repdata2
Kent Mok
August 19, 2015
Weather Events in the United States
Synopsis
This analysis reviews storm data provided by the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) storm database. The database tracks characteristics of major storms and weather events in the United States, including when and where they occur, as well as estimates of any fatalities, injuries, and property damage. Using the data, this analysis determines which type of events are the most harmful to people by looking at fatalities and injuries related to the events. In addition, the analysis determines which type of events have the greatest economic consequences.
Data Processing
# Load data
library(RCurl)## Loading required package: bitopsif (!exists("rawdata")) { # Checks if data has been populated
url <- "https://d396qusza40orc.cloudfront.net/repdata%2Fdata%2FStormData.csv.bz2"
setInternet2(use = TRUE)
download.file(url, "repdata-data-StormData.csv")
rawdata <- read.csv("repdata-data-StormData.csv")
}The data is quite messy as can be seen by looking at unique values of EVTYPE in the data. The data needs to be cleaned to match the standard Storm Data Event values set forth by the NWS.
levels(rawdata$EVTYPE)## [1] " HIGH SURF ADVISORY" " COASTAL FLOOD"
## [3] " FLASH FLOOD" " LIGHTNING"
## [5] " TSTM WIND" " TSTM WIND (G45)"
## [7] " WATERSPOUT" " WIND"
## [9] "?" "ABNORMAL WARMTH"
## [11] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "ABNORMALLY WET"
## [13] "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL" "AGRICULTURAL FREEZE"
## [15] "APACHE COUNTY" "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE"
## [17] "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE" "AVALANCE"
## [19] "AVALANCHE" "BEACH EROSIN"
## [21] "Beach Erosion" "BEACH EROSION"
## [23] "BEACH EROSION/COASTAL FLOOD" "BEACH FLOOD"
## [25] "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "BITTER WIND CHILL"
## [27] "BITTER WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES" "Black Ice"
## [29] "BLACK ICE" "BLIZZARD"
## [31] "BLIZZARD AND EXTREME WIND CHIL" "BLIZZARD AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [33] "Blizzard Summary" "BLIZZARD WEATHER"
## [35] "BLIZZARD/FREEZING RAIN" "BLIZZARD/HEAVY SNOW"
## [37] "BLIZZARD/HIGH WIND" "BLIZZARD/WINTER STORM"
## [39] "BLOW-OUT TIDE" "BLOW-OUT TIDES"
## [41] "BLOWING DUST" "blowing snow"
## [43] "Blowing Snow" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [45] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [47] "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL" "BREAKUP FLOODING"
## [49] "BRUSH FIRE" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [51] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "COASTAL EROSION"
## [53] "Coastal Flood" "COASTAL FLOOD"
## [55] "coastal flooding" "Coastal Flooding"
## [57] "COASTAL FLOODING" "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [59] "Coastal Storm" "COASTAL STORM"
## [61] "COASTAL SURGE" "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD"
## [63] "COASTALFLOOD" "COASTALSTORM"
## [65] "Cold" "COLD"
## [67] "COLD AIR FUNNEL" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [69] "COLD AIR TORNADO" "Cold and Frost"
## [71] "COLD AND FROST" "COLD AND SNOW"
## [73] "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS" "Cold Temperature"
## [75] "COLD TEMPERATURES" "COLD WAVE"
## [77] "COLD WEATHER" "COLD WIND CHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [79] "COLD/WIND CHILL" "COLD/WINDS"
## [81] "COOL AND WET" "COOL SPELL"
## [83] "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION" "DAM BREAK"
## [85] "DAM FAILURE" "Damaging Freeze"
## [87] "DAMAGING FREEZE" "DEEP HAIL"
## [89] "DENSE FOG" "DENSE SMOKE"
## [91] "DOWNBURST" "DOWNBURST WINDS"
## [93] "DRIEST MONTH" "Drifting Snow"
## [95] "DROUGHT" "DROUGHT/EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [97] "DROWNING" "DRY"
## [99] "DRY CONDITIONS" "DRY HOT WEATHER"
## [101] "DRY MICROBURST" "DRY MICROBURST 50"
## [103] "DRY MICROBURST 53" "DRY MICROBURST 58"
## [105] "DRY MICROBURST 61" "DRY MICROBURST 84"
## [107] "DRY MICROBURST WINDS" "DRY MIRCOBURST WINDS"
## [109] "DRY PATTERN" "DRY SPELL"
## [111] "DRY WEATHER" "DRYNESS"
## [113] "DUST DEVEL" "Dust Devil"
## [115] "DUST DEVIL" "DUST DEVIL WATERSPOUT"
## [117] "DUST STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [119] "DUSTSTORM" "EARLY FREEZE"
## [121] "Early Frost" "EARLY FROST"
## [123] "EARLY RAIN" "EARLY SNOW"
## [125] "Early snowfall" "EARLY SNOWFALL"
## [127] "Erosion/Cstl Flood" "EXCESSIVE"
## [129] "Excessive Cold" "EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [131] "EXCESSIVE HEAT/DROUGHT" "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION"
## [133] "EXCESSIVE RAIN" "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [135] "EXCESSIVE SNOW" "EXCESSIVE WETNESS"
## [137] "EXCESSIVELY DRY" "Extended Cold"
## [139] "Extreme Cold" "EXTREME COLD"
## [141] "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL" "EXTREME HEAT"
## [143] "EXTREME WIND CHILL" "EXTREME WIND CHILL/BLOWING SNO"
## [145] "EXTREME WIND CHILLS" "EXTREME WINDCHILL"
## [147] "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES" "EXTREME/RECORD COLD"
## [149] "EXTREMELY WET" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [151] "FIRST FROST" "FIRST SNOW"
## [153] "FLASH FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD - HEAVY RAIN"
## [155] "FLASH FLOOD FROM ICE JAMS" "FLASH FLOOD LANDSLIDES"
## [157] "FLASH FLOOD WINDS" "FLASH FLOOD/"
## [159] "FLASH FLOOD/ FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD/ STREET"
## [161] "FLASH FLOOD/FLOOD" "FLASH FLOOD/HEAVY RAIN"
## [163] "FLASH FLOOD/LANDSLIDE" "FLASH FLOODING"
## [165] "FLASH FLOODING/FLOOD" "FLASH FLOODING/THUNDERSTORM WI"
## [167] "FLASH FLOODS" "FLASH FLOOODING"
## [169] "Flood" "FLOOD"
## [171] "FLOOD & HEAVY RAIN" "FLOOD FLASH"
## [173] "FLOOD FLOOD/FLASH" "FLOOD WATCH/"
## [175] "FLOOD/FLASH" "Flood/Flash Flood"
## [177] "FLOOD/FLASH FLOOD" "FLOOD/FLASH FLOODING"
## [179] "FLOOD/FLASH/FLOOD" "FLOOD/FLASHFLOOD"
## [181] "FLOOD/RAIN/WIND" "FLOOD/RAIN/WINDS"
## [183] "FLOOD/RIVER FLOOD" "Flood/Strong Wind"
## [185] "FLOODING" "FLOODING/HEAVY RAIN"
## [187] "FLOODS" "FOG"
## [189] "FOG AND COLD TEMPERATURES" "FOREST FIRES"
## [191] "Freeze" "FREEZE"
## [193] "Freezing drizzle" "Freezing Drizzle"
## [195] "FREEZING DRIZZLE" "FREEZING DRIZZLE AND FREEZING"
## [197] "Freezing Fog" "FREEZING FOG"
## [199] "Freezing rain" "Freezing Rain"
## [201] "FREEZING RAIN" "FREEZING RAIN AND SLEET"
## [203] "FREEZING RAIN AND SNOW" "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND"
## [205] "FREEZING RAIN SLEET AND LIGHT" "FREEZING RAIN/SLEET"
## [207] "FREEZING RAIN/SNOW" "Freezing Spray"
## [209] "Frost" "FROST"
## [211] "Frost/Freeze" "FROST/FREEZE"
## [213] "FROST\\FREEZE" "FUNNEL"
## [215] "Funnel Cloud" "FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [217] "FUNNEL CLOUD." "FUNNEL CLOUD/HAIL"
## [219] "FUNNEL CLOUDS" "FUNNELS"
## [221] "Glaze" "GLAZE"
## [223] "GLAZE ICE" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [225] "gradient wind" "Gradient wind"
## [227] "GRADIENT WIND" "GRADIENT WINDS"
## [229] "GRASS FIRES" "GROUND BLIZZARD"
## [231] "GUSTNADO" "GUSTNADO AND"
## [233] "GUSTY LAKE WIND" "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [235] "GUSTY THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "Gusty Wind"
## [237] "GUSTY WIND" "GUSTY WIND/HAIL"
## [239] "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN" "Gusty wind/rain"
## [241] "Gusty winds" "Gusty Winds"
## [243] "GUSTY WINDS" "HAIL"
## [245] "HAIL 0.75" "HAIL 0.88"
## [247] "HAIL 075" "HAIL 088"
## [249] "HAIL 1.00" "HAIL 1.75"
## [251] "HAIL 1.75)" "HAIL 100"
## [253] "HAIL 125" "HAIL 150"
## [255] "HAIL 175" "HAIL 200"
## [257] "HAIL 225" "HAIL 275"
## [259] "HAIL 450" "HAIL 75"
## [261] "HAIL 80" "HAIL 88"
## [263] "HAIL ALOFT" "HAIL DAMAGE"
## [265] "HAIL FLOODING" "HAIL STORM"
## [267] "Hail(0.75)" "HAIL/ICY ROADS"
## [269] "HAIL/WIND" "HAIL/WINDS"
## [271] "HAILSTORM" "HAILSTORMS"
## [273] "HARD FREEZE" "HAZARDOUS SURF"
## [275] "HEAT" "HEAT DROUGHT"
## [277] "Heat Wave" "HEAT WAVE"
## [279] "HEAT WAVE DROUGHT" "HEAT WAVES"
## [281] "HEAT/DROUGHT" "Heatburst"
## [283] "HEAVY LAKE SNOW" "HEAVY MIX"
## [285] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "Heavy Precipitation"
## [287] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "Heavy rain"
## [289] "Heavy Rain" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [291] "HEAVY RAIN AND FLOOD" "Heavy Rain and Wind"
## [293] "HEAVY RAIN EFFECTS" "HEAVY RAIN/FLOODING"
## [295] "Heavy Rain/High Surf" "HEAVY RAIN/LIGHTNING"
## [297] "HEAVY RAIN/MUDSLIDES/FLOOD" "HEAVY RAIN/SEVERE WEATHER"
## [299] "HEAVY RAIN/SMALL STREAM URBAN" "HEAVY RAIN/SNOW"
## [301] "HEAVY RAIN/URBAN FLOOD" "HEAVY RAIN/WIND"
## [303] "HEAVY RAIN; URBAN FLOOD WINDS;" "HEAVY RAINFALL"
## [305] "HEAVY RAINS" "HEAVY RAINS/FLOODING"
## [307] "HEAVY SEAS" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [309] "HEAVY SHOWERS" "HEAVY SNOW"
## [311] "HEAVY SNOW-SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW FREEZING RAIN"
## [313] "HEAVY SNOW & ICE" "HEAVY SNOW AND"
## [315] "HEAVY SNOW AND HIGH WINDS" "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE"
## [317] "HEAVY SNOW AND ICE STORM" "HEAVY SNOW AND STRONG WINDS"
## [319] "HEAVY SNOW ANDBLOWING SNOW" "Heavy snow shower"
## [321] "HEAVY SNOW SQUALLS" "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD"
## [323] "HEAVY SNOW/BLIZZARD/AVALANCHE" "HEAVY SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [325] "HEAVY SNOW/FREEZING RAIN" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH"
## [327] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WIND" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [329] "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS & FLOOD" "HEAVY SNOW/HIGH WINDS/FREEZING"
## [331] "HEAVY SNOW/ICE" "HEAVY SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [333] "HEAVY SNOW/SLEET" "HEAVY SNOW/SQUALLS"
## [335] "HEAVY SNOW/WIND" "HEAVY SNOW/WINTER STORM"
## [337] "HEAVY SNOWPACK" "Heavy Surf"
## [339] "HEAVY SURF" "Heavy surf and wind"
## [341] "HEAVY SURF COASTAL FLOODING" "HEAVY SURF/HIGH SURF"
## [343] "HEAVY SWELLS" "HEAVY WET SNOW"
## [345] "HIGH" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [347] "HIGH WINDS" "HIGH SEAS"
## [349] "High Surf" "HIGH SURF"
## [351] "HIGH SURF ADVISORIES" "HIGH SURF ADVISORY"
## [353] "HIGH SWELLS" "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [355] "HIGH TIDES" "HIGH WATER"
## [357] "HIGH WAVES" "High Wind"
## [359] "HIGH WIND" "HIGH WIND (G40)"
## [361] "HIGH WIND 48" "HIGH WIND 63"
## [363] "HIGH WIND 70" "HIGH WIND AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [365] "HIGH WIND AND HIGH TIDES" "HIGH WIND AND SEAS"
## [367] "HIGH WIND DAMAGE" "HIGH WIND/ BLIZZARD"
## [369] "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD" "HIGH WIND/BLIZZARD/FREEZING RA"
## [371] "HIGH WIND/HEAVY SNOW" "HIGH WIND/LOW WIND CHILL"
## [373] "HIGH WIND/SEAS" "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL"
## [375] "HIGH WIND/WIND CHILL/BLIZZARD" "HIGH WINDS"
## [377] "HIGH WINDS 55" "HIGH WINDS 57"
## [379] "HIGH WINDS 58" "HIGH WINDS 63"
## [381] "HIGH WINDS 66" "HIGH WINDS 67"
## [383] "HIGH WINDS 73" "HIGH WINDS 76"
## [385] "HIGH WINDS 80" "HIGH WINDS 82"
## [387] "HIGH WINDS AND WIND CHILL" "HIGH WINDS DUST STORM"
## [389] "HIGH WINDS HEAVY RAINS" "HIGH WINDS/"
## [391] "HIGH WINDS/COASTAL FLOOD" "HIGH WINDS/COLD"
## [393] "HIGH WINDS/FLOODING" "HIGH WINDS/HEAVY RAIN"
## [395] "HIGH WINDS/SNOW" "HIGHWAY FLOODING"
## [397] "Hot and Dry" "HOT PATTERN"
## [399] "HOT SPELL" "HOT WEATHER"
## [401] "HOT/DRY PATTERN" "HURRICANE"
## [403] "HURRICANE-GENERATED SWELLS" "Hurricane Edouard"
## [405] "HURRICANE EMILY" "HURRICANE ERIN"
## [407] "HURRICANE FELIX" "HURRICANE GORDON"
## [409] "HURRICANE OPAL" "HURRICANE OPAL/HIGH WINDS"
## [411] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON" "HVY RAIN"
## [413] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "HYPOTHERMIA"
## [415] "Hypothermia/Exposure" "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [417] "ICE" "ICE AND SNOW"
## [419] "ICE FLOES" "Ice Fog"
## [421] "ICE JAM" "Ice jam flood (minor"
## [423] "ICE JAM FLOODING" "ICE ON ROAD"
## [425] "ICE PELLETS" "ICE ROADS"
## [427] "ICE STORM" "ICE STORM AND SNOW"
## [429] "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD" "Ice/Snow"
## [431] "ICE/SNOW" "ICE/STRONG WINDS"
## [433] "Icestorm/Blizzard" "Icy Roads"
## [435] "ICY ROADS" "LACK OF SNOW"
## [437] "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW" "Lake Effect Snow"
## [439] "LAKE EFFECT SNOW" "LAKE FLOOD"
## [441] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "LANDSLIDE"
## [443] "LANDSLIDE/URBAN FLOOD" "LANDSLIDES"
## [445] "Landslump" "LANDSLUMP"
## [447] "LANDSPOUT" "LARGE WALL CLOUD"
## [449] "Late-season Snowfall" "LATE FREEZE"
## [451] "LATE SEASON HAIL" "LATE SEASON SNOW"
## [453] "Late Season Snowfall" "LATE SNOW"
## [455] "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN" "Light snow"
## [457] "Light Snow" "LIGHT SNOW"
## [459] "LIGHT SNOW AND SLEET" "Light Snow/Flurries"
## [461] "LIGHT SNOW/FREEZING PRECIP" "Light Snowfall"
## [463] "LIGHTING" "LIGHTNING"
## [465] "LIGHTNING WAUSEON" "LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN"
## [467] "LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM WIN" "LIGHTNING AND WINDS"
## [469] "LIGHTNING DAMAGE" "LIGHTNING FIRE"
## [471] "LIGHTNING INJURY" "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [473] "LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WINDSS" "LIGHTNING."
## [475] "LIGHTNING/HEAVY RAIN" "LIGNTNING"
## [477] "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [479] "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN" "LOW TEMPERATURE"
## [481] "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD" "LOW WIND CHILL"
## [483] "MAJOR FLOOD" "Marine Accident"
## [485] "MARINE HAIL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [487] "MARINE MISHAP" "MARINE STRONG WIND"
## [489] "MARINE THUNDERSTORM WIND" "MARINE TSTM WIND"
## [491] "Metro Storm, May 26" "Microburst"
## [493] "MICROBURST" "MICROBURST WINDS"
## [495] "Mild and Dry Pattern" "MILD PATTERN"
## [497] "MILD/DRY PATTERN" "MINOR FLOOD"
## [499] "Minor Flooding" "MINOR FLOODING"
## [501] "MIXED PRECIP" "Mixed Precipitation"
## [503] "MIXED PRECIPITATION" "MODERATE SNOW"
## [505] "MODERATE SNOWFALL" "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION"
## [507] "Monthly Rainfall" "MONTHLY RAINFALL"
## [509] "Monthly Snowfall" "MONTHLY SNOWFALL"
## [511] "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE" "Mountain Snows"
## [513] "MUD SLIDE" "MUD SLIDES"
## [515] "MUD SLIDES URBAN FLOODING" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [517] "Mudslide" "MUDSLIDE"
## [519] "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE" "Mudslides"
## [521] "MUDSLIDES" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [523] "No Severe Weather" "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE"
## [525] "NON-TSTM WIND" "NON SEVERE HAIL"
## [527] "NON TSTM WIND" "NONE"
## [529] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "NORTHERN LIGHTS"
## [531] "Other" "OTHER"
## [533] "PATCHY DENSE FOG" "PATCHY ICE"
## [535] "Prolong Cold" "PROLONG COLD"
## [537] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "PROLONG WARMTH"
## [539] "PROLONGED RAIN" "RAIN"
## [541] "RAIN (HEAVY)" "RAIN AND WIND"
## [543] "Rain Damage" "RAIN/SNOW"
## [545] "RAIN/WIND" "RAINSTORM"
## [547] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "RECORD COLD"
## [549] "Record Cold" "RECORD COLD"
## [551] "RECORD COLD AND HIGH WIND" "RECORD COLD/FROST"
## [553] "RECORD COOL" "Record dry month"
## [555] "RECORD DRYNESS" "Record Heat"
## [557] "RECORD HEAT" "RECORD HEAT WAVE"
## [559] "Record High" "RECORD HIGH"
## [561] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES"
## [563] "RECORD LOW" "RECORD LOW RAINFALL"
## [565] "Record May Snow" "RECORD PRECIPITATION"
## [567] "RECORD RAINFALL" "RECORD SNOW"
## [569] "RECORD SNOW/COLD" "RECORD SNOWFALL"
## [571] "Record temperature" "RECORD TEMPERATURE"
## [573] "Record Temperatures" "RECORD TEMPERATURES"
## [575] "RECORD WARM" "RECORD WARM TEMPS."
## [577] "Record Warmth" "RECORD WARMTH"
## [579] "Record Winter Snow" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE HEAT"
## [581] "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "RED FLAG CRITERIA"
## [583] "RED FLAG FIRE WX" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [585] "RIP CURRENT" "RIP CURRENTS"
## [587] "RIP CURRENTS HEAVY SURF" "RIP CURRENTS/HEAVY SURF"
## [589] "RIVER AND STREAM FLOOD" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [591] "River Flooding" "RIVER FLOODING"
## [593] "ROCK SLIDE" "ROGUE WAVE"
## [595] "ROTATING WALL CLOUD" "ROUGH SEAS"
## [597] "ROUGH SURF" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [599] "Saharan Dust" "SAHARAN DUST"
## [601] "Seasonal Snowfall" "SEICHE"
## [603] "SEVERE COLD" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [605] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WINDS" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS"
## [607] "SEVERE TURBULENCE" "SLEET"
## [609] "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN" "SLEET STORM"
## [611] "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN" "SLEET/ICE STORM"
## [613] "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW" "SLEET/SNOW"
## [615] "small hail" "Small Hail"
## [617] "SMALL HAIL" "SMALL STREAM"
## [619] "SMALL STREAM AND" "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD"
## [621] "SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOODIN" "SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [623] "SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "SMALL STREAM URBAN FLOOD"
## [625] "SMALL STREAM/URBAN FLOOD" "Sml Stream Fld"
## [627] "SMOKE" "Snow"
## [629] "SNOW" "SNOW- HIGH WIND- WIND CHILL"
## [631] "Snow Accumulation" "SNOW ACCUMULATION"
## [633] "SNOW ADVISORY" "SNOW AND COLD"
## [635] "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW" "Snow and Ice"
## [637] "SNOW AND ICE" "SNOW AND ICE STORM"
## [639] "Snow and sleet" "SNOW AND SLEET"
## [641] "SNOW AND WIND" "SNOW DROUGHT"
## [643] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "SNOW SHOWERS"
## [645] "SNOW SLEET" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [647] "Snow squalls" "Snow Squalls"
## [649] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [651] "SNOW/ ICE" "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [653] "SNOW/COLD" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [655] "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [657] "SNOW/ICE" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [659] "SNOW/RAIN" "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET"
## [661] "SNOW/SLEET" "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [663] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "SNOW\\COLD"
## [665] "SNOWFALL RECORD" "SNOWMELT FLOODING"
## [667] "SNOWSTORM" "SOUTHEAST"
## [669] "STORM FORCE WINDS" "STORM SURGE"
## [671] "STORM SURGE/TIDE" "STREAM FLOODING"
## [673] "STREET FLOOD" "STREET FLOODING"
## [675] "Strong Wind" "STRONG WIND"
## [677] "STRONG WIND GUST" "Strong winds"
## [679] "Strong Winds" "STRONG WINDS"
## [681] "Summary August 10" "Summary August 11"
## [683] "Summary August 17" "Summary August 2-3"
## [685] "Summary August 21" "Summary August 28"
## [687] "Summary August 4" "Summary August 7"
## [689] "Summary August 9" "Summary Jan 17"
## [691] "Summary July 23-24" "Summary June 18-19"
## [693] "Summary June 5-6" "Summary June 6"
## [695] "Summary of April 12" "Summary of April 13"
## [697] "Summary of April 21" "Summary of April 27"
## [699] "Summary of April 3rd" "Summary of August 1"
## [701] "Summary of July 11" "Summary of July 2"
## [703] "Summary of July 22" "Summary of July 26"
## [705] "Summary of July 29" "Summary of July 3"
## [707] "Summary of June 10" "Summary of June 11"
## [709] "Summary of June 12" "Summary of June 13"
## [711] "Summary of June 15" "Summary of June 16"
## [713] "Summary of June 18" "Summary of June 23"
## [715] "Summary of June 24" "Summary of June 3"
## [717] "Summary of June 30" "Summary of June 4"
## [719] "Summary of June 6" "Summary of March 14"
## [721] "Summary of March 23" "Summary of March 24"
## [723] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 24-25" "SUMMARY OF MARCH 27"
## [725] "SUMMARY OF MARCH 29" "Summary of May 10"
## [727] "Summary of May 13" "Summary of May 14"
## [729] "Summary of May 22" "Summary of May 22 am"
## [731] "Summary of May 22 pm" "Summary of May 26 am"
## [733] "Summary of May 26 pm" "Summary of May 31 am"
## [735] "Summary of May 31 pm" "Summary of May 9-10"
## [737] "Summary Sept. 25-26" "Summary September 20"
## [739] "Summary September 23" "Summary September 3"
## [741] "Summary September 4" "Summary: Nov. 16"
## [743] "Summary: Nov. 6-7" "Summary: Oct. 20-21"
## [745] "Summary: October 31" "Summary: Sept. 18"
## [747] "Temperature record" "THUDERSTORM WINDS"
## [749] "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS" "THUNDERESTORM WINDS"
## [751] "THUNDERSNOW" "Thundersnow shower"
## [753] "THUNDERSTORM" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [755] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO"
## [757] "THUNDERSTORM HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM W INDS"
## [759] "Thunderstorm Wind" "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [761] "THUNDERSTORM WIND (G40)" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 50"
## [763] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 52" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 56"
## [765] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH"
## [767] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 59 MPH." "THUNDERSTORM WIND 60 MPH"
## [769] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65 MPH" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 65MPH"
## [771] "THUNDERSTORM WIND 69" "THUNDERSTORM WIND 98 MPH"
## [773] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G50" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G51"
## [775] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G52" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G55"
## [777] "THUNDERSTORM WIND G60" "THUNDERSTORM WIND G61"
## [779] "THUNDERSTORM WIND TREES" "THUNDERSTORM WIND."
## [781] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREE" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/ TREES"
## [783] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/AWNING" "THUNDERSTORM WIND/HAIL"
## [785] "THUNDERSTORM WIND/LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS"
## [787] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LE CEN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 13"
## [789] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 2" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 50"
## [791] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 52" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 53"
## [793] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 60" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 61"
## [795] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 62" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS 63 MPH"
## [797] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS AND" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS FUNNEL CLOU"
## [799] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS G60"
## [801] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS HEAVY RAIN"
## [803] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS LIGHTNING" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS SMALL STREA"
## [805] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS URBAN FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS."
## [807] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/ HAIL"
## [809] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLASH FLOOD" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FLOODING"
## [811] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/FUNNEL CLOU" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HAIL"
## [813] "THUNDERSTORM WINDS/HEAVY RAIN" "THUNDERSTORM WINDS53"
## [815] "THUNDERSTORM WINDSHAIL" "THUNDERSTORM WINDSS"
## [817] "THUNDERSTORM WINS" "THUNDERSTORMS"
## [819] "THUNDERSTORMS WIND" "THUNDERSTORMS WINDS"
## [821] "THUNDERSTORMW" "THUNDERSTORMW 50"
## [823] "THUNDERSTORMW WINDS" "THUNDERSTORMWINDS"
## [825] "THUNDERSTROM WIND" "THUNDERSTROM WINDS"
## [827] "THUNDERTORM WINDS" "THUNDERTSORM WIND"
## [829] "THUNDESTORM WINDS" "THUNERSTORM WINDS"
## [831] "TIDAL FLOOD" "Tidal Flooding"
## [833] "TIDAL FLOODING" "TORNADO"
## [835] "TORNADO DEBRIS" "TORNADO F0"
## [837] "TORNADO F1" "TORNADO F2"
## [839] "TORNADO F3" "TORNADO/WATERSPOUT"
## [841] "TORNADOES" "TORNADOES, TSTM WIND, HAIL"
## [843] "TORNADOS" "TORNDAO"
## [845] "TORRENTIAL RAIN" "Torrential Rainfall"
## [847] "TROPICAL DEPRESSION" "TROPICAL STORM"
## [849] "TROPICAL STORM ALBERTO" "TROPICAL STORM DEAN"
## [851] "TROPICAL STORM GORDON" "TROPICAL STORM JERRY"
## [853] "TSTM" "TSTM HEAVY RAIN"
## [855] "Tstm Wind" "TSTM WIND"
## [857] "TSTM WIND (G45)" "TSTM WIND (41)"
## [859] "TSTM WIND (G35)" "TSTM WIND (G40)"
## [861] "TSTM WIND (G45)" "TSTM WIND 40"
## [863] "TSTM WIND 45" "TSTM WIND 50"
## [865] "TSTM WIND 51" "TSTM WIND 52"
## [867] "TSTM WIND 55" "TSTM WIND 65)"
## [869] "TSTM WIND AND LIGHTNING" "TSTM WIND DAMAGE"
## [871] "TSTM WIND G45" "TSTM WIND G58"
## [873] "TSTM WIND/HAIL" "TSTM WINDS"
## [875] "TSTM WND" "TSTMW"
## [877] "TSUNAMI" "TUNDERSTORM WIND"
## [879] "TYPHOON" "Unseasonable Cold"
## [881] "UNSEASONABLY COLD" "UNSEASONABLY COOL"
## [883] "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET" "UNSEASONABLY DRY"
## [885] "UNSEASONABLY HOT" "UNSEASONABLY WARM"
## [887] "UNSEASONABLY WARM & WET" "UNSEASONABLY WARM AND DRY"
## [889] "UNSEASONABLY WARM YEAR" "UNSEASONABLY WARM/WET"
## [891] "UNSEASONABLY WET" "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP"
## [893] "UNSEASONAL RAIN" "UNUSUAL WARMTH"
## [895] "UNUSUAL/RECORD WARMTH" "UNUSUALLY COLD"
## [897] "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW" "UNUSUALLY WARM"
## [899] "URBAN AND SMALL" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM"
## [901] "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN AND SMALL STREAM FLOODIN"
## [903] "Urban flood" "Urban Flood"
## [905] "URBAN FLOOD" "URBAN FLOOD LANDSLIDE"
## [907] "Urban Flooding" "URBAN FLOODING"
## [909] "URBAN FLOODS" "URBAN SMALL"
## [911] "URBAN SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN/SMALL"
## [913] "URBAN/SMALL FLOODING" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM"
## [915] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD" "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOOD"
## [917] "URBAN/SMALL STREAM FLOODING" "URBAN/SMALL STRM FLDG"
## [919] "URBAN/SML STREAM FLD" "URBAN/SML STREAM FLDG"
## [921] "URBAN/STREET FLOODING" "VERY DRY"
## [923] "VERY WARM" "VOG"
## [925] "Volcanic Ash" "VOLCANIC ASH"
## [927] "Volcanic Ash Plume" "VOLCANIC ASHFALL"
## [929] "VOLCANIC ERUPTION" "WAKE LOW WIND"
## [931] "WALL CLOUD" "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [933] "WARM DRY CONDITIONS" "WARM WEATHER"
## [935] "WATER SPOUT" "WATERSPOUT"
## [937] "WATERSPOUT-" "WATERSPOUT-TORNADO"
## [939] "WATERSPOUT FUNNEL CLOUD" "WATERSPOUT TORNADO"
## [941] "WATERSPOUT/" "WATERSPOUT/ TORNADO"
## [943] "WATERSPOUT/TORNADO" "WATERSPOUTS"
## [945] "WAYTERSPOUT" "wet micoburst"
## [947] "WET MICROBURST" "Wet Month"
## [949] "WET SNOW" "WET WEATHER"
## [951] "Wet Year" "Whirlwind"
## [953] "WHIRLWIND" "WILD FIRES"
## [955] "WILD/FOREST FIRE" "WILD/FOREST FIRES"
## [957] "WILDFIRE" "WILDFIRES"
## [959] "Wind" "WIND"
## [961] "WIND ADVISORY" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [963] "WIND CHILL" "WIND CHILL/HIGH WIND"
## [965] "Wind Damage" "WIND DAMAGE"
## [967] "WIND GUSTS" "WIND STORM"
## [969] "WIND/HAIL" "WINDS"
## [971] "WINTER MIX" "WINTER STORM"
## [973] "WINTER STORM HIGH WINDS" "WINTER STORM/HIGH WIND"
## [975] "WINTER STORM/HIGH WINDS" "WINTER STORMS"
## [977] "Winter Weather" "WINTER WEATHER"
## [979] "WINTER WEATHER MIX" "WINTER WEATHER/MIX"
## [981] "WINTERY MIX" "Wintry mix"
## [983] "Wintry Mix" "WINTRY MIX"
## [985] "WND"The below code is used to clean the data based on event types.
# Clean data
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("HIGH SURF", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "HIGH SURF"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("HEAVY SURF", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"HEAVY SURF"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("RIP CURRENT", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "RIP CURRENT"
# "Burst" included under Thunderstorm Wind per 7.39.1 of NWSI 10-1605
# According to the remarks column, all EVTYPE's beginning with SUMMARY were
# related to thunderstorms.
toMatch <- c("THUNDERSTORM WIND", "THUNDERSTORMS WIND",
"THUDERSTORM WINDS", "THUNDEERSTORM WINDS",
"THUNDERESTORM WINDS", "THUNDERSTORM WINDS",
"THUNDERSTORM W INDS", "THUNDERSTORM WINS",
"THUNDERSTORMW WINDS", "THUNDERSTORMWINDS",
"THUNDERSTROM WIND", "THUNDERSTROM WINDS",
"THUNDERTORM WINDS", "THUNDERTSORM WIND",
"THUNDESTORM WINDS", "THUNERSTORM WINDS", "BURST",
"TUNDERSTORM WIND", "^Summary", "^TSTM", "^ TSTM")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "THUNDERSTORM WIND"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^FLASH", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "FLASH FLOOD"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^FLOOD", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "FLOOD"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("WILD", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "WILDFIRE"
lightningmatch <- c("^LIGHTNING", "^ LIGHTNING", "RED FLAG CRITERIA",
"LIGNTNING")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(lightningmatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE)] <-
"LIGHTNING"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^HAIL", rawdata$EVTYPE)] <- "HAIL"
toMatch <- c("DUST DEVIL", "DUST DEVEL")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "DUST DEVIL"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("VOLCANIC", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"VOLCANIC ASH"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^HEAVY SNOW", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"HEAVY SNOW"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("HURRICANE", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"HURRICANE/TYPHOON"
toMatch <- c("^WATERSPOUT", "^ WATERSPOUT", "WAYTERSPOUT",
"WATER SPOUT", "LANDSPOUT")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "WATERSPOUT"
toMatch <- c("DENSEFOG", "^FOG")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "DENSE FOG"
toMatch <- c("FREEZING FOG", "ICE FOG")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "FREEZING FOG"
toMatch <- c("^HEAVY RAIN", "LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN", "TSTM HEAVY RAIN")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "HEAVY RAIN"
# "Freezing drizzle" included under Winter Weather per 7.48 of NWSI 10-1605
# Also assuming that "Wintry" falls under this category
toMatch <- c("WINTER WEATHER", "FREEZING DRIZZLE", "WINTERY", "WINTRY",
"WINTER MIX")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "WINTER WEATHER"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("TROPICAL STORM", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"TROPICAL STORM"
# "Freezing rain" included under Winter Storm per 7.47 of NWSI 10-1605
# "Light snow" included under Winter Storm per 7.47 of NWSI 10-1605
toMatch <- c("^WINTER STORM", "^FREEZING RAIN", "LIGHT SNOW")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "WINTER STORM"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^STRONG WIND", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"STRONG WIND"
# Since "High Winds" accompany blizzards, any event type with high wind and
# blizzard in it will be resolved to just "Blizzard"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("BLIZZARD", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"BLIZZARD"
# Any event type with "Drought" resolved to just "Drought"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("DROUGHT", rawdata$EVTYPE, ignore.case = TRUE)] <-
"DROUGHT"
toMatch <- c("EXCESSIVE HEAT", "EXTREME HEAT", "HEAT WAVE", "RECORD HEAT")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "EXCESSIVE HEAT"
# "Unseasonably warm" included under Heat per 7.47 of NWSI 10-1605
toMatch <- c("UNSEASONABLY WARM", "UNSEASONABLY HOT", "HEAT", "VERY WARM",
"HOT", "RECORD WARM")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "HEAT"
toMatch <- c("RECORD COLD", "RECORD COLD", "WIND CHILL")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL"
# "Urban flooding" included under Flood per 7.14.4 of NWSI 10-1605
toMatch <- c("URBAN", "STREAM", "^STREET FLOOD")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "FLOOD"
toMatch <- c("COASTAL FLOOD", "COASTALFLOOD")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "COASTAL FLOOD"
toMatch <- c("MARINE MISHAP")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "MARINE STRONG WIND"
toMatch <- c("TORNADO", "TORNDAO")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "TORNADO"
toMatch <- c("STORM SURGE", "^TIDAL")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
toMatch <- c("^HIGH WIND", "WND", "WIND ADVISORY")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "HIGH WIND"
toMatch <- c("EARLY FREEZE", "EARLY FROST", "FREEZE", "^FROST")
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse = "|"), rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "FROST/FREEZE"
rawdata$EVTYPE[grep("^FUNNEL", rawdata$EVTYPE,
ignore.case = TRUE)] <- "FUNNEL CLOUD"
rawdata$EVTYPE <- droplevels(rawdata$EVTYPE) # Clean up levelsAfter cleaning, the unique values of event type looks as follows:
levels(rawdata$EVTYPE)## [1] " FLASH FLOOD" " WIND"
## [3] "?" "ABNORMAL WARMTH"
## [5] "ABNORMALLY DRY" "ABNORMALLY WET"
## [7] "ACCUMULATED SNOWFALL" "APACHE COUNTY"
## [9] "ASTRONOMICAL HIGH TIDE" "ASTRONOMICAL LOW TIDE"
## [11] "AVALANCE" "AVALANCHE"
## [13] "BEACH EROSIN" "Beach Erosion"
## [15] "BEACH EROSION" "BEACH FLOOD"
## [17] "BELOW NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "Black Ice"
## [19] "BLACK ICE" "BLIZZARD"
## [21] "BLOW-OUT TIDE" "BLOW-OUT TIDES"
## [23] "BLOWING DUST" "blowing snow"
## [25] "Blowing Snow" "BLOWING SNOW"
## [27] "BLOWING SNOW- EXTREME WIND CHI" "BLOWING SNOW & EXTREME WIND CH"
## [29] "BLOWING SNOW/EXTREME WIND CHIL" "BREAKUP FLOODING"
## [31] "BRUSH FIRE" "BRUSH FIRES"
## [33] "COASTAL FLOODING/EROSION" "COASTAL EROSION"
## [35] "COASTAL FLOOD" "Coastal Storm"
## [37] "COASTAL STORM" "COASTAL SURGE"
## [39] "COASTAL/TIDAL FLOOD" "COASTALSTORM"
## [41] "Cold" "COLD"
## [43] "COLD AIR FUNNEL" "COLD AIR FUNNELS"
## [45] "Cold and Frost" "COLD AND FROST"
## [47] "COLD AND SNOW" "COLD AND WET CONDITIONS"
## [49] "Cold Temperature" "COLD TEMPERATURES"
## [51] "COLD WAVE" "COLD WEATHER"
## [53] "COLD/WINDS" "COOL AND WET"
## [55] "COOL SPELL" "CSTL FLOODING/EROSION"
## [57] "DAM BREAK" "DAM FAILURE"
## [59] "DEEP HAIL" "DENSE FOG"
## [61] "DENSE SMOKE" "DRIEST MONTH"
## [63] "Drifting Snow" "DROUGHT"
## [65] "DROWNING" "DRY"
## [67] "DRY CONDITIONS" "DRY PATTERN"
## [69] "DRY SPELL" "DRY WEATHER"
## [71] "DRYNESS" "DUST DEVIL"
## [73] "DUST STORM" "DUST STORM/HIGH WINDS"
## [75] "DUSTSTORM" "EARLY RAIN"
## [77] "EARLY SNOW" "Early snowfall"
## [79] "EARLY SNOWFALL" "Erosion/Cstl Flood"
## [81] "EXCESSIVE" "Excessive Cold"
## [83] "EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION" "EXCESSIVE RAIN"
## [85] "EXCESSIVE RAINFALL" "EXCESSIVE SNOW"
## [87] "EXCESSIVE WETNESS" "EXCESSIVELY DRY"
## [89] "Extended Cold" "Extreme Cold"
## [91] "EXTREME COLD" "EXTREME COLD/WIND CHILL"
## [93] "EXTREME WINDCHILL" "EXTREME WINDCHILL TEMPERATURES"
## [95] "EXTREMELY WET" "FALLING SNOW/ICE"
## [97] "FIRST FROST" "FIRST SNOW"
## [99] "FLASH FLOOD" "Flood"
## [101] "FLOOD" "Flood/Flash Flood"
## [103] "Flood/Strong Wind" "FOREST FIRES"
## [105] "FREEZING FOG" "Freezing Spray"
## [107] "FROST/FREEZE" "FUNNEL CLOUD"
## [109] "Glaze" "GLAZE"
## [111] "GLAZE ICE" "GLAZE/ICE STORM"
## [113] "gradient wind" "Gradient wind"
## [115] "GRADIENT WIND" "GRADIENT WINDS"
## [117] "GRASS FIRES" "GUSTNADO"
## [119] "GUSTNADO AND" "GUSTY LAKE WIND"
## [121] "Gusty Wind" "GUSTY WIND"
## [123] "GUSTY WIND/HAIL" "GUSTY WIND/HVY RAIN"
## [125] "Gusty wind/rain" "Gusty winds"
## [127] "Gusty Winds" "GUSTY WINDS"
## [129] "HAIL" "Hail(0.75)"
## [131] "HAZARDOUS SURF" "HEAT"
## [133] "HEAVY LAKE SNOW" "HEAVY MIX"
## [135] "HEAVY PRECIPATATION" "Heavy Precipitation"
## [137] "HEAVY PRECIPITATION" "HEAVY RAIN"
## [139] "HEAVY SEAS" "HEAVY SHOWER"
## [141] "HEAVY SHOWERS" "HEAVY SNOW"
## [143] "HEAVY SURF" "HEAVY SWELLS"
## [145] "HEAVY WET SNOW" "HIGH"
## [147] "HIGH SWELLS" "HIGH WINDS"
## [149] "HIGH SEAS" "High Surf"
## [151] "HIGH SURF" "HIGH SWELLS"
## [153] "HIGH TEMPERATURE RECORD" "HIGH TIDES"
## [155] "HIGH WATER" "HIGH WAVES"
## [157] "HIGH WIND" "HIGHWAY FLOODING"
## [159] "HURRICANE/TYPHOON" "HVY RAIN"
## [161] "HYPERTHERMIA/EXPOSURE" "HYPOTHERMIA"
## [163] "Hypothermia/Exposure" "HYPOTHERMIA/EXPOSURE"
## [165] "ICE" "ICE AND SNOW"
## [167] "ICE FLOES" "ICE JAM"
## [169] "Ice jam flood (minor" "ICE JAM FLOODING"
## [171] "ICE ON ROAD" "ICE PELLETS"
## [173] "ICE ROADS" "ICE STORM"
## [175] "ICE STORM AND SNOW" "ICE STORM/FLASH FLOOD"
## [177] "Ice/Snow" "ICE/SNOW"
## [179] "ICE/STRONG WINDS" "Icy Roads"
## [181] "ICY ROADS" "LACK OF SNOW"
## [183] "LAKE-EFFECT SNOW" "Lake Effect Snow"
## [185] "LAKE EFFECT SNOW" "LAKE FLOOD"
## [187] "LAKESHORE FLOOD" "LANDSLIDE"
## [189] "LANDSLIDES" "Landslump"
## [191] "LANDSLUMP" "LARGE WALL CLOUD"
## [193] "Late-season Snowfall" "LATE SEASON HAIL"
## [195] "LATE SEASON SNOW" "Late Season Snowfall"
## [197] "LATE SNOW" "LIGHT FREEZING RAIN"
## [199] "LIGHTING" "LIGHTNING"
## [201] "LOCAL FLASH FLOOD" "LOCAL FLOOD"
## [203] "LOW TEMPERATURE" "LOW TEMPERATURE RECORD"
## [205] "MAJOR FLOOD" "Marine Accident"
## [207] "MARINE HAIL" "MARINE HIGH WIND"
## [209] "MARINE STRONG WIND" "MARINE TSTM WIND"
## [211] "Metro Storm, May 26" "Mild and Dry Pattern"
## [213] "MILD PATTERN" "MILD/DRY PATTERN"
## [215] "MINOR FLOOD" "Minor Flooding"
## [217] "MINOR FLOODING" "MIXED PRECIP"
## [219] "Mixed Precipitation" "MIXED PRECIPITATION"
## [221] "MODERATE SNOW" "MODERATE SNOWFALL"
## [223] "MONTHLY PRECIPITATION" "Monthly Rainfall"
## [225] "MONTHLY RAINFALL" "Monthly Snowfall"
## [227] "MONTHLY SNOWFALL" "MONTHLY TEMPERATURE"
## [229] "Mountain Snows" "MUD SLIDE"
## [231] "MUD SLIDES" "MUD/ROCK SLIDE"
## [233] "Mudslide" "MUDSLIDE"
## [235] "MUDSLIDE/LANDSLIDE" "Mudslides"
## [237] "MUDSLIDES" "NEAR RECORD SNOW"
## [239] "No Severe Weather" "NON-SEVERE WIND DAMAGE"
## [241] "NON-TSTM WIND" "NON SEVERE HAIL"
## [243] "NON TSTM WIND" "NONE"
## [245] "NORMAL PRECIPITATION" "NORTHERN LIGHTS"
## [247] "Other" "OTHER"
## [249] "PATCHY DENSE FOG" "PATCHY ICE"
## [251] "Prolong Cold" "PROLONG COLD"
## [253] "PROLONG COLD/SNOW" "PROLONG WARMTH"
## [255] "PROLONGED RAIN" "RAIN"
## [257] "RAIN (HEAVY)" "RAIN AND WIND"
## [259] "Rain Damage" "RAIN/SNOW"
## [261] "RAIN/WIND" "RAINSTORM"
## [263] "RAPIDLY RISING WATER" "RECORD COOL"
## [265] "Record dry month" "RECORD DRYNESS"
## [267] "Record High" "RECORD HIGH"
## [269] "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURE" "RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES"
## [271] "RECORD LOW" "RECORD LOW RAINFALL"
## [273] "Record May Snow" "RECORD PRECIPITATION"
## [275] "RECORD RAINFALL" "RECORD SNOW"
## [277] "RECORD SNOW/COLD" "RECORD SNOWFALL"
## [279] "Record temperature" "RECORD TEMPERATURE"
## [281] "Record Temperatures" "RECORD TEMPERATURES"
## [283] "Record Winter Snow" "RECORD/EXCESSIVE RAINFALL"
## [285] "RED FLAG FIRE WX" "REMNANTS OF FLOYD"
## [287] "RIP CURRENT" "RIVER FLOOD"
## [289] "River Flooding" "RIVER FLOODING"
## [291] "ROCK SLIDE" "ROGUE WAVE"
## [293] "ROTATING WALL CLOUD" "ROUGH SEAS"
## [295] "ROUGH SURF" "RURAL FLOOD"
## [297] "Saharan Dust" "SAHARAN DUST"
## [299] "Seasonal Snowfall" "SEICHE"
## [301] "SEVERE COLD" "SEVERE THUNDERSTORM"
## [303] "SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS" "SEVERE TURBULENCE"
## [305] "SLEET" "SLEET & FREEZING RAIN"
## [307] "SLEET STORM" "SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [309] "SLEET/ICE STORM" "SLEET/RAIN/SNOW"
## [311] "SLEET/SNOW" "small hail"
## [313] "Small Hail" "SMALL HAIL"
## [315] "SMOKE" "Snow"
## [317] "SNOW" "Snow Accumulation"
## [319] "SNOW ACCUMULATION" "SNOW ADVISORY"
## [321] "SNOW AND COLD" "SNOW AND HEAVY SNOW"
## [323] "Snow and Ice" "SNOW AND ICE"
## [325] "SNOW AND ICE STORM" "Snow and sleet"
## [327] "SNOW AND SLEET" "SNOW AND WIND"
## [329] "SNOW FREEZING RAIN" "SNOW SHOWERS"
## [331] "SNOW SLEET" "SNOW SQUALL"
## [333] "Snow squalls" "Snow Squalls"
## [335] "SNOW SQUALLS" "SNOW/ BITTER COLD"
## [337] "SNOW/ ICE" "SNOW/BLOWING SNOW"
## [339] "SNOW/COLD" "SNOW/FREEZING RAIN"
## [341] "SNOW/HEAVY SNOW" "SNOW/HIGH WINDS"
## [343] "SNOW/ICE" "SNOW/ICE STORM"
## [345] "SNOW/RAIN" "SNOW/RAIN/SLEET"
## [347] "SNOW/SLEET" "SNOW/SLEET/FREEZING RAIN"
## [349] "SNOW/SLEET/RAIN" "SNOW\\COLD"
## [351] "SNOWFALL RECORD" "SNOWMELT FLOODING"
## [353] "SNOWSTORM" "SOUTHEAST"
## [355] "STORM FORCE WINDS" "STORM SURGE/TIDE"
## [357] "STRONG WIND" "Temperature record"
## [359] "THUNDERSNOW" "Thundersnow shower"
## [361] "THUNDERSTORM" "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE"
## [363] "THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE TO" "THUNDERSTORM HAIL"
## [365] "THUNDERSTORM WIND" "THUNDERSTORMS"
## [367] "THUNDERSTORMW" "THUNDERSTORMW 50"
## [369] "TORNADO" "TORRENTIAL RAIN"
## [371] "Torrential Rainfall" "TROPICAL DEPRESSION"
## [373] "TROPICAL STORM" "TSUNAMI"
## [375] "TYPHOON" "Unseasonable Cold"
## [377] "UNSEASONABLY COLD" "UNSEASONABLY COOL"
## [379] "UNSEASONABLY COOL & WET" "UNSEASONABLY DRY"
## [381] "UNSEASONABLY WET" "UNSEASONAL LOW TEMP"
## [383] "UNSEASONAL RAIN" "UNUSUAL WARMTH"
## [385] "UNUSUALLY COLD" "UNUSUALLY LATE SNOW"
## [387] "UNUSUALLY WARM" "VERY DRY"
## [389] "VOG" "VOLCANIC ASH"
## [391] "WAKE LOW WIND" "WALL CLOUD"
## [393] "WALL CLOUD/FUNNEL CLOUD" "WARM DRY CONDITIONS"
## [395] "WARM WEATHER" "WATERSPOUT"
## [397] "Wet Month" "WET SNOW"
## [399] "WET WEATHER" "Wet Year"
## [401] "Whirlwind" "WHIRLWIND"
## [403] "WILDFIRE" "Wind"
## [405] "WIND" "WIND AND WAVE"
## [407] "Wind Damage" "WIND DAMAGE"
## [409] "WIND GUSTS" "WIND STORM"
## [411] "WIND/HAIL" "WINDS"
## [413] "WINTER STORM" "WINTER WEATHER"Results
# Split the total fatalities data by the event type.
fatalities <- aggregate(rawdata$FATALITIES, list(rawdata$EVTYPE), FUN = sum)
colnames(fatalities) <- c("EVTYPE", "FATALITIES")
# Extract data where fatalities are greater than zero.
nonzerofatals <- fatalities[fatalities$FATALITIES != 0,]
# Create a barplot of the extracted fatalities data.
plotfatal <- barplot(nonzerofatals$FATALITIES, main = "Weather Related
Fatalities in US", xlab = "Event Type", ylab = "Total
Fatalities", names.arg = nonzerofatals$EVTYPE,
cex.names = 0.5)
maxfatal <- as.character(nonzerofatals$EVTYPE[nonzerofatals$FATALITIES ==
max(nonzerofatals$FATALITIES)])The plot above shows that the weather event with the most fatalities are TORNADO.
# Split the total injuries data by the event type.
injuries <- aggregate(rawdata$INJURIES, list(rawdata$EVTYPE), FUN = sum)
colnames(injuries) <- c("EVTYPE", "INJURIES")
# Extract data where fatalities are greater than zero.
nonzeroinjurs <- injuries[injuries$INJURIES != 0,]
# Create a barplot of the extracted fatalities data.
plotinjur <- barplot(nonzeroinjurs$INJURIES, main = "Weather Related
Injuries in US", xlab = "Event Type", ylab = "Total
Injuries", names.arg = nonzeroinjurs$EVTYPE,
cex.names = 0.5)
maxinjurs <- as.character(nonzeroinjurs$EVTYPE[nonzeroinjurs$INJURIES ==
max(nonzeroinjurs$INJURIES)])The plot above shows that the weather event with the most injuries are TORNADO.
# Copy property damage to a new total damage column
rawdata$TOTALDMG <- rawdata$PROPDMG
# Apply multipliers for the property damage
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "H"] <-
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "H"] * 100
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "K"] <-
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "K"] * 1000
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "M"] <-
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "M"] * 1000000
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "B"] <-
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$PROPDMGEXP == "B"] * 1000000000
# Add crop damage with multipliers to the total damage
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "H"] <- rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "H"] +
rawdata$CROPDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "H"] * 100
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "K"] <- rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "K"] +
rawdata$CROPDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "K"] * 1000
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "M"] <- rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "M"] +
rawdata$CROPDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "M"] * 1000000
rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "B"] <- rawdata$TOTALDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "B"] +
rawdata$CROPDMG[rawdata$CROPDMGEXP == "B"] * 1000000000
# Split the total damage cost data by the event type.
totaldamage <- aggregate(rawdata$TOTALDMG, list(rawdata$EVTYPE), FUN = sum)
colnames(totaldamage) <- c("EVTYPE", "TOTALDMG")
# Extract data where damage cost is greater than zero.
nonzerodamag <- totaldamage[totaldamage$TOTALDMG != 0,]
# Create a barplot of the extracted damage cost data.
plotdamag <- barplot(nonzerodamag$TOTALDMG, main = "Weather Related
Damage in US", xlab = "Event Type", ylab = "Total
Cost of Damage", names.arg = nonzerodamag$EVTYPE,
cex.names = 0.5)
maxdamag <- as.character(nonzerodamag$EVTYPE[nonzerodamag$TOTALDMG ==
max(nonzerodamag$TOTALDMG)])The plot above shows that the weather event with the greatest total damage cost is FLOOD.