Componentes Principales

MATRIZ DE INFORMACIÓN

library(readr)
library(kableExtra)

load("C:/Users/crist/OneDrive/Escritorio/TAREAS MAE118/Cristali Dayamari Aguilar Zacarias - 6-2.RData")
#mat_X<-read_table2(mat,col_names = FALSE)

X6_2 %>% head() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Matriz de información", align = "c", digits = 6) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif")
Matriz de información
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
4 1 4 3 3 2 4 4 4 4
5 5 4 4 3 3 4 1 1 3
2 1 3 1 4 2 1 5 4 5
1 1 1 1 4 4 2 5 5 4
1 1 2 1 5 5 4 3 3 2
5 5 5 5 3 3 4 2 2 1

a) Calcula la matriz de varianza covarianza para la batería de indicadores:

1. De forma “manual”

library(dplyr)
library(kableExtra)
centrado<-function(x){
  x-mean(x)
}
Xcentrada<-apply(X = X6_2,MARGIN = 2,centrado)
Xcentrada %>% head() %>% 
  kable(caption ="Matriz de Variables centradas:",
        align = "c",
        digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif")
Matriz de Variables centradas:
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
0.3 -2.4 0.5 0.2 -0.7 -1.7 0.35 1.15 1.2 1.35
1.3 1.6 0.5 1.2 -0.7 -0.7 0.35 -1.85 -1.8 0.35
-1.7 -2.4 -0.5 -1.8 0.3 -1.7 -2.65 2.15 1.2 2.35
-2.7 -2.4 -2.5 -1.8 0.3 0.3 -1.65 2.15 2.2 1.35
-2.7 -2.4 -1.5 -1.8 1.3 1.3 0.35 0.15 0.2 -0.65
1.3 1.6 1.5 2.2 -0.7 -0.7 0.35 -0.85 -0.8 -1.65 
n_obs<-nrow(X6_2)
mat_V<-t(Xcentrada)%*%Xcentrada/(n_obs-1) 
mat_V %>% kable(caption ="Cálculo de V(X) forma manual:" ,
                align = "c",
                digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif") %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover"))
Cálculo de V(X) forma manual:
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
V1 1.80 1.92 1.32 1.73 -0.62 -0.31 0.36 -1.21 -1.27 -0.90
V2 1.92 2.67 1.42 2.14 -0.66 -0.14 0.52 -1.78 -1.81 -1.54
V3 1.32 1.42 1.42 1.53 -0.53 -0.32 0.29 -0.92 -1.11 -0.87
V4 1.73 2.14 1.53 2.48 -0.80 -0.48 0.35 -1.61 -1.83 -1.39
V5 -0.62 -0.66 -0.53 -0.80 0.85 0.80 0.21 0.37 0.46 0.15
V6 -0.31 -0.14 -0.32 -0.48 0.80 1.38 0.63 0.22 0.09 -0.37
V7 0.36 0.52 0.29 0.35 0.21 0.63 1.61 -0.53 -0.34 -0.71
V8 -1.21 -1.78 -0.92 -1.61 0.37 0.22 -0.53 1.92 1.81 1.37
V9 -1.27 -1.81 -1.11 -1.83 0.46 0.09 -0.34 1.81 2.17 1.56
V10 -0.90 -1.54 -0.87 -1.39 0.15 -0.37 -0.71 1.37 1.56 1.82

2. Usando el comando “cov” de R base

library(dplyr)
library(kableExtra)
cov(X6_2) %>% 
  kable(caption="Cálculo de V(X) a través de R base",
        align = "c",
        digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif") %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover"))
Cálculo de V(X) a través de R base
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
V1 1.80 1.92 1.32 1.73 -0.62 -0.31 0.36 -1.21 -1.27 -0.90
V2 1.92 2.67 1.42 2.14 -0.66 -0.14 0.52 -1.78 -1.81 -1.54
V3 1.32 1.42 1.42 1.53 -0.53 -0.32 0.29 -0.92 -1.11 -0.87
V4 1.73 2.14 1.53 2.48 -0.80 -0.48 0.35 -1.61 -1.83 -1.39
V5 -0.62 -0.66 -0.53 -0.80 0.85 0.80 0.21 0.37 0.46 0.15
V6 -0.31 -0.14 -0.32 -0.48 0.80 1.38 0.63 0.22 0.09 -0.37
V7 0.36 0.52 0.29 0.35 0.21 0.63 1.61 -0.53 -0.34 -0.71
V8 -1.21 -1.78 -0.92 -1.61 0.37 0.22 -0.53 1.92 1.81 1.37
V9 -1.27 -1.81 -1.11 -1.83 0.46 0.09 -0.34 1.81 2.17 1.56
V10 -0.90 -1.54 -0.87 -1.39 0.15 -0.37 -0.71 1.37 1.56 1.82

b) Calcula la matriz de correlación para la batería de indicadores:

1. De forma “manual”

ZX<-scale(x = X6_2,center =TRUE)
ZX %>% head() %>% 
  kable(caption ="Matriz de Variables Estandarizadas:",
        align = "c",
        digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif")
Matriz de Variables Estandarizadas:
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
0.22 -1.47 0.42 0.13 -0.76 -1.45 0.28 0.83 0.81 1.00
0.97 0.98 0.42 0.76 -0.76 -0.60 0.28 -1.33 -1.22 0.26
-1.27 -1.47 -0.42 -1.14 0.32 -1.45 -2.09 1.55 0.81 1.74
-2.01 -1.47 -2.10 -1.14 0.32 0.26 -1.30 1.55 1.49 1.00
-2.01 -1.47 -1.26 -1.14 1.41 1.11 0.28 0.11 0.14 -0.48
0.97 0.98 1.26 1.40 -0.76 -0.60 0.28 -0.61 -0.54 -1.22 
n_obs<-nrow(X6_2)
mat_R<-t(ZX)%*%ZX/(n_obs-1) 
mat_R %>% kable(caption ="Cálculo de R(X) forma manual:" ,
                align = "c",
                digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif") %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover"))
Cálculo de R(X) forma manual:
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
V1 1.00 0.87 0.82 0.82 -0.50 -0.19 0.21 -0.65 -0.64 -0.50
V2 0.87 1.00 0.73 0.83 -0.44 -0.07 0.25 -0.78 -0.75 -0.70
V3 0.82 0.73 1.00 0.81 -0.48 -0.23 0.19 -0.56 -0.63 -0.54
V4 0.82 0.83 0.81 1.00 -0.55 -0.26 0.17 -0.74 -0.79 -0.65
V5 -0.50 -0.44 -0.48 -0.55 1.00 0.74 0.18 0.29 0.34 0.12
V6 -0.19 -0.07 -0.23 -0.26 0.74 1.00 0.42 0.13 0.05 -0.24
V7 0.21 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.42 1.00 -0.30 -0.18 -0.41
V8 -0.65 -0.78 -0.56 -0.74 0.29 0.13 -0.30 1.00 0.89 0.73
V9 -0.64 -0.75 -0.63 -0.79 0.34 0.05 -0.18 0.89 1.00 0.78
V10 -0.50 -0.70 -0.54 -0.65 0.12 -0.24 -0.41 0.73 0.78 1.00

2. Usando el comando “cor” de R base

library(dplyr)
library(kableExtra)
cor(X6_2) %>% 
  kable(caption="Cálculo de R(X) a través de R base",
        align = "c",
        digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif") %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("striped", "hover"))
Cálculo de R(X) a través de R base
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
V1 1.00 0.87 0.82 0.82 -0.50 -0.19 0.21 -0.65 -0.64 -0.50
V2 0.87 1.00 0.73 0.83 -0.44 -0.07 0.25 -0.78 -0.75 -0.70
V3 0.82 0.73 1.00 0.81 -0.48 -0.23 0.19 -0.56 -0.63 -0.54
V4 0.82 0.83 0.81 1.00 -0.55 -0.26 0.17 -0.74 -0.79 -0.65
V5 -0.50 -0.44 -0.48 -0.55 1.00 0.74 0.18 0.29 0.34 0.12
V6 -0.19 -0.07 -0.23 -0.26 0.74 1.00 0.42 0.13 0.05 -0.24
V7 0.21 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.42 1.00 -0.30 -0.18 -0.41
V8 -0.65 -0.78 -0.56 -0.74 0.29 0.13 -0.30 1.00 0.89 0.73
V9 -0.64 -0.75 -0.63 -0.79 0.34 0.05 -0.18 0.89 1.00 0.78
V10 -0.50 -0.70 -0.54 -0.65 0.12 -0.24 -0.41 0.73 0.78 1.00

3. Presenta la matriz de correlación de forma gráfica (las dos versiones propuestas en clase)

Usando el paquete PerformanceAnalytics

library(PerformanceAnalytics)
chart.Correlation(as.matrix(X6_2),histogram = TRUE,pch=12)

Usando el paquete corrplot

library(corrplot)
library(grDevices)
library(Hmisc)
Mat_R<-rcorr(as.matrix(X6_2))
corrplot(Mat_R$r,
         p.mat = Mat_R$r,
         type="upper",
         tl.col="black",
         tl.srt = 20,
         pch.col = "yellow",
         insig = "p-value",
         sig.level = -1,
         col = terrain.colors(100))

c) Realiza un análisis de componentes principales, y con base en los criterios vistos en clase:

library(dplyr)
library(factoextra)
library(kableExtra)
library(stargazer)
library(ggplot2)
options(scipen = 99999)
PC<-princomp(x = X6_2,cor = TRUE,fix_sign = FALSE)
factoextra::get_eig(PC) %>% kable(caption="Resumen de PCA",
        align = "c",
        digits = 2) %>% 
  kable_material(html_font = "sans-serif") %>% 
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = c("hover"))
Resumen de PCA
eigenvalue variance.percent cumulative.variance.percent
Dim.1 5.70 57.01 57.01
Dim.2 2.07 20.69 77.70
Dim.3 0.72 7.20 84.91
Dim.4 0.55 5.48 90.39
Dim.5 0.32 3.16 93.54
Dim.6 0.27 2.71 96.25
Dim.7 0.15 1.46 97.72
Dim.8 0.13 1.28 99.00
Dim.9 0.07 0.68 99.68
Dim.10 0.03 0.32 100.00 
fviz_eig(PC,
         choice = "eigenvalue",
         barcolor = "red",
         barfill = "red",
         addlabels = TRUE, 
       )+labs(title = "Gráfico de Sedimentación",subtitle = "Usando princomp, con Autovalores")+
  xlab(label = "Componentes")+
  ylab(label = "Autovalores")+geom_hline(yintercept = 1)

fviz_eig(PC,
         choice = "variance",
         barcolor = "green",
         barfill = "green",
         addlabels = TRUE,
       )+labs(title = "Gráfico de Sedimentación",
              subtitle = "Usando princomp, con %Varianza Explicada")+
  xlab(label = "Componentes")+
  ylab(label = "%Varianza")

a. ¿Cuántas Componentes habría que retener?

Según el criterio del porcentaje acumulado de la varianza o del 75%, se deben retener 2 componentes, ya que estas dos componentes explican más del 75% de la información original o de la varianza total.

Según el criterio de la raíz latente, solo se deben retener aquellos componentes cuyo autovalor sea superior a uno, es decir, debemos retener 2 componentes, ya que los autovalores de estos componentes son mayores que 1.

Según el criterio del elbow, se debe retener un total de tres componentes.