data("VADeaths")
if (!is.data.frame(VADeaths)) {
VADeaths <- data.frame(VADeaths)
}
VADeaths$Total <- rowSums(VADeaths)
VADeaths <- VADeaths[, c("Total", names(VADeaths)[1:4])]
print(VADeaths)
## Total Rural.Male Rural.Female Urban.Male Urban.Female
## 50-54 44.2 11.7 8.7 15.4 8.4
## 55-59 67.7 18.1 11.7 24.3 13.6
## 60-64 103.5 26.9 20.3 37.0 19.3
## 65-69 161.6 41.0 30.9 54.6 35.1
## 70-74 241.4 66.0 54.3 71.1 50.0
if (!is.data.frame(state.x77)) {
state.x77 <- data.frame(state.x77)
}
low_income_states <- state.x77[state.x77$Income < 4300, ]
print(low_income_states)
## Population Income Illiteracy Life.Exp Murder HS.Grad Frost
## Alabama 3615 3624 2.1 69.05 15.1 41.3 20
## Arkansas 2110 3378 1.9 70.66 10.1 39.9 65
## Georgia 4931 4091 2.0 68.54 13.9 40.6 60
## Idaho 813 4119 0.6 71.87 5.3 59.5 126
## Kentucky 3387 3712 1.6 70.10 10.6 38.5 95
## Louisiana 3806 3545 2.8 68.76 13.2 42.2 12
## Maine 1058 3694 0.7 70.39 2.7 54.7 161
## Mississippi 2341 3098 2.4 68.09 12.5 41.0 50
## Missouri 4767 4254 0.8 70.69 9.3 48.8 108
## New Hampshire 812 4281 0.7 71.23 3.3 57.6 174
## New Mexico 1144 3601 2.2 70.32 9.7 55.2 120
## North Carolina 5441 3875 1.8 69.21 11.1 38.5 80
## Oklahoma 2715 3983 1.1 71.42 6.4 51.6 82
## South Carolina 2816 3635 2.3 67.96 11.6 37.8 65
## South Dakota 681 4167 0.5 72.08 1.7 53.3 172
## Tennessee 4173 3821 1.7 70.11 11.0 41.8 70
## Texas 12237 4188 2.2 70.90 12.2 47.4 35
## Utah 1203 4022 0.6 72.90 4.5 67.3 137
## Vermont 472 3907 0.6 71.64 5.5 57.1 168
## West Virginia 1799 3617 1.4 69.48 6.7 41.6 100
## Area
## Alabama 50708
## Arkansas 51945
## Georgia 58073
## Idaho 82677
## Kentucky 39650
## Louisiana 44930
## Maine 30920
## Mississippi 47296
## Missouri 68995
## New Hampshire 9027
## New Mexico 121412
## North Carolina 48798
## Oklahoma 68782
## South Carolina 30225
## South Dakota 75955
## Tennessee 41328
## Texas 262134
## Utah 82096
## Vermont 9267
## West Virginia 24070
data("swiss")
selected_rows <- swiss[c(1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13), c("Examination", "Education", "Infant.Mortality")]
selected_rows$Infant.Mortality[selected_rows$Infant.Mortality == 16.5] <- 2
total_row <- colSums(selected_rows, na.rm = TRUE) # Include NA values
selected_rows_total <- rbind(selected_rows, Total = total_row)
selected_rows_total[, "Proportion"] <- selected_rows_total$Examination / selected_rows_total$Total
selected_rows_total
## Examination Education Infant.Mortality Proportion
## Courtelary 15 12 22.2 NA
## Delemont 6 9 22.2 NA
## Franches-Mnt 5 5 20.2 NA
## Sarine 16 13 24.4 NA
## Veveyse 14 6 24.5 NA
## Aigle 21 12 2.0 NA
## Aubonne 14 7 19.1 NA
## Total 91 64 134.6 NA
data("state")
state_df <- data.frame(state.abb, state.area, state.division, state.name, state.region)
rownames(state_df) <- state_df$state.name
state_df$state.name <- NULL
state_df
## state.abb state.area state.division state.region
## Alabama AL 51609 East South Central South
## Alaska AK 589757 Pacific West
## Arizona AZ 113909 Mountain West
## Arkansas AR 53104 West South Central South
## California CA 158693 Pacific West
## Colorado CO 104247 Mountain West
## Connecticut CT 5009 New England Northeast
## Delaware DE 2057 South Atlantic South
## Florida FL 58560 South Atlantic South
## Georgia GA 58876 South Atlantic South
## Hawaii HI 6450 Pacific West
## Idaho ID 83557 Mountain West
## Illinois IL 56400 East North Central North Central
## Indiana IN 36291 East North Central North Central
## Iowa IA 56290 West North Central North Central
## Kansas KS 82264 West North Central North Central
## Kentucky KY 40395 East South Central South
## Louisiana LA 48523 West South Central South
## Maine ME 33215 New England Northeast
## Maryland MD 10577 South Atlantic South
## Massachusetts MA 8257 New England Northeast
## Michigan MI 58216 East North Central North Central
## Minnesota MN 84068 West North Central North Central
## Mississippi MS 47716 East South Central South
## Missouri MO 69686 West North Central North Central
## Montana MT 147138 Mountain West
## Nebraska NE 77227 West North Central North Central
## Nevada NV 110540 Mountain West
## New Hampshire NH 9304 New England Northeast
## New Jersey NJ 7836 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## New Mexico NM 121666 Mountain West
## New York NY 49576 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## North Carolina NC 52586 South Atlantic South
## North Dakota ND 70665 West North Central North Central
## Ohio OH 41222 East North Central North Central
## Oklahoma OK 69919 West South Central South
## Oregon OR 96981 Pacific West
## Pennsylvania PA 45333 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## Rhode Island RI 1214 New England Northeast
## South Carolina SC 31055 South Atlantic South
## South Dakota SD 77047 West North Central North Central
## Tennessee TN 42244 East South Central South
## Texas TX 267339 West South Central South
## Utah UT 84916 Mountain West
## Vermont VT 9609 New England Northeast
## Virginia VA 40815 South Atlantic South
## Washington WA 68192 Pacific West
## West Virginia WV 24181 South Atlantic South
## Wisconsin WI 56154 East North Central North Central
## Wyoming WY 97914 Mountain West
data("state.x77")
## Warning in data("state.x77"): data set 'state.x77' not found
state_x77_combined <- cbind(state.x77, state_df)
state_x77_combined
## Population Income Illiteracy Life Exp Murder HS Grad Frost
## Alabama 3615 3624 2.1 69.05 15.1 41.3 20
## Alaska 365 6315 1.5 69.31 11.3 66.7 152
## Arizona 2212 4530 1.8 70.55 7.8 58.1 15
## Arkansas 2110 3378 1.9 70.66 10.1 39.9 65
## California 21198 5114 1.1 71.71 10.3 62.6 20
## Colorado 2541 4884 0.7 72.06 6.8 63.9 166
## Connecticut 3100 5348 1.1 72.48 3.1 56.0 139
## Delaware 579 4809 0.9 70.06 6.2 54.6 103
## Florida 8277 4815 1.3 70.66 10.7 52.6 11
## Georgia 4931 4091 2.0 68.54 13.9 40.6 60
## Hawaii 868 4963 1.9 73.60 6.2 61.9 0
## Idaho 813 4119 0.6 71.87 5.3 59.5 126
## Illinois 11197 5107 0.9 70.14 10.3 52.6 127
## Indiana 5313 4458 0.7 70.88 7.1 52.9 122
## Iowa 2861 4628 0.5 72.56 2.3 59.0 140
## Kansas 2280 4669 0.6 72.58 4.5 59.9 114
## Kentucky 3387 3712 1.6 70.10 10.6 38.5 95
## Louisiana 3806 3545 2.8 68.76 13.2 42.2 12
## Maine 1058 3694 0.7 70.39 2.7 54.7 161
## Maryland 4122 5299 0.9 70.22 8.5 52.3 101
## Massachusetts 5814 4755 1.1 71.83 3.3 58.5 103
## Michigan 9111 4751 0.9 70.63 11.1 52.8 125
## Minnesota 3921 4675 0.6 72.96 2.3 57.6 160
## Mississippi 2341 3098 2.4 68.09 12.5 41.0 50
## Missouri 4767 4254 0.8 70.69 9.3 48.8 108
## Montana 746 4347 0.6 70.56 5.0 59.2 155
## Nebraska 1544 4508 0.6 72.60 2.9 59.3 139
## Nevada 590 5149 0.5 69.03 11.5 65.2 188
## New Hampshire 812 4281 0.7 71.23 3.3 57.6 174
## New Jersey 7333 5237 1.1 70.93 5.2 52.5 115
## New Mexico 1144 3601 2.2 70.32 9.7 55.2 120
## New York 18076 4903 1.4 70.55 10.9 52.7 82
## North Carolina 5441 3875 1.8 69.21 11.1 38.5 80
## North Dakota 637 5087 0.8 72.78 1.4 50.3 186
## Ohio 10735 4561 0.8 70.82 7.4 53.2 124
## Oklahoma 2715 3983 1.1 71.42 6.4 51.6 82
## Oregon 2284 4660 0.6 72.13 4.2 60.0 44
## Pennsylvania 11860 4449 1.0 70.43 6.1 50.2 126
## Rhode Island 931 4558 1.3 71.90 2.4 46.4 127
## South Carolina 2816 3635 2.3 67.96 11.6 37.8 65
## South Dakota 681 4167 0.5 72.08 1.7 53.3 172
## Tennessee 4173 3821 1.7 70.11 11.0 41.8 70
## Texas 12237 4188 2.2 70.90 12.2 47.4 35
## Utah 1203 4022 0.6 72.90 4.5 67.3 137
## Vermont 472 3907 0.6 71.64 5.5 57.1 168
## Virginia 4981 4701 1.4 70.08 9.5 47.8 85
## Washington 3559 4864 0.6 71.72 4.3 63.5 32
## West Virginia 1799 3617 1.4 69.48 6.7 41.6 100
## Wisconsin 4589 4468 0.7 72.48 3.0 54.5 149
## Wyoming 376 4566 0.6 70.29 6.9 62.9 173
## Area state.abb state.area state.division state.region
## Alabama 50708 AL 51609 East South Central South
## Alaska 566432 AK 589757 Pacific West
## Arizona 113417 AZ 113909 Mountain West
## Arkansas 51945 AR 53104 West South Central South
## California 156361 CA 158693 Pacific West
## Colorado 103766 CO 104247 Mountain West
## Connecticut 4862 CT 5009 New England Northeast
## Delaware 1982 DE 2057 South Atlantic South
## Florida 54090 FL 58560 South Atlantic South
## Georgia 58073 GA 58876 South Atlantic South
## Hawaii 6425 HI 6450 Pacific West
## Idaho 82677 ID 83557 Mountain West
## Illinois 55748 IL 56400 East North Central North Central
## Indiana 36097 IN 36291 East North Central North Central
## Iowa 55941 IA 56290 West North Central North Central
## Kansas 81787 KS 82264 West North Central North Central
## Kentucky 39650 KY 40395 East South Central South
## Louisiana 44930 LA 48523 West South Central South
## Maine 30920 ME 33215 New England Northeast
## Maryland 9891 MD 10577 South Atlantic South
## Massachusetts 7826 MA 8257 New England Northeast
## Michigan 56817 MI 58216 East North Central North Central
## Minnesota 79289 MN 84068 West North Central North Central
## Mississippi 47296 MS 47716 East South Central South
## Missouri 68995 MO 69686 West North Central North Central
## Montana 145587 MT 147138 Mountain West
## Nebraska 76483 NE 77227 West North Central North Central
## Nevada 109889 NV 110540 Mountain West
## New Hampshire 9027 NH 9304 New England Northeast
## New Jersey 7521 NJ 7836 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## New Mexico 121412 NM 121666 Mountain West
## New York 47831 NY 49576 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## North Carolina 48798 NC 52586 South Atlantic South
## North Dakota 69273 ND 70665 West North Central North Central
## Ohio 40975 OH 41222 East North Central North Central
## Oklahoma 68782 OK 69919 West South Central South
## Oregon 96184 OR 96981 Pacific West
## Pennsylvania 44966 PA 45333 Middle Atlantic Northeast
## Rhode Island 1049 RI 1214 New England Northeast
## South Carolina 30225 SC 31055 South Atlantic South
## South Dakota 75955 SD 77047 West North Central North Central
## Tennessee 41328 TN 42244 East South Central South
## Texas 262134 TX 267339 West South Central South
## Utah 82096 UT 84916 Mountain West
## Vermont 9267 VT 9609 New England Northeast
## Virginia 39780 VA 40815 South Atlantic South
## Washington 66570 WA 68192 Pacific West
## West Virginia 24070 WV 24181 South Atlantic South
## Wisconsin 54464 WI 56154 East North Central North Central
## Wyoming 97203 WY 97914 Mountain West
state_x77_combined$state.division <- NULL
state_x77_combined
## Population Income Illiteracy Life Exp Murder HS Grad Frost
## Alabama 3615 3624 2.1 69.05 15.1 41.3 20
## Alaska 365 6315 1.5 69.31 11.3 66.7 152
## Arizona 2212 4530 1.8 70.55 7.8 58.1 15
## Arkansas 2110 3378 1.9 70.66 10.1 39.9 65
## California 21198 5114 1.1 71.71 10.3 62.6 20
## Colorado 2541 4884 0.7 72.06 6.8 63.9 166
## Connecticut 3100 5348 1.1 72.48 3.1 56.0 139
## Delaware 579 4809 0.9 70.06 6.2 54.6 103
## Florida 8277 4815 1.3 70.66 10.7 52.6 11
## Georgia 4931 4091 2.0 68.54 13.9 40.6 60
## Hawaii 868 4963 1.9 73.60 6.2 61.9 0
## Idaho 813 4119 0.6 71.87 5.3 59.5 126
## Illinois 11197 5107 0.9 70.14 10.3 52.6 127
## Indiana 5313 4458 0.7 70.88 7.1 52.9 122
## Iowa 2861 4628 0.5 72.56 2.3 59.0 140
## Kansas 2280 4669 0.6 72.58 4.5 59.9 114
## Kentucky 3387 3712 1.6 70.10 10.6 38.5 95
## Louisiana 3806 3545 2.8 68.76 13.2 42.2 12
## Maine 1058 3694 0.7 70.39 2.7 54.7 161
## Maryland 4122 5299 0.9 70.22 8.5 52.3 101
## Massachusetts 5814 4755 1.1 71.83 3.3 58.5 103
## Michigan 9111 4751 0.9 70.63 11.1 52.8 125
## Minnesota 3921 4675 0.6 72.96 2.3 57.6 160
## Mississippi 2341 3098 2.4 68.09 12.5 41.0 50
## Missouri 4767 4254 0.8 70.69 9.3 48.8 108
## Montana 746 4347 0.6 70.56 5.0 59.2 155
## Nebraska 1544 4508 0.6 72.60 2.9 59.3 139
## Nevada 590 5149 0.5 69.03 11.5 65.2 188
## New Hampshire 812 4281 0.7 71.23 3.3 57.6 174
## New Jersey 7333 5237 1.1 70.93 5.2 52.5 115
## New Mexico 1144 3601 2.2 70.32 9.7 55.2 120
## New York 18076 4903 1.4 70.55 10.9 52.7 82
## North Carolina 5441 3875 1.8 69.21 11.1 38.5 80
## North Dakota 637 5087 0.8 72.78 1.4 50.3 186
## Ohio 10735 4561 0.8 70.82 7.4 53.2 124
## Oklahoma 2715 3983 1.1 71.42 6.4 51.6 82
## Oregon 2284 4660 0.6 72.13 4.2 60.0 44
## Pennsylvania 11860 4449 1.0 70.43 6.1 50.2 126
## Rhode Island 931 4558 1.3 71.90 2.4 46.4 127
## South Carolina 2816 3635 2.3 67.96 11.6 37.8 65
## South Dakota 681 4167 0.5 72.08 1.7 53.3 172
## Tennessee 4173 3821 1.7 70.11 11.0 41.8 70
## Texas 12237 4188 2.2 70.90 12.2 47.4 35
## Utah 1203 4022 0.6 72.90 4.5 67.3 137
## Vermont 472 3907 0.6 71.64 5.5 57.1 168
## Virginia 4981 4701 1.4 70.08 9.5 47.8 85
## Washington 3559 4864 0.6 71.72 4.3 63.5 32
## West Virginia 1799 3617 1.4 69.48 6.7 41.6 100
## Wisconsin 4589 4468 0.7 72.48 3.0 54.5 149
## Wyoming 376 4566 0.6 70.29 6.9 62.9 173
## Area state.abb state.area state.region
## Alabama 50708 AL 51609 South
## Alaska 566432 AK 589757 West
## Arizona 113417 AZ 113909 West
## Arkansas 51945 AR 53104 South
## California 156361 CA 158693 West
## Colorado 103766 CO 104247 West
## Connecticut 4862 CT 5009 Northeast
## Delaware 1982 DE 2057 South
## Florida 54090 FL 58560 South
## Georgia 58073 GA 58876 South
## Hawaii 6425 HI 6450 West
## Idaho 82677 ID 83557 West
## Illinois 55748 IL 56400 North Central
## Indiana 36097 IN 36291 North Central
## Iowa 55941 IA 56290 North Central
## Kansas 81787 KS 82264 North Central
## Kentucky 39650 KY 40395 South
## Louisiana 44930 LA 48523 South
## Maine 30920 ME 33215 Northeast
## Maryland 9891 MD 10577 South
## Massachusetts 7826 MA 8257 Northeast
## Michigan 56817 MI 58216 North Central
## Minnesota 79289 MN 84068 North Central
## Mississippi 47296 MS 47716 South
## Missouri 68995 MO 69686 North Central
## Montana 145587 MT 147138 West
## Nebraska 76483 NE 77227 North Central
## Nevada 109889 NV 110540 West
## New Hampshire 9027 NH 9304 Northeast
## New Jersey 7521 NJ 7836 Northeast
## New Mexico 121412 NM 121666 West
## New York 47831 NY 49576 Northeast
## North Carolina 48798 NC 52586 South
## North Dakota 69273 ND 70665 North Central
## Ohio 40975 OH 41222 North Central
## Oklahoma 68782 OK 69919 South
## Oregon 96184 OR 96981 West
## Pennsylvania 44966 PA 45333 Northeast
## Rhode Island 1049 RI 1214 Northeast
## South Carolina 30225 SC 31055 South
## South Dakota 75955 SD 77047 North Central
## Tennessee 41328 TN 42244 South
## Texas 262134 TX 267339 South
## Utah 82096 UT 84916 West
## Vermont 9267 VT 9609 Northeast
## Virginia 39780 VA 40815 South
## Washington 66570 WA 68192 West
## West Virginia 24070 WV 24181 South
## Wisconsin 54464 WI 56154 North Central
## Wyoming 97203 WY 97914 West
state_x77_combined$Life.Exp <- NULL
state_x77_combined$H.S.Grad <- NULL
state_x77_combined$Frost <- NULL
state_x77_combined$state.abb <- NULL
state_x77_combined$state.area <- NULL
state_x77_combined
## Population Income Illiteracy Life Exp Murder HS Grad Area
## Alabama 3615 3624 2.1 69.05 15.1 41.3 50708
## Alaska 365 6315 1.5 69.31 11.3 66.7 566432
## Arizona 2212 4530 1.8 70.55 7.8 58.1 113417
## Arkansas 2110 3378 1.9 70.66 10.1 39.9 51945
## California 21198 5114 1.1 71.71 10.3 62.6 156361
## Colorado 2541 4884 0.7 72.06 6.8 63.9 103766
## Connecticut 3100 5348 1.1 72.48 3.1 56.0 4862
## Delaware 579 4809 0.9 70.06 6.2 54.6 1982
## Florida 8277 4815 1.3 70.66 10.7 52.6 54090
## Georgia 4931 4091 2.0 68.54 13.9 40.6 58073
## Hawaii 868 4963 1.9 73.60 6.2 61.9 6425
## Idaho 813 4119 0.6 71.87 5.3 59.5 82677
## Illinois 11197 5107 0.9 70.14 10.3 52.6 55748
## Indiana 5313 4458 0.7 70.88 7.1 52.9 36097
## Iowa 2861 4628 0.5 72.56 2.3 59.0 55941
## Kansas 2280 4669 0.6 72.58 4.5 59.9 81787
## Kentucky 3387 3712 1.6 70.10 10.6 38.5 39650
## Louisiana 3806 3545 2.8 68.76 13.2 42.2 44930
## Maine 1058 3694 0.7 70.39 2.7 54.7 30920
## Maryland 4122 5299 0.9 70.22 8.5 52.3 9891
## Massachusetts 5814 4755 1.1 71.83 3.3 58.5 7826
## Michigan 9111 4751 0.9 70.63 11.1 52.8 56817
## Minnesota 3921 4675 0.6 72.96 2.3 57.6 79289
## Mississippi 2341 3098 2.4 68.09 12.5 41.0 47296
## Missouri 4767 4254 0.8 70.69 9.3 48.8 68995
## Montana 746 4347 0.6 70.56 5.0 59.2 145587
## Nebraska 1544 4508 0.6 72.60 2.9 59.3 76483
## Nevada 590 5149 0.5 69.03 11.5 65.2 109889
## New Hampshire 812 4281 0.7 71.23 3.3 57.6 9027
## New Jersey 7333 5237 1.1 70.93 5.2 52.5 7521
## New Mexico 1144 3601 2.2 70.32 9.7 55.2 121412
## New York 18076 4903 1.4 70.55 10.9 52.7 47831
## North Carolina 5441 3875 1.8 69.21 11.1 38.5 48798
## North Dakota 637 5087 0.8 72.78 1.4 50.3 69273
## Ohio 10735 4561 0.8 70.82 7.4 53.2 40975
## Oklahoma 2715 3983 1.1 71.42 6.4 51.6 68782
## Oregon 2284 4660 0.6 72.13 4.2 60.0 96184
## Pennsylvania 11860 4449 1.0 70.43 6.1 50.2 44966
## Rhode Island 931 4558 1.3 71.90 2.4 46.4 1049
## South Carolina 2816 3635 2.3 67.96 11.6 37.8 30225
## South Dakota 681 4167 0.5 72.08 1.7 53.3 75955
## Tennessee 4173 3821 1.7 70.11 11.0 41.8 41328
## Texas 12237 4188 2.2 70.90 12.2 47.4 262134
## Utah 1203 4022 0.6 72.90 4.5 67.3 82096
## Vermont 472 3907 0.6 71.64 5.5 57.1 9267
## Virginia 4981 4701 1.4 70.08 9.5 47.8 39780
## Washington 3559 4864 0.6 71.72 4.3 63.5 66570
## West Virginia 1799 3617 1.4 69.48 6.7 41.6 24070
## Wisconsin 4589 4468 0.7 72.48 3.0 54.5 54464
## Wyoming 376 4566 0.6 70.29 6.9 62.9 97203
## state.region
## Alabama South
## Alaska West
## Arizona West
## Arkansas South
## California West
## Colorado West
## Connecticut Northeast
## Delaware South
## Florida South
## Georgia South
## Hawaii West
## Idaho West
## Illinois North Central
## Indiana North Central
## Iowa North Central
## Kansas North Central
## Kentucky South
## Louisiana South
## Maine Northeast
## Maryland South
## Massachusetts Northeast
## Michigan North Central
## Minnesota North Central
## Mississippi South
## Missouri North Central
## Montana West
## Nebraska North Central
## Nevada West
## New Hampshire Northeast
## New Jersey Northeast
## New Mexico West
## New York Northeast
## North Carolina South
## North Dakota North Central
## Ohio North Central
## Oklahoma South
## Oregon West
## Pennsylvania Northeast
## Rhode Island Northeast
## South Carolina South
## South Dakota North Central
## Tennessee South
## Texas South
## Utah West
## Vermont Northeast
## Virginia South
## Washington West
## West Virginia South
## Wisconsin North Central
## Wyoming West
state_x77_combined$Illiteracy.Level <- cut(state_x77_combined$Illiteracy,
breaks = c(0, 1, 2, Inf),
labels = c("Low", "Some", "High"),
right = FALSE)
state_x77_combined
## Population Income Illiteracy Life Exp Murder HS Grad Area
## Alabama 3615 3624 2.1 69.05 15.1 41.3 50708
## Alaska 365 6315 1.5 69.31 11.3 66.7 566432
## Arizona 2212 4530 1.8 70.55 7.8 58.1 113417
## Arkansas 2110 3378 1.9 70.66 10.1 39.9 51945
## California 21198 5114 1.1 71.71 10.3 62.6 156361
## Colorado 2541 4884 0.7 72.06 6.8 63.9 103766
## Connecticut 3100 5348 1.1 72.48 3.1 56.0 4862
## Delaware 579 4809 0.9 70.06 6.2 54.6 1982
## Florida 8277 4815 1.3 70.66 10.7 52.6 54090
## Georgia 4931 4091 2.0 68.54 13.9 40.6 58073
## Hawaii 868 4963 1.9 73.60 6.2 61.9 6425
## Idaho 813 4119 0.6 71.87 5.3 59.5 82677
## Illinois 11197 5107 0.9 70.14 10.3 52.6 55748
## Indiana 5313 4458 0.7 70.88 7.1 52.9 36097
## Iowa 2861 4628 0.5 72.56 2.3 59.0 55941
## Kansas 2280 4669 0.6 72.58 4.5 59.9 81787
## Kentucky 3387 3712 1.6 70.10 10.6 38.5 39650
## Louisiana 3806 3545 2.8 68.76 13.2 42.2 44930
## Maine 1058 3694 0.7 70.39 2.7 54.7 30920
## Maryland 4122 5299 0.9 70.22 8.5 52.3 9891
## Massachusetts 5814 4755 1.1 71.83 3.3 58.5 7826
## Michigan 9111 4751 0.9 70.63 11.1 52.8 56817
## Minnesota 3921 4675 0.6 72.96 2.3 57.6 79289
## Mississippi 2341 3098 2.4 68.09 12.5 41.0 47296
## Missouri 4767 4254 0.8 70.69 9.3 48.8 68995
## Montana 746 4347 0.6 70.56 5.0 59.2 145587
## Nebraska 1544 4508 0.6 72.60 2.9 59.3 76483
## Nevada 590 5149 0.5 69.03 11.5 65.2 109889
## New Hampshire 812 4281 0.7 71.23 3.3 57.6 9027
## New Jersey 7333 5237 1.1 70.93 5.2 52.5 7521
## New Mexico 1144 3601 2.2 70.32 9.7 55.2 121412
## New York 18076 4903 1.4 70.55 10.9 52.7 47831
## North Carolina 5441 3875 1.8 69.21 11.1 38.5 48798
## North Dakota 637 5087 0.8 72.78 1.4 50.3 69273
## Ohio 10735 4561 0.8 70.82 7.4 53.2 40975
## Oklahoma 2715 3983 1.1 71.42 6.4 51.6 68782
## Oregon 2284 4660 0.6 72.13 4.2 60.0 96184
## Pennsylvania 11860 4449 1.0 70.43 6.1 50.2 44966
## Rhode Island 931 4558 1.3 71.90 2.4 46.4 1049
## South Carolina 2816 3635 2.3 67.96 11.6 37.8 30225
## South Dakota 681 4167 0.5 72.08 1.7 53.3 75955
## Tennessee 4173 3821 1.7 70.11 11.0 41.8 41328
## Texas 12237 4188 2.2 70.90 12.2 47.4 262134
## Utah 1203 4022 0.6 72.90 4.5 67.3 82096
## Vermont 472 3907 0.6 71.64 5.5 57.1 9267
## Virginia 4981 4701 1.4 70.08 9.5 47.8 39780
## Washington 3559 4864 0.6 71.72 4.3 63.5 66570
## West Virginia 1799 3617 1.4 69.48 6.7 41.6 24070
## Wisconsin 4589 4468 0.7 72.48 3.0 54.5 54464
## Wyoming 376 4566 0.6 70.29 6.9 62.9 97203
## state.region Illiteracy.Level
## Alabama South High
## Alaska West Some
## Arizona West Some
## Arkansas South Some
## California West Some
## Colorado West Low
## Connecticut Northeast Some
## Delaware South Low
## Florida South Some
## Georgia South High
## Hawaii West Some
## Idaho West Low
## Illinois North Central Low
## Indiana North Central Low
## Iowa North Central Low
## Kansas North Central Low
## Kentucky South Some
## Louisiana South High
## Maine Northeast Low
## Maryland South Low
## Massachusetts Northeast Some
## Michigan North Central Low
## Minnesota North Central Low
## Mississippi South High
## Missouri North Central Low
## Montana West Low
## Nebraska North Central Low
## Nevada West Low
## New Hampshire Northeast Low
## New Jersey Northeast Some
## New Mexico West High
## New York Northeast Some
## North Carolina South Some
## North Dakota North Central Low
## Ohio North Central Low
## Oklahoma South Some
## Oregon West Low
## Pennsylvania Northeast Some
## Rhode Island Northeast Some
## South Carolina South High
## South Dakota North Central Low
## Tennessee South Some
## Texas South High
## Utah West Low
## Vermont Northeast Low
## Virginia South Some
## Washington West Low
## West Virginia South Some
## Wisconsin North Central Low
## Wyoming West Low
west_low_illiteracy <- subset(state_x77_combined, state.region == "West" & Illiteracy.Level == "Low")
highest_income_state <- west_low_illiteracy[which.max(west_low_illiteracy$Income), ]
highest_income_state
## Population Income Illiteracy Life Exp Murder HS Grad Area state.region
## Nevada 590 5149 0.5 69.03 11.5 65.2 109889 West
## Illiteracy.Level
## Nevada Low