Reproductive number of measles among refugess in Iceland is 14.00 (Kitala et al, 2002)

Ro = 14.00

Generate sequence of numbers for fraction of population vaccinated from 0 to 1 with 0.1 interval

fraction_vaccinated_measles = seq (0, 1, 0.1)

Print fraction of population vaccinated.

cat ("Fraction of population vaccinated: ", fraction_vaccinated_measles)
## Fraction of population vaccinated:  0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Compute effective reproductive number

Re = Ro * (1 - fraction_vaccinated_measles)

Print effective reproductive number

cat ("Effective reproductive number:", Re)
## Effective reproductive number: 14 12.6 11.2 9.8 8.4 7 5.6 4.2 2.8 1.4 0

Compute herd immunity threshold

herd_immunity_threshold = 1 - (1/Ro)

Print herd immunity threshold

cat ("herd immunity threshold = ", herd_immunity_threshold)
## herd immunity threshold =  0.9285714

Plot fraction of population vaccinated (versus) effective reproductive number

subtitle = paste ("Ro = ", Ro, ", herd immunity threshold = ", round (herd_immunity_threshold, digits = 4), "; refugees (Iceland) - Kitala et al (2002)", sep="")
plot (fraction_vaccinated_measles, Re, main = "Measles" , sub = subtitle, xlab = "Fraction of Population Vaccinated \n", ylab = "Effective Reproductive Number (Re)")

Results and Discussion

Reproductive number of measles among refugees in Iceland is 14.00 (Kitala et al, 2002). The graph illustrates that as fraction of population vaccinated increases, effective reproductive number decreases. Herd immunity threshold is 92.86%; that is, at this level of vaccination coverage, effective reproductive number is 1 (Re = 1). When vaccination coverage is above 92.86%, effective reproductive number is less than 1 (Re < 1); thereby, measles will be eliminated at these higher levels of vaccination coverage

Public heath implications

Recommend chicken pox vaccination among elderly in Egypt at coverage levels of above 92.86%