Biểu Đồ Thực Tế

Ví dụ 1:

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

pham_vi <- c("[65,75)", "[75,85)", "[85,95)","[95,105)", "[105,115)", "[115,125)")

so_nguoi <- c(1,7,24,35,25,8)
data <- data.frame(pham_vi, so_nguoi)
data

##     pham_vi so_nguoi
## 1   [65,75)        1
## 2   [75,85)        7
## 3   [85,95)       24
## 4  [95,105)       35
## 5 [105,115)       25
## 6 [115,125)        8

ggplot(data, aes(x = factor(pham_vi, levels = pham_vi), y = so_nguoi))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "cornflowerblue", color = "black")

data %>% filter(so_nguoi > 1) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = factor(pham_vi, levels = pham_vi), y = so_nguoi))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "cornflowerblue", color = "black")+
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0,40,10), limits = c(0, 40))+
  theme(
    panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "blue"),
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, color = "black"),
    axis.line.y = element_line(colour = "blue")
  )+
  labs(title = "Glucoza máu người bình thường", 
       x = "Glucoza máu (mg%)",
       y = "Tần số")

Ví dụ 2:

chieu_cao <- c("[152,155)", "[155,158)", "[158,161)", "[161,164)", "[164,167)", "[167,170)", "[170,173)", "[173,176)")

so_nguoi <- c(263, 460, 540, 385, 204, 70, 20, 6)

data1 <- data.frame(chieu_cao, so_nguoi)

ggplot(data1, aes(x = chieu_cao, y = so_nguoi))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "indianred", color = "black")+
  theme(
    panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "blue"),
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    plot.title = element_text(colour = "black", hjust = 0.5),
    axis.text.x = element_text(colour = "black", size = 10),
    axis.line.y = element_line(color = "blue") 
  )+
  labs(title = "Chiều cao thanh niên 17 tuổi",
       x = "Chiều cao (cm)",
       y = "Tần số")+
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0,600, 100), limits = c(0,600))

Ví dụ 3

tinh_trang <- c("Thiếu cân", "Bình thường", "Thừa cân", "Béo phì")
so_nguoi <- c(107, 857, 238, 15)
ti_le <- c(8.8, 70.4, 19.6, 1.2)

data2 <- data.frame(tinh_trang, so_nguoi, ti_le)
nhan_ti_le <- paste0(ti_le,"%")
nhan_ti_le

## [1] "8.8%"  "70.4%" "19.6%" "1.2%"

ggplot(data2, aes(x = factor(tinh_trang, levels = tinh_trang), y = ti_le))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "indianred", color = "black")+
  geom_text(aes(label = nhan_ti_le), vjust = -0.5, color = "blue")+
  theme(
    panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "blue"),
    panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12, color = "black"),
    axis.line.y = element_line(color = "blue"),
    plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5)
  )+
  labs(title = "Tỉ lệ (%)",
       x = "",
       y = "")+
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 80, 10), labels = scales::percent(seq(0, 80, 10)/100), limits = c(0,80))

library(ggrepel)
ggplot(data2, aes(x = "", y = ti_le, fill = tinh_trang))+
  geom_col(color = "black")+
  labs(x = "",
       y = "",
       title = "Tỷ lệ %")+
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, face = "bold"))+
  coord_polar(theta = "y")+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel1")+
  geom_label_repel(data = data2, aes(y = ti_le, label = nhan_ti_le),
                   size = 4.5, nudge_x = 1, show.legend = F)

library(ggrepel)
ggplot(data2, aes(x = "", y = ti_le, fill = tinh_trang))+
  geom_col(color = "black")+
  geom_text(aes(label = nhan_ti_le), position = position_stack(vjust = 0.6), size = 4.5)+
  labs(x = "",
       y = "",
       title = "Tỷ lệ %")+
  theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, face = "bold"))+
  coord_polar(theta = "y")+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel1")

ggplot(data2, aes(x = "", y = ti_le, fill = tinh_trang))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity" ,position = "stack")+
  coord_polar(theta = "y")+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette = "pastel1")

## Warning in pal_name(palette, type): Unknown palette pastel1

ggplot(data2, aes(x = factor(tinh_trang, levels = tinh_trang), y = ti_le, group = 1))+
  geom_line(linewidth = 2, color = "red")+
  geom_point(shape = 23, size = 4, fill = "blue")

Ví dụ 4:

tinh_trang <- c("Thiếu cân", "Bình thường", "Thừa cân","Béo phì")
nam <- c(76,622,153,11)
nu <- c(31,235,85,4)
data3 <- data.frame(tinh_trang, nam, nu)

ggplot(data3, aes(x = tinh_trang, y = nam+nu))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity",position = position_dodge())

library(tidyr)
data3 <- data.frame(tinh_trang, nam, nu)
data4 <- gather(data3, value = "values", key = "sex", nam:nu)
pltdata <- data4 %>%
  group_by(tinh_trang)

ggplot(data = pltdata, aes(x = tinh_trang,y = values, fill = sex))+
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = position_dodge(preserve = "single"))+
  labs(title = "Phân bố theo giới tính",
       x = "Tình trạng",
       y = "Số người")