getwd()
## [1] "C:/Users/travi/OneDrive/Desktop"
# Vector arithmetic
x <- c(1.8, 3.14, 4, 88.169, 13)
length(x)
## [1] 5
# The mode of a vector
mode(x)
## [1] "numeric"
#Logical vectors
x > 3.5
## [1] FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE
# Character Vectors
names(x) <- c("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
# Vector Arithmetic
## scalars 2 and 3 are recycled to the length of x.
2 * x + 3
## a b c d e
## 6.600 9.280 11.000 179.338 29.000
##x is multiplied element-wise by the vector 5:1 (the integers from 5 through 1,) and then the vector 1:5 is added element-wise.
(5:1) * x + (1:5) #or
## a b c d e
## 10.000 14.560 15.000 180.338 18.000
5:1 * x + 1:5
## a b c d e
## 10.000 14.560 15.000 180.338 18.000
# application of mathematical functions.
log(x)
## a b c d e
## 0.5877867 1.1442228 1.3862944 4.4792554 2.5649494
# Subsetting vectors
## Extract elements by their index:
x[c(1, 4)]
## a d
## 1.800 88.169
## Exclude elements with negative index:
x[-c(2, 3, 5)]
## a d
## 1.800 88.169
# Patterned vectors
ones <- rep(1, 10)
rep(c(2,3), c(3,2))
## [1] 2 2 2 3 3
trend <- 1981:2005
even <- seq(from = 2, to = 20, by = 2)
seq(from = 2, to = 20, length = 10)
## [1] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
c(ones, even)
## [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
# More on Subsetting
##by numeric indices
x[3:5]
## c d e
## 4.000 88.169 13.000
## character subsetting can be used if there is a names attribute:
x[c("c", "d", "e")]
## c d e
## 4.000 88.169 13.000
#$ Logical subsetting: Selects elements corresponding to TRUE:
x[x > 3.5]
## c d e
## 4.000 88.169 13.000
# Logical Comparisons
x <- c(1.8, 3.14, 4, 88.169, 13)
y <- (x > 3 & x <= 4) ## What happens to x[y]?
# Lists
mylist <- list(sample = rnorm(5), family = "normal distribution", parameters = list(mean = 0, sd = 1))
mylist
## $sample
## [1] -0.3046628 -0.2038628 -0.7836951 1.2898643 -0.6103310
##
## $family
## [1] "normal distribution"
##
## $parameters
## $parameters$mean
## [1] 0
##
## $parameters$sd
## [1] 1
mylist[[1]]
## [1] -0.3046628 -0.2038628 -0.7836951 1.2898643 -0.6103310
mylist[["sample"]]
## [1] -0.3046628 -0.2038628 -0.7836951 1.2898643 -0.6103310
mylist$sample
## [1] -0.3046628 -0.2038628 -0.7836951 1.2898643 -0.6103310
mylist[[3]]$sd
## [1] 1
## What’s the difference?
class(mylist[["sample"]])
## [1] "numeric"
class(mylist["sample"])
## [1] "list"
# data.frame Objects in R
## Create a data frame
mydata <- data.frame (Name = c("Juan", "Alcaraz", "Simantha"),
Age = c(22, 15, 19),
Vote = c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE))
print(mydata) # or just mydata
## Name Age Vote
## 1 Juan 22 TRUE
## 2 Alcaraz 15 FALSE
## 3 Simantha 19 TRUE
# Data Input & Plotting
tse<-read.table("C:/Users/travi/Downloads/tse.csv", header=T)
## tse<-read.table(file.choose(), header=T)
dim(tse)
## [1] 4199 5
class(tse)
## [1] "data.frame"
colnames(tse)
## [1] "DATE" "JS" "VAL.S" "VOL.S" "TRA.S"
rownames(tse)
## [1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10"
## [11] "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19" "20"
## [21] "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29" "30"
## [31] "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39" "40"
## [41] "41" "42" "43" "44" "45" "46" "47" "48" "49" "50"
## [51] "51" "52" "53" "54" "55" "56" "57" "58" "59" "60"
## [61] "61" "62" "63" "64" "65" "66" "67" "68" "69" "70"
## [71] "71" "72" "73" "74" "75" "76" "77" "78" "79" "80"
## [81] "81" "82" "83" "84" "85" "86" "87" "88" "89" "90"
## [91] "91" "92" "93" "94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99" "100"
## [101] "101" "102" "103" "104" "105" "106" "107" "108" "109" "110"
## [111] "111" "112" "113" "114" "115" "116" "117" "118" "119" "120"
## [121] "121" "122" "123" "124" "125" "126" "127" "128" "129" "130"
## [131] "131" "132" "133" "134" "135" "136" "137" "138" "139" "140"
## [141] "141" "142" "143" "144" "145" "146" "147" "148" "149" "150"
## [151] "151" "152" "153" "154" "155" "156" "157" "158" "159" "160"
## [161] "161" "162" "163" "164" "165" "166" "167" "168" "169" "170"
## [171] "171" "172" "173" "174" "175" "176" "177" "178" "179" "180"
## [181] "181" "182" "183" "184" "185" "186" "187" "188" "189" "190"
## [191] "191" "192" "193" "194" "195" "196" "197" "198" "199" "200"
## [201] "201" "202" "203" "204" "205" "206" "207" "208" "209" "210"
## [211] "211" "212" "213" "214" "215" "216" "217" "218" "219" "220"
## [221] "221" "222" "223" "224" "225" "226" "227" "228" "229" "230"
## [231] "231" "232" "233" "234" "235" "236" "237" "238" "239" "240"
## [241] "241" "242" "243" "244" "245" "246" "247" "248" "249" "250"
## [251] "251" "252" "253" "254" "255" "256" "257" "258" "259" "260"
## [261] "261" "262" "263" "264" "265" "266" "267" "268" "269" "270"
## [271] "271" "272" "273" "274" "275" "276" "277" "278" "279" "280"
## [281] "281" "282" "283" "284" "285" "286" "287" "288" "289" "290"
## [291] "291" "292" "293" "294" "295" "296" "297" "298" "299" "300"
## [301] "301" "302" "303" "304" "305" "306" "307" "308" "309" "310"
## [311] "311" "312" "313" "314" "315" "316" "317" "318" "319" "320"
## [321] "321" "322" "323" "324" "325" "326" "327" "328" "329" "330"
## [331] "331" "332" "333" "334" "335" "336" "337" "338" "339" "340"
## [341] "341" "342" "343" "344" "345" "346" "347" "348" "349" "350"
## [351] "351" "352" "353" "354" "355" "356" "357" "358" "359" "360"
## [361] "361" "362" "363" "364" "365" "366" "367" "368" "369" "370"
## [371] "371" "372" "373" "374" "375" "376" "377" "378" "379" "380"
## [381] "381" "382" "383" "384" "385" "386" "387" "388" "389" "390"
## [391] "391" "392" "393" "394" "395" "396" "397" "398" "399" "400"
## [401] "401" "402" "403" "404" "405" "406" "407" "408" "409" "410"
## [411] "411" "412" "413" "414" "415" "416" "417" "418" "419" "420"
## [421] "421" "422" "423" "424" "425" "426" "427" "428" "429" "430"
## [431] "431" "432" "433" "434" "435" "436" "437" "438" "439" "440"
## [441] "441" "442" "443" "444" "445" "446" "447" "448" "449" "450"
## [451] "451" "452" "453" "454" "455" "456" "457" "458" "459" "460"
## [461] "461" "462" "463" "464" "465" "466" "467" "468" "469" "470"
## [471] "471" "472" "473" "474" "475" "476" "477" "478" "479" "480"
## [481] "481" "482" "483" "484" "485" "486" "487" "488" "489" "490"
## [491] "491" "492" "493" "494" "495" "496" "497" "498" "499" "500"
## [501] "501" "502" "503" "504" "505" "506" "507" "508" "509" "510"
## [511] "511" "512" "513" "514" "515" "516" "517" "518" "519" "520"
## [521] "521" "522" "523" "524" "525" "526" "527" "528" "529" "530"
## [531] "531" "532" "533" "534" "535" "536" "537" "538" "539" "540"
## [541] "541" "542" "543" "544" "545" "546" "547" "548" "549" "550"
## [551] "551" "552" "553" "554" "555" "556" "557" "558" "559" "560"
## [561] "561" "562" "563" "564" "565" "566" "567" "568" "569" "570"
## [571] "571" "572" "573" "574" "575" "576" "577" "578" "579" "580"
## [581] "581" "582" "583" "584" "585" "586" "587" "588" "589" "590"
## [591] "591" "592" "593" "594" "595" "596" "597" "598" "599" "600"
## [601] "601" "602" "603" "604" "605" "606" "607" "608" "609" "610"
## [611] "611" "612" "613" "614" "615" "616" "617" "618" "619" "620"
## [621] "621" "622" "623" "624" "625" "626" "627" "628" "629" "630"
## [631] "631" "632" "633" "634" "635" "636" "637" "638" "639" "640"
## [641] "641" "642" "643" "644" "645" "646" "647" "648" "649" "650"
## [651] "651" "652" "653" "654" "655" "656" "657" "658" "659" "660"
## [661] "661" "662" "663" "664" "665" "666" "667" "668" "669" "670"
## [671] "671" "672" "673" "674" "675" "676" "677" "678" "679" "680"
## [681] "681" "682" "683" "684" "685" "686" "687" "688" "689" "690"
## [691] "691" "692" "693" "694" "695" "696" "697" "698" "699" "700"
## [701] "701" "702" "703" "704" "705" "706" "707" "708" "709" "710"
## [711] "711" "712" "713" "714" "715" "716" "717" "718" "719" "720"
## [721] "721" "722" "723" "724" "725" "726" "727" "728" "729" "730"
## [731] "731" "732" "733" "734" "735" "736" "737" "738" "739" "740"
## [741] "741" "742" "743" "744" "745" "746" "747" "748" "749" "750"
## [751] "751" "752" "753" "754" "755" "756" "757" "758" "759" "760"
## [761] "761" "762" "763" "764" "765" "766" "767" "768" "769" "770"
## [771] "771" "772" "773" "774" "775" "776" "777" "778" "779" "780"
## [781] "781" "782" "783" "784" "785" "786" "787" "788" "789" "790"
## [791] "791" "792" "793" "794" "795" "796" "797" "798" "799" "800"
## [801] "801" "802" "803" "804" "805" "806" "807" "808" "809" "810"
## [811] "811" "812" "813" "814" "815" "816" "817" "818" "819" "820"
## [821] "821" "822" "823" "824" "825" "826" "827" "828" "829" "830"
## [831] "831" "832" "833" "834" "835" "836" "837" "838" "839" "840"
## [841] "841" "842" "843" "844" "845" "846" "847" "848" "849" "850"
## [851] "851" "852" "853" "854" "855" "856" "857" "858" "859" "860"
## [861] "861" "862" "863" "864" "865" "866" "867" "868" "869" "870"
## [871] "871" "872" "873" "874" "875" "876" "877" "878" "879" "880"
## [881] "881" "882" "883" "884" "885" "886" "887" "888" "889" "890"
## [891] "891" "892" "893" "894" "895" "896" "897" "898" "899" "900"
## [901] "901" "902" "903" "904" "905" "906" "907" "908" "909" "910"
## [911] "911" "912" "913" "914" "915" "916" "917" "918" "919" "920"
## [921] "921" "922" "923" "924" "925" "926" "927" "928" "929" "930"
## [931] "931" "932" "933" "934" "935" "936" "937" "938" "939" "940"
## [941] "941" "942" "943" "944" "945" "946" "947" "948" "949" "950"
## [951] "951" "952" "953" "954" "955" "956" "957" "958" "959" "960"
## [961] "961" "962" "963" "964" "965" "966" "967" "968" "969" "970"
## [971] "971" "972" "973" "974" "975" "976" "977" "978" "979" "980"
## [981] "981" "982" "983" "984" "985" "986" "987" "988" "989" "990"
## [991] "991" "992" "993" "994" "995" "996" "997" "998" "999" "1000"
## [1001] "1001" "1002" "1003" "1004" "1005" "1006" "1007" "1008" "1009" "1010"
## [1011] "1011" "1012" "1013" "1014" "1015" "1016" "1017" "1018" "1019" "1020"
## [1021] "1021" "1022" "1023" "1024" "1025" "1026" "1027" "1028" "1029" "1030"
## [1031] "1031" "1032" "1033" "1034" "1035" "1036" "1037" "1038" "1039" "1040"
## [1041] "1041" "1042" "1043" "1044" "1045" "1046" "1047" "1048" "1049" "1050"
## [1051] "1051" "1052" "1053" "1054" "1055" "1056" "1057" "1058" "1059" "1060"
## [1061] "1061" "1062" "1063" "1064" "1065" "1066" "1067" "1068" "1069" "1070"
## [1071] "1071" "1072" "1073" "1074" "1075" "1076" "1077" "1078" "1079" "1080"
## [1081] "1081" "1082" "1083" "1084" "1085" "1086" "1087" "1088" "1089" "1090"
## [1091] "1091" "1092" "1093" "1094" "1095" "1096" "1097" "1098" "1099" "1100"
## [1101] "1101" "1102" "1103" "1104" "1105" "1106" "1107" "1108" "1109" "1110"
## [1111] "1111" "1112" "1113" "1114" "1115" "1116" "1117" "1118" "1119" "1120"
## [1121] "1121" "1122" "1123" "1124" "1125" "1126" "1127" "1128" "1129" "1130"
## [1131] "1131" "1132" "1133" "1134" "1135" "1136" "1137" "1138" "1139" "1140"
## [1141] "1141" "1142" "1143" "1144" "1145" "1146" "1147" "1148" "1149" "1150"
## [1151] "1151" "1152" "1153" "1154" "1155" "1156" "1157" "1158" "1159" "1160"
## [1161] "1161" "1162" "1163" "1164" "1165" "1166" "1167" "1168" "1169" "1170"
## [1171] "1171" "1172" "1173" "1174" "1175" "1176" "1177" "1178" "1179" "1180"
## [1181] "1181" "1182" "1183" "1184" "1185" "1186" "1187" "1188" "1189" "1190"
## [1191] "1191" "1192" "1193" "1194" "1195" "1196" "1197" "1198" "1199" "1200"
## [1201] "1201" "1202" "1203" "1204" "1205" "1206" "1207" "1208" "1209" "1210"
## [1211] "1211" "1212" "1213" "1214" "1215" "1216" "1217" "1218" "1219" "1220"
## [1221] "1221" "1222" "1223" "1224" "1225" "1226" "1227" "1228" "1229" "1230"
## [1231] "1231" "1232" "1233" "1234" "1235" "1236" "1237" "1238" "1239" "1240"
## [1241] "1241" "1242" "1243" "1244" "1245" "1246" "1247" "1248" "1249" "1250"
## [1251] "1251" "1252" "1253" "1254" "1255" "1256" "1257" "1258" "1259" "1260"
## [1261] "1261" "1262" "1263" "1264" "1265" "1266" "1267" "1268" "1269" "1270"
## [1271] "1271" "1272" "1273" "1274" "1275" "1276" "1277" "1278" "1279" "1280"
## [1281] "1281" "1282" "1283" "1284" "1285" "1286" "1287" "1288" "1289" "1290"
## [1291] "1291" "1292" "1293" "1294" "1295" "1296" "1297" "1298" "1299" "1300"
## [1301] "1301" "1302" "1303" "1304" "1305" "1306" "1307" "1308" "1309" "1310"
## [1311] "1311" "1312" "1313" "1314" "1315" "1316" "1317" "1318" "1319" "1320"
## [1321] "1321" "1322" "1323" "1324" "1325" "1326" "1327" "1328" "1329" "1330"
## [1331] "1331" "1332" "1333" "1334" "1335" "1336" "1337" "1338" "1339" "1340"
## [1341] "1341" "1342" "1343" "1344" "1345" "1346" "1347" "1348" "1349" "1350"
## [1351] "1351" "1352" "1353" "1354" "1355" "1356" "1357" "1358" "1359" "1360"
## [1361] "1361" "1362" "1363" "1364" "1365" "1366" "1367" "1368" "1369" "1370"
## [1371] "1371" "1372" "1373" "1374" "1375" "1376" "1377" "1378" "1379" "1380"
## [1381] "1381" "1382" "1383" "1384" "1385" "1386" "1387" "1388" "1389" "1390"
## [1391] "1391" "1392" "1393" "1394" "1395" "1396" "1397" "1398" "1399" "1400"
## [1401] "1401" "1402" "1403" "1404" "1405" "1406" "1407" "1408" "1409" "1410"
## [1411] "1411" "1412" "1413" "1414" "1415" "1416" "1417" "1418" "1419" "1420"
## [1421] "1421" "1422" "1423" "1424" "1425" "1426" "1427" "1428" "1429" "1430"
## [1431] "1431" "1432" "1433" "1434" "1435" "1436" "1437" "1438" "1439" "1440"
## [1441] "1441" "1442" "1443" "1444" "1445" "1446" "1447" "1448" "1449" "1450"
## [1451] "1451" "1452" "1453" "1454" "1455" "1456" "1457" "1458" "1459" "1460"
## [1461] "1461" "1462" "1463" "1464" "1465" "1466" "1467" "1468" "1469" "1470"
## [1471] "1471" "1472" "1473" "1474" "1475" "1476" "1477" "1478" "1479" "1480"
## [1481] "1481" "1482" "1483" "1484" "1485" "1486" "1487" "1488" "1489" "1490"
## [1491] "1491" "1492" "1493" "1494" "1495" "1496" "1497" "1498" "1499" "1500"
## [1501] "1501" "1502" "1503" "1504" "1505" "1506" "1507" "1508" "1509" "1510"
## [1511] "1511" "1512" "1513" "1514" "1515" "1516" "1517" "1518" "1519" "1520"
## [1521] "1521" "1522" "1523" "1524" "1525" "1526" "1527" "1528" "1529" "1530"
## [1531] "1531" "1532" "1533" "1534" "1535" "1536" "1537" "1538" "1539" "1540"
## [1541] "1541" "1542" "1543" "1544" "1545" "1546" "1547" "1548" "1549" "1550"
## [1551] "1551" "1552" "1553" "1554" "1555" "1556" "1557" "1558" "1559" "1560"
## [1561] "1561" "1562" "1563" "1564" "1565" "1566" "1567" "1568" "1569" "1570"
## [1571] "1571" "1572" "1573" "1574" "1575" "1576" "1577" "1578" "1579" "1580"
## [1581] "1581" "1582" "1583" "1584" "1585" "1586" "1587" "1588" "1589" "1590"
## [1591] "1591" "1592" "1593" "1594" "1595" "1596" "1597" "1598" "1599" "1600"
## [1601] "1601" "1602" "1603" "1604" "1605" "1606" "1607" "1608" "1609" "1610"
## [1611] "1611" "1612" "1613" "1614" "1615" "1616" "1617" "1618" "1619" "1620"
## [1621] "1621" "1622" "1623" "1624" "1625" "1626" "1627" "1628" "1629" "1630"
## [1631] "1631" "1632" "1633" "1634" "1635" "1636" "1637" "1638" "1639" "1640"
## [1641] "1641" "1642" "1643" "1644" "1645" "1646" "1647" "1648" "1649" "1650"
## [1651] "1651" "1652" "1653" "1654" "1655" "1656" "1657" "1658" "1659" "1660"
## [1661] "1661" "1662" "1663" "1664" "1665" "1666" "1667" "1668" "1669" "1670"
## [1671] "1671" "1672" "1673" "1674" "1675" "1676" "1677" "1678" "1679" "1680"
## [1681] "1681" "1682" "1683" "1684" "1685" "1686" "1687" "1688" "1689" "1690"
## [1691] "1691" "1692" "1693" "1694" "1695" "1696" "1697" "1698" "1699" "1700"
## [1701] "1701" "1702" "1703" "1704" "1705" "1706" "1707" "1708" "1709" "1710"
## [1711] "1711" "1712" "1713" "1714" "1715" "1716" "1717" "1718" "1719" "1720"
## [1721] "1721" "1722" "1723" "1724" "1725" "1726" "1727" "1728" "1729" "1730"
## [1731] "1731" "1732" "1733" "1734" "1735" "1736" "1737" "1738" "1739" "1740"
## [1741] "1741" "1742" "1743" "1744" "1745" "1746" "1747" "1748" "1749" "1750"
## [1751] "1751" "1752" "1753" "1754" "1755" "1756" "1757" "1758" "1759" "1760"
## [1761] "1761" "1762" "1763" "1764" "1765" "1766" "1767" "1768" "1769" "1770"
## [1771] "1771" "1772" "1773" "1774" "1775" "1776" "1777" "1778" "1779" "1780"
## [1781] "1781" "1782" "1783" "1784" "1785" "1786" "1787" "1788" "1789" "1790"
## [1791] "1791" "1792" "1793" "1794" "1795" "1796" "1797" "1798" "1799" "1800"
## [1801] "1801" "1802" "1803" "1804" "1805" "1806" "1807" "1808" "1809" "1810"
## [1811] "1811" "1812" "1813" "1814" "1815" "1816" "1817" "1818" "1819" "1820"
## [1821] "1821" "1822" "1823" "1824" "1825" "1826" "1827" "1828" "1829" "1830"
## [1831] "1831" "1832" "1833" "1834" "1835" "1836" "1837" "1838" "1839" "1840"
## [1841] "1841" "1842" "1843" "1844" "1845" "1846" "1847" "1848" "1849" "1850"
## [1851] "1851" "1852" "1853" "1854" "1855" "1856" "1857" "1858" "1859" "1860"
## [1861] "1861" "1862" "1863" "1864" "1865" "1866" "1867" "1868" "1869" "1870"
## [1871] "1871" "1872" "1873" "1874" "1875" "1876" "1877" "1878" "1879" "1880"
## [1881] "1881" "1882" "1883" "1884" "1885" "1886" "1887" "1888" "1889" "1890"
## [1891] "1891" "1892" "1893" "1894" "1895" "1896" "1897" "1898" "1899" "1900"
## [1901] "1901" "1902" "1903" "1904" "1905" "1906" "1907" "1908" "1909" "1910"
## [1911] "1911" "1912" "1913" "1914" "1915" "1916" "1917" "1918" "1919" "1920"
## [1921] "1921" "1922" "1923" "1924" "1925" "1926" "1927" "1928" "1929" "1930"
## [1931] "1931" "1932" "1933" "1934" "1935" "1936" "1937" "1938" "1939" "1940"
## [1941] "1941" "1942" "1943" "1944" "1945" "1946" "1947" "1948" "1949" "1950"
## [1951] "1951" "1952" "1953" "1954" "1955" "1956" "1957" "1958" "1959" "1960"
## [1961] "1961" "1962" "1963" "1964" "1965" "1966" "1967" "1968" "1969" "1970"
## [1971] "1971" "1972" "1973" "1974" "1975" "1976" "1977" "1978" "1979" "1980"
## [1981] "1981" "1982" "1983" "1984" "1985" "1986" "1987" "1988" "1989" "1990"
## [1991] "1991" "1992" "1993" "1994" "1995" "1996" "1997" "1998" "1999" "2000"
## [2001] "2001" "2002" "2003" "2004" "2005" "2006" "2007" "2008" "2009" "2010"
## [2011] "2011" "2012" "2013" "2014" "2015" "2016" "2017" "2018" "2019" "2020"
## [2021] "2021" "2022" "2023" "2024" "2025" "2026" "2027" "2028" "2029" "2030"
## [2031] "2031" "2032" "2033" "2034" "2035" "2036" "2037" "2038" "2039" "2040"
## [2041] "2041" "2042" "2043" "2044" "2045" "2046" "2047" "2048" "2049" "2050"
## [2051] "2051" "2052" "2053" "2054" "2055" "2056" "2057" "2058" "2059" "2060"
## [2061] "2061" "2062" "2063" "2064" "2065" "2066" "2067" "2068" "2069" "2070"
## [2071] "2071" "2072" "2073" "2074" "2075" "2076" "2077" "2078" "2079" "2080"
## [2081] "2081" "2082" "2083" "2084" "2085" "2086" "2087" "2088" "2089" "2090"
## [2091] "2091" "2092" "2093" "2094" "2095" "2096" "2097" "2098" "2099" "2100"
## [2101] "2101" "2102" "2103" "2104" "2105" "2106" "2107" "2108" "2109" "2110"
## [2111] "2111" "2112" "2113" "2114" "2115" "2116" "2117" "2118" "2119" "2120"
## [2121] "2121" "2122" "2123" "2124" "2125" "2126" "2127" "2128" "2129" "2130"
## [2131] "2131" "2132" "2133" "2134" "2135" "2136" "2137" "2138" "2139" "2140"
## [2141] "2141" "2142" "2143" "2144" "2145" "2146" "2147" "2148" "2149" "2150"
## [2151] "2151" "2152" "2153" "2154" "2155" "2156" "2157" "2158" "2159" "2160"
## [2161] "2161" "2162" "2163" "2164" "2165" "2166" "2167" "2168" "2169" "2170"
## [2171] "2171" "2172" "2173" "2174" "2175" "2176" "2177" "2178" "2179" "2180"
## [2181] "2181" "2182" "2183" "2184" "2185" "2186" "2187" "2188" "2189" "2190"
## [2191] "2191" "2192" "2193" "2194" "2195" "2196" "2197" "2198" "2199" "2200"
## [2201] "2201" "2202" "2203" "2204" "2205" "2206" "2207" "2208" "2209" "2210"
## [2211] "2211" "2212" "2213" "2214" "2215" "2216" "2217" "2218" "2219" "2220"
## [2221] "2221" "2222" "2223" "2224" "2225" "2226" "2227" "2228" "2229" "2230"
## [2231] "2231" "2232" "2233" "2234" "2235" "2236" "2237" "2238" "2239" "2240"
## [2241] "2241" "2242" "2243" "2244" "2245" "2246" "2247" "2248" "2249" "2250"
## [2251] "2251" "2252" "2253" "2254" "2255" "2256" "2257" "2258" "2259" "2260"
## [2261] "2261" "2262" "2263" "2264" "2265" "2266" "2267" "2268" "2269" "2270"
## [2271] "2271" "2272" "2273" "2274" "2275" "2276" "2277" "2278" "2279" "2280"
## [2281] "2281" "2282" "2283" "2284" "2285" "2286" "2287" "2288" "2289" "2290"
## [2291] "2291" "2292" "2293" "2294" "2295" "2296" "2297" "2298" "2299" "2300"
## [2301] "2301" "2302" "2303" "2304" "2305" "2306" "2307" "2308" "2309" "2310"
## [2311] "2311" "2312" "2313" "2314" "2315" "2316" "2317" "2318" "2319" "2320"
## [2321] "2321" "2322" "2323" "2324" "2325" "2326" "2327" "2328" "2329" "2330"
## [2331] "2331" "2332" "2333" "2334" "2335" "2336" "2337" "2338" "2339" "2340"
## [2341] "2341" "2342" "2343" "2344" "2345" "2346" "2347" "2348" "2349" "2350"
## [2351] "2351" "2352" "2353" "2354" "2355" "2356" "2357" "2358" "2359" "2360"
## [2361] "2361" "2362" "2363" "2364" "2365" "2366" "2367" "2368" "2369" "2370"
## [2371] "2371" "2372" "2373" "2374" "2375" "2376" "2377" "2378" "2379" "2380"
## [2381] "2381" "2382" "2383" "2384" "2385" "2386" "2387" "2388" "2389" "2390"
## [2391] "2391" "2392" "2393" "2394" "2395" "2396" "2397" "2398" "2399" "2400"
## [2401] "2401" "2402" "2403" "2404" "2405" "2406" "2407" "2408" "2409" "2410"
## [2411] "2411" "2412" "2413" "2414" "2415" "2416" "2417" "2418" "2419" "2420"
## [2421] "2421" "2422" "2423" "2424" "2425" "2426" "2427" "2428" "2429" "2430"
## [2431] "2431" "2432" "2433" "2434" "2435" "2436" "2437" "2438" "2439" "2440"
## [2441] "2441" "2442" "2443" "2444" "2445" "2446" "2447" "2448" "2449" "2450"
## [2451] "2451" "2452" "2453" "2454" "2455" "2456" "2457" "2458" "2459" "2460"
## [2461] "2461" "2462" "2463" "2464" "2465" "2466" "2467" "2468" "2469" "2470"
## [2471] "2471" "2472" "2473" "2474" "2475" "2476" "2477" "2478" "2479" "2480"
## [2481] "2481" "2482" "2483" "2484" "2485" "2486" "2487" "2488" "2489" "2490"
## [2491] "2491" "2492" "2493" "2494" "2495" "2496" "2497" "2498" "2499" "2500"
## [2501] "2501" "2502" "2503" "2504" "2505" "2506" "2507" "2508" "2509" "2510"
## [2511] "2511" "2512" "2513" "2514" "2515" "2516" "2517" "2518" "2519" "2520"
## [2521] "2521" "2522" "2523" "2524" "2525" "2526" "2527" "2528" "2529" "2530"
## [2531] "2531" "2532" "2533" "2534" "2535" "2536" "2537" "2538" "2539" "2540"
## [2541] "2541" "2542" "2543" "2544" "2545" "2546" "2547" "2548" "2549" "2550"
## [2551] "2551" "2552" "2553" "2554" "2555" "2556" "2557" "2558" "2559" "2560"
## [2561] "2561" "2562" "2563" "2564" "2565" "2566" "2567" "2568" "2569" "2570"
## [2571] "2571" "2572" "2573" "2574" "2575" "2576" "2577" "2578" "2579" "2580"
## [2581] "2581" "2582" "2583" "2584" "2585" "2586" "2587" "2588" "2589" "2590"
## [2591] "2591" "2592" "2593" "2594" "2595" "2596" "2597" "2598" "2599" "2600"
## [2601] "2601" "2602" "2603" "2604" "2605" "2606" "2607" "2608" "2609" "2610"
## [2611] "2611" "2612" "2613" "2614" "2615" "2616" "2617" "2618" "2619" "2620"
## [2621] "2621" "2622" "2623" "2624" "2625" "2626" "2627" "2628" "2629" "2630"
## [2631] "2631" "2632" "2633" "2634" "2635" "2636" "2637" "2638" "2639" "2640"
## [2641] "2641" "2642" "2643" "2644" "2645" "2646" "2647" "2648" "2649" "2650"
## [2651] "2651" "2652" "2653" "2654" "2655" "2656" "2657" "2658" "2659" "2660"
## [2661] "2661" "2662" "2663" "2664" "2665" "2666" "2667" "2668" "2669" "2670"
## [2671] "2671" "2672" "2673" "2674" "2675" "2676" "2677" "2678" "2679" "2680"
## [2681] "2681" "2682" "2683" "2684" "2685" "2686" "2687" "2688" "2689" "2690"
## [2691] "2691" "2692" "2693" "2694" "2695" "2696" "2697" "2698" "2699" "2700"
## [2701] "2701" "2702" "2703" "2704" "2705" "2706" "2707" "2708" "2709" "2710"
## [2711] "2711" "2712" "2713" "2714" "2715" "2716" "2717" "2718" "2719" "2720"
## [2721] "2721" "2722" "2723" "2724" "2725" "2726" "2727" "2728" "2729" "2730"
## [2731] "2731" "2732" "2733" "2734" "2735" "2736" "2737" "2738" "2739" "2740"
## [2741] "2741" "2742" "2743" "2744" "2745" "2746" "2747" "2748" "2749" "2750"
## [2751] "2751" "2752" "2753" "2754" "2755" "2756" "2757" "2758" "2759" "2760"
## [2761] "2761" "2762" "2763" "2764" "2765" "2766" "2767" "2768" "2769" "2770"
## [2771] "2771" "2772" "2773" "2774" "2775" "2776" "2777" "2778" "2779" "2780"
## [2781] "2781" "2782" "2783" "2784" "2785" "2786" "2787" "2788" "2789" "2790"
## [2791] "2791" "2792" "2793" "2794" "2795" "2796" "2797" "2798" "2799" "2800"
## [2801] "2801" "2802" "2803" "2804" "2805" "2806" "2807" "2808" "2809" "2810"
## [2811] "2811" "2812" "2813" "2814" "2815" "2816" "2817" "2818" "2819" "2820"
## [2821] "2821" "2822" "2823" "2824" "2825" "2826" "2827" "2828" "2829" "2830"
## [2831] "2831" "2832" "2833" "2834" "2835" "2836" "2837" "2838" "2839" "2840"
## [2841] "2841" "2842" "2843" "2844" "2845" "2846" "2847" "2848" "2849" "2850"
## [2851] "2851" "2852" "2853" "2854" "2855" "2856" "2857" "2858" "2859" "2860"
## [2861] "2861" "2862" "2863" "2864" "2865" "2866" "2867" "2868" "2869" "2870"
## [2871] "2871" "2872" "2873" "2874" "2875" "2876" "2877" "2878" "2879" "2880"
## [2881] "2881" "2882" "2883" "2884" "2885" "2886" "2887" "2888" "2889" "2890"
## [2891] "2891" "2892" "2893" "2894" "2895" "2896" "2897" "2898" "2899" "2900"
## [2901] "2901" "2902" "2903" "2904" "2905" "2906" "2907" "2908" "2909" "2910"
## [2911] "2911" "2912" "2913" "2914" "2915" "2916" "2917" "2918" "2919" "2920"
## [2921] "2921" "2922" "2923" "2924" "2925" "2926" "2927" "2928" "2929" "2930"
## [2931] "2931" "2932" "2933" "2934" "2935" "2936" "2937" "2938" "2939" "2940"
## [2941] "2941" "2942" "2943" "2944" "2945" "2946" "2947" "2948" "2949" "2950"
## [2951] "2951" "2952" "2953" "2954" "2955" "2956" "2957" "2958" "2959" "2960"
## [2961] "2961" "2962" "2963" "2964" "2965" "2966" "2967" "2968" "2969" "2970"
## [2971] "2971" "2972" "2973" "2974" "2975" "2976" "2977" "2978" "2979" "2980"
## [2981] "2981" "2982" "2983" "2984" "2985" "2986" "2987" "2988" "2989" "2990"
## [2991] "2991" "2992" "2993" "2994" "2995" "2996" "2997" "2998" "2999" "3000"
## [3001] "3001" "3002" "3003" "3004" "3005" "3006" "3007" "3008" "3009" "3010"
## [3011] "3011" "3012" "3013" "3014" "3015" "3016" "3017" "3018" "3019" "3020"
## [3021] "3021" "3022" "3023" "3024" "3025" "3026" "3027" "3028" "3029" "3030"
## [3031] "3031" "3032" "3033" "3034" "3035" "3036" "3037" "3038" "3039" "3040"
## [3041] "3041" "3042" "3043" "3044" "3045" "3046" "3047" "3048" "3049" "3050"
## [3051] "3051" "3052" "3053" "3054" "3055" "3056" "3057" "3058" "3059" "3060"
## [3061] "3061" "3062" "3063" "3064" "3065" "3066" "3067" "3068" "3069" "3070"
## [3071] "3071" "3072" "3073" "3074" "3075" "3076" "3077" "3078" "3079" "3080"
## [3081] "3081" "3082" "3083" "3084" "3085" "3086" "3087" "3088" "3089" "3090"
## [3091] "3091" "3092" "3093" "3094" "3095" "3096" "3097" "3098" "3099" "3100"
## [3101] "3101" "3102" "3103" "3104" "3105" "3106" "3107" "3108" "3109" "3110"
## [3111] "3111" "3112" "3113" "3114" "3115" "3116" "3117" "3118" "3119" "3120"
## [3121] "3121" "3122" "3123" "3124" "3125" "3126" "3127" "3128" "3129" "3130"
## [3131] "3131" "3132" "3133" "3134" "3135" "3136" "3137" "3138" "3139" "3140"
## [3141] "3141" "3142" "3143" "3144" "3145" "3146" "3147" "3148" "3149" "3150"
## [3151] "3151" "3152" "3153" "3154" "3155" "3156" "3157" "3158" "3159" "3160"
## [3161] "3161" "3162" "3163" "3164" "3165" "3166" "3167" "3168" "3169" "3170"
## [3171] "3171" "3172" "3173" "3174" "3175" "3176" "3177" "3178" "3179" "3180"
## [3181] "3181" "3182" "3183" "3184" "3185" "3186" "3187" "3188" "3189" "3190"
## [3191] "3191" "3192" "3193" "3194" "3195" "3196" "3197" "3198" "3199" "3200"
## [3201] "3201" "3202" "3203" "3204" "3205" "3206" "3207" "3208" "3209" "3210"
## [3211] "3211" "3212" "3213" "3214" "3215" "3216" "3217" "3218" "3219" "3220"
## [3221] "3221" "3222" "3223" "3224" "3225" "3226" "3227" "3228" "3229" "3230"
## [3231] "3231" "3232" "3233" "3234" "3235" "3236" "3237" "3238" "3239" "3240"
## [3241] "3241" "3242" "3243" "3244" "3245" "3246" "3247" "3248" "3249" "3250"
## [3251] "3251" "3252" "3253" "3254" "3255" "3256" "3257" "3258" "3259" "3260"
## [3261] "3261" "3262" "3263" "3264" "3265" "3266" "3267" "3268" "3269" "3270"
## [3271] "3271" "3272" "3273" "3274" "3275" "3276" "3277" "3278" "3279" "3280"
## [3281] "3281" "3282" "3283" "3284" "3285" "3286" "3287" "3288" "3289" "3290"
## [3291] "3291" "3292" "3293" "3294" "3295" "3296" "3297" "3298" "3299" "3300"
## [3301] "3301" "3302" "3303" "3304" "3305" "3306" "3307" "3308" "3309" "3310"
## [3311] "3311" "3312" "3313" "3314" "3315" "3316" "3317" "3318" "3319" "3320"
## [3321] "3321" "3322" "3323" "3324" "3325" "3326" "3327" "3328" "3329" "3330"
## [3331] "3331" "3332" "3333" "3334" "3335" "3336" "3337" "3338" "3339" "3340"
## [3341] "3341" "3342" "3343" "3344" "3345" "3346" "3347" "3348" "3349" "3350"
## [3351] "3351" "3352" "3353" "3354" "3355" "3356" "3357" "3358" "3359" "3360"
## [3361] "3361" "3362" "3363" "3364" "3365" "3366" "3367" "3368" "3369" "3370"
## [3371] "3371" "3372" "3373" "3374" "3375" "3376" "3377" "3378" "3379" "3380"
## [3381] "3381" "3382" "3383" "3384" "3385" "3386" "3387" "3388" "3389" "3390"
## [3391] "3391" "3392" "3393" "3394" "3395" "3396" "3397" "3398" "3399" "3400"
## [3401] "3401" "3402" "3403" "3404" "3405" "3406" "3407" "3408" "3409" "3410"
## [3411] "3411" "3412" "3413" "3414" "3415" "3416" "3417" "3418" "3419" "3420"
## [3421] "3421" "3422" "3423" "3424" "3425" "3426" "3427" "3428" "3429" "3430"
## [3431] "3431" "3432" "3433" "3434" "3435" "3436" "3437" "3438" "3439" "3440"
## [3441] "3441" "3442" "3443" "3444" "3445" "3446" "3447" "3448" "3449" "3450"
## [3451] "3451" "3452" "3453" "3454" "3455" "3456" "3457" "3458" "3459" "3460"
## [3461] "3461" "3462" "3463" "3464" "3465" "3466" "3467" "3468" "3469" "3470"
## [3471] "3471" "3472" "3473" "3474" "3475" "3476" "3477" "3478" "3479" "3480"
## [3481] "3481" "3482" "3483" "3484" "3485" "3486" "3487" "3488" "3489" "3490"
## [3491] "3491" "3492" "3493" "3494" "3495" "3496" "3497" "3498" "3499" "3500"
## [3501] "3501" "3502" "3503" "3504" "3505" "3506" "3507" "3508" "3509" "3510"
## [3511] "3511" "3512" "3513" "3514" "3515" "3516" "3517" "3518" "3519" "3520"
## [3521] "3521" "3522" "3523" "3524" "3525" "3526" "3527" "3528" "3529" "3530"
## [3531] "3531" "3532" "3533" "3534" "3535" "3536" "3537" "3538" "3539" "3540"
## [3541] "3541" "3542" "3543" "3544" "3545" "3546" "3547" "3548" "3549" "3550"
## [3551] "3551" "3552" "3553" "3554" "3555" "3556" "3557" "3558" "3559" "3560"
## [3561] "3561" "3562" "3563" "3564" "3565" "3566" "3567" "3568" "3569" "3570"
## [3571] "3571" "3572" "3573" "3574" "3575" "3576" "3577" "3578" "3579" "3580"
## [3581] "3581" "3582" "3583" "3584" "3585" "3586" "3587" "3588" "3589" "3590"
## [3591] "3591" "3592" "3593" "3594" "3595" "3596" "3597" "3598" "3599" "3600"
## [3601] "3601" "3602" "3603" "3604" "3605" "3606" "3607" "3608" "3609" "3610"
## [3611] "3611" "3612" "3613" "3614" "3615" "3616" "3617" "3618" "3619" "3620"
## [3621] "3621" "3622" "3623" "3624" "3625" "3626" "3627" "3628" "3629" "3630"
## [3631] "3631" "3632" "3633" "3634" "3635" "3636" "3637" "3638" "3639" "3640"
## [3641] "3641" "3642" "3643" "3644" "3645" "3646" "3647" "3648" "3649" "3650"
## [3651] "3651" "3652" "3653" "3654" "3655" "3656" "3657" "3658" "3659" "3660"
## [3661] "3661" "3662" "3663" "3664" "3665" "3666" "3667" "3668" "3669" "3670"
## [3671] "3671" "3672" "3673" "3674" "3675" "3676" "3677" "3678" "3679" "3680"
## [3681] "3681" "3682" "3683" "3684" "3685" "3686" "3687" "3688" "3689" "3690"
## [3691] "3691" "3692" "3693" "3694" "3695" "3696" "3697" "3698" "3699" "3700"
## [3701] "3701" "3702" "3703" "3704" "3705" "3706" "3707" "3708" "3709" "3710"
## [3711] "3711" "3712" "3713" "3714" "3715" "3716" "3717" "3718" "3719" "3720"
## [3721] "3721" "3722" "3723" "3724" "3725" "3726" "3727" "3728" "3729" "3730"
## [3731] "3731" "3732" "3733" "3734" "3735" "3736" "3737" "3738" "3739" "3740"
## [3741] "3741" "3742" "3743" "3744" "3745" "3746" "3747" "3748" "3749" "3750"
## [3751] "3751" "3752" "3753" "3754" "3755" "3756" "3757" "3758" "3759" "3760"
## [3761] "3761" "3762" "3763" "3764" "3765" "3766" "3767" "3768" "3769" "3770"
## [3771] "3771" "3772" "3773" "3774" "3775" "3776" "3777" "3778" "3779" "3780"
## [3781] "3781" "3782" "3783" "3784" "3785" "3786" "3787" "3788" "3789" "3790"
## [3791] "3791" "3792" "3793" "3794" "3795" "3796" "3797" "3798" "3799" "3800"
## [3801] "3801" "3802" "3803" "3804" "3805" "3806" "3807" "3808" "3809" "3810"
## [3811] "3811" "3812" "3813" "3814" "3815" "3816" "3817" "3818" "3819" "3820"
## [3821] "3821" "3822" "3823" "3824" "3825" "3826" "3827" "3828" "3829" "3830"
## [3831] "3831" "3832" "3833" "3834" "3835" "3836" "3837" "3838" "3839" "3840"
## [3841] "3841" "3842" "3843" "3844" "3845" "3846" "3847" "3848" "3849" "3850"
## [3851] "3851" "3852" "3853" "3854" "3855" "3856" "3857" "3858" "3859" "3860"
## [3861] "3861" "3862" "3863" "3864" "3865" "3866" "3867" "3868" "3869" "3870"
## [3871] "3871" "3872" "3873" "3874" "3875" "3876" "3877" "3878" "3879" "3880"
## [3881] "3881" "3882" "3883" "3884" "3885" "3886" "3887" "3888" "3889" "3890"
## [3891] "3891" "3892" "3893" "3894" "3895" "3896" "3897" "3898" "3899" "3900"
## [3901] "3901" "3902" "3903" "3904" "3905" "3906" "3907" "3908" "3909" "3910"
## [3911] "3911" "3912" "3913" "3914" "3915" "3916" "3917" "3918" "3919" "3920"
## [3921] "3921" "3922" "3923" "3924" "3925" "3926" "3927" "3928" "3929" "3930"
## [3931] "3931" "3932" "3933" "3934" "3935" "3936" "3937" "3938" "3939" "3940"
## [3941] "3941" "3942" "3943" "3944" "3945" "3946" "3947" "3948" "3949" "3950"
## [3951] "3951" "3952" "3953" "3954" "3955" "3956" "3957" "3958" "3959" "3960"
## [3961] "3961" "3962" "3963" "3964" "3965" "3966" "3967" "3968" "3969" "3970"
## [3971] "3971" "3972" "3973" "3974" "3975" "3976" "3977" "3978" "3979" "3980"
## [3981] "3981" "3982" "3983" "3984" "3985" "3986" "3987" "3988" "3989" "3990"
## [3991] "3991" "3992" "3993" "3994" "3995" "3996" "3997" "3998" "3999" "4000"
## [4001] "4001" "4002" "4003" "4004" "4005" "4006" "4007" "4008" "4009" "4010"
## [4011] "4011" "4012" "4013" "4014" "4015" "4016" "4017" "4018" "4019" "4020"
## [4021] "4021" "4022" "4023" "4024" "4025" "4026" "4027" "4028" "4029" "4030"
## [4031] "4031" "4032" "4033" "4034" "4035" "4036" "4037" "4038" "4039" "4040"
## [4041] "4041" "4042" "4043" "4044" "4045" "4046" "4047" "4048" "4049" "4050"
## [4051] "4051" "4052" "4053" "4054" "4055" "4056" "4057" "4058" "4059" "4060"
## [4061] "4061" "4062" "4063" "4064" "4065" "4066" "4067" "4068" "4069" "4070"
## [4071] "4071" "4072" "4073" "4074" "4075" "4076" "4077" "4078" "4079" "4080"
## [4081] "4081" "4082" "4083" "4084" "4085" "4086" "4087" "4088" "4089" "4090"
## [4091] "4091" "4092" "4093" "4094" "4095" "4096" "4097" "4098" "4099" "4100"
## [4101] "4101" "4102" "4103" "4104" "4105" "4106" "4107" "4108" "4109" "4110"
## [4111] "4111" "4112" "4113" "4114" "4115" "4116" "4117" "4118" "4119" "4120"
## [4121] "4121" "4122" "4123" "4124" "4125" "4126" "4127" "4128" "4129" "4130"
## [4131] "4131" "4132" "4133" "4134" "4135" "4136" "4137" "4138" "4139" "4140"
## [4141] "4141" "4142" "4143" "4144" "4145" "4146" "4147" "4148" "4149" "4150"
## [4151] "4151" "4152" "4153" "4154" "4155" "4156" "4157" "4158" "4159" "4160"
## [4161] "4161" "4162" "4163" "4164" "4165" "4166" "4167" "4168" "4169" "4170"
## [4171] "4171" "4172" "4173" "4174" "4175" "4176" "4177" "4178" "4179" "4180"
## [4181] "4181" "4182" "4183" "4184" "4185" "4186" "4187" "4188" "4189" "4190"
## [4191] "4191" "4192" "4193" "4194" "4195" "4196" "4197" "4198" "4199"
## Now, try plotting the index data
plot.ts(tse [, "JS"])
## Check data by typing,
tse [1:5,] #for the first 5 records,
## DATE JS VAL.S VOL.S TRA.S
## 1 19900101 NA NA NA NA
## 2 19900102 NA NA NA NA
## 3 19900103 NA NA NA NA
## 4 19900104 9853.15 115618 825590.6 312830
## 5 19900105 9862.42 122593 954284.8 372348
## or alternatively
head(tse) # the first 6 records
## DATE JS VAL.S VOL.S TRA.S
## 1 19900101 NA NA NA NA
## 2 19900102 NA NA NA NA
## 3 19900103 NA NA NA NA
## 4 19900104 9853.15 115618.01 825590.6 312830
## 5 19900105 9862.42 122593.01 954284.8 372348
## 6 19900106 9927.06 78493.81 569919.0 225054
tail(tse) # the last 6 records
## DATE JS VAL.S VOL.S TRA.S
## 4194 20010625 NA NA NA NA
## 4195 20010626 4785.12 36561.47 1222623 334451
## 4196 20010627 4825.28 37081.60 1217138 346955
## 4197 20010628 4768.55 33512.64 1111592 306859
## 4198 20010629 4883.43 48356.68 1513829 393933
## 4199 20010630 NA NA NA NA
## How to get rid of the missing values “NA”?
tse.dat<-na.omit(tse)
# Plot Again
plot(tse.dat[,"JS"], type="l", main="Taiwan Stock Exchange Value-Weighted Index",col="slateblue1",ylab="TSE Index", xlab="",las=0, cex=2)
# Multiple Plots on the Same Page
par(mfrow=c(2,2), oma=c(1,1,2,1))
plot(tse.dat[,"JS"], type="l", ylab="TSE Index")
title("TSE Index")
plot(tse.dat[,"VAL.S"], type="l", ylab="TSE Trading Value")
title("Trading Value")
plot(tse.dat[,"VOL.S"], type="l", ylab="TSE Trading Volume")
title("Trading Volume")
plot(tse.dat[,"TRA.S"], type="l", ylab="TSE # of Transaction")
title("# of Transaction")
mtext(outer=T,"Taiwan Stock Exchange", cex=2)
