1

library(readxl)
mlu_data<- read_excel("/Users/andahui/Desktop/mlu.xls",sheet = 2)
mlu_data->copy_mlu_data

2

unique(copy_mlu_data$age)
## [1] "A0" "A1" "A2"

3

library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
copy_mlu_data<- rename(copy_mlu_data, utterances =  utterances_mlu )
copy_mlu_data<- rename(copy_mlu_data, words = words_mlu)

4

copy_mlu_data$mlu<- copy_mlu_data$words/copy_mlu_data$utterances

5

summary(copy_mlu_data$mlu)
##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   1.730   2.447   2.745   2.696   2.916   3.476

6

copy_mlu_data$grade <- ifelse(copy_mlu_data$mlu >= 2.916,"A", ifelse(copy_mlu_data$mlu >= 2.745, "B", ifelse(copy_mlu_data$mlu >= 2.447,"C", "D")))

8

library(ggplot2)
qplot(copy_mlu_data$age,copy_mlu_data$mlu)
## Warning: `qplot()` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.