Chorioamnionitis - revised tables

Author

Boris Lebedenko

Published

July 8, 2023

Document Outline

The objective is to compare culture-positive and culture-negative births.
Data comprises 489 mothers, giving birth to 506 infants; there were 17 twin births.
We use either the maternal or fetal data for the tables.
The entire analysis is stratified by the culture status.
This document has two versions or sections:

Section 1 where a positive culture defined as positive placental culture result in either side (maternal, fetal) or both.
Section 2 where each possible combination of maternal*fetal cultures is treated as a subgroup.

Other versions can be easily by changed the definition of the variable cx and re-running the script.

Data modifications

Obs 126 - fetal side cx NA, needs correction. Set to zero in the meantime.
There are 34observations of twin-births in the data.
Manual inspection revealed that mother id 120 had a a positive fetal culture only in one of the two fetuses.
We treat this observation as culture-positive.
Table of removed variables:

variable	Number of levels
maternal_labor_medications	124
additional_complications	40
fetal_side_placental_cx	57
maternal_side_placental_cx	50
fetal_side_susceptibility_to_ab	33
birth_country	21
fetal_side_susceptibility_to_empiric_ab	14
first_ab	11
maternal_side_susceptibility_to_empiric_ab	11
sixth_ab	1
fifth_ab	1
fourth_ab	4
third_ab	8
second_ab	8
maternal_side_susceptibility_to_ab	11
anaerobic_blood_culture_microorganism	6
aerobic_blood_culture_microorganism	9
urine_culture_microorganism	6
blood_cx_microorganism	4

Analysis by Positive Cx vs Negative Cx

maternal demographic and obstetric history

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
age	30.2 (5.3)	30.9 (5.4)	29.3 (5.1)	<0.001
smoker	4 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	4 (1.9%)	0.037
bmi	30.8 (15.4)	29.3 (5.1)	32.7 (22.2)	0.060
Unknown	113	65	48
ethnicity				0.2
Arab. Christian	21 (4.4%)	14 (5.2%)	7 (3.3%)
Arab. Muslim	100 (21%)	46 (17%)	54 (25%)
Druze	15 (3.1%)	10 (3.7%)	5 (2.4%)
Jew	305 (64%)	176 (66%)	129 (61%)
Muslim	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
Other	38 (7.9%)	22 (8.2%)	16 (7.5%)
natural_miscarriages	0.43 (0.68)	0.46 (0.71)	0.39 (0.64)	0.4
Unknown	206	104	102
gravida				0.8
1	266 (55%)	144 (54%)	122 (58%)
2	98 (20%)	57 (21%)	41 (19%)
3	65 (14%)	35 (13%)	30 (14%)
4	33 (6.9%)	20 (7.5%)	13 (6.1%)
5	10 (2.1%)	6 (2.2%)	4 (1.9%)
6	6 (1.3%)	5 (1.9%)	1 (0.5%)
8	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)
preterm_deliveries	24 (9.8%)	14 (9.5%)	10 (10%)	0.8
Unknown	234	120	114
full_term_deliveries	0.61 (0.92)	0.61 (0.94)	0.62 (0.90)	0.9
Unknown	173	93	80
live_children	0.68 (0.96)	0.68 (0.99)	0.67 (0.92)	>0.9
Unknown	172	91	81
elective_abortions	0.30 (0.68)	0.30 (0.67)	0.30 (0.70)	>0.9
Unknown	226	119	107
past_smoker	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
preterm_deliveries	16 (27%)	8 (21%)	8 (40%)	0.11
Unknown	55	38	17
elective_abortions	0.33 (0.83)	0.22 (0.48)	0.55 (1.23)	0.3
Unknown	57	40	17
full_term_deliveries	0.99 (1.18)	1.09 (1.21)	0.80 (1.12)	0.3
Unknown	42	30	12
smoker	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.7%)	0.3
bmi	30.4 (18.6)	28.5 (5.8)	33.8 (30.1)	0.3
Unknown	30	23	7
ethnicity				0.4
Arab. Christian	5 (4.4%)	5 (6.5%)	0 (0%)
Arab. Muslim	29 (25%)	20 (26%)	9 (24%)
Jew	71 (62%)	47 (61%)	24 (65%)
Other	9 (7.9%)	5 (6.5%)	4 (11%)
live_children	1.12 (1.11)	1.16 (1.14)	1.04 (1.06)	0.6
Unknown	38	28	10
gravida				0.8
1	50 (44%)	35 (45%)	15 (41%)
2	18 (16%)	13 (17%)	5 (14%)
3	22 (19%)	14 (18%)	8 (22%)
4	15 (13%)	8 (10%)	7 (19%)
5	4 (3.5%)	3 (3.9%)	1 (2.7%)
6	3 (2.6%)	3 (3.9%)	0 (0%)
8	2 (1.8%)	1 (1.3%)	1 (2.7%)
natural_miscarriages	0.75 (0.89)	0.78 (0.89)	0.70 (0.92)	0.8
Unknown	54	37	17
age	32 (7)	32 (7)	32 (7)	0.9
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
past_smoker	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
age	29.5 (4.6)	30.3 (4.5)	28.7 (4.5)	<0.001
ethnicity				0.038
Arab. Christian	16 (4.3%)	9 (4.7%)	7 (4.0%)
Arab. Muslim	72 (20%)	26 (14%)	46 (26%)
Druze	15 (4.1%)	10 (5.2%)	5 (2.8%)
Jew	235 (64%)	129 (68%)	106 (60%)
Muslim	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)
Other	29 (7.9%)	17 (8.9%)	12 (6.8%)
bmi	30.8 (14.3)	29.4 (4.6)	32.4 (20.1)	0.10
Unknown	83	42	41
smoker	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.7%)	0.11
elective_abortions	0.29 (0.63)	0.33 (0.73)	0.24 (0.48)	0.3
Unknown	169	80	89
full_term_deliveries	0.51 (0.80)	0.46 (0.77)	0.56 (0.83)	0.3
Unknown	131	64	67
preterm_deliveries	7 (3.7%)	5 (4.7%)	2 (2.5%)	0.7
Unknown	180	84	96
live_children	0.54 (0.86)	0.52 (0.88)	0.56 (0.85)	0.7
Unknown	134	64	70
natural_miscarriages	0.35 (0.61)	0.36 (0.62)	0.34 (0.60)	0.9
Unknown	152	68	84
gravida				0.9
1	217 (59%)	109 (57%)	108 (61%)
2	78 (21%)	42 (22%)	36 (20%)
3	45 (12%)	23 (12%)	22 (12%)
4	19 (5.2%)	12 (6.3%)	7 (4.0%)
5	6 (1.6%)	3 (1.6%)	3 (1.7%)
6	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.0%)	1 (0.6%)
8	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
past_smoker	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

maternal illness and pregnancy complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
anemia	89 (19%)	40 (15%)	49 (23%)	0.022
pruritus	12 (2.5%)	3 (1.1%)	9 (4.2%)	0.029
premature_uterine_contractions	48 (10%)	33 (12%)	15 (7.1%)	0.057
septated_uterus	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.4%)	0.085
mild_preeclampsia	13 (2.7%)	10 (3.7%)	3 (1.4%)	0.12
proteinuria	4 (0.8%)	4 (1.5%)	0 (0%)	0.13
ibd	6 (1.3%)	5 (1.9%)	1 (0.5%)	0.2
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	3 (0.6%)	3 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	0.3
cervical_incompetence	31 (6.5%)	20 (7.5%)	11 (5.2%)	0.3
diabetes_type2	4 (0.8%)	1 (0.4%)	3 (1.4%)	0.3
low_plt	5 (1.0%)	4 (1.5%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
gestational_hypertension	30 (6.3%)	19 (7.1%)	11 (5.2%)	0.4
lopus_antibodies	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
factor5_leiden_homozygous	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
epilepsy	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
dvt	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
q_fever	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
Unknown	14	8	6
diabetes_type1	8 (1.7%)	6 (2.2%)	2 (0.9%)	0.5
obesity	13 (2.7%)	6 (2.2%)	7 (3.3%)	0.5
multiple_sclerosis	2 (0.4%)	2 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0.5
lopus	2 (0.4%)	2 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0.5
familial_mediterranean_fever	2 (0.4%)	2 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0.5
pyelonephritis	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.4%)	2 (0.9%)	0.6
mitral_insufficiency	4 (0.8%)	3 (1.1%)	1 (0.5%)	0.6
uterine_myoma	8 (1.7%)	4 (1.5%)	4 (1.9%)	0.7
symphisiolysis	9 (1.9%)	6 (2.2%)	3 (1.4%)	0.7
gestational_diabetes	53 (11%)	30 (11%)	23 (11%)	>0.9
severe_preeclampsia	18 (3.8%)	10 (3.7%)	8 (3.8%)	>0.9
mitral_valve_prolapse	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
itp	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
gastroenteritis	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
chronic_hypertension	4 (0.8%)	2 (0.7%)	2 (0.9%)	>0.9
syphilis	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
rheumatoid_arthritis	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
protein_s_deficiency	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
mthfr_mutation	4 (0.8%)	2 (0.7%)	2 (0.9%)	>0.9
genital_herpes	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
flow_problems	3 (0.6%)	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	5 (1.0%)	3 (1.1%)	2 (0.9%)	>0.9
factor2_mutation	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
diabetes_mellitus	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
bicornuate_uterus	3 (0.6%)	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
apla_syndrome_clinic	5 (1.0%)	3 (1.1%)	2 (0.9%)	>0.9
asthma	11 (2.3%)	6 (2.2%)	5 (2.4%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
gestational_diabetes	10 (8.8%)	4 (5.2%)	6 (16%)	0.075
anemia	26 (23%)	14 (18%)	12 (32%)	0.090
septated_uterus	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	2 (5.4%)	0.10
uterine_myoma	3 (2.6%)	1 (1.3%)	2 (5.4%)	0.2
severe_preeclampsia	8 (7.0%)	7 (9.1%)	1 (2.7%)	0.3
obesity	4 (3.5%)	4 (5.2%)	0 (0%)	0.3
q_fever	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.9%)	0.3
Unknown	2	0	2
pruritus	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.7%)	0.3
diabetes_type2	2 (1.8%)	1 (1.3%)	1 (2.7%)	0.5
bicornuate_uterus	2 (1.8%)	1 (1.3%)	1 (2.7%)	0.5
proteinuria	3 (2.6%)	3 (3.9%)	0 (0%)	0.5
diabetes_type1	4 (3.5%)	2 (2.6%)	2 (5.4%)	0.6
mild_preeclampsia	6 (5.3%)	5 (6.5%)	1 (2.7%)	0.7
cervical_incompetence	25 (22%)	16 (21%)	9 (24%)	0.7
premature_uterine_contractions	38 (33%)	25 (32%)	13 (35%)	0.8
multiple_sclerosis	2 (1.8%)	2 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
mthfr_mutation	2 (1.8%)	2 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
lopus	2 (1.8%)	2 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
ibd	2 (1.8%)	2 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
familial_mediterranean_fever	2 (1.8%)	2 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
syphilis	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
low_plt	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
mitral_valve_prolapse	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
mitral_insufficiency	4 (3.5%)	3 (3.9%)	1 (2.7%)	>0.9
itp	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
gestational_hypertension	11 (9.6%)	8 (10%)	3 (8.1%)	>0.9
flow_problems	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
apla_syndrome_clinic	4 (3.5%)	3 (3.9%)	1 (2.7%)	>0.9
chronic_hypertension	3 (2.6%)	2 (2.6%)	1 (2.7%)	>0.9
symphisiolysis	3 (2.6%)	2 (2.6%)	1 (2.7%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
pyelonephritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_s_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
lopus_antibodies	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
genital_herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
gastroenteritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
epilepsy	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dvt	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
diabetes_mellitus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
asthma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
obesity	8 (2.2%)	1 (0.5%)	7 (4.0%)	0.031
premature_uterine_contractions	8 (2.2%)	7 (3.7%)	1 (0.6%)	0.069
pruritus	11 (3.0%)	3 (1.6%)	8 (4.5%)	0.10
anemia	65 (18%)	28 (15%)	37 (21%)	0.12
diabetes_type1	4 (1.1%)	4 (2.1%)	0 (0%)	0.12
severe_preeclampsia	10 (2.7%)	3 (1.6%)	7 (4.0%)	0.2
mthfr_mutation	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.1%)	0.2
diabetes_type2	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.1%)	0.2
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	3 (0.8%)	3 (1.6%)	0 (0%)	0.2
gestational_diabetes	43 (12%)	25 (13%)	18 (10%)	0.4
mild_preeclampsia	7 (1.9%)	5 (2.6%)	2 (1.1%)	0.5
chronic_hypertension	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
septated_uterus	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
mitral_valve_prolapse	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
lopus_antibodies	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
itp	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
factor5_leiden_homozygous	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
epilepsy	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
dvt	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
apla_syndrome_clinic	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
pyelonephritis	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)	2 (1.1%)	0.6
low_plt	4 (1.1%)	3 (1.6%)	1 (0.6%)	0.6
ibd	4 (1.1%)	3 (1.6%)	1 (0.6%)	0.6
symphisiolysis	6 (1.6%)	4 (2.1%)	2 (1.1%)	0.7
asthma	11 (3.0%)	6 (3.1%)	5 (2.8%)	0.9
gestational_hypertension	19 (5.2%)	10 (5.2%)	9 (5.1%)	>0.9
uterine_myoma	5 (1.4%)	3 (1.6%)	2 (1.1%)	>0.9
rheumatoid_arthritis	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
proteinuria	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
protein_s_deficiency	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
genital_herpes	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
gastroenteritis	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.6%)	>0.9
flow_problems	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.6%)	>0.9
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	4 (1.1%)	2 (1.0%)	2 (1.1%)	>0.9
factor2_mutation	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
diabetes_mellitus	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
cervical_incompetence	5 (1.4%)	3 (1.6%)	2 (1.1%)	>0.9
bicornuate_uterus	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
syphilis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
multiple_sclerosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
lopus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
familial_mediterranean_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
q_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	11	7	4
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

maternal perinatal labs

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
vaginal_culture				0.002
Negative	273 (90%)	168 (94%)	105 (83%)
Positive	31 (10%)	10 (5.6%)	21 (17%)
Unknown	176	90	86
platelets_104	208 (64)	201 (58)	217 (70)	0.012
Unknown	32	17	15
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.019
Negative	272 (96%)	139 (99%)	133 (94%)
Positive	10 (3.5%)	1 (0.7%)	9 (6.3%)
Unknown	198	128	70
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.088
Negative	265 (96%)	133 (98%)	132 (94%)
Positive	12 (4.3%)	3 (2.2%)	9 (6.4%)
Unknown	203	132	71
rectal_culture				0.2
Negative	255 (90%)	149 (93%)	106 (88%)
Positive	27 (9.6%)	12 (7.5%)	15 (12%)
Unknown	198	107	91
percent_bands_108	5.1 (3.3)	5.4 (3.5)	4.6 (3.1)	0.3
Unknown	413	226	187
hgb_105	12.02 (1.18)	12.06 (1.17)	11.96 (1.19)	0.4
Unknown	29	15	14
wbc_106	14.4 (4.5)	14.3 (4.3)	14.6 (4.7)	0.5
Unknown	29	15	14
rh				0.5
neg	41 (8.5%)	25 (9.3%)	16 (7.5%)
pos	439 (91%)	243 (91%)	196 (92%)
nrbc_abs_107	0.003 (0.006)	0.003 (0.007)	0.002 (0.004)	0.6
Unknown	387	214	173
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.8
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	31 (46%)	20 (49%)	11 (41%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	4 (5.9%)	3 (7.3%)	1 (3.7%)
כ-50,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (1.5%)	1 (2.4%)	0 (0%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	5 (7.4%)	2 (4.9%)	3 (11%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	5 (7.4%)	2 (4.9%)	3 (11%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	14 (21%)	9 (22%)	5 (19%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	7 (10%)	4 (9.8%)	3 (11%)
קוקים גרם חיוביים-הגדרה ורגישות תשלח בהתאם	1 (1.5%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.7%)
Unknown	412	227	185
abo				>0.9
A	184 (38%)	102 (38%)	82 (39%)
AB	41 (8.5%)	23 (8.6%)	18 (8.5%)
B	83 (17%)	49 (18%)	34 (16%)
O	172 (36%)	94 (35%)	78 (37%)
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
platelets_104	229 (83)	216 (69)	257 (105)	0.048
Unknown	7	3	4
nrbc_abs_107	0.004 (0.009)	0.005 (0.011)	0.001 (0.003)	0.072
Unknown	81	55	26
vaginal_culture				0.3
Negative	68 (86%)	51 (89%)	17 (77%)
Positive	11 (14%)	6 (11%)	5 (23%)
Unknown	35	20	15
hgb_105	11.41 (1.36)	11.49 (1.43)	11.24 (1.17)	0.4
Unknown	6	2	4
percent_bands_108				0.5
1	3 (12%)	1 (6.3%)	2 (20%)
2	2 (7.7%)	2 (13%)	0 (0%)
3	8 (31%)	5 (31%)	3 (30%)
4	4 (15%)	3 (19%)	1 (10%)
5	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)
6	2 (7.7%)	2 (13%)	0 (0%)
7	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	2 (20%)
10	3 (12%)	2 (13%)	1 (10%)
15	1 (3.8%)	1 (6.3%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	88	61	27
rectal_culture				0.5
Negative	65 (83%)	47 (85%)	18 (78%)
Positive	13 (17%)	8 (15%)	5 (22%)
Unknown	36	22	14
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.5
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	24 (47%)	17 (53%)	7 (37%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (3.9%)	1 (3.1%)	1 (5.3%)
כ-50,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (2.0%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	3 (5.9%)	1 (3.1%)	2 (11%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	3 (5.9%)	1 (3.1%)	2 (11%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	13 (25%)	9 (28%)	4 (21%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	4 (7.8%)	2 (6.3%)	2 (11%)
תרבית חיובית	1 (2.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)
Unknown	63	45	18
wbc_106	14.8 (4.4)	14.8 (4.6)	14.6 (4.1)	0.8
Unknown	6	2	4
abo				>0.9
A	40 (35%)	27 (35%)	13 (35%)
AB	9 (7.9%)	6 (7.8%)	3 (8.1%)
B	32 (28%)	22 (29%)	10 (27%)
O	33 (29%)	22 (29%)	11 (30%)
rh				>0.9
neg	11 (9.6%)	8 (10%)	3 (8.1%)
pos	103 (90%)	69 (90%)	34 (92%)
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery				>0.9
Negative	43 (98%)	25 (96%)	18 (100%)
Positive	1 (2.3%)	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	70	51	19
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery
Negative	44 (100%)	26 (100%)	18 (100%)
Unknown	70	51	19
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
vaginal_culture				<0.001
Negative	205 (91%)	117 (98%)	88 (84%)
Positive	20 (8.9%)	3 (2.5%)	17 (16%)
Unknown	143	71	72
platelets_104	200 (56)	193 (53)	208 (58)	0.014
Unknown	24	13	11
rectal_culture				0.020
Negative	190 (93%)	102 (97%)	88 (89%)
Positive	14 (6.9%)	3 (2.9%)	11 (11%)
Unknown	164	86	78
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.020
Negative	231 (96%)	114 (99%)	117 (93%)
Positive	10 (4.1%)	1 (0.9%)	9 (7.1%)
Unknown	127	76	51
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery				0.050
Negative	225 (95%)	109 (98%)	116 (93%)
Positive	11 (4.7%)	2 (1.8%)	9 (7.2%)
Unknown	132	80	52
hgb_105	12.20 (1.05)	12.30 (0.95)	12.10 (1.15)	0.080
Unknown	22	12	10
nrbc_abs_107	0.002 (0.004)	0.001 (0.003)	0.003 (0.004)	0.2
Unknown	307	158	149
wbc_106	14.3 (4.5)	14.1 (4.1)	14.6 (4.8)	0.3
Unknown	22	12	10
percent_bands_108	5.3 (3.3)	5.7 (3.4)	4.6 (3.2)	0.3
Unknown	327	166	161
rh				>0.9
neg	31 (8.4%)	16 (8.4%)	15 (8.5%)
pos	337 (92%)	175 (92%)	162 (92%)
abo				>0.9
A	145 (39%)	76 (40%)	69 (39%)
AB	31 (8.4%)	16 (8.4%)	15 (8.5%)
B	52 (14%)	28 (15%)	24 (14%)
O	140 (38%)	71 (37%)	69 (39%)
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery				>0.9
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	7 (39%)	3 (38%)	4 (40%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (5.6%)	1 (13%)	0 (0%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	3 (17%)	1 (13%)	2 (20%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (11%)	1 (13%)	1 (10%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (11%)	1 (13%)	1 (10%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	2 (11%)	1 (13%)	1 (10%)
קוקים גרם חיוביים-הגדרה ורגישות תשלח בהתאם	1 (5.6%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)
Unknown	350	183	167
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

Antibiotics during admission (>48 hrs before delivery)

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
second_ab_duration_days	5.40 (4.14)	5.95 (5.28)	4.80 (2.33)	0.4
Unknown	438	246	192
first_ab_duration_days	5.00 (3.68)	5.42 (5.00)	4.63 (1.90)	0.5
Unknown	429	244	185
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.61 (2.70)	-0.69 (3.13)	-0.52 (2.03)	0.5
Unknown	1	1	0
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	5.00 (1.41)	4.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	476	266	210
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.80 (3.15)	-0.87 (3.51)	-0.70 (2.64)	0.6
third_ab_duration_days	5.57 (1.98)	5.63 (2.03)	5.50 (1.99)	0.9
Unknown	450	252	198
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.0729 (0.8431)	-0.0784 (0.9547)	-0.0660 (0.6783)	0.9
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	480	268	212
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	480	268	212
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
¹ Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
second_ab_duration_days	5.54 (4.14)	6.19 (5.33)	4.85 (2.28)	0.3
Unknown	73	56	17
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-3.3 (5.8)	-3.0 (6.1)	-3.9 (5.2)	0.4
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	5.00 (1.41)	4.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	110	75	35
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-2.6 (5.1)	-2.5 (5.5)	-2.8 (4.1)	0.7
Unknown	1	1	0
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.3070 (1.7147)	-0.2727 (1.7744)	-0.3784 (1.6047)	0.8
first_ab_duration_days	5.53 (3.92)	5.65 (5.01)	5.42 (2.59)	0.8
Unknown	67	54	13
third_ab_duration_days	5.53 (2.03)	5.56 (2.13)	5.50 (1.99)	>0.9
Unknown	84	61	23
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	114	77	37
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	114	77	37
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
¹ Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
fourth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
third_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
second_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)	0.0000 (0.0000)
first_ab_duration_days	3.40 (2.07)	NA (NA)	3.40 (2.07)
Unknown	363	191	172
¹ Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

Delivery details

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.97 (0.92)	37.75 (0.87)	38.24 (0.90)	<0.001
Unknown	11	9	2
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	250 (52%)	167 (62%)	83 (39%)
vaginal	230 (48%)	101 (38%)	129 (61%)
gbs_final_status				0.002
0	166 (35%)	89 (33%)	77 (36%)
1	229 (48%)	144 (54%)	85 (40%)
2	85 (18%)	35 (13%)	50 (24%)
anaesthesia				0.004
general	50 (11%)	38 (15%)	12 (6.0%)
spinal/epidural	412 (89%)	224 (85%)	188 (94%)
Unknown	18	6	12
infant_position				0.012
אחר	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)
עכוז	35 (7.4%)	27 (10%)	8 (3.8%)
ראש	436 (92%)	236 (89%)	200 (96%)
Unknown	7	4	3
rom_hours	37 (87)	45 (111)	27 (43)	0.030
Unknown	64	43	21
infant_number_in_gestation				0.3
1	477 (99%)	265 (99%)	212 (100%)
2	3 (0.6%)	3 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
delivery_type				0.006
caesarean	70 (61%)	54 (70%)	16 (43%)
vaginal	44 (39%)	23 (30%)	21 (57%)
gbs_final_status				0.034
0	38 (33%)	23 (30%)	15 (41%)
1	56 (49%)	44 (57%)	12 (32%)
2	20 (18%)	10 (13%)	10 (27%)
maternal_max_fever	37.30 (0.87)	37.16 (0.78)	37.55 (0.98)	0.045
Unknown	8	7	1
anaesthesia				0.076
general	36 (33%)	29 (39%)	7 (21%)
spinal/epidural	72 (67%)	46 (61%)	26 (79%)
Unknown	6	2	4
rom_hours	130 (181)	150 (214)	94 (88)	0.12
Unknown	41	30	11
infant_position				0.2
אחר	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.7%)
עכוז	37 (33%)	28 (37%)	9 (24%)
ראש	74 (66%)	47 (63%)	27 (73%)
Unknown	2	2	0
infant_number_in_gestation				>0.9
1	107 (94%)	72 (94%)	35 (95%)
2	7 (6.1%)	5 (6.5%)	2 (5.4%)
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	37.99 (0.78)	38.38 (0.81)	<0.001
Unknown	3	2	1
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	180 (49%)	112 (59%)	68 (38%)
vaginal	188 (51%)	79 (41%)	109 (62%)
gbs_final_status				0.021
0	131 (36%)	67 (35%)	64 (36%)
1	173 (47%)	100 (52%)	73 (41%)
2	64 (17%)	24 (13%)	40 (23%)
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (13)	17 (12)	0.6
Unknown	22	12	10
anaesthesia				0.8
general	10 (2.8%)	6 (3.2%)	4 (2.4%)
spinal/epidural	345 (97%)	181 (97%)	164 (98%)
Unknown	13	4	9
infant_number_in_gestation				>0.9
1	367 (100%)	190 (99%)	177 (100%)
2	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
infant_position
ראש	363 (100%)	189 (100%)	174 (100%)
Unknown	5	2	3
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

Susceptiblity

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.97 (0.92)	37.75 (0.87)	38.24 (0.90)	<0.001
Unknown	11	9	2
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	250 (52%)	167 (62%)	83 (39%)
vaginal	230 (48%)	101 (38%)	129 (61%)
gbs_final_status				0.002
0	166 (35%)	89 (33%)	77 (36%)
1	229 (48%)	144 (54%)	85 (40%)
2	85 (18%)	35 (13%)	50 (24%)
anaesthesia				0.004
general	50 (11%)	38 (15%)	12 (6.0%)
spinal/epidural	412 (89%)	224 (85%)	188 (94%)
Unknown	18	6	12
infant_position				0.012
אחר	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)
עכוז	35 (7.4%)	27 (10%)	8 (3.8%)
ראש	436 (92%)	236 (89%)	200 (96%)
Unknown	7	4	3
rom_hours	37 (87)	45 (111)	27 (43)	0.030
Unknown	64	43	21
infant_number_in_gestation				0.3
1	477 (99%)	265 (99%)	212 (100%)
2	3 (0.6%)	3 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
delivery_type				0.006
caesarean	70 (61%)	54 (70%)	16 (43%)
vaginal	44 (39%)	23 (30%)	21 (57%)
gbs_final_status				0.034
0	38 (33%)	23 (30%)	15 (41%)
1	56 (49%)	44 (57%)	12 (32%)
2	20 (18%)	10 (13%)	10 (27%)
maternal_max_fever	37.30 (0.87)	37.16 (0.78)	37.55 (0.98)	0.045
Unknown	8	7	1
anaesthesia				0.076
general	36 (33%)	29 (39%)	7 (21%)
spinal/epidural	72 (67%)	46 (61%)	26 (79%)
Unknown	6	2	4
rom_hours	130 (181)	150 (214)	94 (88)	0.12
Unknown	41	30	11
infant_position				0.2
אחר	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.7%)
עכוז	37 (33%)	28 (37%)	9 (24%)
ראש	74 (66%)	47 (63%)	27 (73%)
Unknown	2	2	0
infant_number_in_gestation				>0.9
1	107 (94%)	72 (94%)	35 (95%)
2	7 (6.1%)	5 (6.5%)	2 (5.4%)
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	37.99 (0.78)	38.38 (0.81)	<0.001
Unknown	3	2	1
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	180 (49%)	112 (59%)	68 (38%)
vaginal	188 (51%)	79 (41%)	109 (62%)
gbs_final_status				0.021
0	131 (36%)	67 (35%)	64 (36%)
1	173 (47%)	100 (52%)	73 (41%)
2	64 (17%)	24 (13%)	40 (23%)
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (13)	17 (12)	0.6
Unknown	22	12	10
anaesthesia				0.8
general	10 (2.8%)	6 (3.2%)	4 (2.4%)
spinal/epidural	345 (97%)	181 (97%)	164 (98%)
Unknown	13	4	9
infant_number_in_gestation				>0.9
1	367 (100%)	190 (99%)	177 (100%)
2	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
infant_position
ראש	363 (100%)	189 (100%)	174 (100%)
Unknown	5	2	3
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

Infant labor results

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.97 (0.92)	37.75 (0.87)	38.24 (0.90)	<0.001
Unknown	11	9	2
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.22 (0.16)	-0.17 (0.10)	0.016
Unknown	328	159	169
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.6 (7.2)	-4.0 (6.0)	-5.1 (8.2)	0.2
Unknown	232	143	89
eos_antibiotics				0.4
0	119 (25%)	65 (24%)	54 (25%)
1	88 (18%)	49 (18%)	39 (18%)
2	179 (37%)	109 (41%)	70 (33%)
3	36 (7.5%)	17 (6.3%)	19 (9.0%)
4	58 (12%)	28 (10%)	30 (14%)
ampicillin_administration_time	-10 (11)	-11 (11)	-10 (11)	0.4
Unknown	150	76	74
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.7 (5.6)	-3.5 (5.5)	-3.9 (5.7)	0.7
Unknown	264	160	104
amoxicillin_administration_time	-26 (10)	-25 (15)	-28 (4)	0.7
Unknown	474	265	209
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
status_at_birth
חי	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
ceftriaxone_administration_time	-27.25 (3.89)	-24.50 (NA)	-30.00 (NA)
Unknown	478	267	211
roxithromycin_administration_time	-31 (16)	NA (NA)	-31 (16)
Unknown	477	268	209
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.30 (0.87)	37.16 (0.78)	37.55 (0.98)	0.045
Unknown	8	7	1
eos_antibiotics				0.10
0	31 (27%)	25 (32%)	6 (16%)
1	14 (12%)	11 (14%)	3 (8.1%)
2	56 (49%)	33 (43%)	23 (62%)
3	3 (2.6%)	3 (3.9%)	0 (0%)
4	10 (8.8%)	5 (6.5%)	5 (14%)
clindamycin_administration_time	-8 (13)	-5 (10)	-10 (15)	0.3
Unknown	80	58	22
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.21 (0.16)	-0.18 (0.06)	0.3
Unknown	67	38	29
ampicillin_administration_time	-16 (16)	-14 (15)	-19 (17)	0.3
Unknown	42	29	13
gentamicin_administration_time	-4.8 (8.5)	-3.4 (4.3)	-6.9 (12.3)	0.4
Unknown	85	60	25
amoxicillin_administration_time	-26 (10)	-24 (15)	-28 (4)	0.7
Unknown	108	74	34
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
status_at_birth
חי	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
ceftriaxone_administration_time	-27.25 (3.89)	-24.50 (NA)	-30.00 (NA)
Unknown	112	76	36
roxithromycin_administration_time	-31 (16)	NA (NA)	-31 (16)
Unknown	111	77	34
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	37.99 (0.78)	38.38 (0.81)	<0.001
Unknown	3	2	1
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.21 (0.15)	-0.23 (0.17)	-0.16 (0.11)	0.018
Unknown	263	121	142
ampicillin_administration_time	-9 (9)	-9 (9)	-8 (8)	0.14
Unknown	109	48	61
eos_antibiotics				0.2
0	88 (24%)	41 (21%)	47 (27%)
1	74 (20%)	38 (20%)	36 (20%)
2	124 (34%)	75 (39%)	49 (28%)
3	34 (9.2%)	15 (7.9%)	19 (11%)
4	48 (13%)	22 (12%)	26 (15%)
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.1 (5.8)	-3.8 (5.1)	-4.4 (6.5)	0.5
Unknown	151	84	67
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.3 (4.1)	-3.2 (4.1)	-3.5 (4.1)	0.6
Unknown	179	100	79
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
status_at_birth
חי	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
amoxicillin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
ceftriaxone_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
roxithromycin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	368	191	177
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

maternal labor complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	Neg. Cx, N = 268¹	Pos. Cx, N = 212¹	p-value²
post_partum_fever	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.4%)	0.085
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.4%)	0.085
sepsis	5 (1.0%)	2 (0.7%)	3 (1.4%)	0.7
cervical_tear	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	268 (100%)	212 (100%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	Neg. Cx, N = 77¹	Pos. Cx, N = 37¹	p-value²
sepsis	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.9%)	1 (1.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	77 (100%)	37 (100%)
post_partum_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cervical_tear	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	Neg. Cx, N = 191¹	Pos. Cx, N = 177¹	p-value²
post_partum_fever	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.7%)	0.11
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.7%)	0.11
sepsis	4 (1.1%)	1 (0.5%)	3 (1.7%)	0.4
cervical_tear	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	191 (100%)	177 (100%)
precipitate_labor	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

newborn

Delivery details

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
weight_grams	2,885 (929)	2,753 (973)	3,059 (839)	<0.001
gestational_age_weeks_days	37.5 (4.5)	36.8 (4.8)	38.3 (4.0)	<0.001
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.8 (38.1)	3.2 (13.4)	8.9 (54.3)	0.2
Unknown	101	68	33
sex				0.4
זכר	267 (53%)	156 (54%)	111 (51%)
נקבה	239 (47%)	131 (46%)	108 (49%)
size_for_gestational_age				0.4
AGA	436 (86%)	244 (85%)	192 (88%)
LGA	26 (5.1%)	14 (4.9%)	12 (5.5%)
SGA	44 (8.7%)	29 (10%)	15 (6.8%)
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
size_for_gestational_age				0.031
AGA	118 (88%)	83 (89%)	35 (85%)
LGA	7 (5.2%)	2 (2.2%)	5 (12%)
SGA	9 (6.7%)	8 (8.6%)	1 (2.4%)
sex				0.13
זכר	72 (54%)	54 (58%)	18 (44%)
נקבה	62 (46%)	39 (42%)	23 (56%)
weight_grams	1,604 (671)	1,564 (614)	1,697 (787)	0.3
gestational_age_weeks_days	30.8 (3.7)	30.7 (3.6)	31.0 (3.9)	0.7
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	8 (25)	8 (28)	9 (15)	0.8
Unknown	90	62	28
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
gestational_age_weeks_days	39.86 (1.15)	39.76 (1.14)	39.96 (1.16)	0.10
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.5 (39.4)	2.5 (8.7)	8.8 (56.1)	0.14
Unknown	11	6	5
weight_grams	3,346 (456)	3,323 (465)	3,372 (446)	0.3
size_for_gestational_age				0.4
AGA	318 (85%)	161 (83%)	157 (88%)
LGA	19 (5.1%)	12 (6.2%)	7 (3.9%)
SGA	35 (9.4%)	21 (11%)	14 (7.9%)
sex				>0.9
זכר	195 (52%)	102 (53%)	93 (52%)
נקבה	177 (48%)	92 (47%)	85 (48%)
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test

CBC

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.94 (0.92)	37.73 (0.87)	38.22 (0.90)	<0.001
Unknown	11	9	2
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	268 (53%)	180 (63%)	88 (40%)
vaginal	238 (47%)	107 (37%)	131 (60%)
weight_grams	2,885 (929)	2,753 (973)	3,059 (839)	<0.001
gestational_age_weeks_days	37.5 (4.5)	36.8 (4.8)	38.3 (4.0)	<0.001
gbs_final_status				<0.001
0	177 (35%)	95 (33%)	82 (37%)
1	241 (48%)	156 (54%)	85 (39%)
2	88 (17%)	36 (13%)	52 (24%)
vaginal_culture				<0.001
Negative	285 (89%)	180 (94%)	105 (82%)
Positive	34 (11%)	11 (5.8%)	23 (18%)
Unknown	187	96	91
anaesthesia				0.002
general	57 (12%)	44 (16%)	13 (6.3%)
spinal/epidural	429 (88%)	237 (84%)	192 (94%)
Unknown	20	6	14
abs_bands	1.52 (1.52)	2.23 (1.56)	0.46 (0.53)	0.003
Unknown	486	275	211
infant_position				0.005
אחר	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.4%)	1 (0.5%)
עכוז	44 (8.8%)	34 (12%)	10 (4.6%)
ראש	452 (91%)	247 (88%)	205 (95%)
Unknown	8	5	3
cord_pH	7.24 (0.11)	7.25 (0.10)	7.22 (0.11)	0.007
Unknown	86	53	33
i_t_ratio	0.06 (0.11)	0.05 (0.09)	0.08 (0.13)	0.008
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.22 (0.16)	-0.16 (0.10)	0.010
Unknown	342	169	173
percent_bands_174	8.8 (6.1)	7.7 (5.8)	10.2 (6.3)	0.011
Unknown	355	202	153
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	158 (31%)	77 (27%)	81 (37%)	0.015
rom_hours	37 (86)	45 (109)	27 (42)	0.022
Unknown	74	50	24
percent_bands_178	8.8 (6.1)	7.8 (5.9)	10.0 (6.1)	0.022
Unknown	342	200	142
resuscitation_of_newborn	142 (28%)	90 (31%)	52 (24%)	0.059
infant_number_in_gestation				0.066
1	488 (96%)	273 (95%)	215 (98%)
2	18 (3.6%)	14 (4.9%)	4 (1.8%)
rectal_culture				0.074
Negative	267 (90%)	161 (93%)	106 (86%)
Positive	30 (10%)	13 (7.5%)	17 (14%)
Unknown	209	113	96
post_partum_fever	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.4%)	0.080
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.4%)	0.080
nrbc_abs_175	1.14 (2.53)	1.49 (3.17)	0.65 (0.94)	0.086
Unknown	423	238	185
abs_myelocytes	0.81 (1.39)	1.24 (1.69)	0.18 (0.12)	0.10
Unknown	491	278	213
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.8 (38.1)	3.2 (13.4)	8.9 (54.3)	0.2
Unknown	101	68	33
ampicillin_administration_time	-11 (12)	-11 (12)	-10 (11)	0.2
Unknown	161	84	77
fhr_abnormalities	88 (17%)	45 (16%)	43 (20%)	0.2
Unknown	2	0	2
amoxicillin_administration_time				0.2
-41	1 (11%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
-32	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-27	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-24.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-20	2 (22%)	2 (33%)	0 (0%)
-17.7	2 (22%)	2 (33%)	0 (0%)
-12.5	1 (11%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	497	281	216
percent_bands_108	5.1 (3.3)	5.4 (3.4)	4.5 (3.0)	0.2
Unknown	436	244	192
abs_neutrophils	8.0 (5.4)	8.3 (5.8)	7.4 (4.6)	0.3
Unknown	343	190	153
second_ab_duration_days	5.06 (3.83)	5.48 (4.70)	4.52 (2.29)	0.3
Unknown	454	258	196
eos_antibiotics				0.4
0	125 (25%)	70 (24%)	55 (25%)
1	91 (18%)	52 (18%)	39 (18%)
2	191 (38%)	117 (41%)	74 (34%)
3	38 (7.5%)	19 (6.6%)	19 (8.7%)
4	61 (12%)	29 (10%)	32 (15%)
percent_immature_granulocytes	1.98 (1.61)	2.11 (1.74)	1.81 (1.40)	0.4
Unknown	431	243	188
sex				0.4
זכר	267 (53%)	156 (54%)	111 (51%)
נקבה	239 (47%)	131 (46%)	108 (49%)
size_for_gestational_age				0.4
AGA	436 (86%)	244 (85%)	192 (88%)
LGA	26 (5.1%)	14 (4.9%)	12 (5.5%)
SGA	44 (8.7%)	29 (10%)	15 (6.8%)
apgar_5	8.67 (2.38)	8.61 (2.41)	8.76 (2.33)	0.5
Unknown	2	1	1
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.62 (2.66)	-0.68 (3.05)	-0.54 (2.05)	0.5
Unknown	1	1	0
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.83 (3.11)	-0.90 (3.43)	-0.73 (2.63)	0.5
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.32 (0.36)	0.34 (0.40)	0.29 (0.30)	0.6
Unknown	431	243	188
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	5.00 (1.41)	4.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	502	285	217
hgb_172	16.56 (2.17)	16.50 (2.12)	16.64 (2.23)	0.6
Unknown	200	116	84
percent_myelocytes				0.6
0	2 (5.3%)	2 (11%)	0 (0%)
1	16 (42%)	8 (42%)	8 (42%)
2	10 (26%)	4 (21%)	6 (32%)
3	2 (5.3%)	0 (0%)	2 (11%)
4	3 (7.9%)	1 (5.3%)	2 (11%)
5	1 (2.6%)	1 (5.3%)	0 (0%)
6	2 (5.3%)	1 (5.3%)	1 (5.3%)
9	1 (2.6%)	1 (5.3%)	0 (0%)
10	1 (2.6%)	1 (5.3%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	468	268	200
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.99 (3.29)	-0.92 (3.26)	-1.08 (3.34)	0.6
third_ab_duration_days	5.27 (2.11)	5.11 (2.23)	5.50 (1.99)	0.6
Unknown	473	268	205
apgar_1	7.07 (2.51)	7.02 (2.57)	7.13 (2.45)	0.6
Unknown	2	1	1
nrbc_abs_107				0.6
0	80 (79%)	48 (81%)	32 (76%)
0.01	19 (19%)	9 (15%)	10 (24%)
0.0299999999999999	1 (1.0%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0%)
0.04	1 (1.0%)	1 (1.7%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	405	228	177
first_ab_duration_days	5.22 (3.77)	5.00 (4.41)	5.45 (3.01)	0.6
Unknown	443	255	188
wbc_106	14.4 (4.5)	14.3 (4.3)	14.5 (4.7)	0.6
Unknown	33	19	14
sepsis	5 (1.0%)	2 (0.7%)	3 (1.4%)	0.7
percent_neutrophils	48 (17)	48 (17)	49 (17)	0.7
Unknown	196	115	81
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery				0.8
-14	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)
-7	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.3%)	2 (0.9%)
0	502 (99%)	285 (99%)	217 (99%)
platelets_173	243 (65)	242 (69)	244 (60)	0.8
Unknown	200	116	84
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.9 (8.2)	-4.8 (8.2)	-5.1 (8.1)	0.8
Unknown	246	154	92
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.8 (6.0)	-3.8 (6.4)	-3.8 (5.6)	>0.9
Unknown	280	173	107
wbc_171	16 (8)	16 (8)	16 (8)	>0.9
Unknown	200	116	84
roxithromycin_administration_time				>0.9
-43.2997222222222	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
-37.1663888888888	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
-13	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
Unknown	503	287	216
ceftriaxone_administration_time				>0.9
-30	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)
-24.5	1 (50%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	504	286	218
cervical_tear	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	506	287	219
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	506	287	219
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
delivery_date	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2015-12-18 02:31:00 to 2021-12-14 03:05:00	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
status_at_birth
חי	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	506	287	219
percent_promyelocytes
2	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	505	286	219
abs_promyelocytes
0.12	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	505	286	219
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
delivery_type				0.006
caesarean	85 (63%)	66 (71%)	19 (46%)
vaginal	49 (37%)	27 (29%)	22 (54%)
gbs_final_status				0.007
0	45 (34%)	27 (29%)	18 (44%)
1	66 (49%)	54 (58%)	12 (29%)
2	23 (17%)	12 (13%)	11 (27%)
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-3.6 (5.6)	-2.8 (5.2)	-5.4 (6.0)	0.021
maternal_max_fever	37.25 (0.84)	37.12 (0.75)	37.52 (0.94)	0.021
Unknown	8	7	1
i_t_ratio	0.09 (0.12)	0.07 (0.10)	0.13 (0.15)	0.031
size_for_gestational_age				0.031
AGA	118 (88%)	83 (89%)	35 (85%)
LGA	7 (5.2%)	2 (2.2%)	5 (12%)
SGA	9 (6.7%)	8 (8.6%)	1 (2.4%)
anaesthesia				0.064
general	47 (37%)	38 (42%)	9 (24%)
spinal/epidural	81 (63%)	53 (58%)	28 (76%)
Unknown	6	2	4
cord_pH	7.29 (0.09)	7.28 (0.10)	7.31 (0.08)	0.074
Unknown	25	20	5
resuscitation_of_newborn	71 (53%)	54 (58%)	17 (41%)	0.076
sex				0.13
זכר	72 (54%)	54 (58%)	18 (44%)
נקבה	62 (46%)	39 (42%)	23 (56%)
percent_bands_174	6.2 (4.7)	5.5 (4.1)	7.5 (5.4)	0.2
Unknown	76	55	21
rom_hours	120 (173)	135 (202)	90 (88)	0.2
Unknown	52	38	14
abs_neutrophils	5.4 (5.3)	5.7 (5.9)	4.2 (2.8)	0.2
Unknown	68	43	25
eos_antibiotics				0.2
0	36 (27%)	28 (30%)	8 (20%)
1	15 (11%)	12 (13%)	3 (7.3%)
2	66 (49%)	42 (45%)	24 (59%)
3	4 (3.0%)	4 (4.3%)	0 (0%)
4	13 (9.7%)	7 (7.5%)	6 (15%)
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	3 (2.2%)	1 (1.1%)	2 (4.9%)	0.2
percent_bands_178	6.7 (5.2)	6.1 (5.0)	7.7 (5.4)	0.2
Unknown	69	54	15
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.14)	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.17 (0.05)	0.2
Unknown	76	45	31
amoxicillin_administration_time				0.2
-41	1 (11%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
-32	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-27	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-24.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
-20	2 (22%)	2 (33%)	0 (0%)
-17.7	2 (22%)	2 (33%)	0 (0%)
-12.5	1 (11%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	125	87	38
infant_position				0.2
אחר	2 (1.5%)	1 (1.1%)	1 (2.4%)
עכוז	44 (33%)	34 (37%)	10 (24%)
ראש	86 (65%)	56 (62%)	30 (73%)
Unknown	2	2	0
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-3.1 (5.4)	-2.8 (5.6)	-3.9 (5.0)	0.3
percent_bands_108				0.3
1	3 (10%)	1 (5.6%)	2 (18%)
2	2 (6.9%)	2 (11%)	0 (0%)
3	8 (28%)	5 (28%)	3 (27%)
4	5 (17%)	3 (17%)	2 (18%)
5	1 (3.4%)	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)
6	4 (14%)	4 (22%)	0 (0%)
7	2 (6.9%)	0 (0%)	2 (18%)
10	3 (10%)	2 (11%)	1 (9.1%)
15	1 (3.4%)	1 (5.6%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	105	75	30
vaginal_culture				0.3
Negative	78 (86%)	61 (88%)	17 (77%)
Positive	13 (14%)	8 (12%)	5 (23%)
Unknown	43	24	19
nrbc_abs_175	2.05 (3.71)	2.25 (4.11)	1.29 (1.48)	0.3
Unknown	101	67	34
weight_grams	1,604 (671)	1,564 (614)	1,697 (787)	0.3
second_ab_duration_days	5.06 (3.83)	5.48 (4.70)	4.52 (2.29)	0.3
Unknown	82	64	18
percent_neutrophils	40 (16)	39 (16)	42 (16)	0.4
Unknown	9	8	1
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-2.4 (4.8)	-2.1 (5.1)	-2.9 (4.0)	0.4
Unknown	1	1	0
first_ab_duration_days	5.38 (3.85)	5.00 (4.41)	5.85 (3.03)	0.4
Unknown	76	61	15
apgar_1	5.99 (3.01)	5.84 (2.94)	6.34 (3.19)	0.4
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery				0.5
-14	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
-7	3 (2.2%)	1 (1.1%)	2 (4.9%)
0	130 (97%)	91 (98%)	39 (95%)
fhr_abnormalities	25 (19%)	19 (20%)	6 (15%)	0.5
Unknown	1	0	1
rectal_culture				0.5
Negative	75 (83%)	57 (85%)	18 (78%)
Positive	15 (17%)	10 (15%)	5 (22%)
Unknown	44	26	18
infant_number_in_gestation				0.6
1	119 (89%)	81 (87%)	38 (93%)
2	15 (11%)	12 (13%)	3 (7.3%)
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	5.00 (1.41)	4.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	130	91	39
hgb_172	16.18 (2.25)	16.09 (2.16)	16.36 (2.47)	0.6
Unknown	13	9	4
wbc_106	14.7 (4.4)	14.9 (4.7)	14.4 (3.9)	0.6
Unknown	10	6	4
third_ab_duration_days	5.27 (2.11)	5.11 (2.23)	5.50 (1.99)	0.6
Unknown	101	74	27
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.31 (0.47)	0.32 (0.51)	0.24 (0.24)	0.6
Unknown	108	71	37
ampicillin_administration_time	-17 (16)	-16 (16)	-18 (17)	0.6
Unknown	51	35	16
apgar_5	7.2 (3.6)	7.3 (3.4)	7.0 (4.0)	0.7
wbc_171	13 (7)	13 (7)	13 (8)	0.7
Unknown	13	9	4
gestational_age_weeks_days	30.8 (3.7)	30.7 (3.6)	31.0 (3.9)	0.7
percent_myelocytes				0.8
0	1 (7.1%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
1	4 (29%)	1 (17%)	3 (38%)
2	4 (29%)	2 (33%)	2 (25%)
3	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
4	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
6	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
9	1 (7.1%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
10	1 (7.1%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	120	87	33
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	8 (25)	8 (28)	9 (15)	0.8
Unknown	90	62	28
platelets_173	241 (69)	240 (74)	242 (59)	0.9
Unknown	13	9	4
gentamicin_administration_time	-7 (12)	-7 (12)	-6 (11)	0.9
Unknown	99	72	27
percent_immature_granulocytes	2.25 (2.20)	2.25 (2.23)	2.20 (2.31)	>0.9
Unknown	108	71	37
clindamycin_administration_time	-10 (15)	-10 (15)	-10 (14)	>0.9
Unknown	93	69	24
nrbc_abs_107				>0.9
0	30 (75%)	19 (73%)	11 (79%)
0.01	8 (20%)	5 (19%)	3 (21%)
0.0299999999999999	1 (2.5%)	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)
0.04	1 (2.5%)	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	94	67	27
abs_bands				>0.9
0.04	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
0.0599999999999999	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
0.13	1 (13%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)
0.17	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)
0.34	1 (13%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)
0.489999999999999	1 (13%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)
2.64	1 (13%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)
3.96	1 (13%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	126	88	38
roxithromycin_administration_time				>0.9
-43.2997222222222	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
-37.1663888888888	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
-13	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
Unknown	131	93	38
ceftriaxone_administration_time				>0.9
-30	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)
-24.5	1 (50%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	132	92	40
sepsis	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
abs_myelocytes				>0.9
0.04	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (50%)
0.27	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (50%)
0.38	1 (20%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)
3.95	1 (20%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)
4.4	1 (20%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	129	90	39
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	93	41
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	93	41
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
delivery_date	2015-12-21 08:37:00 to 2021-12-12 20:26:00	2015-12-21 08:37:00 to 2021-12-09 19:09:00	2016-03-23 17:20:00 to 2021-12-12 20:26:00
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
status_at_birth
חי	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
post_partum_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cervical_tear	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	134	93	41
percent_promyelocytes	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	93	41
abs_promyelocytes	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	93	41
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	38.00 (0.78)	38.38 (0.81)	<0.001
Unknown	3	2	1
delivery_type				<0.001
caesarean	183 (49%)	114 (59%)	69 (39%)
vaginal	189 (51%)	80 (41%)	109 (61%)
vaginal_culture				<0.001
Negative	207 (91%)	119 (98%)	88 (83%)
Positive	21 (9.2%)	3 (2.5%)	18 (17%)
Unknown	144	72	72
cord_pH	7.22 (0.11)	7.24 (0.10)	7.20 (0.11)	0.002
Unknown	61	33	28
abs_neutrophils	9.7 (4.6)	11.1 (4.3)	8.4 (4.6)	0.004
Unknown	275	147	128
abs_bands	1.88 (1.49)	2.74 (1.34)	0.68 (0.57)	0.006
Unknown	360	187	173
rectal_culture				0.011
Negative	192 (93%)	104 (97%)	88 (88%)
Positive	15 (7.2%)	3 (2.8%)	12 (12%)
Unknown	165	87	78
gbs_final_status				0.013
0	132 (35%)	68 (35%)	64 (36%)
1	175 (47%)	102 (53%)	73 (41%)
2	65 (17%)	24 (12%)	41 (23%)
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.23 (0.17)	-0.16 (0.11)	0.015
Unknown	266	124	142
percent_neutrophils	54 (15)	57 (13)	51 (16)	0.017
Unknown	187	107	80
i_t_ratio	0.06 (0.11)	0.04 (0.09)	0.07 (0.12)	0.021
wbc_171	19 (7)	20 (6)	17 (8)	0.021
Unknown	187	107	80
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery				0.024
-4	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.1%)
-2.5	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)
-2.41666666666667	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)
-2.13193287037037	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)
0	367 (99%)	194 (100%)	173 (97%)
fhr_abnormalities	63 (17%)	26 (13%)	37 (21%)	0.055
Unknown	1	0	1
gestational_age_weeks_days	39.86 (1.15)	39.76 (1.14)	39.96 (1.16)	0.10
post_partum_fever	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.7%)	0.11
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.7%)	0.11
percent_bands_178	10.2 (6.2)	9.3 (6.2)	11.2 (6.2)	0.13
Unknown	273	146	127
percent_bands_174	10.4 (6.4)	9.4 (6.4)	11.4 (6.3)	0.13
Unknown	279	147	132
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.5 (39.4)	2.5 (8.7)	8.8 (56.1)	0.14
Unknown	11	6	5
ampicillin_administration_time	-8 (9)	-9 (9)	-8 (8)	0.2
Unknown	110	49	61
abs_myelocytes	0.32 (0.26)	0.40 (0.31)	0.19 (0.11)	0.2
Unknown	362	188	174
nrbc_abs_107				0.2
0	50 (82%)	29 (88%)	21 (75%)
0.01	11 (18%)	4 (12%)	7 (25%)
Unknown	311	161	150
apgar_5				0.2
-1	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)	2 (1.1%)
2	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)
4	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)
5	2 (0.5%)	2 (1.0%)	0 (0%)
6	5 (1.4%)	1 (0.5%)	4 (2.3%)
7	19 (5.1%)	13 (6.7%)	6 (3.4%)
8	39 (11%)	18 (9.3%)	21 (12%)
9	87 (24%)	41 (21%)	46 (26%)
10	213 (58%)	116 (60%)	97 (55%)
Unknown	2	1	1
apgar_1	7.46 (2.18)	7.59 (2.15)	7.32 (2.21)	0.2
Unknown	2	1	1
eos_antibiotics				0.2
0	89 (24%)	42 (22%)	47 (26%)
1	76 (20%)	40 (21%)	36 (20%)
2	125 (34%)	75 (39%)	50 (28%)
3	34 (9.1%)	15 (7.7%)	19 (11%)
4	48 (13%)	22 (11%)	26 (15%)
weight_grams	3,346 (456)	3,323 (465)	3,372 (446)	0.3
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	155 (42%)	76 (39%)	79 (44%)	0.3
percent_bands_108	5.3 (3.3)	5.7 (3.4)	4.6 (3.2)	0.3
Unknown	331	169	162
wbc_106	14.3 (4.5)	14.1 (4.1)	14.6 (4.8)	0.3
Unknown	23	13	10
sepsis	4 (1.1%)	1 (0.5%)	3 (1.7%)	0.4
size_for_gestational_age				0.4
AGA	318 (85%)	161 (83%)	157 (88%)
LGA	19 (5.1%)	12 (6.2%)	7 (3.9%)
SGA	35 (9.4%)	21 (11%)	14 (7.9%)
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.1 (5.8)	-3.7 (5.1)	-4.4 (6.5)	0.4
Unknown	153	85	68
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.33 (0.29)	0.36 (0.27)	0.30 (0.31)	0.4
Unknown	323	172	151
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.3 (4.1)	-3.1 (4.1)	-3.5 (4.1)	0.5
Unknown	181	101	80
percent_immature_granulocytes	1.84 (1.19)	1.96 (1.10)	1.75 (1.28)	0.5
Unknown	323	172	151
nrbc_abs_175	0.54 (0.90)	0.62 (1.11)	0.48 (0.69)	0.6
Unknown	322	171	151
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (13)	17 (12)	0.6
Unknown	22	12	10
hgb_172	16.81 (2.08)	16.89 (2.02)	16.74 (2.14)	0.6
Unknown	187	107	80
anaesthesia				0.8
general	10 (2.8%)	6 (3.2%)	4 (2.4%)
spinal/epidural	348 (97%)	184 (97%)	164 (98%)
Unknown	14	4	10
percent_myelocytes				0.8
0	1 (4.2%)	1 (7.7%)	0 (0%)
1	12 (50%)	7 (54%)	5 (45%)
2	6 (25%)	2 (15%)	4 (36%)
3	1 (4.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)
4	2 (8.3%)	1 (7.7%)	1 (9.1%)
5	1 (4.2%)	1 (7.7%)	0 (0%)
6	1 (4.2%)	1 (7.7%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	348	181	167
resuscitation_of_newborn	71 (19%)	36 (19%)	35 (20%)	0.8
platelets_173	244 (62)	243 (65)	245 (60)	0.9
Unknown	187	107	80
sex				>0.9
זכר	195 (52%)	102 (53%)	93 (52%)
נקבה	177 (48%)	92 (47%)	85 (48%)
infant_number_in_gestation				>0.9
1	369 (99%)	192 (99%)	177 (99%)
2	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.0%)	1 (0.6%)
cervical_tear	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fourth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
third_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
second_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
first_ab_duration_days	3.40 (2.07)	NA (NA)	3.40 (2.07)
Unknown	367	194	173
delivery_date	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2015-12-18 02:31:00 to 2021-12-14 03:05:00	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00
infant_position
ראש	366 (100%)	191 (100%)	175 (100%)
Unknown	6	3	3
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
roxithromycin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
ceftriaxone_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
amoxicillin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	194	178
status_at_birth
חי	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
precipitate_labor	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	372	194	178
percent_promyelocytes
2	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	371	193	178
abs_promyelocytes
0.12	1 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	371	193	178
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test

CRP

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	3.0 (5.4)	1.5 (2.7)	4.5 (6.9)	<0.001
Unknown	246	154	92
crp_last_in_7_days	1.27 (2.57)	0.83 (1.96)	1.72 (3.01)	0.006
Unknown	250	158	92
crp_max_in_24h	2.4 (3.7)	1.4 (2.7)	3.2 (4.1)	0.006
Unknown	395	238	157
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	1.62 (3.72)	1.11 (2.57)	2.72 (5.27)	0.081
Unknown	16	13	3
crp_max_in_24h	1.80 (3.46)	1.35 (2.66)	2.49 (4.44)	0.4
Unknown	96	70	26
crp_last_in_7_days	0.62 (1.81)	0.55 (2.09)	0.75 (1.03)	0.5
Unknown	20	17	3
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	4.1 (6.3)	2.0 (2.8)	5.3 (7.4)	<0.001
Unknown	230	141	89
crp_max_in_24h	2.7 (3.8)	1.4 (2.9)	3.4 (4.0)	0.014
Unknown	299	168	131
crp_last_in_7_days	1.79 (2.95)	1.23 (1.70)	2.13 (3.46)	0.041
Unknown	230	141	89
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test

LP and Blood Cx

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
lp_culture	26 (5.1%)	7 (2.4%)	19 (8.7%)	0.002
blood_cx				0.2
0	189 (37%)	117 (41%)	72 (33%)
1	314 (62%)	168 (59%)	146 (67%)
2	3 (0.6%)	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.5%)
lp_wbc	85 (348)	217 (605)	19 (33)	0.4
Unknown	482	279	203
lp_glu	53 (13)	54 (19)	52 (10)	0.8
Unknown	482	279	203
lp_protein	96 (61)	98 (46)	95 (68)	0.9
Unknown	482	279	203
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	504	286	218
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
blood_cx				>0.9
0	16 (12%)	11 (12%)	5 (12%)
1	117 (87%)	81 (87%)	36 (88%)
2	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
lp_culture	6 (4.5%)	4 (4.3%)	2 (4.9%)	>0.9
lp_protein				>0.9
112.8	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
135.74	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
137.78	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
160.5	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)
161.349999999999	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	129	89	40
lp_glu				>0.9
32.6	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
46.7	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)
60.2	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
67	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
92.2	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	129	89	40
lp_wbc				>0.9
0	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
2	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
3	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
9	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)
1714	1 (20%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	129	89	40
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	93	41
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
lp_culture	20 (5.4%)	3 (1.5%)	17 (9.6%)	<0.001
blood_cx				0.002
0	173 (47%)	106 (55%)	67 (38%)
1	197 (53%)	87 (45%)	110 (62%)
2	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.6%)
lp_glu	51 (10)	45 (4)	53 (10)	0.030
Unknown	353	190	163
lp_wbc	17 (31)	5 (4)	20 (34)	0.11
Unknown	353	190	163
lp_protein	84 (62)	59 (24)	90 (68)	0.2
Unknown	353	190	163
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	370	193	177
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test

Hospitalization of Newborn

Ventilation

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
antibiotic_treatment_duration				0.002
0	266 (54%)	154 (55%)	112 (53%)
1	106 (22%)	68 (24%)	38 (18%)
2	105 (21%)	55 (20%)	50 (23%)
3	15 (3.0%)	2 (0.7%)	13 (6.1%)
Unknown	14	8	6
uvc	71 (14%)	50 (17%)	21 (9.6%)	0.012
nicu_stay_length_days	13 (28)	15 (29)	10 (25)	0.026
Unknown	1	0	1
peripheral_iv	197 (39%)	100 (35%)	97 (44%)	0.031
noninvasive_ventilation	98 (19%)	63 (22%)	35 (16%)	0.092
tpn	107 (21%)	68 (24%)	39 (18%)	0.11
uac	48 (9.5%)	32 (11%)	16 (7.3%)	0.14
nursery_stay_length_days	3.04 (2.61)	2.90 (2.36)	3.21 (2.89)	0.2
invasive_ventilation	48 (9.5%)	31 (11%)	17 (7.8%)	0.2
picc_line	21 (4.2%)	14 (4.9%)	7 (3.2%)	0.3
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
peripheral_iv	93 (69%)	60 (65%)	33 (80%)	0.064
antibiotic_treatment_duration				0.077
0	16 (13%)	12 (14%)	4 (11%)
1	62 (50%)	42 (49%)	20 (54%)
2	40 (33%)	31 (36%)	9 (24%)
3	5 (4.1%)	1 (1.2%)	4 (11%)
Unknown	11	7	4
uvc	60 (45%)	45 (48%)	15 (37%)	0.2
noninvasive_ventilation	76 (57%)	55 (59%)	21 (51%)	0.4
nursery_stay_length_days				0.5
0	118 (88%)	84 (90%)	34 (83%)
1	5 (3.7%)	3 (3.2%)	2 (4.9%)
2	3 (2.2%)	1 (1.1%)	2 (4.9%)
4	3 (2.2%)	1 (1.1%)	2 (4.9%)
5	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
6	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.1%)	0 (0%)
7	3 (2.2%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (2.4%)
tpn	90 (67%)	61 (66%)	29 (71%)	0.6
picc_line	21 (16%)	14 (15%)	7 (17%)	0.8
nicu_stay_length_days	45 (38)	46 (36)	43 (44)	0.8
invasive_ventilation	41 (31%)	28 (30%)	13 (32%)	0.9
uac	45 (34%)	31 (33%)	14 (34%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
nicu_stay_length_days	1.61 (3.67)	0.97 (2.81)	2.30 (4.33)	<0.001
Unknown	1	0	1
antibiotic_treatment_duration				<0.001
0	250 (68%)	142 (74%)	108 (61%)
1	44 (12%)	26 (13%)	18 (10%)
2	65 (18%)	24 (12%)	41 (23%)
3	10 (2.7%)	1 (0.5%)	9 (5.1%)
Unknown	3	1	2
peripheral_iv	104 (28%)	40 (21%)	64 (36%)	<0.001
noninvasive_ventilation	22 (5.9%)	8 (4.1%)	14 (7.9%)	0.13
nursery_stay_length_days	3.98 (2.28)	4.12 (1.67)	3.84 (2.79)	0.2
tpn	17 (4.6%)	7 (3.6%)	10 (5.6%)	0.4
uac	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.5%)	2 (1.1%)	0.6
uvc	11 (3.0%)	5 (2.6%)	6 (3.4%)	0.7
invasive_ventilation	7 (1.9%)	3 (1.5%)	4 (2.2%)	0.7
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
picc_line	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Welch Two Sample t-test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

Newborn complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	Neg. Cx, N = 287¹	Pos. Cx, N = 219¹	p-value²
rds	73 (14%)	54 (19%)	19 (8.7%)	0.001
pda	37 (7.3%)	27 (9.4%)	10 (4.6%)	0.038
phototherapy	107 (21%)	70 (24%)	37 (17%)	0.041
anemia_2	52 (10%)	36 (13%)	16 (7.3%)	0.055
sepsis_2	23 (4.5%)	9 (3.1%)	14 (6.4%)	0.081
bpd	33 (6.5%)	23 (8.0%)	10 (4.6%)	0.12
jaundice	212 (42%)	128 (45%)	84 (38%)	0.2
pulmonary_hypertension	10 (2.0%)	4 (1.4%)	6 (2.7%)	0.3
nec	7 (1.4%)	5 (1.7%)	2 (0.9%)	0.7
ivh	15 (3.0%)	8 (2.8%)	7 (3.2%)	0.8
rop	14 (2.8%)	8 (2.8%)	6 (2.7%)	>0.9
pvl	3 (0.6%)	2 (0.7%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	287 (100%)	219 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
rds	72 (54%)	54 (58%)	18 (44%)	0.13
ivh	15 (11%)	8 (8.6%)	7 (17%)	0.2
rop	14 (10%)	8 (8.6%)	6 (15%)	0.4
pda	33 (25%)	25 (27%)	8 (20%)	0.4
sepsis_2	12 (9.0%)	7 (7.5%)	5 (12%)	0.5
anemia_2	50 (37%)	36 (39%)	14 (34%)	0.6
jaundice	101 (75%)	69 (74%)	32 (78%)	0.6
phototherapy	80 (60%)	56 (60%)	24 (59%)	0.9
bpd	33 (25%)	23 (25%)	10 (24%)	>0.9
pulmonary_hypertension	4 (3.0%)	3 (3.2%)	1 (2.4%)	>0.9
pvl	3 (2.2%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (2.4%)	>0.9
nec	7 (5.2%)	5 (5.4%)	2 (4.9%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	Neg. Cx, N = 194¹	Pos. Cx, N = 178¹	p-value²
sepsis_2	11 (3.0%)	2 (1.0%)	9 (5.1%)	0.022
pulmonary_hypertension	6 (1.6%)	1 (0.5%)	5 (2.8%)	0.11
anemia_2	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.1%)	0.2
rds	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.6%)	0.5
jaundice	111 (30%)	59 (30%)	52 (29%)	0.8
phototherapy	27 (7.3%)	14 (7.2%)	13 (7.3%)	>0.9
pda	4 (1.1%)	2 (1.0%)	2 (1.1%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	194 (100%)	178 (100%)
pvl	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rop	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
bpd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nec	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
ivh	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

Preterm complications

Preterm complications
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	Neg. Cx, N = 93¹	Pos. Cx, N = 41¹	p-value²
rds	72 (54%)	54 (58%)	18 (44%)	0.13
ivh	15 (11%)	8 (8.6%)	7 (17%)	0.2
rop	14 (10%)	8 (8.6%)	6 (15%)	0.4
pda	33 (25%)	25 (27%)	8 (20%)	0.4
sepsis_2	12 (9.0%)	7 (7.5%)	5 (12%)	0.5
anemia_2	50 (37%)	36 (39%)	14 (34%)	0.6
jaundice	101 (75%)	69 (74%)	32 (78%)	0.6
phototherapy	80 (60%)	56 (60%)	24 (59%)	0.9
bpd	33 (25%)	23 (25%)	10 (24%)	>0.9
pulmonary_hypertension	4 (3.0%)	3 (3.2%)	1 (2.4%)	>0.9
pvl	3 (2.2%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (2.4%)	>0.9
nec	7 (5.2%)	5 (5.4%)	2 (4.9%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	93 (100%)	41 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

Analysis by negative vs exclusive maternal/fetal vs both

maternal demographic and obstetric history

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
age	30.2 (5.3)	29.7 (5.3)	28.1 (3.9)	29.0 (5.4)	30.9 (5.4)	0.004
smoker	4 (0.8%)	4 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.029
bmi	30.8 (15.4)	34.1 (27.5)	30.2 (5.2)	29.9 (5.0)	29.3 (5.1)	0.073
Unknown	113	25	7	16	65
natural_miscarriages	0.43 (0.68)	0.36 (0.57)	0.61 (0.78)	0.32 (0.69)	0.46 (0.71)	0.4
Unknown	206	63	14	25	104
elective_abortions	0.30 (0.68)	0.33 (0.76)	0.47 (0.72)	0.13 (0.45)	0.30 (0.67)	0.4
Unknown	226	66	15	26	119
live_children	0.68 (0.96)	0.70 (0.98)	0.76 (0.75)	0.55 (0.81)	0.68 (0.99)	0.9
Unknown	172	47	15	19	91
full_term_deliveries	0.61 (0.92)	0.67 (0.96)	0.61 (0.70)	0.50 (0.82)	0.61 (0.94)	0.9
Unknown	173	46	14	20	93
preterm_deliveries	24 (9.8%)	6 (10%)	2 (15%)	2 (8.0%)	14 (9.5%)	0.9
Unknown	234	70	19	25	120
past_smoker	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
ethnicity
Arab. Christian	21 (4.4%)	2 (1.5%)	3 (9.4%)	2 (4.0%)	14 (5.2%)
Arab. Muslim	100 (21%)	39 (30%)	3 (9.4%)	12 (24%)	46 (17%)
Druze	15 (3.1%)	4 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	10 (3.7%)
Jew	305 (64%)	73 (56%)	25 (78%)	31 (62%)	176 (66%)
Muslim	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Other	38 (7.9%)	11 (8.5%)	1 (3.1%)	4 (8.0%)	22 (8.2%)
gravida
1	266 (55%)	71 (55%)	15 (47%)	36 (72%)	144 (54%)
2	98 (20%)	31 (24%)	6 (19%)	4 (8.0%)	57 (21%)
3	65 (14%)	16 (12%)	8 (25%)	6 (12%)	35 (13%)
4	33 (6.9%)	7 (5.4%)	2 (6.3%)	4 (8.0%)	20 (7.5%)
5	10 (2.1%)	3 (2.3%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	6 (2.2%)
6	6 (1.3%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	5 (1.9%)
8	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
elective_abortions	0.33 (0.83)	0.89 (1.69)	0.25 (0.50)	0.29 (0.76)	0.22 (0.48)	0.2
Unknown	57	14	0	3	40
preterm_deliveries	16 (27%)	4 (40%)	2 (67%)	2 (29%)	8 (21%)	0.2
Unknown	55	13	1	3	38
smoker	1 (0.9%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.3
bmi	30.4 (18.6)	36.1 (36.7)	35.0 (8.0)	28.0 (5.4)	28.5 (5.8)	0.5
Unknown	30	3	2	2	23
full_term_deliveries	0.99 (1.18)	1.00 (1.18)	0.25 (0.50)	0.71 (1.25)	1.09 (1.21)	0.5
Unknown	42	9	0	3	30
age	32 (7)	33 (6)	31 (5)	30 (9)	32 (7)	0.7
ethnicity						0.9
Arab. Christian	5 (4.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	5 (6.5%)
Arab. Muslim	29 (25%)	6 (26%)	0 (0%)	3 (30%)	20 (26%)
Jew	71 (62%)	14 (61%)	4 (100%)	6 (60%)	47 (61%)
Other	9 (7.9%)	3 (13%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	5 (6.5%)
live_children	1.12 (1.11)	1.13 (1.13)	1.00 (0.82)	0.88 (1.13)	1.16 (1.14)	>0.9
Unknown	38	8	0	2	28
natural_miscarriages	0.75 (0.89)	0.73 (0.79)	0.67 (1.15)	0.67 (1.21)	0.78 (0.89)	>0.9
Unknown	54	12	1	4	37
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
past_smoker	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
gravida
1	50 (44%)	10 (43%)	0 (0%)	5 (50%)	35 (45%)
2	18 (16%)	3 (13%)	2 (50%)	0 (0%)	13 (17%)
3	22 (19%)	4 (17%)	2 (50%)	2 (20%)	14 (18%)
4	15 (13%)	4 (17%)	0 (0%)	3 (30%)	8 (10%)
5	4 (3.5%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.9%)
6	3 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.9%)
8	2 (1.8%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
age	29.5 (4.6)	29.0 (4.9)	27.8 (3.6)	28.5 (4.1)	30.3 (4.5)	0.005
smoker	3 (0.8%)	3 (2.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.11
elective_abortions	0.29 (0.63)	0.23 (0.43)	0.54 (0.78)	0.05 (0.23)	0.33 (0.73)	0.13
Unknown	169	52	15	22	80
bmi	30.8 (14.3)	33.5 (24.9)	29.8 (4.9)	30.8 (4.8)	29.4 (4.6)	0.2
Unknown	83	22	5	14	42
natural_miscarriages	0.35 (0.61)	0.28 (0.49)	0.60 (0.74)	0.33 (0.73)	0.36 (0.62)	0.3
Unknown	152	51	13	20	68
full_term_deliveries	0.51 (0.80)	0.59 (0.90)	0.71 (0.73)	0.40 (0.65)	0.46 (0.77)	0.4
Unknown	131	37	14	16	64
live_children	0.54 (0.86)	0.59 (0.93)	0.69 (0.75)	0.40 (0.65)	0.52 (0.88)	0.7
Unknown	134	39	15	16	64
preterm_deliveries	7 (3.7%)	2 (3.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	5 (4.7%)	>0.9
Unknown	180	57	18	21	84
past_smoker	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
ethnicity
Arab. Christian	16 (4.3%)	2 (1.9%)	3 (11%)	2 (4.9%)	9 (4.7%)
Arab. Muslim	72 (20%)	33 (31%)	3 (11%)	10 (24%)	26 (14%)
Druze	15 (4.1%)	4 (3.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	10 (5.2%)
Jew	235 (64%)	60 (56%)	21 (75%)	25 (61%)	129 (68%)
Muslim	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Other	29 (7.9%)	8 (7.4%)	1 (3.6%)	3 (7.3%)	17 (8.9%)
gravida
1	217 (59%)	62 (57%)	15 (54%)	31 (76%)	109 (57%)
2	78 (21%)	28 (26%)	4 (14%)	4 (9.8%)	42 (22%)
3	45 (12%)	12 (11%)	6 (21%)	4 (9.8%)	23 (12%)
4	19 (5.2%)	3 (2.8%)	2 (7.1%)	2 (4.9%)	12 (6.3%)
5	6 (1.6%)	2 (1.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)
6	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.0%)
8	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

maternal illness and pregnancy complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
pruritus	12 (2.5%)	4 (3.1%)	1 (3.1%)	4 (8.0%)	3 (1.1%)	0.030
septated_uterus	3 (0.6%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.050
premature_uterine_contractions	48 (10%)	6 (4.6%)	2 (6.3%)	7 (14%)	33 (12%)	0.052
diabetes_type1	8 (1.7%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	6 (2.2%)	0.055
anemia	89 (19%)	29 (22%)	8 (25%)	12 (24%)	40 (15%)	0.14
gestational_diabetes	53 (11%)	13 (10%)	7 (22%)	3 (6.0%)	30 (11%)	0.2
diabetes_type2	4 (0.8%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	0.2
mitral_valve_prolapse	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	0.3
mild_preeclampsia	13 (2.7%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (3.1%)	1 (2.0%)	10 (3.7%)	0.3
pyelonephritis	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	1 (0.4%)	0.4
cervical_incompetence	31 (6.5%)	7 (5.4%)	0 (0%)	4 (8.0%)	20 (7.5%)	0.4
low_plt	5 (1.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	4 (1.5%)	0.4
severe_preeclampsia	18 (3.8%)	7 (5.4%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	10 (3.7%)	0.4
lopus_antibodies	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.4
factor5_leiden_homozygous	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.4
epilepsy	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.4
dvt	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.4
q_fever	1 (0.2%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.4
Unknown	14	5	1	0	8
flow_problems	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.5
obesity	13 (2.7%)	4 (3.1%)	2 (6.3%)	1 (2.0%)	6 (2.2%)	0.5
gestational_hypertension	30 (6.3%)	8 (6.2%)	0 (0%)	3 (6.0%)	19 (7.1%)	0.5
proteinuria	4 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (1.5%)	0.6
uterine_myoma	8 (1.7%)	4 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (1.5%)	0.6
chronic_hypertension	4 (0.8%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.7
mthfr_mutation	4 (0.8%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.7
itp	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	0.7
gastroenteritis	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	0.7
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	5 (1.0%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	3 (1.1%)	0.7
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.1%)	0.7
apla_syndrome_clinic	5 (1.0%)	2 (1.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.1%)	0.9
symphisiolysis	9 (1.9%)	3 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	6 (2.2%)	0.9
ibd	6 (1.3%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	5 (1.9%)	0.9
asthma	11 (2.3%)	3 (2.3%)	1 (3.1%)	1 (2.0%)	6 (2.2%)	>0.9
mitral_insufficiency	4 (0.8%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.1%)	>0.9
bicornuate_uterus	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	>0.9
multiple_sclerosis	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	>0.9
lopus	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	>0.9
familial_mediterranean_fever	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	>0.9
syphilis	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
rheumatoid_arthritis	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
protein_s_deficiency	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
genital_herpes	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
factor2_mutation	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
diabetes_mellitus	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
diabetes_type1	4 (3.5%)	0 (0%)	2 (50%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	0.016
septated_uterus	2 (1.8%)	1 (4.3%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.028
pruritus	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.035
gestational_diabetes	10 (8.8%)	5 (22%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	4 (5.2%)	0.039
severe_preeclampsia	8 (7.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	7 (9.1%)	0.2
mild_preeclampsia	6 (5.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	5 (6.5%)	0.3
anemia	26 (23%)	8 (35%)	1 (25%)	3 (30%)	14 (18%)	0.3
uterine_myoma	3 (2.6%)	2 (8.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	0.3
q_fever	1 (0.9%)	1 (4.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.3
Unknown	2	2	0	0	0
cervical_incompetence	25 (22%)	5 (22%)	0 (0%)	4 (40%)	16 (21%)	0.4
premature_uterine_contractions	38 (33%)	6 (26%)	2 (50%)	5 (50%)	25 (32%)	0.5
diabetes_type2	2 (1.8%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	0.5
bicornuate_uterus	2 (1.8%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	0.5
chronic_hypertension	3 (2.6%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	0.7
symphisiolysis	3 (2.6%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	0.7
obesity	4 (3.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (5.2%)	0.7
syphilis	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
proteinuria	3 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.9%)	>0.9
low_plt	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
multiple_sclerosis	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	>0.9
mthfr_mutation	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	>0.9
mitral_valve_prolapse	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
mitral_insufficiency	4 (3.5%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.9%)	>0.9
lopus	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	>0.9
itp	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
ibd	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	>0.9
gestational_hypertension	11 (9.6%)	2 (8.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	8 (10%)	>0.9
flow_problems	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
familial_mediterranean_fever	2 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.6%)	>0.9
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
apla_syndrome_clinic	4 (3.5%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (3.9%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
pyelonephritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_s_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
lopus_antibodies	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
genital_herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
gastroenteritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
epilepsy	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dvt	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
diabetes_mellitus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
asthma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
obesity	8 (2.2%)	4 (3.7%)	2 (7.1%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)	0.032
pruritus	11 (3.0%)	4 (3.7%)	0 (0%)	4 (9.8%)	3 (1.6%)	0.052
mitral_valve_prolapse	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.076
diabetes_type2	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.080
severe_preeclampsia	10 (2.7%)	7 (6.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)	0.089
mthfr_mutation	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	0 (0%)	0.15
premature_uterine_contractions	8 (2.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	7 (3.7%)	0.15
gestational_diabetes	43 (12%)	8 (7.4%)	6 (21%)	4 (9.8%)	25 (13%)	0.2
chronic_hypertension	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	0 (0%)	0.2
anemia	65 (18%)	21 (19%)	7 (25%)	9 (22%)	28 (15%)	0.3
flow_problems	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)	0.4
low_plt	4 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	3 (1.6%)	0.4
septated_uterus	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
lopus_antibodies	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
itp	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
factor5_leiden_homozygous	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
epilepsy	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
dvt	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
apla_syndrome_clinic	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
pyelonephritis	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)	0.5
diabetes_type1	4 (1.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (2.1%)	0.5
gestational_hypertension	19 (5.2%)	6 (5.6%)	0 (0%)	3 (7.3%)	10 (5.2%)	0.6
factor5_leiden_heterozygous	4 (1.1%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	2 (1.0%)	0.7
mild_preeclampsia	7 (1.9%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	5 (2.6%)	0.7
factor2_mutation_heterozygous	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)	0.8
uterine_myoma	5 (1.4%)	2 (1.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)	>0.9
symphisiolysis	6 (1.6%)	2 (1.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (2.1%)	>0.9
rheumatoid_arthritis	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
proteinuria	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
protein_s_deficiency	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
ibd	4 (1.1%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)	>0.9
genital_herpes	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
gastroenteritis	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
factor2_mutation	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
diabetes_mellitus	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
cervical_incompetence	5 (1.4%)	2 (1.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.6%)	>0.9
bicornuate_uterus	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
asthma	11 (3.0%)	3 (2.8%)	1 (3.6%)	1 (2.4%)	6 (3.1%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
viral_hepatitis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
varicella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
thyroid_dysfunction	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
tb	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
syphilis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
superimposed_preeclampsia	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
subacute_thyroiditis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rubella	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
reversed_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
protein_c_deficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
prolactinoma	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
parvo_virus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
other_valvular_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nephrolithiasis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
multiple_sclerosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
mitral_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
lopus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
liver_disorder	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
intra_uterine_device	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
hit	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
herpes	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
female_pelvic_inflammatory_dis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
familial_mediterranean_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor5_leiden	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
factor2_mutation_homozygous	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
didelphi_uterus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cytomegalovirus	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cva	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
celiac	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_replacement	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_valve_disease	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_stenosis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
aortic_insufficiency	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
absent_diastolic_flow	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
q_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	11	3	1	0	7
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

maternal perinatal labs

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.005
Negative	272 (96%)	85 (90%)	16 (100%)	32 (100%)	139 (99%)
Positive	10 (3.5%)	9 (9.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.7%)
Unknown	198	36	16	18	128
platelets_104	208 (64)	209 (60)	237 (112)	224 (61)	201 (58)	0.007
Unknown	32	11	3	1	17
vaginal_culture						0.008
Negative	273 (90%)	64 (81%)	16 (89%)	25 (86%)	168 (94%)
Positive	31 (10%)	15 (19%)	2 (11%)	4 (14%)	10 (5.6%)
Unknown	176	51	14	21	90
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.2
Negative	265 (96%)	87 (93%)	17 (100%)	28 (93%)	133 (98%)
Positive	12 (4.3%)	7 (7.4%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.7%)	3 (2.2%)
Unknown	203	36	15	20	132
rectal_culture						0.4
Negative	255 (90%)	66 (88%)	16 (89%)	24 (86%)	149 (93%)
Positive	27 (9.6%)	9 (12%)	2 (11%)	4 (14%)	12 (7.5%)
Unknown	198	55	14	22	107
percent_bands_108	5.1 (3.3)	4.9 (3.4)	4.5 (0.7)	3.2 (2.5)	5.4 (3.5)	0.6
Unknown	413	112	30	45	226
hgb_105	12.02 (1.18)	12.03 (1.11)	11.87 (1.22)	11.87 (1.38)	12.06 (1.17)	0.6
Unknown	29	10	3	1	15
nrbc_abs_107	0.003 (0.006)	0.002 (0.004)	0.004 (0.005)	0.004 (0.005)	0.003 (0.007)	0.8
Unknown	387	101	27	45	214
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.8
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	31 (46%)	5 (31%)	2 (50%)	4 (57%)	20 (49%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	4 (5.9%)	1 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (7.3%)
כ-50,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (1.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	5 (7.4%)	2 (13%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	2 (4.9%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	5 (7.4%)	2 (13%)	0 (0%)	1 (14%)	2 (4.9%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	14 (21%)	2 (13%)	1 (25%)	2 (29%)	9 (22%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	7 (10%)	3 (19%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (9.8%)
קוקים גרם חיוביים-הגדרה ורגישות תשלח בהתאם	1 (1.5%)	1 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	412	114	28	43	227
rh						0.8
neg	41 (8.5%)	9 (6.9%)	2 (6.3%)	5 (10%)	25 (9.3%)
pos	439 (91%)	121 (93%)	30 (94%)	45 (90%)	243 (91%)
wbc_106	14.4 (4.5)	14.6 (5.1)	14.6 (4.5)	14.5 (4.0)	14.3 (4.3)	0.9
Unknown	29	10	3	1	15
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
abo
A	184 (38%)	46 (35%)	14 (44%)	22 (44%)	102 (38%)
AB	41 (8.5%)	10 (7.7%)	3 (9.4%)	5 (10%)	23 (8.6%)
B	83 (17%)	25 (19%)	2 (6.3%)	7 (14%)	49 (18%)
O	172 (36%)	49 (38%)	13 (41%)	16 (32%)	94 (35%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
platelets_104	229 (83)	231 (61)	453 (241)	251 (64)	216 (69)	<0.001
Unknown	7	3	1	0	3
vaginal_culture						0.11
Negative	68 (86%)	11 (85%)	2 (100%)	4 (57%)	51 (89%)
Positive	11 (14%)	2 (15%)	0 (0%)	3 (43%)	6 (11%)
Unknown	35	10	2	3	20
rectal_culture						0.3
Negative	65 (83%)	12 (86%)	2 (100%)	4 (57%)	47 (85%)
Positive	13 (17%)	2 (14%)	0 (0%)	3 (43%)	8 (15%)
Unknown	36	9	2	3	22
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.4
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	24 (47%)	3 (30%)	1 (50%)	3 (43%)	17 (53%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (3.9%)	1 (10%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)
כ-50,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (2.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	3 (5.9%)	1 (10%)	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	3 (5.9%)	1 (10%)	0 (0%)	1 (14%)	1 (3.1%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	13 (25%)	2 (20%)	0 (0%)	2 (29%)	9 (28%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	4 (7.8%)	2 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (6.3%)
תרבית חיובית	1 (2.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (14%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	63	13	2	3	45
abo						0.4
A	40 (35%)	9 (39%)	0 (0%)	4 (40%)	27 (35%)
AB	9 (7.9%)	2 (8.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	6 (7.8%)
B	32 (28%)	6 (26%)	0 (0%)	4 (40%)	22 (29%)
O	33 (29%)	6 (26%)	4 (100%)	1 (10%)	22 (29%)
wbc_106	14.8 (4.4)	14.3 (4.1)	18.4 (6.4)	14.0 (2.9)	14.8 (4.6)	0.5
Unknown	6	3	1	0	2
nrbc_abs_107	0.004 (0.009)	0.001 (0.004)	0.000 (NA)	0.000 (0.000)	0.005 (0.011)	0.6
Unknown	81	16	3	7	55
percent_bands_108						0.7
1	3 (12%)	1 (13%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	1 (6.3%)
2	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	2 (13%)
3	8 (31%)	2 (25%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	5 (31%)
4	4 (15%)	1 (13%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	3 (19%)
5	1 (3.8%)	1 (13%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
6	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	2 (13%)
7	2 (7.7%)	2 (25%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
10	3 (12%)	1 (13%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	2 (13%)
15	1 (3.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	1 (6.3%)
Unknown	88	15	4	8	61
hgb_105	11.41 (1.36)	11.27 (1.11)	11.17 (1.50)	11.22 (1.34)	11.49 (1.43)	0.9
Unknown	6	3	1	0	2
rh						>0.9
neg	11 (9.6%)	2 (8.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	8 (10%)
pos	103 (90%)	21 (91%)	4 (100%)	9 (90%)	69 (90%)
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery						>0.9
Negative	43 (98%)	13 (100%)	1 (100%)	4 (100%)	25 (96%)
Positive	1 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.8%)
Unknown	70	10	3	6	51
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery
Negative	44 (100%)	13 (100%)	1 (100%)	4 (100%)	26 (100%)
Unknown	70	10	3	6	51
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
vaginal_culture						<0.001
Negative	205 (91%)	53 (80%)	14 (88%)	21 (91%)	117 (98%)
Positive	20 (8.9%)	13 (20%)	2 (13%)	2 (8.7%)	3 (2.5%)
Unknown	143	42	12	18	71
aerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.005
Negative	231 (96%)	72 (89%)	15 (100%)	30 (100%)	114 (99%)
Positive	10 (4.1%)	9 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.9%)
Unknown	127	27	13	11	76
platelets_104	200 (56)	204 (58)	212 (56)	215 (59)	193 (53)	0.058
Unknown	24	8	2	1	13
rectal_culture						0.065
Negative	190 (93%)	54 (89%)	14 (88%)	20 (91%)	102 (97%)
Positive	14 (6.9%)	7 (11%)	2 (13%)	2 (9.1%)	3 (2.9%)
Unknown	164	47	12	19	86
anaerobic_blood_culture_24h_after_delivery						0.10
Negative	225 (95%)	74 (91%)	16 (100%)	26 (93%)	109 (98%)
Positive	11 (4.7%)	7 (8.6%)	0 (0%)	2 (7.1%)	2 (1.8%)
Unknown	132	27	12	13	80
nrbc_abs_107	0.002 (0.004)	0.002 (0.004)	0.005 (0.006)	0.005 (0.007)	0.001 (0.003)	0.2
Unknown	307	86	24	39	158
hgb_105	12.20 (1.05)	12.17 (1.06)	11.95 (1.19)	12.02 (1.34)	12.30 (0.95)	0.2
Unknown	22	7	2	1	12
rh						0.5
neg	31 (8.4%)	7 (6.5%)	2 (7.1%)	6 (15%)	16 (8.4%)
pos	337 (92%)	101 (94%)	26 (93%)	35 (85%)	175 (92%)
wbc_106	14.3 (4.5)	14.7 (5.2)	14.1 (4.2)	14.5 (4.2)	14.1 (4.1)	0.7
Unknown	22	7	2	1	12
percent_bands_108	5.3 (3.3)	4.8 (3.7)	4.5 (0.7)	4.0 (3.0)	5.7 (3.4)	0.8
Unknown	327	97	26	38	166
urine_culture_24h_after_delivery						>0.9
(תרבית שלילית (ללא צמיחה או צמיחה דלה	7 (39%)	2 (29%)	1 (50%)	1 (100%)	3 (38%)
יותר מ-100,000 מושבות לסמ''ק	1 (5.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
מתגים גרם שליליים הגדרה ורגישות-תשלח בהקדם	3 (17%)	2 (29%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
פחות מ-100 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (11%)	1 (14%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
פחות מ-1000 מושבות לסמ''ק	2 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
צמיחה מעורבת נא לחזור על הבדיקה	2 (11%)	1 (14%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (13%)
קוקים גרם חיוביים-הגדרה ורגישות תשלח בהתאם	1 (5.6%)	1 (14%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Unknown	350	101	26	40	183
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
abo
A	145 (39%)	37 (34%)	14 (50%)	18 (44%)	76 (40%)
AB	31 (8.4%)	8 (7.4%)	3 (11%)	4 (9.8%)	16 (8.4%)
B	52 (14%)	19 (18%)	2 (7.1%)	3 (7.3%)	28 (15%)
O	140 (38%)	44 (41%)	9 (32%)	16 (39%)	71 (37%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

Antibiotics during admission (>48 hrs before delivery)

Delivery details

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.97 (0.92)	38.35 (0.89)	38.10 (0.92)	38.04 (0.89)	37.75 (0.87)	<0.001
Unknown	11	0	1	1	9
delivery_type						<0.001
caesarean	250 (52%)	55 (42%)	14 (44%)	14 (28%)	167 (62%)
vaginal	230 (48%)	75 (58%)	18 (56%)	36 (72%)	101 (38%)
gbs_final_status						0.006
0	166 (35%)	46 (35%)	13 (41%)	18 (36%)	89 (33%)
1	229 (48%)	47 (36%)	14 (44%)	24 (48%)	144 (54%)
2	85 (18%)	37 (28%)	5 (16%)	8 (16%)	35 (13%)
anaesthesia						0.017
general	50 (11%)	8 (6.5%)	3 (10%)	1 (2.1%)	38 (15%)
spinal/epidural	412 (89%)	115 (93%)	27 (90%)	46 (98%)	224 (85%)
Unknown	18	7	2	3	6
infant_position						0.033
אחר	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	1 (0.4%)
עכוז	35 (7.4%)	7 (5.5%)	1 (3.2%)	0 (0%)	27 (10%)
ראש	436 (92%)	121 (95%)	30 (97%)	49 (98%)	236 (89%)
Unknown	7	2	1	0	4
rom_hours	37 (87)	29 (46)	29 (42)	23 (33)	45 (111)	0.2
Unknown	64	12	1	8	43
infant_number_in_gestation						0.7
1	477 (99%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	265 (99%)
2	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.1%)
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
delivery_type						0.009
caesarean	70 (61%)	12 (52%)	2 (50%)	2 (20%)	54 (70%)
vaginal	44 (39%)	11 (48%)	2 (50%)	8 (80%)	23 (30%)
infant_position						0.043
אחר	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	0 (0%)
עכוז	37 (33%)	8 (35%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	28 (37%)
ראש	74 (66%)	15 (65%)	3 (75%)	9 (90%)	47 (63%)
Unknown	2	0	0	0	2
maternal_max_fever	37.30 (0.87)	37.72 (1.04)	37.45 (1.14)	37.17 (0.70)	37.16 (0.78)	0.059
Unknown	8	0	0	1	7
gbs_final_status						0.10
0	38 (33%)	10 (43%)	2 (50%)	3 (30%)	23 (30%)
1	56 (49%)	6 (26%)	2 (50%)	4 (40%)	44 (57%)
2	20 (18%)	7 (30%)	0 (0%)	3 (30%)	10 (13%)
anaesthesia						0.11
general	36 (33%)	6 (29%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	29 (39%)
spinal/epidural	72 (67%)	15 (71%)	3 (75%)	8 (100%)	46 (61%)
Unknown	6	2	0	2	2
rom_hours	130 (181)	101 (96)	95 (98)	73 (69)	150 (214)	0.6
Unknown	41	7	0	4	30
infant_number_in_gestation						0.7
1	107 (94%)	22 (96%)	4 (100%)	9 (90%)	72 (94%)
2	7 (6.1%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	5 (6.5%)
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	38.47 (0.81)	38.20 (0.87)	38.27 (0.78)	37.99 (0.78)	<0.001
Unknown	3	0	1	0	2
delivery_type						<0.001
caesarean	180 (49%)	44 (41%)	12 (43%)	12 (29%)	112 (59%)
vaginal	188 (51%)	64 (59%)	16 (57%)	29 (71%)	79 (41%)
anaesthesia						0.3
general	10 (2.8%)	2 (1.9%)	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	6 (3.2%)
spinal/epidural	345 (97%)	101 (98%)	24 (92%)	39 (100%)	181 (97%)
Unknown	13	5	2	2	4
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (12)	19 (14)	14 (8)	18 (13)	0.4
Unknown	22	6	1	3	12
infant_number_in_gestation						>0.9
1	367 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	190 (99%)
2	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
infant_position
ראש	363 (100%)	106 (100%)	27 (100%)	41 (100%)	189 (100%)
Unknown	5	2	1	0	2
gbs_final_status
0	131 (36%)	37 (34%)	11 (39%)	16 (39%)	67 (35%)
1	173 (47%)	41 (38%)	12 (43%)	20 (49%)	100 (52%)
2	64 (17%)	30 (28%)	5 (18%)	5 (12%)	24 (13%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA

Susceptiblity

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.97 (0.92)	38.35 (0.89)	38.10 (0.92)	38.04 (0.89)	37.75 (0.87)	<0.001
Unknown	11	0	1	1	9
delivery_type						<0.001
caesarean	250 (52%)	55 (42%)	14 (44%)	14 (28%)	167 (62%)
vaginal	230 (48%)	75 (58%)	18 (56%)	36 (72%)	101 (38%)
gbs_final_status						0.006
0	166 (35%)	46 (35%)	13 (41%)	18 (36%)	89 (33%)
1	229 (48%)	47 (36%)	14 (44%)	24 (48%)	144 (54%)
2	85 (18%)	37 (28%)	5 (16%)	8 (16%)	35 (13%)
anaesthesia						0.017
general	50 (11%)	8 (6.5%)	3 (10%)	1 (2.1%)	38 (15%)
spinal/epidural	412 (89%)	115 (93%)	27 (90%)	46 (98%)	224 (85%)
Unknown	18	7	2	3	6
infant_position						0.033
אחר	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.0%)	1 (0.4%)
עכוז	35 (7.4%)	7 (5.5%)	1 (3.2%)	0 (0%)	27 (10%)
ראש	436 (92%)	121 (95%)	30 (97%)	49 (98%)	236 (89%)
Unknown	7	2	1	0	4
rom_hours	37 (87)	29 (46)	29 (42)	23 (33)	45 (111)	0.2
Unknown	64	12	1	8	43
infant_number_in_gestation						0.7
1	477 (99%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	265 (99%)
2	3 (0.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (1.1%)
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
delivery_type						0.009
caesarean	70 (61%)	12 (52%)	2 (50%)	2 (20%)	54 (70%)
vaginal	44 (39%)	11 (48%)	2 (50%)	8 (80%)	23 (30%)
infant_position						0.043
אחר	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	0 (0%)
עכוז	37 (33%)	8 (35%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	28 (37%)
ראש	74 (66%)	15 (65%)	3 (75%)	9 (90%)	47 (63%)
Unknown	2	0	0	0	2
maternal_max_fever	37.30 (0.87)	37.72 (1.04)	37.45 (1.14)	37.17 (0.70)	37.16 (0.78)	0.059
Unknown	8	0	0	1	7
gbs_final_status						0.10
0	38 (33%)	10 (43%)	2 (50%)	3 (30%)	23 (30%)
1	56 (49%)	6 (26%)	2 (50%)	4 (40%)	44 (57%)
2	20 (18%)	7 (30%)	0 (0%)	3 (30%)	10 (13%)
anaesthesia						0.11
general	36 (33%)	6 (29%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	29 (39%)
spinal/epidural	72 (67%)	15 (71%)	3 (75%)	8 (100%)	46 (61%)
Unknown	6	2	0	2	2
rom_hours	130 (181)	101 (96)	95 (98)	73 (69)	150 (214)	0.6
Unknown	41	7	0	4	30
infant_number_in_gestation						0.7
1	107 (94%)	22 (96%)	4 (100%)	9 (90%)	72 (94%)
2	7 (6.1%)	1 (4.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (10%)	5 (6.5%)
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	38.47 (0.81)	38.20 (0.87)	38.27 (0.78)	37.99 (0.78)	<0.001
Unknown	3	0	1	0	2
delivery_type						<0.001
caesarean	180 (49%)	44 (41%)	12 (43%)	12 (29%)	112 (59%)
vaginal	188 (51%)	64 (59%)	16 (57%)	29 (71%)	79 (41%)
anaesthesia						0.3
general	10 (2.8%)	2 (1.9%)	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	6 (3.2%)
spinal/epidural	345 (97%)	101 (98%)	24 (92%)	39 (100%)	181 (97%)
Unknown	13	5	2	2	4
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (12)	19 (14)	14 (8)	18 (13)	0.4
Unknown	22	6	1	3	12
infant_number_in_gestation						>0.9
1	367 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	190 (99%)
2	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
infant_position
ראש	363 (100%)	106 (100%)	27 (100%)	41 (100%)	189 (100%)
Unknown	5	2	1	0	2
gbs_final_status
0	131 (36%)	37 (34%)	11 (39%)	16 (39%)	67 (35%)
1	173 (47%)	41 (38%)	12 (43%)	20 (49%)	100 (52%)
2	64 (17%)	30 (28%)	5 (18%)	5 (12%)	24 (13%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA

Infant labor results

maternal labor complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 480¹	M+F+, N = 130¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 50¹	M-F-, N = 268¹	p-value²
post_partum_fever	3 (0.6%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.050
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.6%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.050
sepsis	5 (1.0%)	3 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.5
cervical_tear	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.4%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	480 (100%)	130 (100%)	32 (100%)	50 (100%)	268 (100%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 114¹	M+F+, N = 23¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 10¹	M-F-, N = 77¹	p-value²
sepsis	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.3%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	114 (100%)	23 (100%)	4 (100%)	10 (100%)	77 (100%)
post_partum_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cervical_tear	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 368¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 41¹	M-F-, N = 191¹	p-value²
post_partum_fever	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.085
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.085
sepsis	4 (1.1%)	3 (2.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.3
cervical_tear	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	368 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (100%)	191 (100%)
precipitate_labor	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

newborn

Delivery details

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
weight_grams	2,885 (929)	3,098 (836)	3,182 (645)	2,888 (933)	2,753 (973)	<0.001
gestational_age_weeks_days	37.5 (4.5)	38.4 (3.9)	38.8 (2.9)	37.6 (4.6)	36.8 (4.8)	0.002
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.8 (38.1)	12.8 (68.8)	0.9 (1.2)	3.8 (10.7)	3.2 (13.4)	0.14
Unknown	101	19	3	11	68
size_for_gestational_age						0.2
AGA	436 (86%)	115 (86%)	26 (81%)	51 (94%)	244 (85%)
LGA	26 (5.1%)	10 (7.5%)	2 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	14 (4.9%)
SGA	44 (8.7%)	8 (6.0%)	4 (13%)	3 (5.6%)	29 (10%)
sex						0.3
זכר	267 (53%)	62 (47%)	16 (50%)	33 (61%)	156 (54%)
נקבה	239 (47%)	71 (53%)	16 (50%)	21 (39%)	131 (46%)
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
size_for_gestational_age						0.062
AGA	118 (88%)	20 (80%)	3 (75%)	12 (100%)	83 (89%)
LGA	7 (5.2%)	4 (16%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.2%)
SGA	9 (6.7%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	8 (8.6%)
weight_grams	1,604 (671)	1,791 (875)	2,103 (564)	1,365 (543)	1,564 (614)	0.11
sex						0.3
זכר	72 (54%)	9 (36%)	2 (50%)	7 (58%)	54 (58%)
נקבה	62 (46%)	16 (64%)	2 (50%)	5 (42%)	39 (42%)
gestational_age_weeks_days	30.8 (3.7)	31.4 (3.9)	32.7 (3.8)	29.8 (3.6)	30.7 (3.6)	0.5
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	8 (25)	12 (17)	4 (3)	0 (1)	8 (28)	>0.9
Unknown	90	16	2	10	62
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.5 (39.4)	12.8 (71.6)	0.7 (0.8)	3.9 (10.9)	2.5 (8.7)	0.2
Unknown	11	3	1	1	6
gestational_age_weeks_days	39.86 (1.15)	40.06 (1.17)	39.72 (1.21)	39.85 (1.10)	39.76 (1.14)	0.2
size_for_gestational_age						0.5
AGA	318 (85%)	95 (88%)	23 (82%)	39 (93%)	161 (83%)
LGA	19 (5.1%)	6 (5.6%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	12 (6.2%)
SGA	35 (9.4%)	7 (6.5%)	4 (14%)	3 (7.1%)	21 (11%)
weight_grams	3,346 (456)	3,401 (445)	3,337 (495)	3,323 (416)	3,323 (465)	0.5
sex						0.6
זכר	195 (52%)	53 (49%)	14 (50%)	26 (62%)	102 (53%)
נקבה	177 (48%)	55 (51%)	14 (50%)	16 (38%)	92 (47%)
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Pearson’s Chi-squared test; One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

CBC

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	37.94 (0.92)	38.32 (0.90)	38.10 (0.92)	38.04 (0.87)	37.73 (0.87)	<0.001
Unknown	11	0	1	1	9
delivery_type						<0.001
caesarean	268 (53%)	57 (43%)	14 (44%)	17 (31%)	180 (63%)
vaginal	238 (47%)	76 (57%)	18 (56%)	37 (69%)	107 (37%)
i_t_ratio	0.06 (0.11)	0.10 (0.15)	0.05 (0.09)	0.05 (0.09)	0.05 (0.09)	<0.001
weight_grams	2,885 (929)	3,098 (836)	3,182 (645)	2,888 (933)	2,753 (973)	<0.001
cord_pH	7.24 (0.11)	7.21 (0.11)	7.21 (0.12)	7.26 (0.10)	7.25 (0.10)	0.002
Unknown	86	12	7	14	53
gestational_age_weeks_days	37.5 (4.5)	38.4 (3.9)	38.8 (2.9)	37.6 (4.6)	36.8 (4.8)	0.002
gbs_final_status						0.003
0	177 (35%)	49 (37%)	13 (41%)	20 (37%)	95 (33%)
1	241 (48%)	47 (35%)	14 (44%)	24 (44%)	156 (54%)
2	88 (17%)	37 (28%)	5 (16%)	10 (19%)	36 (13%)
vaginal_culture						0.003
Negative	285 (89%)	64 (81%)	16 (89%)	25 (81%)	180 (94%)
Positive	34 (11%)	15 (19%)	2 (11%)	6 (19%)	11 (5.8%)
Unknown	187	54	14	23	96
anaesthesia						0.013
general	57 (12%)	8 (6.3%)	3 (10%)	2 (4.1%)	44 (16%)
spinal/epidural	429 (88%)	118 (94%)	27 (90%)	47 (96%)	237 (84%)
Unknown	20	7	2	5	6
infant_position						0.032
אחר	2 (0.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.9%)	1 (0.4%)
עכוז	44 (8.8%)	8 (6.1%)	1 (3.2%)	1 (1.9%)	34 (12%)
ראש	452 (91%)	123 (94%)	30 (97%)	52 (96%)	247 (88%)
Unknown	8	2	1	0	5
abs_neutrophils	8.0 (5.4)	7.1 (4.1)	11.6 (6.2)	5.7 (3.3)	8.3 (5.8)	0.042
Unknown	343	90	23	40	190
post_partum_fever	3 (0.6%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.047
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.6%)	2 (1.5%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.047
percent_bands_174	8.8 (6.1)	10.3 (6.4)	7.7 (4.7)	11.1 (6.5)	7.7 (5.8)	0.047
Unknown	355	86	26	41	202
fhr_abnormalities	88 (17%)	27 (21%)	10 (31%)	6 (11%)	45 (16%)	0.064
Unknown	2	2	0	0	0
abs_bands	1.52 (1.52)	0.39 (0.60)	0.74 (NA)	0.61 (NA)	2.23 (1.56)	0.072
Unknown	486	127	31	53	275
apgar_5	8.67 (2.38)	8.43 (2.69)	9.38 (0.87)	9.19 (1.78)	8.61 (2.41)	0.076
Unknown	2	1	0	0	1
infant_number_in_gestation						0.078
1	488 (96%)	132 (99%)	32 (100%)	51 (94%)	273 (95%)
2	18 (3.6%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (5.6%)	14 (4.9%)
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	158 (31%)	52 (39%)	10 (31%)	19 (35%)	77 (27%)	0.078
percent_bands_178	8.8 (6.1)	10.4 (6.3)	8.0 (4.3)	9.7 (6.1)	7.8 (5.9)	0.095
Unknown	342	79	24	39	200
third_ab_duration_days	5.27 (2.11)	5.82 (1.60)	8.00 (NA)	2.50 (0.71)	5.11 (2.23)	0.11
Unknown	473	122	31	52	268
amoxicillin_administration_time						0.12
-41	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
-32	1 (11%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-27	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
-24.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-20	2 (22%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
-17.7	2 (22%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
-12.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
Unknown	497	132	31	53	281
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.32 (0.36)	0.22 (0.22)	0.68 (0.51)	0.31 (0.20)	0.34 (0.40)	0.12
Unknown	431	111	28	49	243
apgar_1	7.07 (2.51)	6.81 (2.67)	7.66 (1.84)	7.61 (2.06)	7.02 (2.57)	0.12
Unknown	2	1	0	0	1
wbc_171	16 (8)	15 (8)	20 (6)	18 (10)	16 (8)	0.14
Unknown	200	43	16	25	116
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.8 (38.1)	12.8 (68.8)	0.9 (1.2)	3.8 (10.7)	3.2 (13.4)	0.14
Unknown	101	19	3	11	68
rectal_culture						0.2
Negative	267 (90%)	66 (88%)	16 (89%)	24 (80%)	161 (93%)
Positive	30 (10%)	9 (12%)	2 (11%)	6 (20%)	13 (7.5%)
Unknown	209	58	14	24	113
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.18 (0.11)	-0.14 (0.10)	-0.15 (0.07)	-0.22 (0.16)	0.2
Unknown	342	107	25	41	169
rom_hours	37 (86)	29 (46)	29 (42)	22 (32)	45 (109)	0.2
Unknown	74	14	1	9	50
size_for_gestational_age						0.2
AGA	436 (86%)	115 (86%)	26 (81%)	51 (94%)	244 (85%)
LGA	26 (5.1%)	10 (7.5%)	2 (6.3%)	0 (0%)	14 (4.9%)
SGA	44 (8.7%)	8 (6.0%)	4 (13%)	3 (5.6%)	29 (10%)
ampicillin_administration_time	-11 (12)	-8 (10)	-13 (13)	-10 (12)	-11 (12)	0.2
Unknown	161	42	14	21	84
percent_immature_granulocytes	1.98 (1.61)	1.45 (1.13)	2.90 (1.72)	2.48 (1.86)	2.11 (1.74)	0.2
Unknown	431	111	28	49	243
resuscitation_of_newborn	142 (28%)	34 (26%)	7 (22%)	11 (20%)	90 (31%)	0.2
sex						0.3
זכר	267 (53%)	62 (47%)	16 (50%)	33 (61%)	156 (54%)
נקבה	239 (47%)	71 (53%)	16 (50%)	21 (39%)	131 (46%)
percent_neutrophils	48 (17)	47 (17)	51 (17)	52 (15)	48 (17)	0.3
Unknown	196	41	15	25	115
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.99 (3.29)	-1.11 (3.18)	-0.27 (0.89)	-1.50 (4.43)	-0.92 (3.26)	0.4
nrbc_abs_175	1.14 (2.53)	0.46 (0.47)	0.48 (0.35)	1.50 (1.92)	1.49 (3.17)	0.4
Unknown	423	109	28	48	238
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery						0.4
-14	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.3%)
-7	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (3.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.3%)
0	502 (99%)	132 (99%)	31 (97%)	54 (100%)	285 (99%)
nrbc_abs_107						0.4
0	80 (79%)	25 (83%)	3 (60%)	4 (57%)	48 (81%)
0.01	19 (19%)	5 (17%)	2 (40%)	3 (43%)	9 (15%)
0.0299999999999999	1 (1.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.7%)
0.04	1 (1.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.7%)
Unknown	405	103	27	47	228
sepsis	5 (1.0%)	3 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	0.5
percent_bands_108	5.1 (3.3)	4.9 (3.2)	4.5 (0.7)	3.2 (2.5)	5.4 (3.4)	0.5
Unknown	436	113	30	49	244
percent_myelocytes						0.6
0	2 (5.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (11%)
1	16 (42%)	4 (36%)	4 (80%)	0 (0%)	8 (42%)
2	10 (26%)	4 (36%)	1 (20%)	1 (33%)	4 (21%)
3	2 (5.3%)	1 (9.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)
4	3 (7.9%)	2 (18%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)
5	1 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)
6	2 (5.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	1 (5.3%)
9	1 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)
10	1 (2.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)
Unknown	468	122	27	51	268
hgb_172	16.56 (2.17)	16.74 (2.13)	16.88 (2.41)	16.19 (2.46)	16.50 (2.12)	0.6
Unknown	200	43	16	25	116
abs_myelocytes	0.81 (1.39)	0.15 (0.09)	0.12 (NA)	0.36 (NA)	1.24 (1.69)	0.6
Unknown	491	129	31	53	278
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	3.00 (NA)	5.00 (NA)	NA (NA)	5.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	502	132	31	54	285
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.83 (3.11)	-0.90 (3.05)	-0.41 (1.72)	-0.52 (1.85)	-0.90 (3.43)	0.7
delivery_date	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-23 19:45:00	2016-02-04 01:35:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2016-03-22 16:47:00 to 2021-10-05 08:06:00	2015-12-18 02:31:00 to 2021-12-14 03:05:00	0.8
second_ab_duration_days	5.06 (3.83)	4.81 (2.43)	4.50 (2.12)	3.60 (2.07)	5.48 (4.70)	0.8
Unknown	454	117	30	49	258
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.8 (6.0)	-4.2 (6.2)	-2.4 (1.7)	-3.3 (3.8)	-3.8 (6.4)	0.8
Unknown	280	52	20	35	173
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-0.62 (2.66)	-0.63 (2.28)	-0.28 (1.59)	-0.44 (1.66)	-0.68 (3.05)	0.8
Unknown	1	0	0	0	1
platelets_173	243 (65)	241 (60)	251 (52)	251 (64)	242 (69)	0.8
Unknown	200	43	16	25	116
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.9 (8.2)	-5.3 (8.3)	-3.5 (6.1)	-5.2 (8.9)	-4.8 (8.2)	0.9
Unknown	246	48	15	29	154
wbc_106	14.4 (4.5)	14.7 (5.0)	14.6 (4.5)	14.2 (3.9)	14.3 (4.3)	>0.9
Unknown	33	10	3	1	19
first_ab_duration_days	5.22 (3.77)	5.36 (3.42)	5.33 (1.15)	5.83 (2.14)	5.00 (4.41)	>0.9
Unknown	443	111	29	48	255
cervical_tear	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.3%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.3%)	>0.9
roxithromycin_administration_time						>0.9
-43.2997222222222	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)
-37.1663888888888	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)
-13	1 (33%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	503	132	32	52	287
ceftriaxone_administration_time						>0.9
-30	1 (50%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
-24.5	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	504	132	32	54	286
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	506	133	32	54	287
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	506	133	32	54	287
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
eos_antibiotics
0	125 (25%)	29 (22%)	9 (28%)	17 (31%)	70 (24%)
1	91 (18%)	24 (18%)	5 (16%)	10 (19%)	52 (18%)
2	191 (38%)	44 (33%)	13 (41%)	17 (31%)	117 (41%)
3	38 (7.5%)	10 (7.5%)	4 (13%)	5 (9.3%)	19 (6.6%)
4	61 (12%)	26 (20%)	1 (3.1%)	5 (9.3%)	29 (10%)
status_at_birth
חי	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	506	133	32	54	287
percent_promyelocytes
2	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	505	133	32	54	286
abs_promyelocytes
0.12	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	505	133	32	54	286
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
i_t_ratio	0.09 (0.12)	0.17 (0.17)	0.07 (0.08)	0.08 (0.10)	0.07 (0.10)	0.006
maternal_max_fever	37.25 (0.84)	37.70 (1.01)	37.45 (1.14)	37.15 (0.63)	37.12 (0.75)	0.019
Unknown	8	0	0	1	7
gbs_final_status						0.024
0	45 (34%)	12 (48%)	2 (50%)	4 (33%)	27 (29%)
1	66 (49%)	6 (24%)	2 (50%)	4 (33%)	54 (58%)
2	23 (17%)	7 (28%)	0 (0%)	4 (33%)	12 (13%)
delivery_type						0.027
caesarean	85 (63%)	13 (52%)	2 (50%)	4 (33%)	66 (71%)
vaginal	49 (37%)	12 (48%)	2 (50%)	8 (67%)	27 (29%)
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-3.6 (5.6)	-5.4 (5.5)	-1.6 (2.0)	-6.8 (7.5)	-2.8 (5.2)	0.034
cord_pH	7.29 (0.09)	7.31 (0.07)	7.23 (0.12)	7.36 (0.05)	7.28 (0.10)	0.034
Unknown	25	2	0	3	20
size_for_gestational_age						0.062
AGA	118 (88%)	20 (80%)	3 (75%)	12 (100%)	83 (89%)
LGA	7 (5.2%)	4 (16%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.2%)
SGA	9 (6.7%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	8 (8.6%)
third_ab_duration_days	5.27 (2.11)	5.82 (1.60)	8.00 (NA)	2.50 (0.71)	5.11 (2.23)	0.11
Unknown	101	14	3	10	74
fhr_abnormalities	25 (19%)	4 (17%)	2 (50%)	0 (0%)	19 (20%)	0.11
Unknown	1	1	0	0	0
weight_grams	1,604 (671)	1,791 (875)	2,103 (564)	1,365 (543)	1,564 (614)	0.11
amoxicillin_administration_time						0.12
-41	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
-32	1 (11%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-27	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)
-24.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-20	2 (22%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
-17.7	2 (22%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
-12.5	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
Unknown	125	24	3	11	87
vaginal_culture						0.13
Negative	78 (86%)	11 (85%)	2 (100%)	4 (57%)	61 (88%)
Positive	13 (14%)	2 (15%)	0 (0%)	3 (43%)	8 (12%)
Unknown	43	12	2	5	24
apgar_5	7.2 (3.6)	6.0 (4.7)	8.8 (1.3)	8.6 (1.8)	7.3 (3.4)	0.2
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery						0.2
-14	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
-7	3 (2.2%)	1 (4.0%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
0	130 (97%)	24 (96%)	3 (75%)	12 (100%)	91 (98%)
percent_immature_granulocytes	2.25 (2.20)	1.07 (0.57)	NA (NA)	5.60 (NA)	2.25 (2.23)	0.2
Unknown	108	22	4	11	71
infant_position						0.2
אחר	2 (1.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	1 (1.1%)
עכוז	44 (33%)	8 (32%)	1 (25%)	1 (8.3%)	34 (37%)
ראש	86 (65%)	17 (68%)	3 (75%)	10 (83%)	56 (62%)
Unknown	2	0	0	0	2
sex						0.3
זכר	72 (54%)	9 (36%)	2 (50%)	7 (58%)	54 (58%)
נקבה	62 (46%)	16 (64%)	2 (50%)	5 (42%)	39 (42%)
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	3 (2.2%)	2 (8.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)	0.3
resuscitation_of_newborn	71 (53%)	10 (40%)	1 (25%)	6 (50%)	54 (58%)	0.3
rectal_culture						0.3
Negative	75 (83%)	12 (86%)	2 (100%)	4 (57%)	57 (85%)
Positive	15 (17%)	2 (14%)	0 (0%)	3 (43%)	10 (15%)
Unknown	44	11	2	5	26
anaesthesia						0.4
general	47 (37%)	6 (26%)	1 (25%)	2 (20%)	38 (42%)
spinal/epidural	81 (63%)	17 (74%)	3 (75%)	8 (80%)	53 (58%)
Unknown	6	2	0	2	2
wbc_106	14.7 (4.4)	14.3 (4.0)	18.4 (6.4)	13.6 (2.8)	14.9 (4.7)	0.4
Unknown	10	3	1	0	6
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-3.1 (5.4)	-4.8 (5.6)	-3.3 (4.3)	-2.3 (3.4)	-2.8 (5.6)	0.4
percent_bands_174	6.2 (4.7)	7.3 (5.4)	5.0 (NA)	8.8 (6.8)	5.5 (4.1)	0.4
Unknown	76	10	3	8	55
apgar_1	5.99 (3.01)	5.80 (3.72)	7.25 (2.06)	7.17 (1.99)	5.84 (2.94)	0.4
percent_bands_108						0.4
1	3 (10%)	1 (11%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	1 (5.6%)
2	2 (6.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	2 (11%)
3	8 (28%)	2 (22%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	5 (28%)
4	5 (17%)	2 (22%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	3 (17%)
5	1 (3.4%)	1 (11%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
6	4 (14%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	4 (22%)
7	2 (6.9%)	2 (22%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
10	3 (10%)	1 (11%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	2 (11%)
15	1 (3.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.6%)
Unknown	105	16	4	10	75
gestational_age_weeks_days	30.8 (3.7)	31.4 (3.9)	32.7 (3.8)	29.8 (3.6)	30.7 (3.6)	0.5
clindamycin_administration_time	-10 (15)	-7 (12)	-26 (NA)	-16 (22)	-10 (15)	0.5
Unknown	93	12	3	9	69
infant_number_in_gestation						0.5
1	119 (89%)	24 (96%)	4 (100%)	10 (83%)	81 (87%)
2	15 (11%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	12 (13%)
hgb_172	16.18 (2.25)	16.31 (2.49)	17.97 (2.34)	16.06 (2.51)	16.09 (2.16)	0.6
Unknown	13	3	1	0	9
percent_bands_178	6.7 (5.2)	7.7 (5.7)	5.5 (0.7)	8.6 (5.9)	6.1 (5.0)	0.6
Unknown	69	6	2	7	54
wbc_171	13 (7)	13 (7)	19 (6)	13 (9)	13 (7)	0.6
Unknown	13	3	1	0	9
fourth_ab_duration_days	4.50 (1.29)	3.00 (NA)	5.00 (NA)	NA (NA)	5.00 (1.41)	0.6
Unknown	130	24	3	12	91
percent_neutrophils	40 (16)	41 (19)	37 (12)	45 (12)	39 (16)	0.6
Unknown	9	1	0	0	8
percent_myelocytes						0.7
0	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
1	4 (29%)	2 (40%)	1 (100%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
2	4 (29%)	2 (40%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
3	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (50%)	0 (0%)
4	1 (7.1%)	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
6	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (50%)	0 (0%)
9	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
10	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (17%)
Unknown	120	20	3	10	87
eos_antibiotics						0.7
0	36 (27%)	5 (20%)	1 (25%)	2 (17%)	28 (30%)
1	15 (11%)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	12 (13%)
2	66 (49%)	12 (48%)	3 (75%)	9 (75%)	42 (45%)
3	4 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (4.3%)
4	13 (9.7%)	5 (20%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	7 (7.5%)
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.31 (0.47)	0.12 (0.12)	NA (NA)	0.57 (NA)	0.32 (0.51)	0.7
Unknown	108	22	4	11	71
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	-2.4 (4.8)	-3.4 (4.4)	-2.3 (4.5)	-2.0 (3.1)	-2.1 (5.1)	0.7
Unknown	1	0	0	0	1
rom_hours	120 (173)	95 (96)	95 (98)	73 (69)	135 (202)	0.7
Unknown	52	8	0	6	38
ampicillin_administration_time	-17 (16)	-16 (18)	-26 (NA)	-22 (17)	-16 (16)	0.7
Unknown	51	10	3	3	35
nrbc_abs_175	2.05 (3.71)	0.88 (0.49)	NA (NA)	2.33 (3.04)	2.25 (4.11)	0.8
Unknown	101	20	4	10	67
abs_neutrophils	5.4 (5.3)	4.3 (3.5)	6.3 (NA)	3.8 (2.1)	5.7 (5.9)	0.8
Unknown	68	17	3	5	43
second_ab_duration_days	5.06 (3.83)	4.81 (2.43)	4.50 (2.12)	3.60 (2.07)	5.48 (4.70)	0.8
Unknown	82	9	2	7	64
delivery_date	2015-12-21 08:37:00 to 2021-12-12 20:26:00	2016-06-30 13:40:00 to 2021-12-12 20:26:00	2017-12-15 10:17:00 to 2021-10-08 01:21:00	2016-03-23 17:20:00 to 2021-09-01 10:45:00	2015-12-21 08:37:00 to 2021-12-09 19:09:00	0.8
first_ab_duration_days	5.38 (3.85)	5.94 (3.46)	5.00 (1.41)	5.83 (2.14)	5.00 (4.41)	0.9
Unknown	76	7	2	6	61
nrbc_abs_107						0.9
0	30 (75%)	7 (88%)	1 (100%)	3 (60%)	19 (73%)
0.01	8 (20%)	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	2 (40%)	5 (19%)
0.0299999999999999	1 (2.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.8%)
0.04	1 (2.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.8%)
Unknown	94	17	3	7	67
gentamicin_administration_time	-7 (12)	-7 (12)	NA (NA)	-3 (2)	-7 (12)	>0.9
Unknown	99	13	4	10	72
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	8 (25)	12 (17)	4 (3)	0 (1)	8 (28)	>0.9
Unknown	90	16	2	10	62
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.14)	-0.16 (0.07)	-0.18 (NA)	-0.17 (0.04)	-0.20 (0.15)	>0.9
Unknown	76	20	3	8	45
platelets_173	241 (69)	246 (57)	231 (91)	238 (58)	240 (74)	>0.9
Unknown	13	3	1	0	9
sepsis	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)	>0.9
precipitate_labor	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)	>0.9
abs_bands						>0.9
0.04	1 (13%)	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
0.0599999999999999	1 (13%)	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
0.13	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (20%)
0.17	1 (13%)	1 (33%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
0.34	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (20%)
0.489999999999999	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (20%)
2.64	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (20%)
3.96	1 (13%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (20%)
Unknown	126	22	4	12	88
roxithromycin_administration_time						>0.9
-43.2997222222222	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)
-37.1663888888888	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)
-13	1 (33%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	131	24	4	10	93
ceftriaxone_administration_time						>0.9
-30	1 (50%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
-24.5	1 (50%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	132	24	4	12	92
abs_myelocytes						>0.9
0.04	1 (20%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
0.27	1 (20%)	1 (50%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
0.38	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
3.95	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
4.4	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (33%)
Unknown	129	23	4	12	90
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
status_at_birth
חי	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
post_partum_fever	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
cervical_tear	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
percent_promyelocytes	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
abs_promyelocytes	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
maternal_max_fever	38.18 (0.82)	38.47 (0.81)	38.20 (0.87)	38.27 (0.77)	38.00 (0.78)	<0.001
Unknown	3	0	1	0	2
vaginal_culture						<0.001
Negative	207 (91%)	53 (80%)	14 (88%)	21 (88%)	119 (98%)
Positive	21 (9.2%)	13 (20%)	2 (13%)	3 (13%)	3 (2.5%)
Unknown	144	42	12	18	72
delivery_type						0.001
caesarean	183 (49%)	44 (41%)	12 (43%)	13 (31%)	114 (59%)
vaginal	189 (51%)	64 (59%)	16 (57%)	29 (69%)	80 (41%)
abs_neutrophils	9.7 (4.6)	7.7 (4.0)	12.2 (6.2)	7.6 (3.3)	11.1 (4.3)	0.002
Unknown	275	73	20	35	147
cord_pH	7.22 (0.11)	7.19 (0.11)	7.21 (0.13)	7.23 (0.09)	7.24 (0.10)	0.002
Unknown	61	10	7	11	33
wbc_171	19 (7)	16 (8)	20 (6)	21 (9)	20 (6)	0.004
Unknown	187	40	15	25	107
percent_neutrophils	54 (15)	49 (16)	56 (16)	58 (14)	57 (13)	0.006
Unknown	187	40	15	25	107
i_t_ratio	0.06 (0.11)	0.08 (0.14)	0.04 (0.09)	0.04 (0.08)	0.04 (0.09)	0.007
abs_immature_granulocytes	0.33 (0.29)	0.23 (0.23)	0.68 (0.51)	0.25 (0.17)	0.36 (0.27)	0.033
Unknown	323	89	24	38	172
rectal_culture						0.033
Negative	192 (93%)	54 (89%)	14 (88%)	20 (87%)	104 (97%)
Positive	15 (7.2%)	7 (11%)	2 (13%)	3 (13%)	3 (2.8%)
Unknown	165	47	12	19	87
ampicillin_administration_time	-8 (9)	-7 (7)	-13 (13)	-6 (6)	-9 (9)	0.037
Unknown	110	32	11	18	49
first_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery						0.060
-4	2 (0.5%)	2 (1.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-2.5	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-2.41666666666667	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
-2.13193287037037	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
0	367 (99%)	104 (96%)	27 (96%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
post_partum_fever	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.065
post_partum_antibiotic_for_endometritis	3 (0.8%)	2 (1.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.065
fhr_abnormalities	63 (17%)	23 (21%)	8 (29%)	6 (14%)	26 (13%)	0.10
Unknown	1	1	0	0	0
abs_bands	1.88 (1.49)	0.69 (0.80)	0.74 (NA)	0.61 (NA)	2.74 (1.34)	0.11
Unknown	360	105	27	41	187
nrbc_abs_107						0.13
0	50 (82%)	18 (82%)	2 (50%)	1 (50%)	29 (88%)
0.01	11 (18%)	4 (18%)	2 (50%)	1 (50%)	4 (12%)
Unknown	311	86	24	40	161
apgar_1	7.46 (2.18)	7.05 (2.32)	7.71 (1.84)	7.74 (2.08)	7.59 (2.15)	0.13
Unknown	2	1	0	0	1
cefazolin_administration_time	-0.20 (0.15)	-0.18 (0.12)	-0.13 (0.10)	-0.14 (0.09)	-0.23 (0.17)	0.15
Unknown	266	87	22	33	124
eosc_score_risk_per_1000_births	5.5 (39.4)	12.8 (71.6)	0.7 (0.8)	3.9 (10.9)	2.5 (8.7)	0.2
Unknown	11	3	1	1	6
gestational_age_weeks_days	39.86 (1.15)	40.06 (1.17)	39.72 (1.21)	39.85 (1.10)	39.76 (1.14)	0.2
percent_immature_granulocytes	1.84 (1.19)	1.52 (1.19)	2.90 (1.72)	1.70 (0.75)	1.96 (1.10)	0.2
Unknown	323	89	24	38	172
first_ab_duration_days	3.40 (2.07)	2.75 (1.71)	6.00 (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	0.2
Unknown	367	104	27	42	194
clindamycin_administration_time	-4.1 (5.8)	-5.1 (7.5)	-2.1 (2.0)	-3.6 (4.6)	-3.7 (5.1)	0.2
Unknown	153	36	12	20	85
percent_bands_178	10.2 (6.2)	11.9 (6.3)	8.8 (4.8)	10.2 (6.5)	9.3 (6.2)	0.3
Unknown	273	73	22	32	146
percent_bands_174	10.4 (6.4)	11.7 (6.4)	8.2 (5.0)	12.1 (6.5)	9.4 (6.4)	0.3
Unknown	279	76	23	33	147
anaesthesia						0.3
general	10 (2.8%)	2 (1.9%)	2 (7.7%)	0 (0%)	6 (3.2%)
spinal/epidural	348 (97%)	101 (98%)	24 (92%)	39 (100%)	184 (97%)
Unknown	14	5	2	3	4
sepsis	4 (1.1%)	3 (2.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	0.3
infant_number_in_gestation						0.4
1	369 (99%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	41 (98%)	192 (99%)
2	3 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	2 (1.0%)
size_for_gestational_age						0.5
AGA	318 (85%)	95 (88%)	23 (82%)	39 (93%)	161 (83%)
LGA	19 (5.1%)	6 (5.6%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	12 (6.2%)
SGA	35 (9.4%)	7 (6.5%)	4 (14%)	3 (7.1%)	21 (11%)
rom_hours	17 (12)	18 (12)	19 (14)	15 (8)	18 (13)	0.5
Unknown	22	6	1	3	12
nrbc_abs_175	0.54 (0.90)	0.35 (0.41)	0.48 (0.35)	1.09 (1.55)	0.62 (1.11)	0.5
Unknown	322	89	24	38	171
resuscitation_of_newborn	71 (19%)	24 (22%)	6 (21%)	5 (12%)	36 (19%)	0.5
weight_grams	3,346 (456)	3,401 (445)	3,337 (495)	3,323 (416)	3,323 (465)	0.5
platelets_173	244 (62)	239 (61)	256 (43)	261 (68)	243 (65)	0.5
Unknown	187	40	15	25	107
meconium_stained_amniotic_fluid	155 (42%)	50 (46%)	10 (36%)	19 (45%)	76 (39%)	0.6
sex						0.6
זכר	195 (52%)	53 (49%)	14 (50%)	26 (62%)	102 (53%)
נקבה	177 (48%)	55 (51%)	14 (50%)	16 (38%)	92 (47%)
abs_myelocytes	0.32 (0.26)	0.14 (0.01)	0.12 (NA)	0.36 (NA)	0.40 (0.31)	0.6
Unknown	362	106	27	41	188
gentamicin_administration_time	-3.3 (4.1)	-3.7 (4.5)	-2.4 (1.7)	-3.3 (3.9)	-3.1 (4.1)	0.7
Unknown	181	39	16	25	101
wbc_106	14.3 (4.5)	14.7 (5.2)	14.1 (4.2)	14.4 (4.2)	14.1 (4.1)	0.7
Unknown	23	7	2	1	13
hgb_172	16.81 (2.08)	16.88 (2.00)	16.62 (2.45)	16.29 (2.50)	16.89 (2.02)	0.7
Unknown	187	40	15	25	107
percent_bands_108	5.3 (3.3)	4.8 (3.7)	4.5 (0.7)	4.0 (3.0)	5.7 (3.4)	0.8
Unknown	331	97	26	39	169
delivery_date	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2015-12-15 14:39:00 to 2021-12-23 19:45:00	2016-02-04 01:35:00 to 2021-12-29 08:50:00	2016-03-22 16:47:00 to 2021-10-05 08:06:00	2015-12-18 02:31:00 to 2021-12-14 03:05:00	0.8
percent_myelocytes						0.9
0	1 (4.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (7.7%)
1	12 (50%)	2 (33%)	3 (75%)	0 (0%)	7 (54%)
2	6 (25%)	2 (33%)	1 (25%)	1 (100%)	2 (15%)
3	1 (4.2%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
4	2 (8.3%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (7.7%)
5	1 (4.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (7.7%)
6	1 (4.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (7.7%)
Unknown	348	102	24	41	181
cervical_tear	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)	>0.9
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
sixth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
sixth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fifth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
fifth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
fourth_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
fourth_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
third_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
third_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
second_ab_duration_days	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
second_ab_start_date_days_before_delivery	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
infant_position
ראש	366 (100%)	106 (100%)	27 (100%)	42 (100%)	191 (100%)
Unknown	6	2	1	0	3
gbs_final_status
0	132 (35%)	37 (34%)	11 (39%)	16 (38%)	68 (35%)
1	175 (47%)	41 (38%)	12 (43%)	20 (48%)	102 (53%)
2	65 (17%)	30 (28%)	5 (18%)	6 (14%)	24 (12%)
iufd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
roxithromycin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
ceftriaxone_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
amoxicillin_administration_time	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
eos_antibiotics
0	89 (24%)	24 (22%)	8 (29%)	15 (36%)	42 (22%)
1	76 (20%)	21 (19%)	5 (18%)	10 (24%)	40 (21%)
2	125 (34%)	32 (30%)	10 (36%)	8 (19%)	75 (39%)
3	34 (9.1%)	10 (9.3%)	4 (14%)	5 (12%)	15 (7.7%)
4	48 (13%)	21 (19%)	1 (3.6%)	4 (9.5%)	22 (11%)
status_at_birth
חי	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
apgar_5
-1	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)
2	1 (0.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
4	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
5	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.0%)
6	5 (1.4%)	4 (3.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
7	19 (5.1%)	5 (4.7%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	13 (6.7%)
8	39 (11%)	15 (14%)	2 (7.1%)	4 (9.5%)	18 (9.3%)
9	87 (24%)	30 (28%)	8 (29%)	8 (19%)	41 (21%)
10	213 (58%)	51 (48%)	17 (61%)	29 (69%)	116 (60%)
Unknown	2	1	0	0	1
precipitate_labor	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
dic	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
metamyelocytes	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)
Unknown	372	108	28	42	194
percent_promyelocytes
2	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	371	108	28	42	193
abs_promyelocytes
0.12	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	371	108	28	42	193
¹ n (%); Mean (SD); Range
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

CRP

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	3.0 (5.4)	6.0 (7.9)	0.7 (1.0)	1.6 (1.9)	1.5 (2.7)	<0.001
Unknown	246	45	20	27	154
crp_max_in_24h	2.4 (3.7)	4.0 (4.6)	0.4 (0.7)	1.4 (1.5)	1.4 (2.7)	0.001
Unknown	395	89	28	40	238
crp_last_in_7_days	1.27 (2.57)	2.13 (3.48)	0.53 (0.67)	0.90 (1.08)	0.83 (1.96)	0.001
Unknown	250	45	20	27	158
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	1.62 (3.72)	3.95 (6.47)	0.41 (0.29)	0.98 (1.32)	1.11 (2.57)	0.009
Unknown	16	2	0	1	13
crp_max_in_24h	1.80 (3.46)	3.52 (5.89)	NA (NA)	1.31 (1.57)	1.35 (2.66)	0.3
Unknown	96	17	4	5	70
crp_last_in_7_days	0.62 (1.81)	0.84 (1.00)	0.35 (0.30)	0.72 (1.26)	0.55 (2.09)	>0.9
Unknown	20	2	0	1	17
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
crp_max_in_7_days	4.1 (6.3)	6.7 (8.2)	0.9 (1.2)	2.0 (2.2)	2.0 (2.8)	<0.001
Unknown	230	43	20	26	141
crp_max_in_24h	2.7 (3.8)	4.2 (4.3)	0.4 (0.7)	1.5 (1.5)	1.4 (2.9)	0.011
Unknown	299	72	24	35	168
crp_last_in_7_days	1.79 (2.95)	2.59 (3.92)	0.62 (0.80)	1.02 (0.96)	1.23 (1.70)	0.028
Unknown	230	43	20	26	141
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA

LP and Blood Cx

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
lp_culture	26 (5.1%)	18 (14%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.9%)	7 (2.4%)	<0.001
blood_cx						<0.001
0	189 (37%)	30 (23%)	17 (53%)	25 (46%)	117 (41%)
1	314 (62%)	102 (77%)	15 (47%)	29 (54%)	168 (59%)
2	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)
lp_wbc	85 (348)	21 (35)	NA (NA)	11 (6)	217 (605)	0.4
Unknown	482	119	32	52	279
lp_glu	53 (13)	53 (10)	NA (NA)	47 (0)	54 (19)	0.8
Unknown	482	119	32	52	279
lp_protein	96 (61)	96 (73)	NA (NA)	89 (13)	98 (46)	>0.9
Unknown	482	119	32	52	279
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	504	132	32	54	286
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
lp_culture	6 (4.5%)	2 (8.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (4.3%)	0.8
blood_cx						>0.9
0	16 (12%)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	11 (12%)
1	117 (87%)	22 (88%)	4 (100%)	10 (83%)	81 (87%)
2	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
lp_protein						>0.9
112.8	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
135.74	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
137.78	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
160.5	1 (20%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
161.349999999999	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
Unknown	129	24	4	12	89
lp_glu						>0.9
32.6	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
46.7	1 (20%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
60.2	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
67	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
92.2	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
Unknown	129	24	4	12	89
lp_wbc						>0.9
0	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
2	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
3	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
9	1 (20%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	0 (0%)
1714	1 (20%)	0 (0%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (25%)
Unknown	129	24	4	12	89
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)	NA (NA)
Unknown	134	25	4	12	93
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
blood_cx						<0.001
0	173 (47%)	27 (25%)	17 (61%)	23 (55%)	106 (55%)
1	197 (53%)	80 (74%)	11 (39%)	19 (45%)	87 (45%)
2	2 (0.5%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.5%)
lp_culture	20 (5.4%)	16 (15%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	3 (1.5%)	<0.001
lp_glu	51 (10)	54 (11)	NA (NA)	47 (0)	45 (4)	0.2
Unknown	353	95	28	40	190
lp_wbc	17 (31)	21 (36)	NA (NA)	11 (6)	5 (4)	0.6
Unknown	353	95	28	40	190
lp_protein	84 (62)	91 (74)	NA (NA)	89 (13)	59 (24)	0.7
Unknown	353	95	28	40	190
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
blood_cx_susceptibility_to_empiric_treatment	2 (100%)	1 (100%)	0 (NA%)	0 (NA%)	1 (100%)
Unknown	370	107	28	42	193
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² Fisher’s exact test; One-way ANOVA

Hospitalization of Newborn

Ventilation

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
peripheral_iv	197 (39%)	69 (52%)	8 (25%)	20 (37%)	100 (35%)	0.003
uvc	71 (14%)	13 (9.8%)	1 (3.1%)	7 (13%)	50 (17%)	0.046
nicu_stay_length_days	13 (28)	10 (25)	3 (9)	14 (30)	15 (29)	0.051
Unknown	1	1	0	0	0
noninvasive_ventilation	98 (19%)	25 (19%)	1 (3.1%)	9 (17%)	63 (22%)	0.075
tpn	107 (21%)	26 (20%)	3 (9.4%)	10 (19%)	68 (24%)	0.2
nursery_stay_length_days	3.04 (2.61)	3.11 (3.30)	3.84 (1.80)	3.09 (2.27)	2.90 (2.36)	0.3
uac	48 (9.5%)	10 (7.5%)	1 (3.1%)	5 (9.3%)	32 (11%)	0.5
invasive_ventilation	48 (9.5%)	13 (9.8%)	1 (3.1%)	3 (5.6%)	31 (11%)	0.5
picc_line	21 (4.2%)	5 (3.8%)	0 (0%)	2 (3.7%)	14 (4.9%)	0.8
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
antibiotic_treatment_duration
0	266 (54%)	61 (47%)	20 (65%)	31 (61%)	154 (55%)
1	106 (22%)	22 (17%)	7 (23%)	9 (18%)	68 (24%)
2	105 (21%)	37 (28%)	3 (9.7%)	10 (20%)	55 (20%)
3	15 (3.0%)	11 (8.4%)	1 (3.2%)	1 (2.0%)	2 (0.7%)
Unknown	14	2	1	3	8
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
antibiotic_treatment_duration						0.088
0	16 (13%)	4 (17%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	12 (14%)
1	62 (50%)	12 (50%)	3 (75%)	5 (56%)	42 (49%)
2	40 (33%)	5 (21%)	0 (0%)	4 (44%)	31 (36%)
3	5 (4.1%)	3 (13%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.2%)
Unknown	11	1	0	3	7
peripheral_iv	93 (69%)	19 (76%)	3 (75%)	11 (92%)	60 (65%)	0.2
nicu_stay_length_days	45 (38)	41 (46)	23 (16)	56 (43)	46 (36)	0.4
nursery_stay_length_days						0.5
0	118 (88%)	20 (80%)	4 (100%)	10 (83%)	84 (90%)
1	5 (3.7%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	3 (3.2%)
2	3 (2.2%)	2 (8.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
4	3 (2.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	1 (1.1%)
5	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
6	1 (0.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.1%)
7	3 (2.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.2%)
invasive_ventilation	41 (31%)	10 (40%)	1 (25%)	2 (17%)	28 (30%)	0.6
noninvasive_ventilation	76 (57%)	13 (52%)	1 (25%)	7 (58%)	55 (59%)	0.6
uvc	60 (45%)	9 (36%)	1 (25%)	5 (42%)	45 (48%)	0.6
tpn	90 (67%)	16 (64%)	3 (75%)	10 (83%)	61 (66%)	0.7
picc_line	21 (16%)	5 (20%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	14 (15%)	0.9
uac	45 (34%)	9 (36%)	1 (25%)	4 (33%)	31 (33%)	>0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
peripheral_iv	104 (28%)	50 (46%)	5 (18%)	9 (21%)	40 (21%)	<0.001
nicu_stay_length_days	1.61 (3.67)	2.97 (4.48)	0.41 (0.97)	1.84 (4.92)	0.97 (2.81)	<0.001
Unknown	1	1	0	0	0
tpn	17 (4.6%)	10 (9.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	7 (3.6%)	0.040
noninvasive_ventilation	22 (5.9%)	12 (11%)	0 (0%)	2 (4.8%)	8 (4.1%)	0.057
nursery_stay_length_days	3.98 (2.28)	3.69 (3.33)	4.39 (1.10)	3.86 (1.89)	4.12 (1.67)	0.3
uac	3 (0.8%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)	0.5
uvc	11 (3.0%)	4 (3.7%)	0 (0%)	2 (4.8%)	5 (2.6%)	0.7
invasive_ventilation	7 (1.9%)	3 (2.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	3 (1.5%)	0.8
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
antibiotic_treatment_duration
0	250 (68%)	57 (53%)	20 (74%)	31 (74%)	142 (74%)
1	44 (12%)	10 (9.3%)	4 (15%)	4 (9.5%)	26 (13%)
2	65 (18%)	32 (30%)	3 (11%)	6 (14%)	24 (12%)
3	10 (2.7%)	8 (7.5%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)
Unknown	3	1	1	0	1
picc_line	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%); Mean (SD)
² One-way ANOVA; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

Newborn complications

all cohort
Characteristic	Overall, N = 506¹	M+F+, N = 133¹	M+F-, N = 32¹	M-F+, N = 54¹	M-F-, N = 287¹	p-value²
rds	73 (14%)	11 (8.3%)	1 (3.1%)	7 (13%)	54 (19%)	0.006
sepsis_2	23 (4.5%)	12 (9.0%)	0 (0%)	2 (3.7%)	9 (3.1%)	0.047
anemia_2	52 (10%)	8 (6.0%)	1 (3.1%)	7 (13%)	36 (13%)	0.091
phototherapy	107 (21%)	19 (14%)	5 (16%)	13 (24%)	70 (24%)	0.093
jaundice	212 (42%)	44 (33%)	14 (44%)	26 (48%)	128 (45%)	0.11
ivh	15 (3.0%)	2 (1.5%)	2 (6.3%)	3 (5.6%)	8 (2.8%)	0.2
bpd	33 (6.5%)	6 (4.5%)	0 (0%)	4 (7.4%)	23 (8.0%)	0.3
pda	37 (7.3%)	6 (4.5%)	1 (3.1%)	3 (5.6%)	27 (9.4%)	0.3
pulmonary_hypertension	10 (2.0%)	4 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	2 (3.7%)	4 (1.4%)	0.4
nec	7 (1.4%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.9%)	5 (1.7%)	0.8
rop	14 (2.8%)	4 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	2 (3.7%)	8 (2.8%)	0.9
pvl	3 (0.6%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (0.7%)	>0.9
birth_term
all cohort	506 (100%)	133 (100%)	32 (100%)	54 (100%)	287 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

preterm
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
ivh	15 (11%)	2 (8.0%)	2 (50%)	3 (25%)	8 (8.6%)	0.033
rds	72 (54%)	10 (40%)	1 (25%)	7 (58%)	54 (58%)	0.3
rop	14 (10%)	4 (16%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	8 (8.6%)	0.5
pulmonary_hypertension	4 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	3 (3.2%)	0.5
sepsis_2	12 (9.0%)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	7 (7.5%)	0.5
pvl	3 (2.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.2%)	0.7
bpd	33 (25%)	6 (24%)	0 (0%)	4 (33%)	23 (25%)	0.7
jaundice	101 (75%)	18 (72%)	4 (100%)	10 (83%)	69 (74%)	0.8
pda	33 (25%)	5 (20%)	0 (0%)	3 (25%)	25 (27%)	0.8
phototherapy	80 (60%)	15 (60%)	3 (75%)	6 (50%)	56 (60%)	0.9
nec	7 (5.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	5 (5.4%)	0.9
anemia_2	50 (37%)	8 (32%)	1 (25%)	5 (42%)	36 (39%)	0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test

term
Characteristic	Overall, N = 372¹	M+F+, N = 108¹	M+F-, N = 28¹	M-F+, N = 42¹	M-F-, N = 194¹	p-value²
sepsis_2	11 (3.0%)	9 (8.3%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.0%)	0.005
anemia_2	2 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (4.8%)	0 (0%)	0.018
phototherapy	27 (7.3%)	4 (3.7%)	2 (7.1%)	7 (17%)	14 (7.2%)	0.064
pulmonary_hypertension	6 (1.6%)	4 (3.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.4%)	1 (0.5%)	0.13
jaundice	111 (30%)	26 (24%)	10 (36%)	16 (38%)	59 (30%)	0.3
rds	1 (0.3%)	1 (0.9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.5
pda	4 (1.1%)	1 (0.9%)	1 (3.6%)	0 (0%)	2 (1.0%)	0.5
birth_term
term	372 (100%)	108 (100%)	28 (100%)	42 (100%)	194 (100%)
pvl	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
rop	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
bpd	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
nec	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
ivh	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test

Preterm complications

Preterm complications
Characteristic	Overall, N = 134¹	M+F+, N = 25¹	M+F-, N = 4¹	M-F+, N = 12¹	M-F-, N = 93¹	p-value²
ivh	15 (11%)	2 (8.0%)	2 (50%)	3 (25%)	8 (8.6%)	0.033
rds	72 (54%)	10 (40%)	1 (25%)	7 (58%)	54 (58%)	0.3
rop	14 (10%)	4 (16%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	8 (8.6%)	0.5
pulmonary_hypertension	4 (3.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	3 (3.2%)	0.5
sepsis_2	12 (9.0%)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)	2 (17%)	7 (7.5%)	0.5
pvl	3 (2.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (2.2%)	0.7
bpd	33 (25%)	6 (24%)	0 (0%)	4 (33%)	23 (25%)	0.7
jaundice	101 (75%)	18 (72%)	4 (100%)	10 (83%)	69 (74%)	0.8
pda	33 (25%)	5 (20%)	0 (0%)	3 (25%)	25 (27%)	0.8
phototherapy	80 (60%)	15 (60%)	3 (75%)	6 (50%)	56 (60%)	0.9
nec	7 (5.2%)	1 (4.0%)	0 (0%)	1 (8.3%)	5 (5.4%)	0.9
anemia_2	50 (37%)	8 (32%)	1 (25%)	5 (42%)	36 (39%)	0.9
birth_term
preterm	134 (100%)	25 (100%)	4 (100%)	12 (100%)	93 (100%)
¹ n (%)
² Fisher’s exact test