class: title_slide, middle, center <div style="border-width:15px; border-style:double; border-color:#EEEEEE; padding:15px;"> <br> .double[.large[**Archaeology of Europe**]] <br> <br> .large[The Maritime Route - Cardial Pottery Culture] <br> <br> </div> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Maritime and Inland Routes] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:355px; left:475px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Gronenborn & Horejs, 2021] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Expanding from Balkan Peninsula] - .large[Southern Balkan Peninsula is very mountainous.] - .large[Not ideal for agriculturalists] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/expansion.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Maritime and Inland Routes] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:645px; right:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Haak *et al*., 2015] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Expanding from Balkan Peninsula] - .large[Southern Balkan Peninsula is very mountainous.] - .large[Not ideal for agriculturalists] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/route_nature.png" width="85%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Maritime Route] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 10px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:355px; left:475px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:220px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Wiki] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[.content-box-s-dark.yellow[Cardial Pottery Culture] - .yellow[*c.* 6400 - 5500 BC]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/cardium_ware_1.jpg" width="40%" style='float:right' /> - .large[A.K.A. .yellow[Cardium Pottery Culture<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impressa Culture]] - .large[Defined through pottery style] - .large.content-box-s-white.dark[Cardium Pottery (Cardial Ware)] - .large[Decotative imprint using shells<br> &rArr; .yellow[*Cardiidae spp.*] .dotted[Cockles]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/cardiidae.jpg" width="60%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Maritime Route] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:600px; left:75px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Wiki] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; right:320px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Haskevych, 2011] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[.content-box-s-dark.yellow[Cardial Pottery Culture] - .yellow[*c.* 6400 - 5500 BC]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/shell_imprint.jpg" width="35%" style='float:right' /> - .large[A.K.A. .yellow[Cardium Pottery Culture<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impressa Culture]] - .large[Defined through pottery style] - .large.content-box-s-white.dark[Cardium Pottery (Cardial Ware)] - .large[Decotative imprint using shells<br> &rArr; .yellow[*Cardiidae spp.*] .dotted[Cockles]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/cardium_ware_2.jpg" width="30%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/cardium_ware_3.jpg" width="31.5%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Maritime Route] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:600px; right:200px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from CERASNEOMO] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[.content-box-s-dark.yellow[Cardial Pottery Culture] - .yellow[*c.* 6400 - 5500 BC]] <br><br> .center[ <iframe title="cardial" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; xr-spatial-tracking" xr-spatial-tracking execution-while-out-of-viewport execution-while-not-rendered web-share src="https://sketchfab.com/models/b08bad8c01594263bae127ca0c535b1d/embed" width="500" height="400"> </iframe>] --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Cardial Culture - .yellow[*c.* 6400 - 5500 BC] ] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:80px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Guilaine, 2017] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Geographical Distribution] - .large[Eastern Mediterranean: .yellow[Impressa Culture]] - .large[Western Mediterranean: .yellow[Cardial Culture]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/cardial_map.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Cardial Culture - .yellow[*c.* 6400 - 5500 BC] ] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:80px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Guilaine, 2017] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Subsistence and Economy] - .large[Agricultural Activities] - .large[Small villages: 25 - 300 people] - .large[Wheat & Barley] - .large[Cattle, sheep, goat, and Pigs] - .large[Patchy settlements along the coast] - .large[Trading network] - .large[Local adaptation] - .large[Diverse Development] - .large[subsistence and pottery style] --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; left:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from University of Foggia] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from British Royal Air Force, 1943] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/route_1.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; left:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from University of Foggia] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from British Royal Air Force, 1943] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Discovered through aerial photo] - .large[British Royal Air Force officer, John Bradford] - .large[Intensive sites in .yellow[*Tavoliere*] (Southern East coast)] <br><br> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_aerial.png" width="58%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_aerial_2.png" width="41%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; left:140px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from EBR, Neolithic enclosures in *Tavoliere*, Italy] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; right:140px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Wiki] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Discovered through aerial photo] - .large[British Royal Air Force officer, John Bradford] - .large[Intensive sites in *Tavoliere* (Southern East coast)] </div> </div> <div align='center' style="padding:0px 60px 20px 60px"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/EBR_aerial.png" width="53%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/aerial_theory.jpg" width="29%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; left:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from EBR] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:200px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from British Royal Air Force, 1943] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Largest enclosures] - .large[70 acres, 90 .content-box-s-white.dark[C-shaped] ditches] - .large[Rectangular house] </div> <div align="center"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_plan.png" width="42%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_1943.jpg" width="47.5%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:590px; left:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from University of Fuggia] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Largest of enclosures] - .large[70 acres, 90 .content-box-s-white.dark[C-shaped] ditches] - .large[Rectangular house] </div> <br> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_ditch.png" width="57.5%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_recon_2.jpg" width="42.5%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:280px; right:140px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Tinè, 1983] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Largest of enclosures] - .large[70 acres, 90 .content-box-s-white.dark[C-shaped] ditches] - .large[Rectangular house] </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_house.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; left:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from EBR] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from <a href=" https://www.preistoriainitalia.it/en/2020/11/05/le-culture-neolitiche-delladriatico-e-del-mediterraneo-centrale/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">.dark.dotted[Prehistory in Italy]</a>] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Largest of enclosures] - .large[70 acres, 90 .content-box-s-white.dark[C-shaped] ditches] - .large[Rectangular house] </div> <br> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_depth.png" width="41.5%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_recon.png" width="58.5%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:260px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from EBR] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:560px; right:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Mariotti *et al*., 2020] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Farmers and herders] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_burial_2.png" width="40%" style='float:right' /> - .large[Domestic Crops and Animals] - .large[Mainly Sheep and goat] - .large[10-12 Burials] - .large[scattered - secondary burial] - .large[flexed position] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_burial.png" width="60%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Eastern Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:440px; left:220px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-dark.small[Image from Maria *et al*., 2018] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Passo di Corvo, Italy - .yellow[*c.* 6000 BC]] - .large[Artefacts] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/passo_pottery.jpg" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 30px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; left:60px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/route_2.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:640px; right:60px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Pascual *et al*., 2017] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] - .large[Cardial culture on the western Mediterranean] - .large[coastal occupation - periodical visit] - .large[Spot colonization] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/currents.jpg" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; left:140px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from EBR] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; right:120px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Palomo *et al*., 2011] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] - .large[Discovered before 1992 Olympics] - .large[Banyoles Lake - Wetland site] - .large[More inland compare to other Cardial culture sites] - .large[Open-air site, not cave or rockshelter] </div> <div align="center"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_area.png" width="40%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_excavation.png" width="44.2%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; left:140px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:650px; right:170px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Piqué *et al*., 2015] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_wooden.png" width="40%" style='float:right' /> - .large[Waterlogged environment] - .large[organic artefacts] - .large[Wooden utensils: <br> - bowls, ladles, scoops] - .large[Wooden tools: <br> - sickle handle, adze handle<br> - Bow] - .large[Mainly use local woods] - .large[Oak for construction] --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:450px; left:265px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-yellow.dark.small[Wheat] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:320px; left:455px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-yellow.dark.small[Barley] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:620px; left:160px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-yellow.dark.small[Durum Wheat] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:620px; left:690px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-yellow.dark.small[Poppy] </div> <div style="position:absolute; top:660px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Antolín *et al*., 2014] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] - .large[Farming village] - .large[Dominated by (naked) wheat (99%)] - .large[Beans and poppy] </div> <div align="center"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_plant_2.png" width="80%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:100px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Antolín *et al*., 2014] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] - .large[Farming village] - .large[Rely mainly on domestic animals] - .large[Cattle & pigs] </div> <div align="center"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_fauna.png" width="43%" /><img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_slaughter.png" width="57%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Western Mediterranean] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:190px; z-index:1;"> .content-box-s-white.dark.small[Image from Antolín *et al*., 2014] </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[La Draga, Spain - .yellow[*c.* 5000 BC]] - .large[Farming village] - .large[Cattle - traction?] - .large[no concrete evidence] </div> <div align="center"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,#./img/WK06/draga_patho.png" width="70%" /> --- class: content, top, full_slide <div style="background-color: #222831; padding:10px 0px 0px 0px"> <p style="text-align:center;"> .double[Cardial Pottery Culture] </p> <hr style="border:2px solid #FFD369"> </div> <div style="padding:10px 60px 10px 60px"> <div style="position:absolute; top:630px; right:190px; z-index:1;"> </div> <div style="z-index:0;"> .double[Maritime Path] - .large[aDNA analysis suggests both maritime and inland groups shared the same ancestry (derived from first farmers in Balkans)] - .large[Cardial culture population is closer to Sardinians and Basque people] - .large[Limited by coastal landscape] - .large[Adaptation to local resources] - .large[Intergrate with local hunter-gathers<br>.dotted[ (indicated by aDNA)]] - .large[What did the similarity in pottery represent?]