Bob Ross Paintings

Introduction

The data set included in this document displays information about the work of Bob Ross. The article titled “A Statistical Analysis of the Work of Bob Ross” describes the data analysis and interview conducted by the author, Walt Hickey. In the article, Hickey stated that Bob Ross’s paintings were generally consistent, simple, and focused on nature.

During Hickey’s analysis of the data, he determined the probabilities of different elements of the paintings, such as trees and lakes, and he determined joint probabilities of some of these elements of the paintings. Based on his analysis of Ross’s paintings, it is clear that most paintings included at least one tree, and few of his paintings included bridges, cliffs, palm trees, or flowers. His analysis answered many questions. For example, he asked and answered the following questions:

What is the probability, given that Ross painted a “happy” tree, that he then painted a “friend” for that tree?
What percentage of paintings that contained mountains contained mountains covered with snow?
How often did Ross paint water?

To find the answers to these questions and many others regarding Ross’s paintings, visit Hickey’s article at the following website: https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-work-of-bob-ross/

Data

The entire data set will be loaded into the data frame named paintingData in the section below. To see the entire table describing Bob Ross’s 403 paintings, visit the Git Hub website listed in the Sources section of this document. Smaller portions of the table will appear during the statistical analysis of this document.

paintingData <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/juliaDataScience-22/cuny-fall-23/manage-acquire-data/elements-by-episode.csv")

The paintingData data frame created in the code above contains two columns to identify each painting and 67 variables to describe each painting. The first identifying variable will be removed in the code below, and only the top 10 variables will remain for the rest of this document. These 10 variables appear in the data frame named officialDF.

list1 <- c()
for (i in 3:ncol(paintingData)) {
  list1 <- c(list1, length(which(paintingData[,i] == 1)))
}

toKeep <- c(sort(list1, decreasing = TRUE, index.return = TRUE))

list2 <- c()
for (i in 1:10) {
  list2 <- c(list2, toKeep$ix[i])
}

columnNames <- c()

officialDF <- paintingData[,2]
paintingData <- paintingData[,-1]
paintingData <- paintingData[,-1]

for (i in 1:10) {
  value <- list2[i]
  columnNames <- c(columnNames, colnames(paintingData)[[value]])
  officialDF <- cbind(officialDF, paintingData[,value])
}

colnames(officialDF) <- c("Title", c(columnNames))

officialDF <- as.data.frame(officialDF)

Statistical Analysis

Walt Hickey did not show the code that he used to perform the statistical analysis on the paintings data in his article. To demonstrate a few examples similar to his statistical analysis, view the three questions below along with their code and answers. The statistical questions only relate to the subset of data in the data frame named officialDF.

Question 1: What percentage of paintings with mountains contained at least one tree?

To answer this question, a portion of the data will be used. This portion will only contain paintings that had mountains in them.

Two variables in the data set are related to trees. The column named TREE shows the value 1 for paintings that contained at least one tree. The column named TREES shows the value 1 for paintings that contained more than one tree. Therefore, this question only relates to the columns TREE and MOUNTAIN.

mountain <- length(which(officialDF[,7] == 1))

subsetOfficial <- officialDF[officialDF$MOUNTAIN == 1,]
tree <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,2] == 1))

answer1 <- tree / mountain * 100
answer1

[1] 97.5

library(gt)
gt(subsetOfficial) |>   
  tab_header(     
    title = "Table 1",
    subtitle = "Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained One Tree or More"
    )

Title	TREE	TREES	DECIDUOUS	CONIFER	CLOUDS	MOUNTAIN	LAKE	GRASS	RIVER	BUSHES
Table 1
Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained One Tree or More
"MT. MCKINLEY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"EBONY SUNSET"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
"WINTER MIST"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"WINTER MOON"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"AUTUMN MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
"PEACEFUL VALLEY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN LAKE"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"SNOWFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"FINAL REFLECTIONS"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
"MEADOW LAKE"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1
"SHADES OF GREY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"BROWN MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"REFLECTIONS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN WATERFALL"	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0
"FINAL GRACE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN RETREAT"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"DISTANT HILLS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"QUIET INLET"	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
"HIDDEN LAKE"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"PEACEFUL WATERS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"TRANQUIL VALLEY"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
"MAJESTIC MOUNTAINS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
"COOL WATERS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"NORTHWEST MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN CHALLENGE"	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
"MOUNTAIN WATERFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN BLOSSOMS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
"ARIZONA SPLENDOR"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
"AUTUMN GLORY"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
"MORNING MIST"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"ARCTIC BEAUTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"HORIZONS WEST"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"WESTERN EXPANSE"	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN CABIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN SPLENDOR"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1
"LAKE BY MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN GLORY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0
"MISTY ROLLING HILLS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
"BUBBLING MOUNTAIN BROOK"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"FOOT OF THE MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN RANGE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"NORTHERN LIGHTS"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"WINTER EVERGREENS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"MEADOW ROAD"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1
"WINTER OVAL"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"FOREST HILLS"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"LITTLE HOUSE BY-THE-ROAD"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN PATH"	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
"NATURE'S PARADISE"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN-BY-THE-SEA"	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN HIDE-AWAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"TOWERING PEAKS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"AUTUMN WOODS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"TRIPLE VIEW"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
"WINTER FROST"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN STREAM"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"TOWERING GLACIER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"SUNSET OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN REFLECTIONS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"SECLUDED MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"STEEP MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1
"QUIET MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"SOFT MOUNTAIN GLOW"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN IN AN OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"WINTER MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"FROZEN SOLITUDE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MEADOW BROOK"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN VIEW"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN EXHIBITION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN SUMMIT"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"CABIN HIDEAWAY"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"LOST LAKE"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
"DISTANT MOUNTAINS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN MOONLIGHT OVAL"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
"MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"GRACEFUL MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"ON A CLEAR DAY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"SURPRISING FALLS"	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
"NATURAL WONDER"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"HIDDEN WINTER MOON OVAL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"FALL STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"CHRISTMAS EVE SNOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"PEAKS OF MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"TWO SEASONS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"DOUBLE OVAL FANTASY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MIGHTY MOUNTAIN LAKE"	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
"SOOTHING VISTA"	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0
"SPECTACULAR WATERFALL"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"NATURE'S SPLENDOR"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN BEAUTY"	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0
"HALF-OVAL VIGNETTE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN SECLUSION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MAJESTIC PEAKS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"SOUTHWEST SERENITY"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"QUIET MOUNTAIN LAKE"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
"CAMPER'S HAVEN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1
"SCENIC SECLUSION"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1
"VALLEY OF TRANQUILITY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MYSTIC MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"PASTEL WINTER"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
"DIVINE ELEGANCE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"AUTUMN FANTASY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"WINTER'S PARADISE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"CHANGE OF SEASONS"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
"DOUBLE TAKE"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"VALLEY VIEW"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"ROYAL MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN RHAPSODY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"BLUE WINTER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"DESERT GLOW"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"LONE MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
"HINT OF SPRINGTIME"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"DIMENSIONS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"HAVEN IN THE VALLEY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"WINTERTIME BLUES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN RIDGE LAKE"	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"VALLEY WATERFALL"	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"FALLS IN THE GLEN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"WINTER BLISS"	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1
"GRAY MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"TETON WINTER"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
"A PRETTY AUTUMN DAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MIRRORED IMAGES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"PORTRAIT OF WINTER"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"HIDE-A-WAY COVE"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"NOT QUITE SPRING"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"SUMMER IN THE MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"DESERT HUES"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"FIRST SNOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0
"LAKE IN THE VALLEY"	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1
"ARCTIC WINTER DAY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"EARLY AUTUMN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
"SUNSET AGLOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"ANGLER'S HAVEN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"WILDERNESS FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"SPECTACULAR VIEW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"SPLENDOR OF A SNOWY WHITE"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
"FISHERMAN'S TRAIL"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"UNDER PASTEL SKIES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"GLACIER LAKE"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0
"WINTER'S GRACE"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN SERENITY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1
"SEASONAL PROGRESSION"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1
"LIGHT AT THE SUMMIT"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
"MOUNTAIN LAKE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
"TRAPPER'S CABIN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"PERFECT WINTER'S DAY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1
"THE WOODMAN'S RETREAT"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"WOODGRAIN VIEW"	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0
"MISTY FOOTHILLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"MOUNTAINS OF GRACE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"COLD SPRING DAY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1
"BLUE RIDGE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"REFLECTIONS OF CALM"	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0
"VIEW FROM CLEAR CREEK"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1
"EVERGREEN VALLEY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0
"LAKE AT THE RIDGE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"WILDERNESS DAY"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0

Answer 1: 97.5 %

Question 2: What other popular feature was present most often when a river was in a painting?

To answer this question, a portion of the data will be used. This portion will only contain paintings that had a river in them.

river <- length(which(officialDF[,10] == 1))

subsetOfficial <- officialDF[officialDF$RIVER == 1,]
tree <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,2] == 1))
trees <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,3] == 1))
deciduous <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,4] == 1))
conifer <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,5] == 1))
clouds <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,6] == 1))
mountain <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,7] == 1))
lake <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,8] == 1))
grass <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,9] == 1))
bushes <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,11] == 1))
newData <- data.frame(vars = c("tree", "trees", "deciduous", 
                               "conifer", "clouds", "mountain", 
                               "lake", "grass", "bushes"), 
                      numbers = c(tree, trees, deciduous, conifer, clouds, 
                                  mountain, lake, grass, bushes)
                      )
mostInPainting <- which.max(newData$numbers)
answer2 <- newData$vars[[mostInPainting]]
answer2

[1] "tree"

gt(subsetOfficial) |>   
  tab_header(     
    title = "Table 2",
    subtitle = "Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained Rivers"
    )

Title	TREE	TREES	DECIDUOUS	CONIFER	CLOUDS	MOUNTAIN	LAKE	GRASS	RIVER	BUSHES
Table 2
Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained Rivers
"A WALK IN THE WOODS"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"QUIET STREAM"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"BLACK RIVER"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
"LAZY RIVER"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"BLACK WATERFALL"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1
"BUBBLING STREAM"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"THE OLD MILL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"QUIET WOODS"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1
"BUBBLING BROOK"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"ARIZONA SPLENDOR"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
"MEADOW STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"BLUE RIVER"	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1
"WHISPERING STREAM"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"SECLUDED FOREST"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"ARCTIC BEAUTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"WESTERN EXPANSE"	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
"BLAZE OF COLOR"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"EVERGREENS AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN CABIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MISTY WATERFALL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1
"MOUNTAIN SPLENDOR"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1
"DARK WATERFALL"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"HUNTER'S HAVEN"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"BUBBLING MOUNTAIN BROOK"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"FOOT OF THE MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"WINTER OVAL"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"FOREST HILLS"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"MOUNTAIN PATH"	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
"NATURE'S PARADISE"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN HIDE-AWAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"TWIN FALLS"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"SECLUDED BRIDGE"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN STREAM"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"HIDDEN STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"TOWERING GLACIER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"HAPPY ACCIDENT"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN REFLECTIONS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"BRIGHT AUTUMN TREES"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"QUIET MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"EVENING WATERFALL"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"SOFT MOUNTAIN GLOW"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN IN AN OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"WINTER MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"MEADOW BROOK"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"EVENING AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
"MOUNTAIN VIEW"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"HIDDEN CREEK"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"PEACEFUL HAVEN"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN EXHIBITION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN SUMMIT"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"MEADOW BROOK SURPRISE"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"GRACEFUL MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"ON A CLEAR DAY"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"RIVERSIDE ESCAPE OVAL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
"COLORS OF NATURE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"FALL STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"DEEP WOODS"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"WATERFALL WONDER"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"WOODED STREAM OVAL"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"GOLDEN MIST OVAL"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"A MILD WINTER'S DAY"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"SPECTACULAR WATERFALL"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"OLD COUNTRY MILL"	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"NATURE'S SPLENDOR"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"ABSOLUTELY AUTUMN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN SECLUSION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"CRIMSON OVAL"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"GOLDEN MORNING MIST"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"DOUBLE OVAL STREAM"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"RIPPLING WATERS"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"SNOWFALL MAGIC"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"FINAL EMBERS OF SUNLIGHT"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"WATERFALL IN THE WOODS"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"COVERED BRIDGE OVAL"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"SCENIC SECLUSION"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	1
"VALLEY OF TRANQUILITY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"HAZY DAY"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"AUTUMN FANTASY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"THE OLD OAK TREE"	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"WINTER'S PARADISE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"CHANGE OF SEASONS"	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
"HIDDEN DELIGHT"	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"TRANQUIL DAWN"	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"ROYAL MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"SERENITY"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"BLUE WINTER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"AUTUMN IMAGES"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"HINT OF SPRINGTIME"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"AROUND THE BEND"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"COUNTRYSIDE OVAL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"PURPLE HAZE"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"DIMENSIONS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0
"DEEP WILDERNESS HOME"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"COUNTRY CREEK"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"SILENT FOREST"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
"REFLECTIONS OF GOLD"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
"RIVER'S PEACE"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"VALLEY WATERFALL"	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"TOWARD DAY'S END"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"FALLS IN THE GLEN"	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0
"GRAY MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"A PRETTY AUTUMN DAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"GRACEFUL WATERFALL"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"THE FOOTBRIDGE"	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0
"ENCHANTED FALLS OVAL"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"SPLASHES OF AUTUMN"	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
"DOWNSTREAM VIEW"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"IN THE STILLNESS OF MORNING"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	1
"TRACE OF SPRING"	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1
"TRANQUIL WOODED STREAM"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
"EVENING AT THE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"WILDERNESS FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"SUNLIGHT IN THE SHADOWS"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"FOREST RIVER"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"DEEP FOREST FALLS"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
"MOUNTAIN LAKE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
"CYPRESS CREEK"	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
"BABBLING BROOK"	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAINS OF GRACE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"BLUE RIDGE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1
"BEFORE THE SNOWFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
"WINDING STREAM"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"CABIN IN THE HOLLOW"	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
"VIEW FROM CLEAR CREEK"	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1

Answer 2: The element tree was present most often when a river was present.

Question 3: What percentage of paintings that contained clouds also contained grass?

To answer this question, a portion of the data will be used. This portion will only contain paintings that had clouds in them.

clouds <- length(which(officialDF[,6] == 1))

subsetOfficial <- officialDF[officialDF$CLOUDS == 1,]
grass <- length(which(subsetOfficial[,9] == 1))

answer3 <- grass / clouds * 100
answer3

[1] 31.84358

gt(subsetOfficial) |>   
  tab_header(     
    title = "Table 3",
    subtitle = "Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained Clouds"
    )

Title	TREE	TREES	DECIDUOUS	CONIFER	CLOUDS	MOUNTAIN	LAKE	GRASS	RIVER	BUSHES
Table 3
Elements in Bob Ross Paintings that Contained Clouds
"MT. MCKINLEY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"WINTER MIST"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"SEASCAPE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SNOWFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"EBONY SEA"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SHADES OF GREY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"BLACK RIVER"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
"BROWN MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"REFLECTIONS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"BLACK WATERFALL"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1
"FINAL GRACE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"BLUE MOON"	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"DISTANT HILLS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"NIGHT LIGHT"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"THE OLD MILL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"PEACEFUL WATERS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"TRANQUIL VALLEY"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
"WINTER SAWSCAPE"	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0
"EVENING SEASCAPE"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
"COOL WATERS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"NORTHWEST MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN WATERFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"TWILIGHT MEADOW"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
"OCEAN SUNRISE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"THE WINDMILL"	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"AUTUMN GLORY"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1
"MEADOW STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"NATURE'S EDGE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1
"MORNING MIST"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"SNOW TRAIL"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0
"ARCTIC BEAUTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"HIGH CHATEAU"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1
"COUNTRY LIFE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"WESTERN EXPANSE"	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MARSHLANDS"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1
"BLAZE OF COLOR"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"WINTER CABIN"	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SECLUDED LAKE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
"EVERGREENS AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN CABIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"MISTY WATERFALL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1
"BARN AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"LAKE BY MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN GLORY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0
"GREY WINTER"	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1
"DOCK SCENE"	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
"LAKESIDE CABIN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1
"HUNTER'S HAVEN"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"BUBBLING MOUNTAIN BROOK"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MAJESTIC PINE"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
"CACTUS AT SUNSET"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN RANGE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"LONELY RETREAT"	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
"WINTER EVERGREENS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"SURF'S UP"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"RED SUNSET"	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1
"MEADOW ROAD"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1
"SECLUDED BEACH"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN PATH"	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
"NATURE'S PARADISE"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN-BY-THE-SEA"	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN HIDE-AWAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"TOWERING PEAKS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"CABIN AT SUNSET"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0
"TWIN FALLS"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"OCEAN BREEZE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"AUTUMN WOODS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MOUNTAIN OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"OCEAN SUNSET"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"WINTER FROST"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"LAKESIDE CABIN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0
"COUNTRY CABIN"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
"HIDDEN STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"TOWERING GLACIER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"OVAL BARN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
"LAKESIDE PATH"	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1
"SUNSET OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"WINTER BARN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SUNSET OVER THE WAVES"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"GOLDEN GLOW"	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0
"ROADSIDE BARN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN REFLECTIONS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"SECLUDED MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"BLACK SEASCAPE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"STEEP MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1
"QUIET MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"TROPICAL SEASCAPE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN IN AN OVAL"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"FROZEN SOLITUDE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"MEADOW BROOK"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"EVENING AT SUNSET"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
"MOUNTAIN VIEW"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"PEACEFUL HAVEN"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"MOUNTAIN EXHIBITION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MOUNTAIN SUMMIT"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"OVAL ESSENCE"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
"DISTANT MOUNTAINS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"SNOWY SOLITUDE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN RIVER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1
"GRACEFUL MOUNTAINS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"WINDY WAVES"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"RIVERSIDE ESCAPE OVAL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
"SURPRISING FALLS"	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
"MISTY FOREST OVAL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"NATURAL WONDER"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"SPLENDOR OF WINTER"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
"COLORS OF NATURE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"HIDDEN WINTER MOON OVAL"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"WAVES OF WONDER"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"CABIN BY THE POND"	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0
"FALL STREAM"	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0
"CHRISTMAS EVE SNOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"PEAKS OF MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"TWO SEASONS"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"WINTERTIME DISCOVERY"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN MIRAGE"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
"DOUBLE OVAL FANTASY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"HIGH TIDE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"THAT TIME OF YEAR"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
"MIGHTY MOUNTAIN LAKE"	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
"STORMY SEAS"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"A MILD WINTER'S DAY"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
"HALF-OVAL VIGNETTE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"ABSOLUTELY AUTUMN"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
"MOUNTAIN SECLUSION"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"WINTER LACE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
"SEASCAPE FANTASY"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SOUTHWEST SERENITY"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"QUIET MOUNTAIN LAKE"	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0
"EBB TIDE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"WINTER'S ELEGANCE"	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
"VALLEY OF TRANQUILITY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"MYSTIC MOUNTAIN"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"DIVINE ELEGANCE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"CLIFFSIDE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"AUTUMN FANTASY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"WINTER'S PARADISE"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"ROYAL MAJESTY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"BY THE SEA"	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"BLUE WINTER"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"DESERT GLOW"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"AUTUMN IMAGES"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
"COUNTRYSIDE OVAL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
"WINTERTIME BLUES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"PASTEL SEASCAPE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"MOUNTAIN RIDGE LAKE"	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0
"REFLECTIONS OF GOLD"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
"CRIMSON TIDE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"A PRETTY AUTUMN DAY"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0
"MIRRORED IMAGES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"ROWBOAT ON THE BEACH"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"SNOWBOUND CABIN"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SUMMER IN THE MOUNTAIN"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1
"DOWNSTREAM VIEW"	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"JUST BEFORE THE STORM"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"DESERT HUES"	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
"FIRST SNOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0
"ARCTIC WINTER DAY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"STORM'S A COMIN'"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"SUNSET AGLOW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"WILDERNESS FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	1
"SPECTACULAR VIEW"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"ISLAND PARADISE"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"UNDER PASTEL SKIES"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
"TRANQUIL SEAS"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"HOME BEFORE NIGHTFALL"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"MOUNTAIN LAKE FALLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
"STORM ON THE HORIZON"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
"PERFECT WINTER'S DAY"	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1
"WINTER'S PEACE"	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0
"MISTY FOOTHILLS"	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
"HOME IN THE VALLEY"	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0
"MOUNTAINS OF GRACE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
"SEASIDE HARMONY"	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"BEFORE THE SNOWFALL"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
"WINDING STREAM"	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
"TRAIL'S END"	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
"LAKE AT THE RIDGE"	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0

Answer 3: 31.84358%

Findings and Recommendations

Some of the work demonstrated in this document extended the work from Walt Hickey’s article. Similar to the article, the statistical analysis section in this document showed the steps to answer a few statistical questions. In the future, all the statistical tests performed in the article could be duplicated in R to verify the results presented by Hickey.

Furthermore, data could be collected on the colors used in the paintings. Data could also be collected on the number of views for each episode. The elements in each painting, and possibly the colors used, could be analyzed to determine if any of them correlate to the number of views. Then, that information could be used to predict the style and content of paintings that would appeal to the most people.

Sources

jooncodes, Bob Ross, (2017), GitHub repository, https://github.com/fivethirtyeight/data/tree/master/bob-ross

Hickey, Walt. “A Statistical Analysis of the Work of Bob Ross.” FiveThirtyEight, FiveThirtyEight, 14 Apr. 2014, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-work-of-bob-ross/

Statistics Globe, “Conditionally Remove Row from Data Frame in R (3 Examples) | How to Delete Rows.” https://statisticsglobe.com/r-remove-row-from-data-frame-condition