For this assignment, we analyzed a file containing data elements about Titanic travelers from http://www.personal.psu.edu/dlp/w540/datasets/titanicsurvival.csv into an R dataset.
This dataset contains the following four variables and has no missing data.
This was calculated by using a simple “tally” of the observations in the dataset.
The result shows us that there were 2,201 observations in the dataset, which, in this case, means 2,201 passenger records. (Interesting to note that this is lower than the 2,224 passengers and crew reported in Dr. Passmore’s assignment introduction.)
To determine this, we must filter out the number of survivors (1) from the dataset, then calculate what percent the survivors represent of the total number of passengers. To do this, I used the following:
The result shows us that there were 711 survivors, which, when rounded, means that 32% of the ship’s passengers survived. (Again, interesting to note that this does not correspond with the information in Dr. Passmore’s assignment introduction, but since the number of observations in this dataset was lower than his reported 2,224, it makes sense that the number of survivors indicated in this dataset would also be slightly lower.)
To determine this, we must first select a single class of passengers, then calculate how many of that class survived. Finally, we calculate what percent the survivors in that class represent of the total number of passengers in that class. To do this, I used the following:
The result shows us that 29.8% of crew, 28.6% of first class, 16.6%% of second class, and 25% of third class passengers survived.
To determine this, we must determine how many male and female passengers were aboard by filtering each from the total number of passengers. Then we filter the number of male survivors, then do the same for the female survivors. Finally, we calculate what percent of each sex survived. To do this, I used the following:
The result shows us that 21% of men and 73% of women survived the sinking of the Titanic. Women had the highest survival rate.
To determine this, we must determine how many adult and how many child passengers were aboard by filtering each from the total number of passengers. Then we filter the number of adult survivors, then do the same for the child survivors. Finally, we calculate what percent of each age category survived. To do this, I used the following:
The result shows us that 31% of adults and 52% of children survived the sinking of the Titanic. Adults had the lowest survival rate.
There were the following survival rates among men, women, boys, and girls:
There were the following survival rates for each age, sex, and class category:
Second class male passengers had the highest mortality in this disaster. There were not enough life boats and there was a general “women and children first” policy that accounts for the fact that men, in general, had a higher mortality rate. First class men might have had a better survival rate simply because of their status…they were more likely to take places they felt they “deserved” in the lifeboats. The second class passengers were “second priority” in all likelihood, to the first class passengers. Given the higher numbers of children in second class than first and the high survival rates of the women and children in second class, the second class men may have lost more lives in a valient attempt to help “women and children first.”