Story -3 : Do stricter gun laws reduce firearm gun deaths?

The CDC publishes firearm mortality for each State per 100,000 persons https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/firearm_mortality/firearm.htm. Each State’ firearm control laws can be categorized as very strict to very lax. The purpose of this Story is to answer the question, ” Do stricter firearm control laws help reduce firearm mortality?”

DATA PREPARATION

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Read Dataframe

##   year_and_quarter                   time_period
## 1          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
## 2          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
## 3          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
## 4          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
## 5          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
## 6          2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter
##                        cause_of_death    rate_type               unit
## 1                          All causes Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
## 2                   Alzheimer disease Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
## 3                            COVID-19 Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
## 4                              Cancer Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
## 5 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
## 6  Chronic lower respiratory diseases Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000
##   rate_overall rate_sex_female rate_sex_male rate_age_1_4 rate_age_5_14
## 1        718.6           605.1         851.0           NA            NA
## 2         29.8            33.6          23.8           NA            NA
## 3          1.7             1.2           2.3           NA            NA
## 4        145.7           126.0         172.2           NA            NA
## 5         11.5             8.1          15.2           NA            NA
## 6         38.0            35.5          41.4           NA            NA
##   rate_age_15_24 rate_age_25_34 rate_age_35_44 rate_age_45_54 rate_age_55_64
## 1             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
## 2             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
## 3             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
## 4             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
## 5             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
## 6             NA             NA             NA             NA             NA
##   rate_65_74 rate_age_75_84 rate_age_85_plus rate_alaska rate_alabama
## 1         NA             NA               NA       691.2        898.2
## 2         NA             NA               NA        24.1         44.6
## 3         NA             NA               NA          NA          0.7
## 4         NA             NA               NA       141.3        159.9
## 5         NA             NA               NA        16.0         13.7
## 6         NA             NA               NA        29.2         54.5
##   rate_arkansas rate_arizona rate_california rate_colorado rate_connecticut
## 1         870.9        664.5           602.7         651.6            646.6
## 2          41.1         32.2            37.2          33.5             17.5
## 3            NA          0.6             0.6           1.6              2.3
## 4         165.8        130.6           131.4         128.0            132.3
## 5          12.9         14.5            12.4          15.0              9.4
## 6          59.4         37.4            28.9          40.7             27.0
##   rate_district_of_columbia rate_delaware rate_florida rate_georgia rate_hawaii
## 1                     715.4         732.1        652.9        776.6       570.9
## 2                      12.1          26.9         18.2         41.8        20.1
## 3                        NA            NA          0.5          1.8          NA
## 4                     147.9         150.5        138.1        150.8       126.4
## 5                       9.2           9.3         11.2         10.2         6.7
## 6                      19.8          34.8         35.1         41.9        17.6
##   rate_iowa rate_idaho rate_illinois rate_indiana rate_kansas rate_kentucky
## 1     735.5      709.1         711.1        832.0       767.1         910.7
## 2      30.4       32.5          24.7         32.4        22.4          31.2
## 3        NA         NA           1.3          1.5          NA           0.6
## 4     150.9      138.4         151.7        164.1       152.1         175.5
## 5       9.7       12.8          10.2         12.9        11.2          13.9
## 6      43.7       44.6          35.1         56.0        46.6          61.6
##   rate_louisiana rate_massachusetts rate_maryland rate_maine rate_michigan
## 1          870.0              656.9         704.7      756.7         782.9
## 2           42.1               17.4          14.1       25.9          33.5
## 3            7.1                1.3           0.6         NA           3.8
## 4          165.1              139.3         142.9      162.8         157.9
## 5            9.7                9.2           8.2       11.0          11.7
## 6           39.5               30.6          28.8       47.5          44.9
##   rate_minnesota rate_missouri rate_mississippi rate_montana
## 1          652.9         804.1            945.4        736.2
## 2           34.7          34.1             48.6         22.2
## 3             NA           0.3              1.0           NA
## 4          141.4         157.4            178.4        138.3
## 5           11.3          10.4             13.6         15.8
## 6           31.8          47.6             57.4         49.3
##   rate_north_carolina rate_north_dakota rate_nebraska rate_new_hampshire
## 1               767.0             728.0         706.1              691.0
## 2                36.9              38.6          30.3               27.5
## 3                 0.2                NA            NA                 NA
## 4               150.9             144.3         148.2              145.4
## 5                11.6              15.3          11.4               11.3
## 6                40.8              35.8          44.4               39.2
##   rate_new_jersey rate_new_mexico rate_nevada rate_new_york rate_ohio
## 1           666.8           758.9       738.4         635.5     827.0
## 2            21.0            21.0        23.0          14.0      33.0
## 3             5.7              NA         0.9          10.9       0.6
## 4           135.9           129.6       145.3         133.3     161.4
## 5             7.9            26.4        13.2           7.2      11.3
## 6            25.8            39.8        47.3          27.5      46.2
##   rate_oklahoma rate_oregon rate_pennsylvania rate_rhode_island
## 1         876.7       695.4             750.4             704.3
## 2          37.8        37.4              20.7              29.0
## 3           0.7         0.5               0.6                NA
## 4         171.3       145.1             154.3             151.7
## 5          15.6        12.9               8.7              11.1
## 6          61.8        37.4              34.4              34.5
##   rate_south_carolina rate_south_dakota rate_tennessee rate_texas rate_utah
## 1               809.9             738.5          889.6      717.5     687.6
## 2                38.2              39.1           40.8       38.5      40.3
## 3                 0.5                NA            0.4        0.3        NA
## 4               154.6             155.4          165.3      141.8     116.5
## 5                13.2              18.6           14.1       14.4       8.6
## 6                42.8              45.8           53.4       37.8      31.3
##   rate_virginia rate_vermont rate_washington rate_wisconsin rate_west_virginia
## 1         709.4        685.2           663.9          729.6              950.4
## 2          27.0         32.9            41.2           31.1               32.8
## 3           0.6           NA             3.1            0.6                 NA
## 4         147.1        148.6           140.8          149.7              175.4
## 5          10.3          8.9            12.2           10.3               16.4
## 6          36.0         38.4            32.6           37.3               62.1
##   rate_wyoming
## 1        739.4
## 2         34.6
## 3           NA
## 4        137.9
## 5         21.0
## 6         53.8

# Select Rows by Equal Condition

##     year_and_quarter                   time_period         cause_of_death
## 10           2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 32           2020 Q1                3-month period Firearm-related injury
## 54           2020 Q2 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 76           2020 Q2                3-month period Firearm-related injury
## 98           2020 Q3 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 120          2020 Q3                3-month period Firearm-related injury
##        rate_type               unit rate_overall rate_sex_female rate_sex_male
## 10  Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         12.0             3.4          21.1
## 32  Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         12.1             3.2          21.3
## 54  Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         12.3             3.4          21.6
## 76  Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         13.1             3.7          22.9
## 98  Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         13.0             3.6          22.7
## 120 Age-adjusted Deaths per 100,000         14.9             4.2          26.0
##     rate_age_1_4 rate_age_5_14 rate_age_15_24 rate_age_25_34 rate_age_35_44
## 10            NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
## 32            NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
## 54            NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
## 76            NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
## 98            NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
## 120           NA            NA             NA             NA             NA
##     rate_age_45_54 rate_age_55_64 rate_65_74 rate_age_75_84 rate_age_85_plus
## 10              NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
## 32              NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
## 54              NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
## 76              NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
## 98              NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
## 120             NA             NA         NA             NA               NA
##     rate_alaska rate_alabama rate_arkansas rate_arizona rate_california
## 10         23.0         21.8          19.7         15.4             7.3
## 32         21.4         23.0          20.8         15.9             7.5
## 54         22.7         22.6          22.0         14.8             7.5
## 76         20.2         23.4          27.1         15.4             7.9
## 98         24.5         23.1          21.5         15.9             7.8
## 120        26.4         24.9          21.3         18.4             9.2
##     rate_colorado rate_connecticut rate_district_of_columbia rate_delaware
## 10           14.3              5.4                      19.3          10.4
## 32           14.2              5.6                      19.7          12.8
## 54           14.7              5.2                      20.0          12.2
## 76           16.3              4.2                      21.5          12.7
## 98           15.5              5.5                      20.3          13.6
## 120          17.9              6.8                      21.9          16.2
##     rate_florida rate_georgia rate_hawaii rate_iowa rate_idaho rate_illinois
## 10          12.9         15.9         4.0       9.4       15.8          10.9
## 32          13.2         15.9         3.6       9.9       17.7           9.8
## 54          12.9         16.1         3.7      10.0       16.3          12.1
## 76          12.8         16.8         2.9      11.7       18.2          15.8
## 98          13.5         16.7         3.8      11.1       16.5          13.3
## 120         14.7         18.9         4.2      13.3       15.0          17.4
##     rate_indiana rate_kansas rate_kentucky rate_louisiana rate_massachusetts
## 10          14.6        14.3          15.8           22.1                3.5
## 32          15.3        14.0          17.3           20.7                3.1
## 54          15.0        15.3          15.9           22.4                3.6
## 76          15.3        17.6          17.6           23.5                3.8
## 98          16.1        16.2          18.0           24.4                3.9
## 120         19.7        17.4          22.9           30.6                4.8
##     rate_maryland rate_maine rate_michigan rate_minnesota rate_missouri
## 10           12.5       10.5          12.6            8.2          20.8
## 32           10.7       12.5          12.3            7.6          19.0
## 54           13.1       10.3          12.7            8.3          21.8
## 76           14.6        8.3          13.1            8.2          24.6
## 98           13.0       10.7          13.3            8.4          23.1
## 120          13.9       10.1          15.4            9.8          28.5
##     rate_mississippi rate_montana rate_north_carolina rate_north_dakota
## 10              23.5         20.2                13.6              12.8
## 32              21.9         24.8                15.1              13.8
## 54              24.4         21.5                14.1              11.2
## 76              29.0         23.2                15.4              12.0
## 98              26.6         20.6                14.9              12.4
## 120             32.3         16.8                16.7              13.7
##     rate_nebraska rate_new_hampshire rate_new_jersey rate_new_mexico
## 10            9.5               10.1             4.2            22.7
## 32            7.8                7.4             3.8            20.7
## 54            8.9                9.1             4.4            22.0
## 76            9.8                5.7             4.8            20.0
## 98            9.2                9.0             4.8            22.3
## 120          11.4               12.6             5.9            26.9
##     rate_nevada rate_new_york rate_ohio rate_oklahoma rate_oregon
## 10         15.5           4.0      13.4          19.2        12.2
## 32         16.3           4.0      12.5          20.7        11.4
## 54         15.6           4.5      13.6          20.2        12.3
## 76         15.8           5.5      14.5          21.7        12.5
## 98         16.2           5.1      14.5          20.0        12.1
## 120        17.2           7.1      17.9          19.9        13.1
##     rate_pennsylvania rate_rhode_island rate_south_carolina rate_south_dakota
## 10               12.1               4.3                19.9              12.2
## 32               12.0               3.9                20.5               8.5
## 54               12.3               4.1                20.7              12.0
## 76               12.2               4.9                21.9              11.8
## 98               12.9               4.4                21.5              12.5
## 120              15.0               4.6                24.2              17.8
##     rate_tennessee rate_texas rate_utah rate_virginia rate_vermont
## 10            18.8       12.9      12.5          12.4          9.7
## 32            18.0       13.1      11.9          13.7         10.4
## 54            18.9       13.3      13.1          12.2         10.0
## 76            19.5       14.2      14.5          11.7         10.4
## 98            19.9       13.6      13.3          12.9         10.6
## 120           22.9       14.7      13.9          15.1         11.7
##     rate_washington rate_wisconsin rate_west_virginia rate_wyoming
## 10             10.8           10.4               17.7         24.5
## 32             11.0           10.2               19.4         26.8
## 54             10.9           10.6               17.4         25.4
## 76             11.2           10.9               16.2         23.3
## 98             11.0           11.7               16.3         28.2
## 120            11.4           13.9               15.8         34.1

Get All Column Names

##  [1] "year_and_quarter"          "time_period"              
##  [3] "cause_of_death"            "rate_type"                
##  [5] "unit"                      "rate_overall"             
##  [7] "rate_sex_female"           "rate_sex_male"            
##  [9] "rate_age_1_4"              "rate_age_5_14"            
## [11] "rate_age_15_24"            "rate_age_25_34"           
## [13] "rate_age_35_44"            "rate_age_45_54"           
## [15] "rate_age_55_64"            "rate_65_74"               
## [17] "rate_age_75_84"            "rate_age_85_plus"         
## [19] "rate_alaska"               "rate_alabama"             
## [21] "rate_arkansas"             "rate_arizona"             
## [23] "rate_california"           "rate_colorado"            
## [25] "rate_connecticut"          "rate_district_of_columbia"
## [27] "rate_delaware"             "rate_florida"             
## [29] "rate_georgia"              "rate_hawaii"              
## [31] "rate_iowa"                 "rate_idaho"               
## [33] "rate_illinois"             "rate_indiana"             
## [35] "rate_kansas"               "rate_kentucky"            
## [37] "rate_louisiana"            "rate_massachusetts"       
## [39] "rate_maryland"             "rate_maine"               
## [41] "rate_michigan"             "rate_minnesota"           
## [43] "rate_missouri"             "rate_mississippi"         
## [45] "rate_montana"              "rate_north_carolina"      
## [47] "rate_north_dakota"         "rate_nebraska"            
## [49] "rate_new_hampshire"        "rate_new_jersey"          
## [51] "rate_new_mexico"           "rate_nevada"              
## [53] "rate_new_york"             "rate_ohio"                
## [55] "rate_oklahoma"             "rate_oregon"              
## [57] "rate_pennsylvania"         "rate_rhode_island"        
## [59] "rate_south_carolina"       "rate_south_dakota"        
## [61] "rate_tennessee"            "rate_texas"               
## [63] "rate_utah"                 "rate_virginia"            
## [65] "rate_vermont"              "rate_washington"          
## [67] "rate_wisconsin"            "rate_west_virginia"       
## [69] "rate_wyoming"

Remove Columns Not Needed.

##     year_and_quarter                   time_period         cause_of_death
## 10           2020 Q1 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 32           2020 Q1                3-month period Firearm-related injury
## 54           2020 Q2 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 76           2020 Q2                3-month period Firearm-related injury
## 98           2020 Q3 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
## 120          2020 Q3                3-month period Firearm-related injury
##     rate_alaska rate_alabama rate_arkansas rate_arizona rate_california
## 10         23.0         21.8          19.7         15.4             7.3
## 32         21.4         23.0          20.8         15.9             7.5
## 54         22.7         22.6          22.0         14.8             7.5
## 76         20.2         23.4          27.1         15.4             7.9
## 98         24.5         23.1          21.5         15.9             7.8
## 120        26.4         24.9          21.3         18.4             9.2
##     rate_colorado rate_connecticut rate_district_of_columbia rate_delaware
## 10           14.3              5.4                      19.3          10.4
## 32           14.2              5.6                      19.7          12.8
## 54           14.7              5.2                      20.0          12.2
## 76           16.3              4.2                      21.5          12.7
## 98           15.5              5.5                      20.3          13.6
## 120          17.9              6.8                      21.9          16.2
##     rate_florida rate_georgia rate_hawaii rate_iowa rate_idaho rate_illinois
## 10          12.9         15.9         4.0       9.4       15.8          10.9
## 32          13.2         15.9         3.6       9.9       17.7           9.8
## 54          12.9         16.1         3.7      10.0       16.3          12.1
## 76          12.8         16.8         2.9      11.7       18.2          15.8
## 98          13.5         16.7         3.8      11.1       16.5          13.3
## 120         14.7         18.9         4.2      13.3       15.0          17.4
##     rate_indiana rate_kansas rate_kentucky rate_louisiana rate_massachusetts
## 10          14.6        14.3          15.8           22.1                3.5
## 32          15.3        14.0          17.3           20.7                3.1
## 54          15.0        15.3          15.9           22.4                3.6
## 76          15.3        17.6          17.6           23.5                3.8
## 98          16.1        16.2          18.0           24.4                3.9
## 120         19.7        17.4          22.9           30.6                4.8
##     rate_maryland rate_maine rate_michigan rate_minnesota rate_missouri
## 10           12.5       10.5          12.6            8.2          20.8
## 32           10.7       12.5          12.3            7.6          19.0
## 54           13.1       10.3          12.7            8.3          21.8
## 76           14.6        8.3          13.1            8.2          24.6
## 98           13.0       10.7          13.3            8.4          23.1
## 120          13.9       10.1          15.4            9.8          28.5
##     rate_mississippi rate_montana rate_north_carolina rate_north_dakota
## 10              23.5         20.2                13.6              12.8
## 32              21.9         24.8                15.1              13.8
## 54              24.4         21.5                14.1              11.2
## 76              29.0         23.2                15.4              12.0
## 98              26.6         20.6                14.9              12.4
## 120             32.3         16.8                16.7              13.7
##     rate_nebraska rate_new_hampshire rate_new_jersey rate_new_mexico
## 10            9.5               10.1             4.2            22.7
## 32            7.8                7.4             3.8            20.7
## 54            8.9                9.1             4.4            22.0
## 76            9.8                5.7             4.8            20.0
## 98            9.2                9.0             4.8            22.3
## 120          11.4               12.6             5.9            26.9
##     rate_nevada rate_new_york rate_ohio rate_oklahoma rate_oregon
## 10         15.5           4.0      13.4          19.2        12.2
## 32         16.3           4.0      12.5          20.7        11.4
## 54         15.6           4.5      13.6          20.2        12.3
## 76         15.8           5.5      14.5          21.7        12.5
## 98         16.2           5.1      14.5          20.0        12.1
## 120        17.2           7.1      17.9          19.9        13.1
##     rate_pennsylvania rate_rhode_island rate_south_carolina rate_south_dakota
## 10               12.1               4.3                19.9              12.2
## 32               12.0               3.9                20.5               8.5
## 54               12.3               4.1                20.7              12.0
## 76               12.2               4.9                21.9              11.8
## 98               12.9               4.4                21.5              12.5
## 120              15.0               4.6                24.2              17.8
##     rate_tennessee rate_texas rate_utah rate_virginia rate_vermont
## 10            18.8       12.9      12.5          12.4          9.7
## 32            18.0       13.1      11.9          13.7         10.4
## 54            18.9       13.3      13.1          12.2         10.0
## 76            19.5       14.2      14.5          11.7         10.4
## 98            19.9       13.6      13.3          12.9         10.6
## 120           22.9       14.7      13.9          15.1         11.7
##     rate_washington rate_wisconsin rate_west_virginia rate_wyoming
## 10             10.8           10.4               17.7         24.5
## 32             11.0           10.2               19.4         26.8
## 54             10.9           10.6               17.4         25.4
## 76             11.2           10.9               16.2         23.3
## 98             11.0           11.7               16.3         28.2
## 120            11.4           13.9               15.8         34.1

As per dataset, /nchs/pressroom/states/alabama/al.htm, use only the first set of Q4 12 month ending with qtr for each year. Remove 2022 Q4 12 month, not available. Also remove 2021 because I only found data for 2020 Gun Law Score Card.

##     year_and_quarter                   time_period         cause_of_death
## 142          2020 Q4 12 months ending with quarter Firearm-related injury
##     rate_alaska rate_alabama rate_arkansas rate_arizona rate_california
## 142        23.5         23.6          22.6         16.7             8.5
##     rate_colorado rate_connecticut rate_district_of_columbia rate_delaware
## 142          15.4                6                      21.9          14.4
##     rate_florida rate_georgia rate_hawaii rate_iowa rate_idaho rate_illinois
## 142         13.7         17.7         3.4      11.2       17.6          14.1
##     rate_indiana rate_kansas rate_kentucky rate_louisiana rate_massachusetts
## 142         17.3        16.9          20.1           26.3                3.7
##     rate_maryland rate_maine rate_michigan rate_minnesota rate_missouri
## 142          13.5       10.4          14.6            8.9          23.9
##     rate_mississippi rate_montana rate_north_carolina rate_north_dakota
## 142             28.6         20.9                  16              13.8
##     rate_nebraska rate_new_hampshire rate_new_jersey rate_new_mexico
## 142          10.1                8.9               5            22.7
##     rate_nevada rate_new_york rate_ohio rate_oklahoma rate_oregon
## 142          17           5.3      15.2          20.7          13
##     rate_pennsylvania rate_rhode_island rate_south_carolina rate_south_dakota
## 142              13.6               5.1                  22              13.6
##     rate_tennessee rate_texas rate_utah rate_virginia rate_vermont
## 142           21.3       14.2      13.6          13.4         11.6
##     rate_washington rate_wisconsin rate_west_virginia rate_wyoming
## 142            10.9           12.2               18.1         25.9

Remove Columns Not Needed

##     year_and_quarter rate_alaska rate_alabama rate_arkansas rate_arizona
## 142          2020 Q4        23.5         23.6          22.6         16.7
##     rate_california rate_colorado rate_connecticut rate_district_of_columbia
## 142             8.5          15.4                6                      21.9
##     rate_delaware rate_florida rate_georgia rate_hawaii rate_iowa rate_idaho
## 142          14.4         13.7         17.7         3.4      11.2       17.6
##     rate_illinois rate_indiana rate_kansas rate_kentucky rate_louisiana
## 142          14.1         17.3        16.9          20.1           26.3
##     rate_massachusetts rate_maryland rate_maine rate_michigan rate_minnesota
## 142                3.7          13.5       10.4          14.6            8.9
##     rate_missouri rate_mississippi rate_montana rate_north_carolina
## 142          23.9             28.6         20.9                  16
##     rate_north_dakota rate_nebraska rate_new_hampshire rate_new_jersey
## 142              13.8          10.1                8.9               5
##     rate_new_mexico rate_nevada rate_new_york rate_ohio rate_oklahoma
## 142            22.7          17           5.3      15.2          20.7
##     rate_oregon rate_pennsylvania rate_rhode_island rate_south_carolina
## 142          13              13.6               5.1                  22
##     rate_south_dakota rate_tennessee rate_texas rate_utah rate_virginia
## 142              13.6           21.3       14.2      13.6          13.4
##     rate_vermont rate_washington rate_wisconsin rate_west_virginia rate_wyoming
## 142         11.6            10.9           12.2               18.1         25.9

Rename Columns to their Abbreviations

##        Year   AK   AL   AR   AZ  CA   CO CT   DC   DE   FL   GA  HI   IA   ID
## 142 2020 Q4 23.5 23.6 22.6 16.7 8.5 15.4  6 21.9 14.4 13.7 17.7 3.4 11.2 17.6
##       IL   IN   KS   KY   LA  MA   MD   ME   MI  MN   MO   MS   MT NC   ND   NE
## 142 14.1 17.3 16.9 20.1 26.3 3.7 13.5 10.4 14.6 8.9 23.9 28.6 20.9 16 13.8 10.1
##      NH NJ   NM NV  NY   OH   OK OR   PA  RI SC   SD   TN   TX   UT   VA   VT
## 142 8.9  5 22.7 17 5.3 15.2 20.7 13 13.6 5.1 22 13.6 21.3 14.2 13.6 13.4 11.6
##       WA   WI   WV   WY
## 142 10.9 12.2 18.1 25.9

Replace “2020 Q4” with “2020” in the “ColumnName” column

##     Year   AK   AL   AR   AZ  CA   CO CT   DC   DE   FL   GA  HI   IA   ID   IL
## 142 2020 23.5 23.6 22.6 16.7 8.5 15.4  6 21.9 14.4 13.7 17.7 3.4 11.2 17.6 14.1
##       IN   KS   KY   LA  MA   MD   ME   MI  MN   MO   MS   MT NC   ND   NE  NH
## 142 17.3 16.9 20.1 26.3 3.7 13.5 10.4 14.6 8.9 23.9 28.6 20.9 16 13.8 10.1 8.9
##     NJ   NM NV  NY   OH   OK OR   PA  RI SC   SD   TN   TX   UT   VA   VT   WA
## 142  5 22.7 17 5.3 15.2 20.7 13 13.6 5.1 22 13.6 21.3 14.2 13.6 13.4 11.6 10.9
##       WI   WV   WY
## 142 12.2 18.1 25.9

Summary of the List is Obtained

## 'data.frame':    1 obs. of  52 variables:
##  $ Year: chr "2020"
##  $ AK  : num 23.5
##  $ AL  : num 23.6
##  $ AR  : num 22.6
##  $ AZ  : num 16.7
##  $ CA  : num 8.5
##  $ CO  : num 15.4
##  $ CT  : num 6
##  $ DC  : num 21.9
##  $ DE  : num 14.4
##  $ FL  : num 13.7
##  $ GA  : num 17.7
##  $ HI  : num 3.4
##  $ IA  : num 11.2
##  $ ID  : num 17.6
##  $ IL  : num 14.1
##  $ IN  : num 17.3
##  $ KS  : num 16.9
##  $ KY  : num 20.1
##  $ LA  : num 26.3
##  $ MA  : num 3.7
##  $ MD  : num 13.5
##  $ ME  : num 10.4
##  $ MI  : num 14.6
##  $ MN  : num 8.9
##  $ MO  : num 23.9
##  $ MS  : num 28.6
##  $ MT  : num 20.9
##  $ NC  : num 16
##  $ ND  : num 13.8
##  $ NE  : num 10.1
##  $ NH  : num 8.9
##  $ NJ  : num 5
##  $ NM  : num 22.7
##  $ NV  : num 17
##  $ NY  : num 5.3
##  $ OH  : num 15.2
##  $ OK  : num 20.7
##  $ OR  : num 13
##  $ PA  : num 13.6
##  $ RI  : num 5.1
##  $ SC  : num 22
##  $ SD  : num 13.6
##  $ TN  : num 21.3
##  $ TX  : num 14.2
##  $ UT  : num 13.6
##  $ VA  : num 13.4
##  $ VT  : num 11.6
##  $ WA  : num 10.9
##  $ WI  : num 12.2
##  $ WV  : num 18.1
##  $ WY  : num 25.9

Remove Row Names (Index Numbers)

##   Year   AK   AL   AR   AZ  CA   CO CT   DC   DE   FL   GA  HI   IA   ID   IL
## 1 2020 23.5 23.6 22.6 16.7 8.5 15.4  6 21.9 14.4 13.7 17.7 3.4 11.2 17.6 14.1
##     IN   KS   KY   LA  MA   MD   ME   MI  MN   MO   MS   MT NC   ND   NE  NH NJ
## 1 17.3 16.9 20.1 26.3 3.7 13.5 10.4 14.6 8.9 23.9 28.6 20.9 16 13.8 10.1 8.9  5
##     NM NV  NY   OH   OK OR   PA  RI SC   SD   TN   TX   UT   VA   VT   WA   WI
## 1 22.7 17 5.3 15.2 20.7 13 13.6 5.1 22 13.6 21.3 14.2 13.6 13.4 11.6 10.9 12.2
##     WV   WY
## 1 18.1 25.9

Remove Columns Name Needed

##     AK   AL   AR   AZ  CA   CO CT   DC   DE   FL   GA  HI   IA   ID   IL   IN
## 1 23.5 23.6 22.6 16.7 8.5 15.4  6 21.9 14.4 13.7 17.7 3.4 11.2 17.6 14.1 17.3
##     KS   KY   LA  MA   MD   ME   MI  MN   MO   MS   MT NC   ND   NE  NH NJ   NM
## 1 16.9 20.1 26.3 3.7 13.5 10.4 14.6 8.9 23.9 28.6 20.9 16 13.8 10.1 8.9  5 22.7
##   NV  NY   OH   OK OR   PA  RI SC   SD   TN   TX   UT   VA   VT   WA   WI   WV
## 1 17 5.3 15.2 20.7 13 13.6 5.1 22 13.6 21.3 14.2 13.6 13.4 11.6 10.9 12.2 18.1
##     WY
## 1 25.9

Use Pivot_Longer to Bring Columns to Rows

## # A tibble: 6 × 2
##   State.Abrev Mortality.Rate
##   <chr>                <dbl>
## 1 AK                    23.5
## 2 AL                    23.6
## 3 AR                    22.6
## 4 AZ                    16.7
## 5 CA                     8.5
## 6 CO                    15.4

Added ID column to prepare to merge both MORTALITYRATE AND GUNLAW dataset

## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##      ID State.Abrev Mortality.Rate
##   <int> <chr>                <dbl>
## 1     1 AK                    23.5
## 2     2 AL                    23.6
## 3     3 AR                    22.6
## 4     4 AZ                    16.7
## 5     5 CA                     8.5
## 6     6 CO                    15.4

Upload my own dataset I created with info. from (2020)Annual Gun Law Scoreboard https://giffords.org/lawcenter/resources/scorecard2021/?scorecard=AK

##   Gun.Law.Strength.Ranked.      State Grade Grade.Rank Gun.Death.Rate.Ranked.
## 1                       41     Alaska     F          5                      6
## 2                       31    Alabama     F          5                      5
## 3                       50   Arkansas     F          5                      8
## 4                       42    Arizona     F          5                     20
## 5                        1 California     A          1                     44
## 6                       13   Colorado     B          2                     22
##   Gun.Death.Rate.per.100K.
## 1                     23.5
## 2                     23.6
## 3                     22.6
## 4                     16.7
## 5                      8.5
## 6                     15.4

Remove Columns Not Needed

##        State GunLaw.Rank
## 1     Alaska           5
## 2    Alabama           5
## 3   Arkansas           5
## 4    Arizona           5
## 5 California           1
## 6   Colorado           2

Added ID column to prepare to merge both MORTALITYRATE AND GUNLAW dataset

##   ID      State GunLaw.Rank
## 1  1     Alaska           5
## 2  2    Alabama           5
## 3  3   Arkansas           5
## 4  4    Arizona           5
## 5  5 California           1
## 6  6   Colorado           2

Merge the data frames based on a common column, e.g., ‘ID’

##   ID State.Abrev Mortality.Rate      State GunLaw.Rank
## 1  1          AK           23.5     Alaska           5
## 2  2          AL           23.6    Alabama           5
## 3  3          AR           22.6   Arkansas           5
## 4  4          AZ           16.7    Arizona           5
## 5  5          CA            8.5 California           1
## 6  6          CO           15.4   Colorado           2

Reorder The Columns

##   ID      State State.Abrev GunLaw.Rank Mortality.Rate
## 1  1     Alaska          AK           5           23.5
## 2  2    Alabama          AL           5           23.6
## 3  3   Arkansas          AR           5           22.6
## 4  4    Arizona          AZ           5           16.7
## 5  5 California          CA           1            8.5
## 6  6   Colorado          CO           2           15.4

ANALYSIS

Create a Choropleth Interactive Heat Map For 2020 USA Mortality Rate(Hover over the States)

Create a Choropleth Interactive Heat Map For 2020 USA Gun Law Rank(Hover over the States)

CONCLUSION

In comparing both maps 2020 USA Mortality Rate and 2020 USA Gun Law Rank, stricter gun laws reduce firearm gun deaths? If you see the state where the gun laws ranking are 1, which is an A, that state have less mortality rate. For example California and New York. For the state where the gun laws ranking are 5, which is an F, that state has a higher mortality rate. For example Mississippi and Alaska. Then again this analysis is only for 2020. An analysis has to be done for over a couple of years to really determine if stricter gun laws reduce firearm gun deaths. Gun laws do save lives.