Bibliommetrix

Loading muliply files

##. load the bibliometrix libary by Aria and Cuccurullo (2017)

library(bibliometrix)

##. Load mulitply files

a.

a First load the folder where you have stored the Scopus cvs files. It is good idea to save the files to my documents of to folder at root (c:_folder), as it will be easier to navigate to the window with files. (remeber the files for the tranings were stored here: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fo/wfj5y836jmy64c57y9ch3/h?rlkey=5b3z0heidxg4p7d7orajc5ort&dl=0) We use the function path <- choose.dir()

path <- choose.dir()

b.

Secondly we save the list of all files in the directory path into objec c named files

files <- list.files(path = path, pattern = ".csv")
# shwo the files
files

[1] "Auditing_All_729.csv" "BRA_All_196.csv"     

c. 

let us check our current working directory

getwd()

[1] "C:/Users/pstasz/Documents/R/AAW_2023_Private/0_session"

d. 

let us change the working directory to this we have the stored csv files:

setwd(path) and let us check where we are now getwd()

e.

Convert the rough data into biliometrix object (it will take a while). The objec we will name the All

setwd(path)

Ostrzeżenie: The working directory was changed to C:/Users/pstasz/Documents/R/AAW_2023_Private/Dane inside a notebook chunk. The working directory will be reset when the chunk is finished running. Use the knitr root.dir option in the setup chunk to change the working directory for notebook chunks.

paste0("This is a temporaly working directory for the importing of the files")

[1] "This is a temporaly working directory for the importing of the files"

getwd()

[1] "C:/Users/pstasz/Documents/R/AAW_2023_Private/Dane"

All<- convert2df(file = files, dbsource = "scopus", format = "csv")

Converting your scopus collection into a bibliographic dataframe

Done!


Generating affiliation field tag AU_UN from C1:  Done!

6. Let us check if the working directory come back to the default directory

# Check the working directory
getwd()

[1] "C:/Users/pstasz/Documents/R/AAW_2023_Private/0_session"

paste("Actually we come back to the orginal project directory")

[1] "Actually we come back to the orginal project directory"

Now we have the ablity to upload as many files as we wish combined into one dataset in our case called ‘All’

For details see: https://www.bibliometrix.org/vignettes/Data-Importing-and-Converting.html

Basic functionality

##. The improted data are taged

Tags names

FN.File.Name
VR;Version Number
PT;Publication Type (J=Joumal; B=Book; S=Series; P=Patent)
AU;Authors
AF;Author Full Name
BA;Book Authors
BF;Book Authors Full Name
CA;Group Authors
GP;Book Group Authors
BE;Editors
Tl;Document Title
SO;Publication Name
SE;Book Series Title
BS;Book Series Subtitle
LA;Language
DT;Document Type
CT;Conference Title
CY;Conference Date
CL;Conference Location
SP;Conference Sponsors
HO;Conference Host
DE;Author Keywords
ID;Keywords Plus®
AB;Abstract
C1;Author Address
RP;Reprint Address
EM;E-mail Address
Rl;ResearcherlD Number
Ol;ORCID Identifier (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)
FU;Funding Agency and Grant Number
FX;Funding Text
CR;Cited References
NR;Cited Reference Count
TC;Web of Science Core Collection Times Cited Count
Z9;Total Times Cited Count (Web of Science Core ColleUiuit
BI03I3 Citatiun Index. Chinese 3cienie Citation Database. Data Citation Index. Russian Science Citation Index. SciELO Citation Index)
U1;Usage Count (Last 180 Days)
U2;Usage Count (Since 2013)
PU;Publisher
PI;Publisher City
PA;Publisher Address
SN;International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
El;Electronic International Standard Serial Number (elSSN)
BN;International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
J9;29-Character Source Abbreviation
Jl;ISO Source Abbreviation
PD;Publication Date
PY;Year Published
VL;Volume
IS;Issue
SI;Special Issue
PN;Part Number
SU;Supplement
MA;Meeting Abstract
BP;Beginning Page
EP;Ending Page
AR;Article Number
Dl;Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
D2;Book Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
EA;Early access date
EY;Early access year
PG;Page Count
P2;Chapter Count (Book Citation Index)
WC;Web of Science Categories
sc;Research Areas
GA;Document Delivery Number
PM;PubMed ID
UT;Accession Number
OA;Open Access Indicator
HP;ESI Hot Paper. Note that this field is valued only for ESI subscribers.
HC;ESI Highly Cited Paper. Note that this field is valued only for ESI subscribers.
OA;Date this report was generated.
ER;End of Record
EF;End of File

Those above are all avaialbe tags from Web os Science let us see how many tags we have imporeted with our data (recall our data we named All)

names(All)

 [1] "AU"                         "Author.s..ID"              
 [3] "TI"                         "PY"                        
 [5] "SO"                         "VL"                        
 [7] "IS"                         "Art..No."                  
 [9] "Page.start"                 "Page.end"                  
[11] "PP"                         "TC"                        
[13] "DI"                         "URL"                       
[15] "Affiliations"               "C1"                        
[17] "AB"                         "DE"                        
[19] "ID"                         "Molecular.Sequence.Numbers"
[21] "Chemicals.CAS"              "Tradenames"                
[23] "Manufacturers"              "FU"                        
[25] "FX"                         "Funding.Text.2"            
[27] "Funding.Text.3"             "Funding.Text.4"            
[29] "Funding.Text.5"             "Funding.Text.6"            
[31] "Funding.Text.7"             "Funding.Text.8"            
[33] "Funding.Text.9"             "Funding.Text.10"           
[35] "CR"                         "RP"                        
[37] "Editors"                    "Sponsors"                  
[39] "PU"                         "Conference.name"           
[41] "Conference.date"            "Conference.location"       
[43] "Conference.code"            "ISSN"                      
[45] "ISBN"                       "CODEN"                     
[47] "PubMed.ID"                  "LA"                        
[49] "JI"                         "DT"                        
[51] "Publication.Stage"          "OA"                        
[53] "DB"                         "UT"                        
[55] "J9"                         "AU_UN"                     
[57] "AU1_UN"                     "AU_UN_NR"                  
[59] "SR_FULL"                    "SR"                        

Funcitionality (basic)

2. Let us replicate some functionality of the bibliometrxi analysis at the level of the console. We will start with conversion of the All object (rough data in biliomertix obect). Let us called it results

results<- biblioAnalysis(All, sep =";")

Let us see the results in viewer View(results)

Let us summarize the data (only first 10 items, means k=10)

options(width=100)
S <- summary(object = results, k = 10, pause = FALSE)

MAIN INFORMATION ABOUT DATA

 Timespan                              1996 : 2022 
 Sources (Journals, Books, etc)        2 
 Documents                             925 
 Annual Growth Rate %                  -4.14 
 Document Average Age                  11.6 
 Average citations per doc             36.7 
 Average citations per year per doc    2.66 
 References                            42573 
 
DOCUMENT TYPES                     
 article               851 
 conference paper      16 
 editorial             15 
 erratum               7 
 note                  6 
 review                30 
 
DOCUMENT CONTENTS
 Keywords Plus (ID)                    0 
 Author's Keywords (DE)                2133 
 
AUTHORS
 Authors                               1303 
 Author Appearances                    2389 
 Authors of single-authored docs       112 
 
AUTHORS COLLABORATION
 Single-authored docs                  132 
 Documents per Author                  0.71 
 Co-Authors per Doc                    2.58 
 International co-authorships %        18.16 
 

Annual Scientific Production

Annual Percentage Growth Rate -4.14 


Most Productive Authors

Top manuscripts per citations

Corresponding Author's Countries

SCP: Single Country Publications

MCP: Multiple Country Publications


Total Citations per Country

Most Relevant Sources

Most Relevant Keywords

NA

Basic plots

plot(x = results, k = 10, pause = FALSE)

Most cited (5 papers) [ it will take a while as we have 925 papers]

MCP <- citations(All, field = "article", sep = ";")
cbind(MCP$Cited[1:5])

                                                                                                                                                                           [,1]
BUCKLESS, F.A., RAVENSCROFT, S.P., CONTRAST CODING: A REFINEMENT OF ANOVA IN BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (1990) THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW, 65 (4), PP. 933-945                           25
CAREY, P., SIMNETT, R., AUDIT PARTNER TENURE AND AUDIT QUALITY (2006) THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW, 81 (3), PP. 653-676                                                             22
SIMUNIC, D.A., THE PRICING OF AUDIT SERVICES: THEORY AND EVIDENCE (1980) JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, 18 (1), PP. 161-190                                                 22
BECKER, C.L., DEFOND, M.L., JIAMBALVO, J., SUBRAMANYAM, K.R., THE EFFECT OF AUDIT QUALITY ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT (1998) CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, 15 (1), PP. 1-24   20
HAY, D.C., KNECHEL, W.R., WONG, N., AUDIT FEES: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND ATTRIBUTES (2006) CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, 23 (1), PP. 141-191   18

We might as well check the the most frequent cited first author citations(All, filed ="author", sep =";") or most frequent cited local autor (how many time author included in collection has been cited in this collection) LC<-localCitations(All, sep = ";") we can access the resuts in ‘View()’ or just by listing the specific fiels e.g LC$Authors[1:5] or LC$Papers[1:8], byw [1:n] shows first \(n\) items.

Some additional plots

Major autors productivity

The function AuthorProdOverTime calculates and plots the authors’ production (in terms of number of publications, and total citations per year) over the time.

Function arguments are: All a bibliographic data frame; \(k\) is the number of \(k\) Top Authors; graph is a logical. If graph=TRUE, the function plots the author production over time graph.

topAU <- authorProdOverTime(All, k = 10, graph = TRUE)

Lotka law

Lotka’s law says that the number of authors publishing a certain number of articles is a fixed ratio to the number of authors publishing a single article. This means that there are many more authors who publish only one article than there are authors who publish two articles, and so on. (the theoretical coefficient is 2)

lotka <- lotka(results)
str(lotka)

List of 6
 $ Beta      : num 2.35
 $ C         : num 0.732
 $ R2        : num 0.96
 $ fitted    : Named num [1:19] 0.7317 0.1433 0.0552 0.0281 0.0166 ...
  ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:19] "1" "2" "3" "4" ...
 $ p.value   : num 0.152
 $ AuthorProd:'data.frame': 19 obs. of  3 variables:
  ..$ N.Articles: int [1:19] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
  ..$ N.Authors : num [1:19] 875 208 93 48 28 14 8 6 4 6 ...
  ..$ Freq      : num [1:19] 0.6715 0.1596 0.0714 0.0368 0.0215 ...

Let us see the authors productivity

lotka$AuthorProd

Bibliographic networks

Historical Direct Citation Network

A historiographic map is a graph that shows how scholarly articles are connected to each other over time.

histResults <- histNetwork(All, min.citations = 1, sep = ";")

SCOPUS DB: Searching local citations (LCS) by document titles (TI) and DOIs...

Found 625 documents with no empty Local Citations (LCS)

net <- histPlot(histResults, n=15, size = 10, labelsize=5)

 Legend

Three Fields Plot

Visualize the main items of three fields (e.g. authors, keywords, journals), and how they are related through a Sankey diagram.

threeFieldsPlot(All, fields = c("AU", "DE", "SO"), n = c(20, 20, 20))

Perform a Thematic Evolution Analysis

Note for the standard references in examples at Bibliometrix they are usin gthe ID as the key words associated by the Scopus of Web of Science, in our data the ID is empty thus we replace it with author words, namely DE

thematicEvolution(
All)

Map=thematicMap(All, field = "DE", n = 50, minfreq = 4,

Warning messages:
1: ggrepel: 62 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider increasing max.overlaps 
2: ggrepel: 62 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider increasing max.overlaps 

  stemming = FALSE, size = 0.7, n.labels=5, repel = TRUE)
Map

$map

$clusters

$words

$nclust
[1] 10

$net
$net$graph
IGRAPH 1b07c91 UNW- 50 220 -- 
+ attr: alpha (g/n), ylim (g/n), xlim (g/n), rescale
| (g/l), asp (g/n), layout (g/n), main (g/c), name (v/c),
| deg (v/n), size (v/n), label.cex (v/n), color (v/c),
| community (v/n), labelsize (v/n), label.dist (v/n),
| frame.color (v/c), label.color (v/c), label.font (v/n),
| label (v/c), weight (e/n), num (e/n), width (e/n),
| color (e/c), lty (e/n), curved (e/l)
+ edges from 1b07c91 (vertex names):
[1] audit quality--audit fees          
[2] audit quality--auditing            
+ ... omitted several edges

$net$graph_pajek
IGRAPH 1b0756d UNW- 50 220 -- 
+ attr: name (v/c), deg (v/n), size (v/n), label.cex
| (v/n), id (v/c), weight (e/n), num (e/n)
+ edges from 1b0756d (vertex names):
 [1] audit quality--audit fees          
 [2] audit quality--auditing            
 [3] audit quality--corporate governance
 [4] audit quality--auditor independence
 [5] audit quality--audit committee     
 [6] audit quality--fraud               
 [7] audit quality--earnings management 
+ ... omitted several edges

$net$cluster_obj
IGRAPH clustering walktrap, groups: 10, mod: 0.25
+ groups:
  $`1`
  [1] "auditor judgment"        "professional skepticism"
  [3] "auditor"                 "audit"                  
  
  $`2`
  [1] "auditor industry specialization"
  [2] "auditor tenure"                 
  [3] "going-concern"                  
  
  $`3`
  + ... omitted several groups/vertices

$net$cluster_res

$net$community_obj
IGRAPH clustering walktrap, groups: 10, mod: 0.25
+ groups:
  $`1`
  [1] "auditor judgment"        "professional skepticism"
  [3] "auditor"                 "audit"                  
  
  $`2`
  [1] "auditor industry specialization"
  [2] "auditor tenure"                 
  [3] "going-concern"                  
  
  $`3`
  + ... omitted several groups/vertices

$net$layout
              [,1]         [,2]
 [1,]  0.312642636  0.280228625
 [2,]  0.390858227  0.188962042
 [3,] -0.079713073  0.415470169
 [4,]  0.007992176  0.175301620
 [5,]  0.381085891  0.072600697
 [6,] -0.495372293  0.035851349
 [7,]  0.223893047  0.585570848
 [8,] -0.010876890  0.103923710
 [9,] -0.171018834  0.291303709
[10,]  0.335617614  0.148343980
[11,]  0.365960392  0.641657336
[12,]  0.033964073  0.048894845
[13,]  0.008238903 -0.132509132
[14,] -0.154079991  0.403205562
[15,] -0.406354637  0.643308817
[16,]  0.452275660  0.185799738
[17,]  0.452723350  0.298218941
[18,]  0.347558359  0.918512257
[19,]  0.404223672  0.318444888
[20,] -0.474276990  0.113879388
[21,]  0.073896899 -0.124078863
[22,] -0.076327164 -0.063236400
[23,]  0.276972371  0.768872480
[24,]  0.271918035  0.232933755
[25,]  0.588034131  0.184248966
[26,]  0.427077347  0.405486589
[27,]  0.471679276  0.774260900
[28,]  0.110332546  0.004176688
[29,]  0.302898996  0.052829883
[30,] -0.204637789  0.535719191
[31,]  0.358992666  0.787952723
[32,] -0.514904483  0.546952457
[33,]  0.612192660  0.323795009
[34,] -0.361800908  0.335349141
[35,]  0.535999684 -0.469441018
[36,]  0.199976828  0.760228895
[37,]  0.047748094  0.347210644
[38,]  0.482128799 -0.007694795
[39,] -0.428568628  0.476157145
[40,]  0.202697401  0.409740620
[41,] -1.000000000 -1.000000000
[42,] -0.124664707 -0.013088682
[43,] -0.508646110 -0.421133246
[44,] -0.464745200 -0.149385276
[45,]  1.000000000  0.409201837
[46,]  0.324351205 -0.349572774
[47,]  0.854763177  0.508834749
[48,]  0.680354047 -0.627372575
[49,] -0.572000647  0.211851446
[50,]  0.256286185  1.000000000

$net$S
50 x 50 sparse Matrix of class "dsCMatrix"
                                                     
audit quality               0.0090090090 0.0012718601
audit fees                  0.0012718601 0.0117647059
auditing                    0.0002434867 0.0009538951
corporate governance        0.0005460005 .           
auditor independence        0.0006213110 0.0016227181
analytical procedures       .            .           
audit committee             0.0007833921 0.0005115090
audit risk                  .            0.0039215686
fraud                       0.0004504505 .           
earnings management         0.0020020020 0.0019607843
internal control            0.0010598834 .           
audit pricing               0.0011261261 0.0051470588
materiality                 0.0005630631 .           
audit planning              .            .           
auditor judgment            0.0012012012 .           
discretionary accruals      0.0048048048 0.0039215686
financial reporting quality 0.0038610039 0.0016806723
assurance                   0.0006930007 .           
restatements                0.0020790021 0.0036199095
                                                                 
audit quality               0.0002434867 0.0005460005 0.000621311
audit fees                  0.0009538951 .            0.001622718
auditing                    0.0270270270 0.0008190008 .          
corporate governance        0.0008190008 0.0303030303 0.001044932
auditor independence        .            0.0010449321 0.034482759
analytical procedures       0.0011750881 .            .          
audit committee             .            0.0065876153 0.001499250
audit risk                  0.0025740026 0.0014430014 .          
fraud                       0.0013513514 0.0015151515 .          
earnings management         0.0015015015 .            0.005747126
internal control            .            .            .          
audit pricing               .            0.0018939394 .          
materiality                 .            .            .          
audit planning              0.0036036036 0.0020202020 0.002298851
auditor judgment            .            .            .          
discretionary accruals      .            0.0020202020 0.004597701
financial reporting quality .            .            .          
assurance                   0.0041580042 .            .          
restatements                0.0020790021 .            .          
                                                                
audit quality               .           0.0007833921 .          
audit fees                  .           0.0005115090 0.003921569
auditing                    0.001175088 .            0.002574003
corporate governance        .           0.0065876153 0.001443001
auditor independence        .           0.0014992504 .          
analytical procedures       0.043478261 .            .          
audit committee             .           0.0434782609 .          
audit risk                  .           .            0.047619048
fraud                       0.002173913 0.0021739130 0.002380952
earnings management         .           0.0024154589 0.002645503
internal control            .           .            .          
audit pricing               .           .            0.005952381
materiality                 .           .            0.002976190
audit planning              0.002898551 .            0.003174603
auditor judgment            .           .            0.003174603
discretionary accruals      .           .            0.003174603
financial reporting quality .           0.0031055901 .          
assurance                   .           .            .          
restatements                .           0.0033444816 0.003663004
                                                                
audit quality               0.0004504505 0.002002002 0.001059883
audit fees                  .            0.001960784 .          
auditing                    0.0013513514 0.001501502 .          
corporate governance        0.0015151515 .           .          
auditor independence        .            0.005747126 .          
analytical procedures       0.0021739130 .           .          
audit committee             0.0021739130 0.002415459 .          
audit risk                  0.0023809524 0.002645503 .          
fraud                       0.0500000000 .           .          
earnings management         .            0.055555556 0.003267974
internal control            .            0.003267974 0.058823529
audit pricing               .            0.003472222 0.003676471
materiality                 0.0031250000 0.003472222 .          
audit planning              0.0066666667 .           0.003921569
auditor judgment            .            .           .          
discretionary accruals      .            0.014814815 .          
financial reporting quality .            0.003968254 .          
assurance                   .            .           .          
restatements                .            0.004273504 .          
                                                                
audit quality               0.001126126 0.0005630631 .          
audit fees                  0.005147059 .            .          
auditing                    .           .            0.003603604
corporate governance        0.001893939 .            0.002020202
auditor independence        .           .            0.002298851
analytical procedures       .           .            0.002898551
audit committee             .           .            .          
audit risk                  0.005952381 0.0029761905 0.003174603
fraud                       .           0.0031250000 0.006666667
earnings management         0.003472222 0.0034722222 .          
internal control            0.003676471 .            0.003921569
audit pricing               0.062500000 .            0.004166667
materiality                 .           0.0625000000 .          
audit planning              0.004166667 .            0.066666667
auditor judgment            .           .            .          
discretionary accruals      .           .            .          
financial reporting quality .           .            .          
assurance                   .           .            .          
restatements                .           .            .          
                                                               
audit quality               0.001201201 0.004804805 0.003861004
audit fees                  .           0.003921569 0.001680672
auditing                    .           .           .          
corporate governance        .           0.002020202 .          
auditor independence        .           0.004597701 .          
analytical procedures       .           .           .          
audit committee             .           .           0.003105590
audit risk                  0.003174603 0.003174603 .          
fraud                       .           .           .          
earnings management         .           0.014814815 0.003968254
internal control            .           .           .          
audit pricing               .           .           .          
materiality                 .           .           .          
audit planning              .           .           .          
auditor judgment            0.066666667 .           .          
discretionary accruals      .           0.066666667 0.014285714
financial reporting quality .           0.014285714 0.071428571
assurance                   .           .           .          
restatements                .           0.005128205 0.005494505
                                                                
audit quality               0.0006930007 0.002079002 .          
audit fees                  .            0.003619910 .          
auditing                    0.0041580042 0.002079002 0.002079002
corporate governance        .            .           0.002331002
auditor independence        .            .           .          
analytical procedures       .            .           0.006688963
audit committee             .            0.003344482 .          
audit risk                  .            0.003663004 .          
fraud                       .            .           0.003846154
earnings management         .            0.004273504 .          
internal control            .            .           .          
audit pricing               .            .           .          
materiality                 .            .           .          
audit planning              .            .           0.010256410
auditor judgment            .            .           .          
discretionary accruals      .            0.005128205 .          
financial reporting quality .            0.005494505 .          
assurance                   0.0769230769 .           .          
restatements                .            0.076923077 .          
                                                                 
audit quality               0.0015015015 0.0007507508 .          
audit fees                  0.0009803922 0.0009803922 .          
auditing                    .            0.0022522523 .          
corporate governance        0.0101010101 .            0.005050505
auditor independence        .            .            0.002873563
analytical procedures       .            0.0036231884 .          
audit committee             .            .            0.003623188
audit risk                  .            0.0079365079 .          
fraud                       .            0.0083333333 .          
earnings management         .            .            .          
internal control            .            .            0.004901961
audit pricing               .            0.0052083333 .          
materiality                 0.0156250000 0.0156250000 .          
audit planning              .            .            0.005555556
auditor judgment            .            .            .          
discretionary accruals      .            .            .          
financial reporting quality 0.0059523810 .            .          
assurance                   .            .            .          
restatements                .            .            .          
                                                                
audit quality               0.0045045045 0.001638002 0.001638002
audit fees                  0.0009803922 0.005347594 0.002139037
auditing                    .            .           0.002457002
corporate governance        .            .           .          
auditor independence        0.0028735632 .           .          
analytical procedures       .            .           .          
audit committee             .            .           0.003952569
audit risk                  .            .           .          
fraud                       0.0041666667 .           .          
earnings management         .            .           .          
internal control            .            .           .          
audit pricing               .            .           .          
materiality                 .            .           .          
audit planning              .            .           .          
auditor judgment            .            .           .          
discretionary accruals      .            0.006060606 0.006060606
financial reporting quality .            .           0.006493506
assurance                   .            .           0.006993007
restatements                0.0064102564 .           0.020979021
                                  
audit quality               ......
audit fees                  ......
auditing                    ......
corporate governance        ......
auditor independence        ......
analytical procedures       ......
audit committee             ......
audit risk                  ......
fraud                       ......
earnings management         ......
internal control            ......
audit pricing               ......
materiality                 ......
audit planning              ......
auditor judgment            ......
discretionary accruals      ......
financial reporting quality ......
assurance                   ......
restatements                ......

 ..............................
 ........suppressing 24 columns and 12 rows in show(); maybe adjust 'options(max.print= *, width = *)'
 ..............................
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           .          
audit report lag                .           0.003921569
auditor                         .           0.001307190
auditor industry specialization 0.002002002 0.001307190
independence                    0.001001001 .          
litigation risk                 0.001001001 0.001307190
nonaudit services               .           0.001307190
audit                           .           .          
audit effort                    0.002252252 .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           0.007352941
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           0.001680672
auditor tenure                  0.001287001 0.001680672
corporate social responsibility 0.001287001 .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           .           .          
outsourcing                     0.002574003 .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         0.002702703 .          
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    0.003003003 0.003367003
litigation risk                 .           0.006734007
nonaudit services               .           .          
audit                           .           0.003787879
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           .          
experience                      .           0.003787879
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  .           .          
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           0.003861004 .          
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           .          
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    .           .          
litigation risk                 .           .          
nonaudit services               0.015325670 .          
audit                           .           0.005434783
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           0.005434783
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           0.005434783
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  0.004926108 .          
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   0.004926108 .          
hypothesis generation           .           0.024844720
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           .          
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    0.014492754 .          
litigation risk                 0.004830918 0.005291005
nonaudit services               0.004830918 .          
audit                           0.005434783 .          
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           0.017857143
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  .           0.006802721
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           .           .          
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         0.005000000 .          
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    0.005555556 .          
litigation risk                 .           .          
nonaudit services               .           0.012345679
audit                           0.006250000 .          
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   0.006250000 0.006944444
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  .           .          
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           0.007142857 .          
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                      
professional skepticism         .           .        .
audit report lag                0.006535948 .        .
auditor                         .           .        .
auditor industry specialization .           .        .
independence                    .           .        .
litigation risk                 .           .        .
nonaudit services               .           .        .
audit                           .           .        .
audit effort                    0.007352941 0.015625 .
audit judgment                  .           .        .
business risk                   .           0.015625 .
experience                      .           .        .
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .        .
assurance services              .           .        .
auditor tenure                  .           .        .
corporate social responsibility .           .        .
going-concern                   .           .        .
hypothesis generation           .           .        .
outsourcing                     .           .        .
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           0.006666667
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    .           .          
litigation risk                 .           .          
nonaudit services               .           .          
audit                           .           .          
audit effort                    0.008333333 .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           .          
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  .           .          
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           0.019047619 0.009523810
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           .          
audit report lag                .           .          
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    .           0.007936508
litigation risk                 0.007407407 .          
nonaudit services               .           .          
audit                           .           .          
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           .          
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  0.009523810 .          
corporate social responsibility .           .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           .           .          
outsourcing                     .           .          
                                                       
professional skepticism         .           .          
audit report lag                .           0.008547009
auditor                         .           .          
auditor industry specialization .           .          
independence                    0.008547009 .          
litigation risk                 .           .          
nonaudit services               .           .          
audit                           .           .          
audit effort                    .           .          
audit judgment                  .           .          
business risk                   .           .          
experience                      .           .          
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          
assurance services              .           .          
auditor tenure                  .           .          
corporate social responsibility 0.010989011 .          
going-concern                   .           .          
hypothesis generation           .           .          
outsourcing                     0.010989011 .          
                                                                 
professional skepticism         .           .          .         
audit report lag                .           .          .         
auditor                         .           .          .         
auditor industry specialization .           .          .         
independence                    .           .          .         
litigation risk                 .           .          .         
nonaudit services               .           .          .         
audit                           .           .          .         
audit effort                    .           .          .         
audit judgment                  .           .          .         
business risk                   .           .          0.02083333
experience                      .           0.01041667 .         
fraudulent financial reporting  0.009615385 .          .         
assurance services              .           .          .         
auditor tenure                  .           .          .         
corporate social responsibility .           .          .         
going-concern                   .           .          .         
hypothesis generation           0.010989011 .          .         
outsourcing                     .           .          .         
                                                                 
professional skepticism         .           .          .         
audit report lag                .           .          .         
auditor                         .           .          .         
auditor industry specialization .           .          .         
independence                    0.009259259 .          .         
litigation risk                 .           .          .         
nonaudit services               .           .          .         
audit                           .           .          .         
audit effort                    .           0.01041667 .         
audit judgment                  .           .          .         
business risk                   .           .          .         
experience                      .           .          .         
fraudulent financial reporting  .           .          .         
assurance services              .           .          0.01298701
auditor tenure                  .           .          .         
corporate social responsibility .           .          .         
going-concern                   .           .          .         
hypothesis generation           .           .          .         
outsourcing                     0.023809524 .          .         
                                        
professional skepticism         . ......
audit report lag                . ......
auditor                         . ......
auditor industry specialization . ......
independence                    . ......
litigation risk                 . ......
nonaudit services               . ......
audit                           . ......
audit effort                    . ......
audit judgment                  . ......
business risk                   . ......
experience                      . ......
fraudulent financial reporting  . ......
assurance services              . ......
auditor tenure                  . ......
corporate social responsibility . ......
going-concern                   . ......
hypothesis generation           . ......
outsourcing                     . ......

$net$nodeDegree

$net$params

$subgraphs
[1] NA

$documentToClusters

$params

plot(Map$map)

Thematic evloution

It performs a Thematic Evolution Analysis based on co-word network analysis and clustering

years=c(2004,2020)

nexus <- thematicEvolution(All,field="DE",years=years,n=100,minFreq=2)

plotThematicEvolution(nexus$Nodes,nexus$Edges)

NA

CS <- conceptualStructure(All,field="DE", method="CA", minDegree=4, clust=5, stemming=FALSE, labelsize=10, documents=10)

Historical resutls

# Create a historical citation network
options(width=130)
histResults <- histNetwork(All, min.citations = 1, sep = ";")

SCOPUS DB: Searching local citations (LCS) by document titles (TI) and DOIs...

Found 625 documents with no empty Local Citations (LCS)

# Plot a historical co-citation network
net <- histPlot(histResults, n=15, size = 10, labelsize=5)

 Legend

Co-Word Analysis: The conceptual structure of a field

Co-word analysis is a way to find the main ideas in a field of study by looking at the words that often appear together in scholarly articles.

We can use this method to create a map of the field, showing how the different concepts are related to each other.

In this example, we use a computer program to do the co-word analysis for us. The program also helps us to identify groups of documents that share common concepts.

CS <- conceptualStructure(All,field="DE_TM", method="CA", minDegree=4, clust=5, stemming=FALSE, labelsize=5, documents=10)

More advance

List of all bigtags see `View(bibtag)

View(bibtag)

Bradford’s law

Bradford’s law is a rule that says that the number of scientific articles on a given topic decreases rapidly as you look at more and more journals.

One way to think about it is to imagine that you have all the scientific journals on a given topic, and you sort them by the number of articles they have on that topic. The first journal will have the most articles, the second journal will have half as many articles, and so on.

Bradford’s law says that if you divide the journals into three groups, with each group having about one-third of the articles, then the number of journals in each group will be proportional to 1:2:4.

In other words, the first group will have the fewest journals, the second group will have twice as many journals, and the third group will have four times as many journals.

This is just a general rule, of course, and there will be some variation depending on the specific field of study. But Bradford’s law is a useful rule of thumb for estimating how many journals you need to search in order to find most of the relevant articles on a given topic.

bradford(All)

$table

$graph

dominance ranking

The authors’ dominance ranking from a as proposed by Kumar & Kumar, 2008.

dominance(results, k = 10)

Where

• Author Author’s name
• Dominance Factor Dominance Factor (DF = FAA / MAA)
• Tot Articles N. of Authored Articles (TAA)
• Single Authored N. of Single-Authored Articles (SAA)
• Multi Authored N. of Multi-Authored Articles (MAA=TAA-SAA)
• First Authored N. of First Authored Articles (FAA)
• Rank by Articles Author Ranking by N. of Articles
• Rank by DF Author Ranking by Dominance Factor

Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy RPYS

RPYS for detecting the Historical Roots of Research Fields. The method was introduced by Marx et al., 2014.

rpys(All, sep = ";", timespan = NULL, graph = T)

$spectroscopy

$rpysTable

$CR

$df

NA

Marx, W., Bornmann, L., Barth, A., & Leydesdorff, L. (2014). Detecting the historical roots of research fields by reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS). Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(4), 751-764.

References

Massimo Aria and Corrado Cuccurullo, A brief introduction to bibliometrix, https://www.bibliometrix.org/vignettes/Introduction_to_bibliometrix.html

bibliometrix: Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bibliometrix/index.html

Package ‘bibliometrix’, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bibliometrix/bibliometrix.pdf

Aria, Massimo, and Corrado Cuccurullo. 2017. “Bibliometrix: An r-Tool for Comprehensive Science Mapping Analysis.” Journal of Informetrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007.