
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH + Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH + Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH +
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK + Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH +
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK + Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH +
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK + Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK + Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK +
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH, data = Datos_filtrados[,
## variables_explicativas])
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -1.56939 -0.21027 -0.01185 0.21365 1.77946
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate
## (Intercept) 2.391e+01
## GDP_USD 3.428e-12
## Population 9.420e-09
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 3.639e-02
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -3.983e-02
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 1.580e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 4.465e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 9.989e-03
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -1.988e-02
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD -9.477e-03
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -4.476e-02
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD -1.824e-02
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -5.417e-02
## Kerosene_production_TBPD -3.007e-02
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -1.436e-02
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -2.542e-02
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD -1.945e-02
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -1.367e-02
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 1.504e-01
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -3.699e-03
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 7.749e-03
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 1.039e-01
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -2.571e-02
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.252e+00
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -2.024e+00
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 2.022e+00
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 5.946e-01
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 6.986e-02
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.808e-01
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -2.117e+00
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.383e-01
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -2.543e-01
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.326e+00
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -8.444e-01
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.911e+00
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.332e-01
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH -2.567e-01
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 2.442e+00
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.777e-01
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.301e+00
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.876e+00
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -8.814e+00
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -5.703e+00
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.035e+00
## Std. Error
## (Intercept) 1.242e-01
## GDP_USD 6.673e-13
## Population 3.094e-09
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.022e-02
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 1.296e-02
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 1.129e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 1.674e-03
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 4.407e-03
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 7.215e-03
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD 7.329e-03
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD 1.369e-02
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD 1.225e-02
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD 1.311e-02
## Kerosene_production_TBPD 9.565e-03
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD 5.218e-03
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD 6.970e-03
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD 7.840e-03
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD 4.290e-03
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 4.788e-02
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD 1.585e-03
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 3.653e-03
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 5.595e-02
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD 9.741e-03
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.372e+00
## Electricity_exports_BKWH 7.960e-01
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 7.888e-01
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.859e-01
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 2.590e-02
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 9.017e-02
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH 7.872e-01
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.879e-01
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 8.586e-02
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.595e+00
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.233e-01
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 6.087e-01
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK 3.835e-01
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH 8.502e-02
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.417e+00
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 1.304e-01
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 7.661e-01
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.351e+00
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 4.860e+00
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.675e+00
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.193e-01
## t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 192.511 < 2e-16
## GDP_USD 5.136 3.20e-06
## Population 3.045 0.003453
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD 3.561 0.000731
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -3.072 0.003192
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD 1.399 0.167108
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD 2.667 0.009833
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB 2.267 0.027022
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -2.756 0.007749
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD -1.293 0.200963
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD -3.269 0.001788
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD -1.488 0.141882
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD -4.131 0.000114
## Kerosene_production_TBPD -3.143 0.002595
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD -2.753 0.007809
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD -3.648 0.000556
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD -2.480 0.015956
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD -3.186 0.002287
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD 3.142 0.002610
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD -2.334 0.022960
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD 2.121 0.038054
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD 1.858 0.068143
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD -2.639 0.010571
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.371 0.020956
## Electricity_exports_BKWH -2.543 0.013592
## Electricity_imports_BKWH 2.563 0.012894
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.541 0.128586
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH 2.697 0.009065
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH 2.006 0.049415
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH -2.689 0.009254
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.388 0.170334
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -2.961 0.004382
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.085 0.041378
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.995 0.050627
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -3.139 0.002631
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.390 0.169529
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH -3.020 0.003711
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK 1.724 0.089887
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH -1.363 0.177939
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.004 0.003884
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -2.129 0.037388
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -1.814 0.074720
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK -3.405 0.001184
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH 4.718 1.47e-05
##
## (Intercept) ***
## GDP_USD ***
## Population **
## Bunker_fuel_consumption_TBPD ***
## Bunker_residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD **
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_imports_TBPD
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_production_TBPD **
## Crude_oil_including_lease_condensate_reserves_BB *
## Distillate_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD **
## Distillate_fuel_oil_production_TBPD
## Jet_fuel_consumption_TBPD **
## Jet_fuel_production_TBPD
## Kerosene_consumption_TBPD ***
## Kerosene_production_TBPD **
## Liquefied_petroleum_gases_.LPG._consumption_TBPD **
## Motor_gasoline_consumption_TBPD ***
## Motor_gasoline_production_TBPD *
## Other_refined_products_consumption_TBPD **
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_CO2_emissions_MMTCD **
## Petroleum_and_other_liquids_production_TBPD *
## Refined_petroleum_products_production_TBPD *
## Refinery_processing_gain_TBPD .
## Residual_fuel_oil_consumption_TBPD *
## Biomass_and_waste_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Electricity_exports_BKWH *
## Electricity_imports_BKWH *
## Electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Electricity_net_consumption_BKWH **
## Electricity_net_generation_BKWH *
## Electricity_net_imports_BKWH **
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Fossil_fuels_electricity_net_generation_BKWH **
## Geothermal_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_installed_capacity_MK .
## Hydroelectric_pumped_storage_electricity_net_generation_BKWH **
## Hydroelectricity_installed_capacity_MK
## Hydroelectricity_net_generation_BKWH **
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_installed_capacity_MK .
## Non.hydro_renewable_electricity_net_generation_BKWH
## Nuclear_electricity_installed_capacity_MK **
## Solar_electricity_installed_capacity_MK *
## Tide_and_wave_electricity_installed_capacity_MK .
## Wind_electricity_installed_capacity_MK **
## Wind_electricity_net_generation_BKWH ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 0.6036 on 60 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.9073, Adjusted R-squared: 0.8409
## F-statistic: 13.66 on 43 and 60 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Este modelo explica alrededor del 90.73% de la variabilidad observada en el PIB y se ha ajustado razonablemente bien a los datos. Los resultados muestran una cantidad significativa de variabilidad en el PIB explicada por las variables consideradas en el modelo.
Sin embargo, al validar los supuesto no se evidencia homocedasticidad,apesar de resaltar la normalidad en los residuales.
# Gráfico de dispersión de residuos vs valores ajustados para verificar homocedasticidad
plot(modelo_seleccionado, which = 1)
# Gráfico Q-Q de los residuos para verificar normalidad
plot(modelo_seleccionado, which = 2)
Regresión Logística
En el conjunto de datos Estacion3_Data_5min.csv cuenta
con información de una estacion meteorológica que miden las siguientes
variables:
- “Rad_Horiz”: Radiación horizontal
- “Rad_Plano_Incl”: Radiación en plano inclinado
- “Temperatura_PV_1”: Temperatura a una altura 1
- “Temperatura_PV_2”: Temperatura a una altura 2
- “Irradiacia1”: Irradiación 1
- “Irradiacia2”: Irradiación 2
- “WindSpeed”: Velocidad del viento
- “WindDirection”: Dirección del viento
- “AirTemperature”: Tempratura del aire
- “Rad_Horiz_Avg”: Radiación horizontal promedio
- “Rad_Plano_Incl_Avg”: Radiación en plano inclinado promedio
- “RelHumidity”: Humedad Relativa
- “RelAirPressure”: Presión de aire relativo
- “Presencia_Lluvia”: Presencia de lluvia (1) o no (0) en la zona
Datos <- read.csv("Estacion3_Data_5min.csv")
Datos<-as.data.frame(Datos)
str(Datos)## 'data.frame': 3088 obs. of 16 variables:
## $ TIMESTAMP : chr "2022-06-17 14:30:00" "2022-06-17 14:35:00" "2022-06-17 14:40:00" "2022-06-17 14:45:00" ...
## $ RECORD : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
## $ Rad_Horiz : num 438 316 304 306 267 ...
## $ Rad_Plano_Incl : num 444 317 308 309 271 ...
## $ Temperatura_PV_1 : num 34.9 32.9 31.2 30.1 31.4 ...
## $ Temperatura_PV_2 : num 35.2 35.1 33.8 32.3 33.4 ...
## $ Irradiacia1 : num 496 494 502 459 552 ...
## $ Irradiacia2 : num 51.4 45.6 43.5 28.5 50.5 ...
## $ WindSpeed : num 1.5 0.6 2.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.2 ...
## $ WindDirection : num 153 165 131 134 91 ...
## $ AirTemperature : num 24.6 24.8 25 24.8 25.2 25.3 25 25.4 25.4 25.6 ...
## $ PrecipitationIntensity: num 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Rad_Horiz_Avg : num 451 358 318 307 276 ...
## $ Rad_Plano_Incl_Avg : num 456 359 320 312 279 ...
## $ RelHumidity : num 88.9 87.3 85.4 86.1 85.7 84.1 84.8 84.3 84.5 83.7 ...
## $ RelAirPressure : int 963 963 963 963 963 963 963 963 962 962 ...