Before begin..
Let’s load the SBP dataset.
dataset_sbp <- read.csv(file = "/Users/minsikkim/Dropbox (Personal)/Inha/5_Lectures/Advanced biostatistics/scripts/BTE3207_Advanced_Biostatistics/dataset/sbp_dataset_korea_2013-2014.csv")
head(dataset_sbp)## SEX BTH_G SBP DBP FBS DIS BMI
## 1 1 1 116 78 94 4 16.6
## 2 1 1 100 60 79 4 22.3
## 3 1 1 100 60 87 4 21.9
## 4 1 1 111 70 72 4 20.2
## 5 1 1 120 80 98 4 20.0
## 6 1 1 115 79 95 4 23.1Making function
lm_eqn <- function(m){
eq <- substitute(italic(y) == a + b %.% italic(x)*","~~italic(r)^2~"="~r2,
list(a = format(unname(coef(m)[1]), digits = 2),
b = format(unname(coef(m)[2]), digits = 2),
r2 = format(summary(m)$r.squared, digits = 3)))
as.character(as.expression(eq));
}Making a new variable hypertension
dataset_sbp$hypertension <- ifelse(dataset_sbp$SBP > 130 |
dataset_sbp$DBP > 80,
T,
F)Correlation plot
With a correlation plot, we can see
set.seed(1)
dataset_sbp_small <- subset(dataset_sbp, row.names(dataset_sbp) %in% sample(x = 1:1000000, size = 1000))
ggplot(data = dataset_sbp_small, aes(x = SBP, y = DBP)) +
geom_point() +
theme_classic( base_family = "serif", base_size = 20) +
xlab("SBP (mmHg)") +
ylab("DBP (mmHg)")
Data with trendline
set.seed(1)
dataset_sbp_small <- subset(dataset_sbp, row.names(dataset_sbp) %in% sample(x = 1:1000000, size = 1000))
ggplot(data = dataset_sbp_small, aes(x = SBP, y = DBP)) +
geom_point() +
theme_classic( base_family = "serif", base_size = 20) +
xlab("SBP (mmHg)") +
ylab("DBP (mmHg)") +
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
geom_label(x = 130, y = 115,
label = lm_eqn(lm(data = dataset_sbp_small,DBP ~ SBP)),
parse = TRUE,
family='serif',
size = 8, label.size = 0, color = "blue")
#rnorm(100, mean = 100, sd = 1)set.seed(1)
lm_result <- subset(dataset_sbp, row.names(dataset_sbp) %in% sample(x = 1:1000000, size = 1000)) %>%
lm(data = .,DBP ~ SBP) #%>% summary
d <- dataset_sbp_small
predict(lm_result)## 40 860 2079 2833 3328 8101 9101 9690
## 80.32245 59.43097 69.87671 64.65384 69.87671 75.62187 70.92129 75.09958
## 10581 10688 11260 13284 13824 15923 18144 19772
## 75.09958 84.50075 74.57729 69.87671 69.87671 79.27788 69.35442 75.09958
## 19974 20274 21060 21875 23233 23836 25066 25173
## 84.50075 64.65384 72.48815 74.05501 76.14416 85.54532 69.87671 81.36702
## 25393 26593 26946 27075 27219 27248 30302 33622
## 69.87671 74.05501 76.66644 69.87671 77.18873 72.48815 79.80016 78.23330
## 35540 39241 39248 40078 40336 43782 47932 49461
## 77.71102 77.71102 80.32245 64.65384 68.83214 64.65384 72.48815 78.23330
## 49762 51724 52617 52831 55016 55084 56659 56961
## 64.65384 75.09958 69.87671 80.32245 84.50075 72.48815 69.87671 75.09958
## 57635 57719 60016 61140 61565 62913 64250 64509
## 81.36702 79.80016 84.50075 80.32245 73.01043 69.87671 63.08698 83.45617
## 64924 65282 66394 67887 68834 69834 70567 70817
## 75.09958 72.48815 81.36702 80.32245 69.87671 72.48815 80.32245 82.93389
## 72009 72196 72386 72526 75328 76380 78071 80640
## 75.62187 69.87671 83.97846 64.65384 72.48815 82.93389 75.09958 78.75559
## 82735 82879 82963 83733 84804 85725 87081 88307
## 80.32245 81.88931 67.26528 87.63447 81.88931 80.32245 95.46877 69.87671
## 89578 90882 92293 92547 94615 95465 97397 99522
## 76.66644 76.14416 75.09958 80.32245 77.18873 77.71102 74.57729 71.96586
## 102516 104240 105054 106635 108457 109018 110856 112163
## 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245 76.14416 59.43097 74.05501 81.36702 101.21393
## 112229 112587 114104 114237 114677 114959 115757 116048
## 85.54532 75.09958 69.87671 62.04241 91.29048 72.48815 80.32245 64.65384
## 116308 116866 117577 118075 119273 119433 119923 122213
## 90.76819 70.39900 67.26528 92.33505 72.48815 69.87671 80.32245 62.04241
## 122902 124413 125178 125624 126856 131739 132653 133329
## 72.48815 81.36702 74.05501 69.35442 68.30985 82.93389 85.02303 80.32245
## 133402 135329 135948 136466 139537 139768 140281 141442
## 74.57729 69.87671 76.66644 80.32245 78.75559 85.02303 68.83214 76.66644
## 141544 141610 142064 143356 143741 145218 146809 147399
## 76.14416 75.09958 77.71102 75.09958 68.83214 85.54532 82.93389 69.87671
## 149205 150314 151277 152579 152694 156890 157137 157446
## 69.87671 69.87671 78.23330 77.71102 86.58989 73.53272 78.23330 75.09958
## 158141 158326 159350 163988 172429 177686 178253 178772
## 72.48815 74.05501 80.32245 75.09958 74.05501 83.45617 64.65384 75.09958
## 180571 181523 182355 182514 183990 184307 185659 186163
## 68.30985 83.45617 80.32245 80.32245 80.32245 88.67904 75.09958 75.09958
## 187228 187736 187738 187908 189544 189914 190472 191322
## 69.87671 80.32245 90.76819 78.23330 75.62187 80.32245 75.62187 78.23330
## 191420 191844 191941 192620 193198 194287 194985 195019
## 85.54532 77.71102 75.09958 80.32245 75.09958 74.57729 86.58989 74.05501
## 195763 197824 198981 199011 199156 199605 199653 199863
## 83.97846 74.05501 72.48815 77.71102 75.09958 75.09958 75.09958 80.32245
## 200224 201848 201868 202794 202844 203683 204401 204425
## 75.09958 80.32245 72.48815 81.88931 83.97846 85.54532 75.09958 73.53272
## 205424 206423 206793 207199 207722 208237 213241 213648
## 78.75559 79.27788 69.87671 58.90869 70.92129 84.50075 78.23330 75.09958
## 217198 217393 218458 219409 220658 222746 222987 224132
## 80.32245 75.09958 69.87671 85.54532 75.09958 105.91451 75.09958 69.87671
## 226401 227792 229283 229783 231513 231993 232929 233399
## 72.48815 69.87671 69.87671 71.96586 90.76819 69.87671 79.27788 81.36702
## 234512 235319 235324 235733 241097 241492 242126 242920
## 63.08698 59.95326 75.09958 64.13156 80.32245 77.18873 82.41160 74.57729
## 243604 244089 244149 244599 244929 245123 245234 245440
## 74.05501 69.35442 77.18873 72.48815 85.54532 69.87671 68.83214 75.09958
## 246420 246557 247870 248889 250328 250338 252559 254171
## 80.32245 75.09958 85.54532 80.32245 74.57729 77.18873 76.14416 80.32245
## 254807 255652 256005 258348 258672 260423 261630 262277
## 64.65384 85.54532 69.87671 75.09958 71.44357 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 266326 266945 267398 269344 270015 270131 270373 270757
## 80.32245 69.87671 81.36702 68.30985 79.80016 82.41160 82.41160 77.18873
## 270759 271122 272828 272960 273026 273901 274109 274476
## 82.93389 75.09958 80.32245 82.93389 69.87671 66.74299 68.30985 75.09958
## 274741 277769 278363 278929 279780 280277 280296 280684
## 75.09958 65.17613 80.32245 76.66644 80.84474 68.30985 87.63447 85.54532
## 281303 282624 283663 284450 284607 284971 287355 287515
## 83.45617 80.32245 66.22070 80.32245 71.96586 74.05501 72.48815 80.32245
## 287632 288270 289009 289233 290803 291302 291804 293096
## 69.87671 64.65384 87.11218 68.83214 101.21393 78.23330 85.54532 75.09958
## 294271 294762 295295 297664 298069 298470 299805 300562
## 90.76819 95.99106 76.66644 77.71102 80.32245 88.15675 64.65384 79.27788
## 302893 306519 307383 307491 307770 309839 310732 311515
## 80.32245 66.74299 64.65384 84.50075 75.62187 78.23330 75.62187 69.87671
## 314648 314684 317399 320737 321599 323079 323400 323743
## 76.14416 66.74299 81.88931 72.48815 67.78756 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 325425 325683 325772 325875 326028 327801 328614 329647
## 80.84474 90.76819 92.85734 81.36702 82.41160 78.23330 78.75559 75.09958
## 329838 330126 330672 332614 335666 335797 337390 339558
## 64.65384 80.32245 76.66644 77.71102 90.76819 83.97846 69.87671 76.66644
## 339605 340545 342345 342435 343063 343076 344477 345465
## 70.39900 67.26528 75.62187 76.66644 81.88931 75.09958 77.18873 80.84474
## 349071 349464 349667 350290 350967 351987 352453 353032
## 84.50075 75.09958 69.87671 78.75559 70.39900 68.83214 83.45617 99.64707
## 353239 353395 353615 353924 354634 355278 355409 355569
## 71.44357 74.57729 85.02303 76.14416 67.78756 69.87671 85.54532 80.32245
## 356658 360556 361907 362107 363549 364335 367325 367816
## 75.09958 80.32245 82.41160 75.62187 84.50075 80.32245 98.08021 85.02303
## 369216 369951 372024 374357 374376 375337 376616 377259
## 69.87671 69.87671 71.96586 69.87671 77.71102 75.09958 81.88931 88.15675
## 379221 379645 380990 383094 383280 383457 384121 385695
## 73.53272 79.80016 79.27788 85.54532 80.32245 96.51335 76.66644 80.32245
## 386378 386865 388544 389165 389870 390295 391541 392686
## 69.87671 78.23330 82.93389 78.23330 68.83214 77.71102 80.32245 66.74299
## 392907 393433 393860 394589 395500 396918 397529 397853
## 68.30985 69.87671 67.26528 65.69842 71.44357 76.14416 64.65384 69.35442
## 398400 398794 399073 399654 400595 402629 404621 405447
## 80.84474 88.15675 80.32245 69.87671 68.83214 88.67904 83.45617 88.15675
## 405615 407152 407934 408218 408841 410136 410373 410619
## 82.41160 74.05501 80.32245 86.06761 80.32245 69.87671 93.90191 77.18873
## 411619 411736 411950 413666 414539 415102 415342 416409
## 90.76819 73.53272 85.54532 83.97846 82.41160 75.62187 68.83214 70.92129
## 416639 418382 419668 419837 421625 421789 423432 423623
## 74.05501 80.32245 85.54532 64.65384 81.88931 76.14416 75.09958 86.58989
## 423671 424504 425661 426085 426468 427822 428466 428527
## 85.54532 80.32245 91.81276 82.93389 74.57729 89.20133 62.56469 75.09958
## 428648 428662 431183 432180 432249 432433 434349 435668
## 75.62187 63.08698 75.09958 75.09958 88.15675 74.57729 69.87671 83.97846
## 436441 436523 436689 437876 438183 438887 439173 439680
## 80.32245 74.05501 88.15675 89.20133 74.57729 76.66644 72.48815 80.84474
## 440057 440644 441175 444009 444521 445469 448431 448469
## 84.50075 82.41160 79.80016 76.66644 65.69842 68.30985 69.87671 75.09958
## 448893 449499 450108 451002 452346 452426 452582 452737
## 86.58989 75.09958 75.09958 85.02303 79.27788 82.41160 79.80016 65.69842
## 452868 454334 454474 454487 455267 455708 455727 456614
## 77.71102 92.85734 80.84474 83.97846 72.48815 64.65384 75.09958 78.75559
## 460180 461867 462594 463600 466326 466643 466883 467838
## 81.88931 63.60927 82.41160 74.05501 77.71102 80.32245 77.71102 80.32245
## 469264 469451 470475 471355 472262 473588 474796 475895
## 75.09958 90.76819 91.29048 70.39900 79.80016 84.50075 89.20133 75.09958
## 478281 478998 480184 481033 483479 483609 485346 486677
## 72.48815 81.36702 90.76819 80.32245 78.23330 90.76819 74.05501 75.09958
## 487961 489926 491075 492185 492742 493226 493775 494128
## 85.54532 69.87671 80.32245 80.32245 75.62187 83.45617 88.15675 69.87671
## 494295 494643 496651 496664 497731 498713 499006 500558
## 84.50075 84.50075 83.45617 75.09958 92.33505 80.32245 75.09958 73.01043
## 501025 503989 504810 505569 509008 512466 512682 513103
## 74.05501 89.20133 69.87671 80.32245 74.57729 64.65384 72.48815 72.48815
## 513574 513589 514488 519386 519810 520521 522004 522900
## 66.22070 70.39900 72.48815 64.65384 75.09958 71.96586 78.75559 80.32245
## 528151 528646 529389 530505 530807 531419 531848 533078
## 75.09958 73.53272 63.60927 60.47555 75.09958 69.87671 62.04241 69.87671
## 533680 535053 535384 536492 538170 538191 539359 540271
## 64.65384 64.13156 75.09958 75.09958 75.62187 65.17613 59.43097 66.74299
## 541375 542107 542622 543223 543272 543798 546839 547255
## 69.87671 67.78756 70.39900 64.13156 60.99783 74.05501 69.87671 75.09958
## 548676 549099 549536 549593 549658 550296 551009 551704
## 63.08698 75.09958 69.87671 64.65384 73.01043 74.57729 75.09958 64.65384
## 551828 552369 552742 553104 553266 553464 553593 554901
## 72.48815 64.13156 75.09958 66.74299 69.87671 58.38640 74.05501 59.43097
## 555099 556729 557442 557777 559352 559897 561686 563846
## 66.22070 74.05501 59.43097 64.65384 62.56469 59.43097 69.87671 69.87671
## 565265 565896 566239 566501 566946 568578 569687 570474
## 59.43097 72.48815 59.43097 59.95326 59.43097 80.32245 71.44357 69.87671
## 571062 571400 573720 574861 575199 575901 578731 580256
## 59.43097 77.71102 69.87671 75.09958 60.47555 77.18873 74.57729 72.48815
## 581354 581586 581587 582094 582793 582881 582949 582972
## 60.99783 69.87671 75.09958 82.93389 75.09958 69.87671 71.44357 68.30985
## 583207 583412 586086 592097 593242 594078 594148 594650
## 70.92129 69.87671 67.26528 59.43097 73.01043 64.65384 73.01043 63.60927
## 596642 597878 599898 600621 601484 603012 603175 604328
## 59.43097 69.35442 71.96586 64.13156 70.39900 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 604546 604721 607473 607695 608739 609255 609941 610817
## 80.32245 81.88931 59.43097 75.09958 73.53272 58.38640 75.62187 74.05501
## 612648 614892 615010 615179 615610 615852 616487 617022
## 75.09958 75.62187 74.05501 79.80016 75.09958 77.18873 87.63447 71.96586
## 617427 620972 621100 621647 622304 623203 623256 623311
## 77.71102 66.22070 78.75559 64.65384 67.26528 67.26528 90.76819 75.09958
## 623379 623558 624827 624859 624877 626339 626656 628865
## 73.53272 72.48815 64.65384 59.43097 64.65384 77.71102 68.83214 75.62187
## 629021 629118 631951 632230 632936 634164 634243 635424
## 68.83214 74.05501 75.09958 63.60927 74.57729 69.35442 77.18873 59.43097
## 637824 638070 639078 639481 639803 640775 640847 641592
## 69.87671 69.87671 58.90869 79.80016 69.87671 75.09958 71.96586 64.65384
## 643273 643450 644581 645269 646071 648205 649606 650654
## 80.32245 65.17613 69.87671 80.32245 80.32245 67.78756 69.87671 79.27788
## 650724 652092 652456 655260 655325 658742 659693 659971
## 80.32245 64.65384 72.48815 78.75559 69.87671 69.87671 75.09958 73.01043
## 660109 660226 660411 660421 662703 663771 664113 664305
## 69.87671 75.09958 71.96586 80.84474 67.26528 67.78756 77.18873 64.65384
## 664966 665746 666518 666931 667772 670539 671683 672361
## 71.96586 59.43097 75.09958 69.87671 78.75559 72.48815 63.08698 64.65384
## 672394 673002 673666 673958 674243 675793 676909 679048
## 69.87671 62.56469 64.65384 80.32245 82.93389 66.74299 69.35442 77.18873
## 680322 680371 681044 681973 683088 684114 684749 685057
## 64.65384 68.30985 70.39900 80.32245 69.87671 68.30985 75.09958 80.32245
## 685609 686669 689828 691700 692203 696063 697864 699480
## 83.97846 74.05501 62.56469 65.69842 73.01043 64.65384 78.23330 76.66644
## 699713 702796 703226 706682 707304 708495 708858 709002
## 74.05501 67.26528 67.78756 66.22070 79.80016 82.41160 62.04241 88.67904
## 709701 712333 712935 713183 716054 716985 717840 719491
## 79.80016 68.83214 78.75559 80.32245 85.02303 74.57729 75.09958 75.09958
## 720559 722698 723376 723580 724693 724958 725260 725792
## 81.36702 81.88931 90.76819 72.48815 70.92129 72.48815 69.87671 64.65384
## 725920 728157 730279 731592 731595 734836 735226 740534
## 68.30985 75.09958 75.09958 84.50075 73.01043 75.09958 77.71102 75.09958
## 741598 742428 744044 744780 746545 748376 749172 749441
## 59.95326 68.30985 69.87671 75.09958 69.87671 69.87671 82.93389 69.87671
## 750566 750643 751015 751222 753567 754126 754156 755485
## 85.54532 84.50075 75.09958 81.36702 75.09958 64.65384 69.87671 85.02303
## 755825 757027 759436 759978 760319 760604 761472 763059
## 72.48815 72.48815 81.36702 78.75559 59.43097 65.17613 65.17613 63.60927
## 763476 765961 766506 767344 772628 774120 774654 777943
## 67.26528 69.87671 75.09958 67.26528 75.09958 68.83214 80.32245 78.23330
## 781300 781562 782040 782254 782814 783912 784477 785622
## 62.04241 75.09958 77.18873 80.32245 69.87671 75.09958 67.26528 90.76819
## 786175 788672 788744 788995 790192 790718 791022 794408
## 80.32245 75.09958 85.54532 64.65384 80.32245 80.84474 75.09958 80.32245
## 795138 795213 796438 796670 797751 798286 798561 799670
## 74.05501 64.65384 79.80016 85.54532 80.32245 75.09958 74.05501 75.09958
## 799731 800034 800405 800724 801305 802137 802153 803041
## 81.36702 80.32245 65.17613 85.54532 69.87671 75.09958 82.93389 69.87671
## 804058 804340 804633 808510 809119 810882 813308 813849
## 58.90869 83.45617 67.26528 80.32245 71.44357 80.32245 87.11218 59.43097
## 814940 815173 817918 818763 819964 820315 820976 822237
## 69.87671 74.05501 64.65384 76.14416 69.87671 80.32245 72.48815 63.60927
## 824963 828659 829322 830434 831039 831628 832640 832860
## 64.65384 70.92129 72.48815 74.57729 74.57729 71.44357 80.32245 75.09958
## 833417 836037 836154 837550 839249 840317 840355 840921
## 82.93389 85.54532 75.09958 101.21393 68.30985 75.09958 69.87671 75.09958
## 841982 843644 844116 845368 847715 847932 849861 852036
## 69.87671 76.14416 80.32245 75.09958 68.83214 73.53272 85.54532 89.20133
## 853638 854376 854537 854839 856018 856580 857441 859114
## 73.01043 67.26528 67.26528 84.50075 80.32245 71.96586 70.39900 75.09958
## 859726 860373 862116 862239 862809 863397 863568 864269
## 85.54532 71.96586 75.09958 74.57729 69.87671 82.93389 75.09958 85.02303
## 865039 866582 868599 868925 870003 870459 871932 872166
## 77.71102 80.32245 80.32245 82.93389 77.18873 64.65384 60.47555 72.48815
## 872562 874266 877029 877127 877213 877216 879055 879732
## 72.48815 82.93389 82.41160 80.32245 80.84474 80.32245 80.84474 80.84474
## 880609 880969 881323 882730 883492 884079 884667 885774
## 89.72362 80.32245 82.93389 75.09958 69.87671 75.09958 78.75559 70.92129
## 885793 886526 888334 888843 889136 889466 889770 892155
## 76.14416 75.09958 86.06761 85.02303 85.54532 75.09958 68.30985 83.97846
## 892826 894694 896065 897272 899182 902039 902967 906473
## 83.97846 90.76819 64.65384 75.09958 90.76819 75.09958 76.14416 85.54532
## 906533 906966 906982 909396 909813 912068 914565 915189
## 74.05501 85.54532 76.66644 80.32245 71.96586 72.48815 71.44357 69.87671
## 917162 917266 920300 921297 922894 923852 924067 926248
## 74.05501 75.09958 81.36702 75.09958 95.99106 94.42420 77.18873 80.32245
## 926850 928274 928311 928871 930510 933286 933295 936746
## 80.32245 85.54532 75.09958 85.02303 80.32245 87.11218 82.41160 79.80016
## 937226 939175 939346 942957 946191 946436 948266 948433
## 63.60927 90.76819 82.93389 75.09958 83.97846 80.32245 77.71102 75.09958
## 948469 948838 950491 952293 953748 955052 955668 956853
## 80.32245 75.09958 80.32245 90.76819 90.76819 80.32245 71.96586 85.02303
## 957061 958446 958885 961313 961791 962611 962826 964168
## 75.09958 85.54532 87.11218 93.90191 69.87671 75.09958 72.48815 88.15675
## 965524 965818 969045 969197 969856 973171 973696 974688
## 75.09958 90.76819 78.75559 90.76819 85.54532 85.54532 75.09958 76.14416
## 974863 977541 977933 978498 979692 980091 980460 980636
## 64.65384 80.32245 80.32245 90.76819 80.32245 80.32245 80.32245 85.54532
## 980891 982457 982642 983739 983784 984342 984966 985305
## 80.32245 78.23330 69.35442 80.32245 84.50075 80.32245 80.84474 75.09958
## 985851 986356 986466 988197 988235 988886 989279 989803
## 82.41160 69.87671 75.09958 76.66644 80.32245 95.99106 80.32245 75.09958
## 990608 991130 991208 991466 993084 993722 994604 999950
## 85.54532 82.93389 79.27788 101.21393 90.24590 79.27788 80.32245 80.32245predict(object = lm_result)## 40 860 2079 2833 3328 8101 9101 9690
## 80.32245 59.43097 69.87671 64.65384 69.87671 75.62187 70.92129 75.09958
## 10581 10688 11260 13284 13824 15923 18144 19772
## 75.09958 84.50075 74.57729 69.87671 69.87671 79.27788 69.35442 75.09958
## 19974 20274 21060 21875 23233 23836 25066 25173
## 84.50075 64.65384 72.48815 74.05501 76.14416 85.54532 69.87671 81.36702
## 25393 26593 26946 27075 27219 27248 30302 33622
## 69.87671 74.05501 76.66644 69.87671 77.18873 72.48815 79.80016 78.23330
## 35540 39241 39248 40078 40336 43782 47932 49461
## 77.71102 77.71102 80.32245 64.65384 68.83214 64.65384 72.48815 78.23330
## 49762 51724 52617 52831 55016 55084 56659 56961
## 64.65384 75.09958 69.87671 80.32245 84.50075 72.48815 69.87671 75.09958
## 57635 57719 60016 61140 61565 62913 64250 64509
## 81.36702 79.80016 84.50075 80.32245 73.01043 69.87671 63.08698 83.45617
## 64924 65282 66394 67887 68834 69834 70567 70817
## 75.09958 72.48815 81.36702 80.32245 69.87671 72.48815 80.32245 82.93389
## 72009 72196 72386 72526 75328 76380 78071 80640
## 75.62187 69.87671 83.97846 64.65384 72.48815 82.93389 75.09958 78.75559
## 82735 82879 82963 83733 84804 85725 87081 88307
## 80.32245 81.88931 67.26528 87.63447 81.88931 80.32245 95.46877 69.87671
## 89578 90882 92293 92547 94615 95465 97397 99522
## 76.66644 76.14416 75.09958 80.32245 77.18873 77.71102 74.57729 71.96586
## 102516 104240 105054 106635 108457 109018 110856 112163
## 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245 76.14416 59.43097 74.05501 81.36702 101.21393
## 112229 112587 114104 114237 114677 114959 115757 116048
## 85.54532 75.09958 69.87671 62.04241 91.29048 72.48815 80.32245 64.65384
## 116308 116866 117577 118075 119273 119433 119923 122213
## 90.76819 70.39900 67.26528 92.33505 72.48815 69.87671 80.32245 62.04241
## 122902 124413 125178 125624 126856 131739 132653 133329
## 72.48815 81.36702 74.05501 69.35442 68.30985 82.93389 85.02303 80.32245
## 133402 135329 135948 136466 139537 139768 140281 141442
## 74.57729 69.87671 76.66644 80.32245 78.75559 85.02303 68.83214 76.66644
## 141544 141610 142064 143356 143741 145218 146809 147399
## 76.14416 75.09958 77.71102 75.09958 68.83214 85.54532 82.93389 69.87671
## 149205 150314 151277 152579 152694 156890 157137 157446
## 69.87671 69.87671 78.23330 77.71102 86.58989 73.53272 78.23330 75.09958
## 158141 158326 159350 163988 172429 177686 178253 178772
## 72.48815 74.05501 80.32245 75.09958 74.05501 83.45617 64.65384 75.09958
## 180571 181523 182355 182514 183990 184307 185659 186163
## 68.30985 83.45617 80.32245 80.32245 80.32245 88.67904 75.09958 75.09958
## 187228 187736 187738 187908 189544 189914 190472 191322
## 69.87671 80.32245 90.76819 78.23330 75.62187 80.32245 75.62187 78.23330
## 191420 191844 191941 192620 193198 194287 194985 195019
## 85.54532 77.71102 75.09958 80.32245 75.09958 74.57729 86.58989 74.05501
## 195763 197824 198981 199011 199156 199605 199653 199863
## 83.97846 74.05501 72.48815 77.71102 75.09958 75.09958 75.09958 80.32245
## 200224 201848 201868 202794 202844 203683 204401 204425
## 75.09958 80.32245 72.48815 81.88931 83.97846 85.54532 75.09958 73.53272
## 205424 206423 206793 207199 207722 208237 213241 213648
## 78.75559 79.27788 69.87671 58.90869 70.92129 84.50075 78.23330 75.09958
## 217198 217393 218458 219409 220658 222746 222987 224132
## 80.32245 75.09958 69.87671 85.54532 75.09958 105.91451 75.09958 69.87671
## 226401 227792 229283 229783 231513 231993 232929 233399
## 72.48815 69.87671 69.87671 71.96586 90.76819 69.87671 79.27788 81.36702
## 234512 235319 235324 235733 241097 241492 242126 242920
## 63.08698 59.95326 75.09958 64.13156 80.32245 77.18873 82.41160 74.57729
## 243604 244089 244149 244599 244929 245123 245234 245440
## 74.05501 69.35442 77.18873 72.48815 85.54532 69.87671 68.83214 75.09958
## 246420 246557 247870 248889 250328 250338 252559 254171
## 80.32245 75.09958 85.54532 80.32245 74.57729 77.18873 76.14416 80.32245
## 254807 255652 256005 258348 258672 260423 261630 262277
## 64.65384 85.54532 69.87671 75.09958 71.44357 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 266326 266945 267398 269344 270015 270131 270373 270757
## 80.32245 69.87671 81.36702 68.30985 79.80016 82.41160 82.41160 77.18873
## 270759 271122 272828 272960 273026 273901 274109 274476
## 82.93389 75.09958 80.32245 82.93389 69.87671 66.74299 68.30985 75.09958
## 274741 277769 278363 278929 279780 280277 280296 280684
## 75.09958 65.17613 80.32245 76.66644 80.84474 68.30985 87.63447 85.54532
## 281303 282624 283663 284450 284607 284971 287355 287515
## 83.45617 80.32245 66.22070 80.32245 71.96586 74.05501 72.48815 80.32245
## 287632 288270 289009 289233 290803 291302 291804 293096
## 69.87671 64.65384 87.11218 68.83214 101.21393 78.23330 85.54532 75.09958
## 294271 294762 295295 297664 298069 298470 299805 300562
## 90.76819 95.99106 76.66644 77.71102 80.32245 88.15675 64.65384 79.27788
## 302893 306519 307383 307491 307770 309839 310732 311515
## 80.32245 66.74299 64.65384 84.50075 75.62187 78.23330 75.62187 69.87671
## 314648 314684 317399 320737 321599 323079 323400 323743
## 76.14416 66.74299 81.88931 72.48815 67.78756 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 325425 325683 325772 325875 326028 327801 328614 329647
## 80.84474 90.76819 92.85734 81.36702 82.41160 78.23330 78.75559 75.09958
## 329838 330126 330672 332614 335666 335797 337390 339558
## 64.65384 80.32245 76.66644 77.71102 90.76819 83.97846 69.87671 76.66644
## 339605 340545 342345 342435 343063 343076 344477 345465
## 70.39900 67.26528 75.62187 76.66644 81.88931 75.09958 77.18873 80.84474
## 349071 349464 349667 350290 350967 351987 352453 353032
## 84.50075 75.09958 69.87671 78.75559 70.39900 68.83214 83.45617 99.64707
## 353239 353395 353615 353924 354634 355278 355409 355569
## 71.44357 74.57729 85.02303 76.14416 67.78756 69.87671 85.54532 80.32245
## 356658 360556 361907 362107 363549 364335 367325 367816
## 75.09958 80.32245 82.41160 75.62187 84.50075 80.32245 98.08021 85.02303
## 369216 369951 372024 374357 374376 375337 376616 377259
## 69.87671 69.87671 71.96586 69.87671 77.71102 75.09958 81.88931 88.15675
## 379221 379645 380990 383094 383280 383457 384121 385695
## 73.53272 79.80016 79.27788 85.54532 80.32245 96.51335 76.66644 80.32245
## 386378 386865 388544 389165 389870 390295 391541 392686
## 69.87671 78.23330 82.93389 78.23330 68.83214 77.71102 80.32245 66.74299
## 392907 393433 393860 394589 395500 396918 397529 397853
## 68.30985 69.87671 67.26528 65.69842 71.44357 76.14416 64.65384 69.35442
## 398400 398794 399073 399654 400595 402629 404621 405447
## 80.84474 88.15675 80.32245 69.87671 68.83214 88.67904 83.45617 88.15675
## 405615 407152 407934 408218 408841 410136 410373 410619
## 82.41160 74.05501 80.32245 86.06761 80.32245 69.87671 93.90191 77.18873
## 411619 411736 411950 413666 414539 415102 415342 416409
## 90.76819 73.53272 85.54532 83.97846 82.41160 75.62187 68.83214 70.92129
## 416639 418382 419668 419837 421625 421789 423432 423623
## 74.05501 80.32245 85.54532 64.65384 81.88931 76.14416 75.09958 86.58989
## 423671 424504 425661 426085 426468 427822 428466 428527
## 85.54532 80.32245 91.81276 82.93389 74.57729 89.20133 62.56469 75.09958
## 428648 428662 431183 432180 432249 432433 434349 435668
## 75.62187 63.08698 75.09958 75.09958 88.15675 74.57729 69.87671 83.97846
## 436441 436523 436689 437876 438183 438887 439173 439680
## 80.32245 74.05501 88.15675 89.20133 74.57729 76.66644 72.48815 80.84474
## 440057 440644 441175 444009 444521 445469 448431 448469
## 84.50075 82.41160 79.80016 76.66644 65.69842 68.30985 69.87671 75.09958
## 448893 449499 450108 451002 452346 452426 452582 452737
## 86.58989 75.09958 75.09958 85.02303 79.27788 82.41160 79.80016 65.69842
## 452868 454334 454474 454487 455267 455708 455727 456614
## 77.71102 92.85734 80.84474 83.97846 72.48815 64.65384 75.09958 78.75559
## 460180 461867 462594 463600 466326 466643 466883 467838
## 81.88931 63.60927 82.41160 74.05501 77.71102 80.32245 77.71102 80.32245
## 469264 469451 470475 471355 472262 473588 474796 475895
## 75.09958 90.76819 91.29048 70.39900 79.80016 84.50075 89.20133 75.09958
## 478281 478998 480184 481033 483479 483609 485346 486677
## 72.48815 81.36702 90.76819 80.32245 78.23330 90.76819 74.05501 75.09958
## 487961 489926 491075 492185 492742 493226 493775 494128
## 85.54532 69.87671 80.32245 80.32245 75.62187 83.45617 88.15675 69.87671
## 494295 494643 496651 496664 497731 498713 499006 500558
## 84.50075 84.50075 83.45617 75.09958 92.33505 80.32245 75.09958 73.01043
## 501025 503989 504810 505569 509008 512466 512682 513103
## 74.05501 89.20133 69.87671 80.32245 74.57729 64.65384 72.48815 72.48815
## 513574 513589 514488 519386 519810 520521 522004 522900
## 66.22070 70.39900 72.48815 64.65384 75.09958 71.96586 78.75559 80.32245
## 528151 528646 529389 530505 530807 531419 531848 533078
## 75.09958 73.53272 63.60927 60.47555 75.09958 69.87671 62.04241 69.87671
## 533680 535053 535384 536492 538170 538191 539359 540271
## 64.65384 64.13156 75.09958 75.09958 75.62187 65.17613 59.43097 66.74299
## 541375 542107 542622 543223 543272 543798 546839 547255
## 69.87671 67.78756 70.39900 64.13156 60.99783 74.05501 69.87671 75.09958
## 548676 549099 549536 549593 549658 550296 551009 551704
## 63.08698 75.09958 69.87671 64.65384 73.01043 74.57729 75.09958 64.65384
## 551828 552369 552742 553104 553266 553464 553593 554901
## 72.48815 64.13156 75.09958 66.74299 69.87671 58.38640 74.05501 59.43097
## 555099 556729 557442 557777 559352 559897 561686 563846
## 66.22070 74.05501 59.43097 64.65384 62.56469 59.43097 69.87671 69.87671
## 565265 565896 566239 566501 566946 568578 569687 570474
## 59.43097 72.48815 59.43097 59.95326 59.43097 80.32245 71.44357 69.87671
## 571062 571400 573720 574861 575199 575901 578731 580256
## 59.43097 77.71102 69.87671 75.09958 60.47555 77.18873 74.57729 72.48815
## 581354 581586 581587 582094 582793 582881 582949 582972
## 60.99783 69.87671 75.09958 82.93389 75.09958 69.87671 71.44357 68.30985
## 583207 583412 586086 592097 593242 594078 594148 594650
## 70.92129 69.87671 67.26528 59.43097 73.01043 64.65384 73.01043 63.60927
## 596642 597878 599898 600621 601484 603012 603175 604328
## 59.43097 69.35442 71.96586 64.13156 70.39900 69.87671 69.87671 80.32245
## 604546 604721 607473 607695 608739 609255 609941 610817
## 80.32245 81.88931 59.43097 75.09958 73.53272 58.38640 75.62187 74.05501
## 612648 614892 615010 615179 615610 615852 616487 617022
## 75.09958 75.62187 74.05501 79.80016 75.09958 77.18873 87.63447 71.96586
## 617427 620972 621100 621647 622304 623203 623256 623311
## 77.71102 66.22070 78.75559 64.65384 67.26528 67.26528 90.76819 75.09958
## 623379 623558 624827 624859 624877 626339 626656 628865
## 73.53272 72.48815 64.65384 59.43097 64.65384 77.71102 68.83214 75.62187
## 629021 629118 631951 632230 632936 634164 634243 635424
## 68.83214 74.05501 75.09958 63.60927 74.57729 69.35442 77.18873 59.43097
## 637824 638070 639078 639481 639803 640775 640847 641592
## 69.87671 69.87671 58.90869 79.80016 69.87671 75.09958 71.96586 64.65384
## 643273 643450 644581 645269 646071 648205 649606 650654
## 80.32245 65.17613 69.87671 80.32245 80.32245 67.78756 69.87671 79.27788
## 650724 652092 652456 655260 655325 658742 659693 659971
## 80.32245 64.65384 72.48815 78.75559 69.87671 69.87671 75.09958 73.01043
## 660109 660226 660411 660421 662703 663771 664113 664305
## 69.87671 75.09958 71.96586 80.84474 67.26528 67.78756 77.18873 64.65384
## 664966 665746 666518 666931 667772 670539 671683 672361
## 71.96586 59.43097 75.09958 69.87671 78.75559 72.48815 63.08698 64.65384
## 672394 673002 673666 673958 674243 675793 676909 679048
## 69.87671 62.56469 64.65384 80.32245 82.93389 66.74299 69.35442 77.18873
## 680322 680371 681044 681973 683088 684114 684749 685057
## 64.65384 68.30985 70.39900 80.32245 69.87671 68.30985 75.09958 80.32245
## 685609 686669 689828 691700 692203 696063 697864 699480
## 83.97846 74.05501 62.56469 65.69842 73.01043 64.65384 78.23330 76.66644
## 699713 702796 703226 706682 707304 708495 708858 709002
## 74.05501 67.26528 67.78756 66.22070 79.80016 82.41160 62.04241 88.67904
## 709701 712333 712935 713183 716054 716985 717840 719491
## 79.80016 68.83214 78.75559 80.32245 85.02303 74.57729 75.09958 75.09958
## 720559 722698 723376 723580 724693 724958 725260 725792
## 81.36702 81.88931 90.76819 72.48815 70.92129 72.48815 69.87671 64.65384
## 725920 728157 730279 731592 731595 734836 735226 740534
## 68.30985 75.09958 75.09958 84.50075 73.01043 75.09958 77.71102 75.09958
## 741598 742428 744044 744780 746545 748376 749172 749441
## 59.95326 68.30985 69.87671 75.09958 69.87671 69.87671 82.93389 69.87671
## 750566 750643 751015 751222 753567 754126 754156 755485
## 85.54532 84.50075 75.09958 81.36702 75.09958 64.65384 69.87671 85.02303
## 755825 757027 759436 759978 760319 760604 761472 763059
## 72.48815 72.48815 81.36702 78.75559 59.43097 65.17613 65.17613 63.60927
## 763476 765961 766506 767344 772628 774120 774654 777943
## 67.26528 69.87671 75.09958 67.26528 75.09958 68.83214 80.32245 78.23330
## 781300 781562 782040 782254 782814 783912 784477 785622
## 62.04241 75.09958 77.18873 80.32245 69.87671 75.09958 67.26528 90.76819
## 786175 788672 788744 788995 790192 790718 791022 794408
## 80.32245 75.09958 85.54532 64.65384 80.32245 80.84474 75.09958 80.32245
## 795138 795213 796438 796670 797751 798286 798561 799670
## 74.05501 64.65384 79.80016 85.54532 80.32245 75.09958 74.05501 75.09958
## 799731 800034 800405 800724 801305 802137 802153 803041
## 81.36702 80.32245 65.17613 85.54532 69.87671 75.09958 82.93389 69.87671
## 804058 804340 804633 808510 809119 810882 813308 813849
## 58.90869 83.45617 67.26528 80.32245 71.44357 80.32245 87.11218 59.43097
## 814940 815173 817918 818763 819964 820315 820976 822237
## 69.87671 74.05501 64.65384 76.14416 69.87671 80.32245 72.48815 63.60927
## 824963 828659 829322 830434 831039 831628 832640 832860
## 64.65384 70.92129 72.48815 74.57729 74.57729 71.44357 80.32245 75.09958
## 833417 836037 836154 837550 839249 840317 840355 840921
## 82.93389 85.54532 75.09958 101.21393 68.30985 75.09958 69.87671 75.09958
## 841982 843644 844116 845368 847715 847932 849861 852036
## 69.87671 76.14416 80.32245 75.09958 68.83214 73.53272 85.54532 89.20133
## 853638 854376 854537 854839 856018 856580 857441 859114
## 73.01043 67.26528 67.26528 84.50075 80.32245 71.96586 70.39900 75.09958
## 859726 860373 862116 862239 862809 863397 863568 864269
## 85.54532 71.96586 75.09958 74.57729 69.87671 82.93389 75.09958 85.02303
## 865039 866582 868599 868925 870003 870459 871932 872166
## 77.71102 80.32245 80.32245 82.93389 77.18873 64.65384 60.47555 72.48815
## 872562 874266 877029 877127 877213 877216 879055 879732
## 72.48815 82.93389 82.41160 80.32245 80.84474 80.32245 80.84474 80.84474
## 880609 880969 881323 882730 883492 884079 884667 885774
## 89.72362 80.32245 82.93389 75.09958 69.87671 75.09958 78.75559 70.92129
## 885793 886526 888334 888843 889136 889466 889770 892155
## 76.14416 75.09958 86.06761 85.02303 85.54532 75.09958 68.30985 83.97846
## 892826 894694 896065 897272 899182 902039 902967 906473
## 83.97846 90.76819 64.65384 75.09958 90.76819 75.09958 76.14416 85.54532
## 906533 906966 906982 909396 909813 912068 914565 915189
## 74.05501 85.54532 76.66644 80.32245 71.96586 72.48815 71.44357 69.87671
## 917162 917266 920300 921297 922894 923852 924067 926248
## 74.05501 75.09958 81.36702 75.09958 95.99106 94.42420 77.18873 80.32245
## 926850 928274 928311 928871 930510 933286 933295 936746
## 80.32245 85.54532 75.09958 85.02303 80.32245 87.11218 82.41160 79.80016
## 937226 939175 939346 942957 946191 946436 948266 948433
## 63.60927 90.76819 82.93389 75.09958 83.97846 80.32245 77.71102 75.09958
## 948469 948838 950491 952293 953748 955052 955668 956853
## 80.32245 75.09958 80.32245 90.76819 90.76819 80.32245 71.96586 85.02303
## 957061 958446 958885 961313 961791 962611 962826 964168
## 75.09958 85.54532 87.11218 93.90191 69.87671 75.09958 72.48815 88.15675
## 965524 965818 969045 969197 969856 973171 973696 974688
## 75.09958 90.76819 78.75559 90.76819 85.54532 85.54532 75.09958 76.14416
## 974863 977541 977933 978498 979692 980091 980460 980636
## 64.65384 80.32245 80.32245 90.76819 80.32245 80.32245 80.32245 85.54532
## 980891 982457 982642 983739 983784 984342 984966 985305
## 80.32245 78.23330 69.35442 80.32245 84.50075 80.32245 80.84474 75.09958
## 985851 986356 986466 988197 988235 988886 989279 989803
## 82.41160 69.87671 75.09958 76.66644 80.32245 95.99106 80.32245 75.09958
## 990608 991130 991208 991466 993084 993722 994604 999950
## 85.54532 82.93389 79.27788 101.21393 90.24590 79.27788 80.32245 80.32245d$predicted <- lm_result$fitted.values
d$residuals <- residuals(lm_result)
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(d, aes(x = SBP, y = DBP)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, color = "blue") + # Plot regression slope
geom_segment(aes(xend = SBP, yend = predicted), alpha = .2) + # alpha to fade lines
geom_point() +
theme_classic( base_family = "serif", base_size = 20) +
geom_label(x = 130, y = 115,
label = lm_eqn(lm(data = dataset_sbp_small,DBP ~ SBP)),
parse = TRUE,
family='serif',
size = 8, label.size = 0, color = "blue")
Data with binary variable
ggplot(data = dataset_sbp_small, aes(x = as.factor(SEX), y = SBP)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_classic(base_size = 20, base_family = "serif") +
scale_x_discrete(breaks=c("1", "2"),
labels=c("Male", "Female")) +
xlab("Gender") +
ylab("SBP (mmHg)")
ggplot(data = dataset_sbp_small, aes(x = as.factor(SEX), y = SBP)) +
geom_point() +
theme_classic( base_family = "serif", base_size = 20) +
scale_x_discrete(breaks=c("1", "2"),
labels=c("Male", "Female")) +
xlab("Gender") +
ylab("SBP (mmHg)") +
geom_smooth(method = "lm")
dataset_sbp_small <- dataset_sbp_small %>%
mutate(Gender = ifelse(dataset_sbp_small$SEX == 1, 0, 1))
dataset_sbp_small %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Gender, y = SBP)) +
geom_point() +
#scale_x_discrete(breaks=c("1", "2"),
# labels=c("Male", "Female")) +
xlab("Gender (0 = Male, 1 = Female)") +
ylab("SBP (mmHg)") +
geom_smooth(method = "lm") +
geom_label(x = 0.5, y = 140,
label = lm_eqn(lm(data = dataset_sbp_small, SBP ~ Gender)),
parse = TRUE,
family='serif',
size = 8, label.size = 0, color = "blue") +
theme_classic(base_family = "serif", base_size = 20)
#theme(text = element_blank())
#stat_poly_eq(use_label(c("eq", "R2"))) +lm(data = dataset_sbp_small, SBP ~ Gender) %>% summary##
## Call:
## lm(formula = SBP ~ Gender, data = dataset_sbp_small)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -34.779 -8.779 0.221 10.221 55.221
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 123.7795 0.6365 194.46 < 2e-16 ***
## Gender -5.0921 0.9159 -5.56 3.47e-08 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 14.47 on 998 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.03004, Adjusted R-squared: 0.02907
## F-statistic: 30.91 on 1 and 998 DF, p-value: 3.47e-08t.test(SBP ~ Gender, data = dataset_sbp_small, paired = F, var.equal = F) # Extract the confidence interval ##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: SBP by Gender
## t = 5.5455, df = 978.21, p-value = 3.77e-08
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group 0 and group 1 is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## 3.290184 6.894069
## sample estimates:
## mean in group 0 mean in group 1
## 123.7795 118.6874t.test(SBP ~ Gender, data = dataset_sbp_small, paired = F, var.equal = F)$est[1] - t.test(SBP ~ Gender, data = dataset_sbp_small, paired = F, var.equal = F)$est[2]## mean in group 0
## 5.092126Data with categorical variable
ggplot(data = dataset_sbp_small, aes(x = as.factor(DIS), y = SBP)) +
geom_boxplot() +
theme_classic( base_family = "serif", base_size = 20) +
xlab("Hypertension and diabete history") +
ylab("SBP (mmHg)") 
lm(SBP ~ as.factor(DIS), data = dataset_sbp_small) %>% summary##
## Call:
## lm(formula = SBP ~ as.factor(DIS), data = dataset_sbp_small)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -32.708 -8.187 -0.187 9.813 51.813
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 133.089 1.824 72.957 < 2e-16 ***
## as.factor(DIS)2 -2.381 2.106 -1.130 0.258607
## as.factor(DIS)3 -9.910 2.847 -3.481 0.000522 ***
## as.factor(DIS)4 -14.902 1.892 -7.875 8.85e-15 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 13.65 on 996 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.1389, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1363
## F-statistic: 53.54 on 3 and 996 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16Bibliography
## Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. <https://www.R-project.org/>. We have invested a lot of time and effort in creating R, please cite it when using it for data analysis. See also 'citation("pkgname")' for citing R packages.
## Grolemund G, Hayes A, Henry L, Hester J, Kuhn M, Pedersen TL, Miller E, Bache SM, Müller K, Ooms J, Robinson D, Seidel DP, Spinu V, Takahashi K, Vaughan D, Wilke C, Woo K, Yutani H (2019). "Welcome to the tidyverse." Journal of Open Source Software_, *4*(43), 1686. doi:10.21105/joss.01686 <https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686>.
## R. version 0.5.0. Buffalo, New York. http://github.com/trinker/pacman
## J, reikoch, Beasley W, O'Connor B, Warnes GR, Quinn M, Kamvar ZN (2023). yaml: Methods to Convert R Data to YAML and Back_. R package version 2.3.7, <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=yaml>. ATTENTION: This citation information has been auto-generated from the package DESCRIPTION file and may need manual editing, see 'help("citation")'.
## Generation in R. R package version 1.44, <https://yihui.org/knitr/>. Yihui Xie (2015) Dynamic Documents with R and knitr. 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 978-1498716963 Yihui Xie (2014) knitr: A Comprehensive Tool for Reproducible Research in R. In Victoria Stodden, Friedrich Leisch and Roger D. Peng, editors, Implementing Reproducible Computational Research. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN 978-1466561595