(I) Sample check

Total number of respondents: 1830

Total number of valid respondents: 1070

Valid answers are a complete survey answer in which the respondent has agreed to answer, is a migrant or refugee, lives in Brazil for more than 6 months and has answered at least the demographic and financial services questions.

Number of respondents per organization:

org answers percentage
Centro do Imigrante 206 0.19
Adra 175 0.16
Hermanitos 151 0.14
Caritas SP 146 0.14
Toti 111 0.10
Referral 82 0.08
Aldeias RS 72 0.07
IMDH 30 0.03
Migraflix 20 0.02
SJMR RR 17 0.02
Caritas RJ 13 0.01
Refugiados Empreendedores 13 0.01
SJMR RS 13 0.01
Museu A CASA 11 0.01
Cooperativa de Bolivianas SP 5 0.00
AVSI 2 0.00
NA 2 0.00
Bolivianos SP 1 0.00

All question numbers below are based on the codebook file saved as excel spreadsheet

(II) Socio-demographics questions

13. Sex distribution

sex answers percentage
Female 723 0.68
Male 345 0.32
NA 2 0.00

14. Average age: 36.49

15. Marital Status

marital_stat answers percentage
Single 615 0.57
Married 212 0.20
Stable Union 203 0.19
Divorced 27 0.03
Widowed 13 0.01

16. Do you live with your family?

live_fam answers percentage
Yes 783 0.73
No 287 0.27

17. How many members of the family live with you in the same house?

P17 answers percentage
4 197 0.25
3 192 0.25
5 109 0.14
2 97 0.12
6 61 0.08
7 48 0.06
1 43 0.05
8 20 0.03
9 6 0.01
10 6 0.01
11 2 0.00
13 1 0.00
14 1 0.00

18. Are you the household head?

house_head answers percentage
Yes 629 0.8
No 154 0.2

19. If you are not the household head, who is?

not_house_head answers percentage
Spouse 80 0.53
Parents 22 0.14
NA/Other 21 0.14
Me along with other members 19 0.12
Siblings 8 0.05
Grandparents 2 0.01

20. What is your education level?

educ answers percentage
Undergraduate (complete) 293 0.27
Secondary (complete) 279 0.26
Undergraduate (incomplete) 178 0.17
Secondary (incomplete) 137 0.13
Primary (complete) 50 0.05
Primary (incomplete) 46 0.04
Postgraduate (complete) 45 0.04
NA/Other 24 0.02
Postgraduate (incomplete) 18 0.02

21. What languages do they speak?

lang answers percentage
Spanish 992 0.93
Portuguese 749 0.70
English 121 0.11
French 42 0.04
Arabic 11 0.01
Other 69 0.06

22. Are you or have you taken Portuguese classes?

port answers percentage
No 605 0.57
Yes 465 0.43

23. State of Brazil you are currently living in

region answers percentage
São Paulo 434 0.41
Roraima 213 0.20
Amazonas 173 0.16
Rio Grande do Sul 87 0.08
Other 45 0.04
Rio de Janeiro 39 0.04
Distrito Federal 33 0.03
Santa Catarina 16 0.01
Paraná 15 0.01
Mato Grosso 6 0.01
Minas Gerais 6 0.01
Mato Grosso do Sul 2 0.00
Pará 1 0.00

(III) Migration profile questions

24. Which country are you from?

nacionality answers percentage
Venezuela 873 0.82
Bolivia 74 0.07
Angola 21 0.02
Cuba 17 0.02
Haiti 11 0.01
Congo 8 0.01
Colombia 7 0.01
Guiné-Bissau 7 0.01
Paraguai 5 0.00
Syria 4 0.00
Afghanistan 4 0.00
Peru 4 0.00
Peruano 4 0.00
Burkina Faso 2 0.00
Costa do Marfim 2 0.00
Guineense 2 0.00
Senegal 2 0.00
Venezuela 2 0.00
Ukraine 1 0.00
Afeganistão 1 0.00
Anzoátegui 1 0.00
Apatrida 1 0.00
Benin 1 0.00
Bénin 1 0.00
Chile 1 0.00
Congolês 1 0.00
Egito 1 0.00
Equador 1 0.00
Guineense, Guiné-Bissau 1 0.00
Guiné Bissau 1 0.00
Guiné-Bissau- guineense 1 0.00
India 1 0.00
Iêmen 1 0.00
Marrocos 1 0.00
Paquistão 1 0.00
Russa 1 0.00
Russia 1 0.00
TUNISIA 1 0.00
salvadoreño 1 0.00

25. Did you participate in the interiorization program?

Only Venezuelans that were living in Roraima are eligible.

interior answers percentage
No 540 0.68
Yes 250 0.32

26. What factors motivated you to migrate?

motiv answers percentage
Looking for better economic opportunities 879 0.82
Fleeing human rights violation 342 0.32
Fleeing war, conflict or violence 136 0.13
Other 105 0.10
Fleeing persecution 93 0.09
Transit country to another destination 15 0.01
Fleeing natural disasters 11 0.01

27. In which year did you arrive in Brazil?

arrival answers percentage
2019 214 0.20
2022 207 0.19
2021 200 0.19
2018 180 0.17
2020 102 0.10
2017 59 0.06
2012 33 0.03
2016 25 0.02
2015 19 0.02
2014 17 0.02
2013 14 0.01

28. With who did you travel to Brazil?

travel_comp answers percentage
Family 553 0.52
Alone 343 0.32
Other 89 0.08
Friends 72 0.07
Prefer not to answer 13 0.01

29. What is your current migratory status?

status answers percentage
Residence permit 657 0.61
Refugee 267 0.25
Asylum seeker 97 0.09
NA/Other 40 0.04
Undocumented 9 0.01

30. What documents from your country of origin do you have?

docu_orig answers percentage
Identity card 929 0.87
Birth certificate 680 0.64
Wedding certificate 131 0.12
Passport 352 0.33
None 15 0.01
Other 53 0.05

31. What Brazilian documents do you have?

Entire sample

docu answers percentage
CPF (identy number) 1005 0.94
RNE/RNM (residence permit) 974 0.91
Work permit 392 0.37
Asylum protocol 70 0.07
Other 39 0.04
Passport 27 0.03
None 1 0.00
I don’t know 1 0.00

By income source

By income activity

32. In which state did you first arrive in Brazil?

region_arr answers percentage
Roraima 564 0.53
São Paulo 198 0.19
Amazonas 150 0.14
Other 75 0.07
Paraná 22 0.02
Acre 13 0.01
Distrito Federal 11 0.01
Pará 9 0.01
Rio Grande do Sul 8 0.01
Rio de Janeiro 7 0.01
Santa Catarina 5 0.00
Mato Grosso 4 0.00
Mato Grosso do Sul 2 0.00
Amapá 1 0.00
Minas Gerais 1 0.00

33. Do you plan on moving to another city within Brazil in the next 6 months?

move_br answers percentage
No 730 0.68
Not sure 195 0.18
Yes 145 0.14

34. Do you plan on staying in Brazil for the next two years?

move_out answers percentage
Yes 943 0.88
Not sure yet 91 0.09
No, plan to move back to country of origin 20 0.02
No, plan to move to another country 16 0.01

35. Did you receive assistance from an NGO or government after you arrived in Brazil?

assist answers percentage
Yes 544 0.51
No 526 0.49

36. What type of assistance did you receive?

assis_type answers percentage
Health assistance 213 0.20
Language course 194 0.18
Access to banking services 172 0.16
Other 129 0.12
Employment opportunities 106 0.10
Shelter 79 0.07
Business development training 71 0.07
Diploma revalidation 16 0.01

(IV) Employment and income questions

37. Do you have a regular source of income?

Entire sample

income answers percentage
No 667 0.62
Yes 403 0.38

By assistance recipients

38. How many people rely on this regular income?

P38 answers percentage
3 94 0.23
4 91 0.22
2 66 0.16
1 57 0.14
5 38 0.09
6 27 0.07
7 13 0.03
0 12 0.03
8 9 0.02
9 3 0.01
10 1 0.00

39. What is your approximate monthly income?

wage answers percentage
I prefer not to answer 666 0.62
Less than 1 min. wage 159 0.15
Between 1-2 min. wages 157 0.15
Between 2-3 min. wages 32 0.03
Between 10-15 min. wages 23 0.02
Between 3-5 min. wages 15 0.01
15 or more min. wages 13 0.01
Between 5-10 min. wages 5 0.00

40. In the past three months has your income been the same?

Only those that reported an income level answer this question.

wage_trajec answers percentage
Yes 260 0.67
No, it increased 66 0.17
No, it decreased 64 0.16

41. Are there other people in you household with a source of income?

wage_trajec answers percentage
No 711 0.66
Yes 359 0.34

42. What was your main activity last month?

income2 answers percentage
Unemployed 364 0.34
Employed (formal) 201 0.19
Employed (informal) 159 0.15
Domestic work 123 0.11
Looking for a job 54 0.05
Self-employed 51 0.05
Student 47 0.04
Micro-entrepreneur 45 0.04
Other 22 0.02
Entrepreneur (small business) 2 0.00
Retired 2 0.00

Obs: Those looking for a job but that declare no regular income were considered unemployed.

43. What difficulties did you have to find work in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are working in the informal or formal job market.

work_difficult answers percentage
Labor market conditions 94 0.26
Language barrier 87 0.24
Being a migrant or refugee 80 0.22
I did not encounter any difficulties 76 0.21
Lack of financial conditions to look for a job 60 0.17
Lack of documentation 58 0.16
No one to take care of the children 51 0.14
Lack of appropriate education or skills 25 0.07
Racism 23 0.06
Other 21 0.06

44. For how long have you been working in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are working in the informal or formal job market.

time_work answers percentage
Less than 1 year 144 0.40
Between 1 and 2 years 100 0.28
Between 3 and 5 years 75 0.21
More than 5 years 28 0.08

45. For how long have you had your own enterprise or worker autonomously in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

time_work_micro answers percentage
Less than 1 year 23 0.23
Between 1 and 2 years 22 0.22
Between 3 and 5 years 12 0.12
More than 5 years 7 0.07

46. What sources of funding did you use to start your business?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

funding_source answers percentage
Personal savings 45 0.46
Income from other jobs 11 0.11
Sold assets in country of origin 7 0.07
Donations 6 0.06
Loan from friends 5 0.05
Loan from family members 4 0.04
Loan from financial institution 3 0.03
Remmittances from country of origin 2 0.02
Other 2 0.02

47. What was the total amount that you invested to start your business?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

amount_funding answers percentage
Less than R$5,000.00 30 0.31
Between R$5,000.00 and R$10,000.00 14 0.14
Prefer not to answer 11 0.11
Between R10,000.00 and R$20,000.00 5 0.05
Between R$20,000.00 and R$50,000.00 2 0.02
More than R$50,000.00 1 0.01

48. How many employees do you have?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

employees answers percentage
None 49 0.50
1-2 employees 12 0.12
3-5 employees 1 0.01
6-10 employees 1 0.01

49. How many of your employees are family members?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers that have employees.

P49 answers percentage
0 7 0.54
1 5 0.38
2 1 0.08

50. Is your business registered (has CNPJ)?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

cnpj answers percentage
No 33 0.34
Yes 28 0.29

51. Do you receive financial assistance from an organization or the government?

financ_assist answers percentage
None 659 0.62
Gov. Transfers 375 0.35
Other 40 0.04
Humanitarian Assistance 20 0.02

(V) Financial services and products

52. What assets do your currently have in Brazil?

assets answers percentage
None 919 0.86
Valuables (jewelry, cash, etc) 53 0.05
Productive assets 37 0.03
Other 33 0.03
House or apartment 21 0.02
Vehicle 19 0.02
Land 14 0.01

53. What financial products and services did you use in your home country?

use_br4 answers percentage
Bank account 654 0.61
Debit card 488 0.46
Savings, deposit account 371 0.35
None of the services listed above 280 0.26
Credit card 222 0.21
Insurance 70 0.07
Transfers incl. remittances 68 0.06
Digital account, wallet (on the phone) 62 0.06
Loan 62 0.06
Investments 38 0.04
Loan 20 0.02
Loan 19 0.02
Loan 18 0.02

54. If had an insurance, of type was it?

insur answers percentage
None 245 0.23
Health 116 0.11
Life 109 0.10
Vehicle 32 0.03
Residential 23 0.02
Corporate 17 0.02
None 0 0.00

## 55. If had invesments, of type was it?

invest answers percentage
Savings 182 0.17
None 158 0.15
Govt Bonds 74 0.07
Stocks/Currency 23 0.02
Corporate Bonds 22 0.02
None 0 0.00

56. What channels did you use to access the products/services in your country of origin?

chan answers percentage
In-person banking 550 0.51
Mobile banking 544 0.51
Internet banking 254 0.24
Other 115 0.11

57. Do you use financial services and products in Brazil?

Entire sample

use_br answers percentage
Yes 664 0.62
No 406 0.38

By income source

By migratory status

By income activity

58. For those which do not use, what are the main reasons?

use_br2 answers percentage
I have no money saved 300 0.67
Lack of documentation 40 0.09
High Tariffs 36 0.08
Lack of interest 34 0.08
I don’t find it necessary 28 0.06
Other 10 0.02

59. For those that use, what are the main products/services you use?

use_br3 answers percentage
Bank account 488 0.73
Debit card 464 0.70
Credit card 233 0.35
Digital account, wallet (on the phone) 176 0.27
Savings, deposit account 158 0.24
Transfers incl. remittances 57 0.09
Insurance 20 0.03
Investments 13 0.02
Other 12 0.02
None of the above services listed 9 0.01

60. What channels do they use to access these products/services?

Entire sample

use_br4 answers percentage
Mobile banking 593 0.89
In-person banking 220 0.33
Internet banking 121 0.18
Other 6 0.01

By income source

By migratory status

By income activity

61. In which institutions do they hold savings accounts?

use_br5 answers percentage
Nubank 318 0.48
Itaú 263 0.40
Caixa Econômica Federal 169 0.25
Banco Santander 138 0.21
Bradesco 105 0.16
Other 100 0.15
Banco do Brasil 78 0.12
Banco PAN 23 0.03
Banco Inter 22 0.03
None 13 0.02
Banco da Amazônia 2 0.00
Sofia 2 0.00
BMG 1 0.00

62. In which institutions do they hold digital wallets?

use_br6 answers percentage
None 231 0.35
Iti Itaú 184 0.28
PicPay 137 0.21
Mercado Pago 100 0.15
PagBank 54 0.08
Other 37 0.06
Regarga Pay 20 0.03
AME 11 0.02
Bitz 2 0.00

63. Did you get a loan from a financial institution in Brazil?

use_br7 answers percentage
No 491 0.74
Yes 173 0.26

64. For those that did not, have you ever tried to get a loan at financial institution in Brazil?

loan_br answers percentage
No, don’t know where to try 172 0.35
No, didn’t have a collateral 122 0.25
Yes, but was rejected 100 0.20
No, never needed to 94 0.19
No, didn’t have the necessary documentation 41 0.08
Yes and was approved 11 0.02
Yes, but less than I asked for 7 0.01

65. For those that did, for what was it for?

loan_br_use answers percentage
Consumption 147 0.85
Other 19 0.11
Housing 9 0.05
Corporate 7 0.04
Vehicles 4 0.02

66. For those that did, did you have to provide a collateral?

collat answers percentage
No 233 0.82
Yes, a personal guarantor 27 0.09
Other 16 0.06
Yes, an insurance 7 0.02
Yes, an asset (e.g. house) 2 0.01

67. For those that did, what was the amount of credit you took?

loan_amot answers percentage
Between R$1,000 and R$5,000 74 0.43
Less than R$1,000 64 0.37
Between R$5,001 and R$10,000 13 0.08
I prefer not to say 7 0.04
More than R$50,001 6 0.03
Between R$10,001 and R$20,000 5 0.03
Between R$20,001 and R$50,000 4 0.02

68. For those that did, what was the biggest pain during the process?

loan_proc answers percentage
None 88 0.51
Lack of proof of income 38 0.22
Unclear procedures and requirements 27 0.16
Lack of collateral 25 0.14
Lack of own resources as a contribution 23 0.13
Duration of the process (too long) 22 0.13
Lack of corporate documentation 11 0.06
Other 2 0.01

69. Do you currently have a loan from a friend, member of your family or moneylender?

loan_alt answers percentage
No, I do not 936 0.87
Yes, from a family member 54 0.05
Yes, from a friend 51 0.05
Yes, from a moneylender 29 0.03

70. For those that have, what is the total amount?

P70 answers percentage
2000 19 0.14
1000 16 0.12
3000 11 0.08
5000 10 0.07
500 8 0.06
1500 7 0.05
2500 4 0.03
3500 4 0.03
200 3 0.02
600 3 0.02
700 3 0.02
40000 3 0.02
300 2 0.01
400 2 0.01
800 2 0.01
900 2 0.01
1200 2 0.01
2200 2 0.01
4500 2 0.01
6000 2 0.01
8000 2 0.01
20000 2 0.01
100000 2 0.01
0 1 0.01
2 1 0.01
11 1 0.01
40 1 0.01
100 1 0.01
250 1 0.01
320 1 0.01
350 1 0.01
375 1 0.01
1400 1 0.01
1800 1 0.01
2250 1 0.01
2400 1 0.01
2800 1 0.01
4000 1 0.01
4800 1 0.01
7000 1 0.01
7500 1 0.01
16000 1 0.01
25000 1 0.01
30000 1 0.01
35000 1 0.01

71. Which of these products do you consider the most important?

prod_import answers percentage
Checkings account 392 0.37
Credit card 357 0.33
Debit card 346 0.32
Housing credit 280 0.26
Savings account 277 0.26
Personal/Consumption credit 242 0.23
Life insurance 198 0.19
Digital wallet 182 0.17
Corporate credit 125 0.12
Vehicle credit 117 0.11
Death insurance 86 0.08
Other 40 0.04

72. When you need financing or money, where do go to?

prod_got answers percentage
I do not lend money 419 0.39
Bank 369 0.34
Family or friends 341 0.32
Other 46 0.04
Pawnbroker 42 0.04
Financial institution 19 0.02
Business owner 16 0.01

73. When you ask for money, for what do you ask it for?

prod_why answers percentage
Cover basic needs 693 0.65
Send it to my country of origin 225 0.21
Investing in my business 211 0.20
Buying goods (e.g. home appliances) 138 0.13
Other 136 0.13

75. Do you send money abroad to your country of origin?

use_br8 answers percentage
Yes 714 0.67
No 356 0.33

76. If you do, on average, how much do you send?

send_amount answers percentage
Less than R$500 544 0.76
Between R$501 and R$1000 81 0.11
Prefer not to answer 77 0.11
Between R$1001 and R$2000 12 0.02

77. To who do you send money?

send_who answers percentage
Family 674 0.94
Other 55 0.08
Friend 37 0.05
Prefer not to answer 0 0.00

## 78. How is this money generally sent?

send_how answers percentage
Transfer company 398 0.56
Bank transfer 243 0.34
Friend or family 130 0.18
In-person travel 24 0.03
Other 24 0.03
Postal office 0 0.00

79. Do you receive money from your country of origin?

receiv answers percentage
No 1033 0.97
Yes 37 0.03

80. If you do, on average, how much do you receive?

receiv_amount answers percentage
Less than R$500 22 0.59
Between R$501 and R$1000 8 0.22
Prefer not to answer 6 0.16
Between R$1001 and R$2000 1 0.03

81. How is this money generally reecived?

receiv_how answers percentage
Friend or family 17 0.46
Transfer company 11 0.30
Bank transfer 8 0.22
Other 4 0.11
In-person travel 1 0.03
Postal office 0 0.00

82. How is this money spent?

spent answers percentage
Home expenses 27 0.73
Other 5 0.14
Debt payment 4 0.11
Education expenses 1 0.03

(VI) 74. Migrant’s perceptions

Entire sample

By migratory status

By nationality

By sex

(VII) Financial practices

83. Do you keep a record of your income, expenses, and savings?

records answers percentage
No, but I would like to 335 0.31
Yes, but not regularly 221 0.21
Yes, always 206 0.19
No, but I have some estimates 172 0.16
No, I see no need 134 0.13

84. At the end of the month, when all your expenses are paid, is there any income left??

end_month answers percentage
No, and missing 673 0.63
No, but I don’t lack for anything either. 234 0.22
Yes 160 0.15

85. If you are able to save, what do you do with the money?

exp_how answers percentage
Keep/deposit in savings account 79 0.49
Keep it at home 54 0.34
Send it to family or friends 33 0.21
Go shopping 17 0.11
Lend it to someone 2 0.01

86. What do you do to supplement your income when expenses exceed your monthly income?

comple answers percentage
Reduce unnecessary spending 470 0.52
Sell something 293 0.32
Ask for money to friends/family 180 0.20
Use credit card 134 0.15
Other 103 0.11
Work more hours 102 0.11
Get a loan from a bank 31 0.03

87. Which of the following do you currently consider most important acquiring?

asp answers percentage
Preparing for job offers skills 526 0.49
Technical/Work related skills 489 0.46
Business development skills 373 0.35
Languages skills 358 0.33
Personal finance skills 273 0.26
Business regularization 178 0.17
None, I’m fine 64 0.06

88. Do you have internet access at home?

net_ac answers percentage
Yes 805 0.75
No 250 0.23

89. Do you have a cell phone?

cell answers percentage
Yes 505 0.47
Yes 503 0.47
No, but I share with a family member 35 0.03
No, I don’t 11 0.01

90. Do you regularly use your cell phone for the following services??

use_ph answers percentage
Personal (WhatsApp, calling friends, etc) 1015 0.95
Social media 582 0.54
Banking services 464 0.43
Business - Advertising of my products and services 65 0.06
Business - Connecting with suppliers and costumers 46 0.04
Other 17 0.02
Criptocurreny 6 0.01