BTVN
lnquynh
2023-06-22
Bài tập về nhà
Bài tập tuần 7
Scrape data
Scrape dữ liệu từ “Killed by Google”
Dữ liệu về “Killed by Google”
“Killed by Google” là một trang web bao gồm các sản phẩm và dịch vụ do google sở hữu hoặc mua và sau đó đã ngừng hoạt động vì một số lý do. Trang web có năm bắt đầu và năm kết thúc cho các sản phẩm, dịch vụ và phần cứng đó. Đến nay, trang web có một danh mục gồm 288 sản phẩm và phần cứng đã chết. Và điều này đã diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian 25 năm (1998 (Năm thành lập google) — 2023).
Scraping lấy dữ liệu về product, time và product description
# Dùng package "rvest" để thu nhập dữ liệu
r = getOption("repos")
r["CRAN"] = "http://cran.us.r-project.org"
options(repos = r)
install.packages("rvest")##
## The downloaded binary packages are in
## /var/folders/ph/8pctdw413fv1n37td3zcx97c0000gn/T//RtmpFWsnAd/downloaded_packagesinstall.packages("dplyr")## Warning in download.file(url, destfile, method, mode = "wb", ...): downloaded
## length 0 != reported length 0## Warning in download.file(url, destfile, method, mode = "wb", ...): URL
## 'http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.3/dplyr_1.1.2.tgz':
## Timeout of 60 seconds was reached## Error in download.file(url, destfile, method, mode = "wb", ...) :
## download from 'http://cran.us.r-project.org/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.3/dplyr_1.1.2.tgz' failed## Warning in download.packages(pkgs, destdir = tmpd, available = available, :
## download of package 'dplyr' failedlibrary(rvest)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union# Xác định dữ liệu "time" của nguồn dữ liệu gốc "Killed by Google"
time_link = "https://killedbygoogle.com/"
time_page = read_html(time_link)
time_table = time_page %>% html_nodes(".e1hf78cm1") %>% html_text()
time_table## [1] "September2023" "September2023" "August2023" "July2023"
## [5] "June2023" "2018 - 2023" "2016 - 2023" "2019 - 2023"
## [9] "2010 - 2023" "2014 - 2023" "2003 - 2023" "2019 - 2023"
## [13] "2015 - 2023" "2016 - 2022" "2021 - 2022" "2019 - 2022"
## [17] "2013 - 2022" "2012 - 2022" "2017 - 2022" "2018 - 2022"
## [21] "2010 - 2022" "2019 - 2022" "2019 - 2022" "2016 - 2022"
## [25] "2006 - 2022" "2018 - 2022" "2018 - 2022" "2015 - 2022"
## [29] "2010 - 2021" "2017 - 2021" "2018 - 2021" "2000 - 2021"
## [33] "2008 - 2021" "2019 - 2021" "2014 - 2021" "2017 - 2021"
## [37] "2005 - 2021" "2017 - 2021" "2018 - 2021" "2012 - 2021"
## [41] "2013 - 2021" "2014 - 2021" "2013 - 2021" "2015 - 2021"
## [45] "2018 - 2021" "2017 - 2021" "2011 - 2021" "2016 - 2021"
## [49] "2014 - 2021" "2013 - 2021" "2015 - 2021" "2019 - 2021"
## [53] "2012 - 2021" "2010 - 2021" "2011 - 2021" "2014 - 2021"
## [57] "2018 - 2021" "2016 - 2021" "2014 - 2021" "2016 - 2021"
## [61] "2010 - 2020" "2017 - 2020" "2016 - 2020" "2017 - 2020"
## [65] "2016 - 2020" "2011 - 2020" "2017 - 2020" "2016 - 2020"
## [69] "2017 - 2020" "2019 - 2020" "2017 - 2020" "2019 - 2020"
## [73] "2019 - 2020" "2020 - 2020" "2018 - 2020" "2008 - 2020"
## [77] "2019 - 2020" "2018 - 2020" "2014 - 2020" "2014 - 2020"
## [81] "2018 - 2020" "2015 - 2020" "2013 - 2020" "2011 - 2020"
## [85] "2012 - 2020" "2012 - 2019" "2013 - 2019" "2011 - 2019"
## [89] "2009 - 2019" "2009 - 2019" "2018 - 2019" "2018 - 2019"
## [93] "2019 - 2019" "2017 - 2019" "2017 - 2019" "2016 - 2019"
## [97] "2010 - 2019" "2013 - 2019" "2011 - 2019" "2013 - 2019"
## [101] "2017 - 2019" "2013 - 2019" "2014 - 2019" "2016 - 2019"
## [105] "2011 - 2019" "2011 - 2019" "2018 - 2019" "2015 - 2019"
## [109] "2018 - 2019" "2017 - 2019" "2015 - 2019" "2012 - 2019"
## [113] "2015 - 2019" "2015 - 2019" "2011 - 2019" "2009 - 2019"
## [117] "2013 - 2019" "2016 - 2019" "2015 - 2019" "2008 - 2019"
## [121] "2013 - 2019" "2015 - 2019" "2002 - 2018" "2015 - 2018"
## [125] "2007 - 2018" "2016 - 2018" "2018 - 2018" "2017 - 2018"
## [129] "2010 - 2018" "2016 - 2018" "2013 - 2018" "2010 - 2018"
## [133] "2010 - 2018" "2010 - 2018" "2008 - 2018" "2010 - 2018"
## [137] "2016 - 2018" "2014 - 2017" "2006 - 2017" "2010 - 2017"
## [141] "2007 - 2017" "2013 - 2017" "2008 - 2017" "2013 - 2017"
## [145] "2016 - 2017" "2016 - 2017" "2014 - 2017" "2010 - 2017"
## [149] "2005 - 2016" "2005 - 2016" "2012 - 2016" "2010 - 2016"
## [153] "2015 - 2016" "2013 - 2016" "2012 - 2016" "2011 - 2016"
## [157] "2013 - 2016" "2014 - 2016" "2012 - 2016" "2007 - 2016"
## [161] "2012 - 2016" "2009 - 2016" "2015 - 2016" "2015 - 2016"
## [165] "2012 - 2016" "2013 - 2016" "2013 - 2016" "2007 - 2016"
## [169] "2005 - 2016" "2005 - 2015" "2008 - 2015" "2012 - 2015"
## [173] "2002 - 2015" "2008 - 2015" "2011 - 2015" "2008 - 2015"
## [177] "2011 - 2015" "2013 - 2015" "2012 - 2015" "2013 - 2015"
## [181] "2013 - 2015" "2013 - 2015" "2010 - 2015" "2004 - 2014"
## [185] "2010 - 2014" "2013 - 2014" "2007 - 2014" "2012 - 2014"
## [189] "2012 - 2014" "2013 - 2014" "2011 - 2014" "2010 - 2014"
## [193] "2005 - 2014" "2009 - 2014" "2011 - 2014" "2011 - 2013"
## [197] "2006 - 2013" "2010 - 2013" "2005 - 2013" "2009 - 2013"
## [201] "2005 - 2013" "2012 - 2013" "2011 - 2013" "2009 - 2013"
## [205] "2005 - 2013" "2004 - 2013" "2008 - 2013" "2007 - 2013"
## [209] "2007 - 2012" "2007 - 2012" "2008 - 2012" "2009 - 2012"
## [213] "2010 - 2012" "2011 - 2012" "2008 - 2012" "1999 - 2012"
## [217] "2005 - 2012" "2005 - 2012" "2009 - 2012" "2011 - 2012"
## [221] "2008 - 2012" "2009 - 2012" "2009 - 2012" "2011 - 2012"
## [225] "2011 - 2012" "2005 - 2012" "2005 - 2012" "2008 - 2012"
## [229] "2006 - 2012" "2006 - 2012" "2008 - 2012" "2009 - 2011"
## [233] "2007 - 2011" "2010 - 2011" "2007 - 2011" "2008 - 2011"
## [237] "2010 - 2011" "2009 - 2011" "2009 - 2011" "2009 - 2011"
## [241] "2009 - 2011" "2006 - 2011" "2008 - 2011" "2009 - 2011"
## [245] "2009 - 2011" "2002 - 2011" "2007 - 2011" "2000 - 2011"
## [249] "2009 - 2011" "2009 - 2011" "2009 - 2011" "2002 - 2011"
## [253] "1997 - 2011" "2010 - 2011" "2009 - 2011" "2009 - 2011"
## [257] "2010 - 2011" "2005 - 2010" "2007 - 2010" "2008 - 2010"
## [261] "2008 - 2010" "2006 - 2010" "1998 - 2010" "2002 - 2009"
## [265] "2005 - 2009" "2005 - 2009" "2007 - 2009" "2008 - 2009"
## [269] "2007 - 2009" "2007 - 2009" "2005 - 2009" "2003 - 2009"
## [273] "2008 - 2009" "2008 - 2008" "2006 - 2008" "2006 - 2008"
## [277] "2006 - 2008" "2006 - 2008" "2002 - 2008" "2005 - 2008"
## [281] "2001 - 2007" "2004 - 2007" "2006 - 2007" "2006 - 2007"
## [285] "2002 - 2006" "2005 - 2006" "2002 - 2006" "2003 - 2006"# Xác định dữ liệu "product" của nguồn dữ liệu gốc "Killed by Google"
product_link = "https://killedbygoogle.com/"
product_page = read_html(product_link)
product_table = product_page %>% html_nodes(".e1hf78cm0 a") %>% html_text()
product_table## [1] "Google Domains"
## [2] "Google Optimize"
## [3] "Google Cloud IoT Core"
## [4] "Google Album Archive"
## [5] "YouTube Stories"
## [6] "Grasshopper"
## [7] "Conversational Actions"
## [8] "Google Currents (2019)"
## [9] "Google Street View (standalone app)"
## [10] "Jacquard"
## [11] "Google Code Competitions"
## [12] "Google Stadia"
## [13] "Google OnHub"
## [14] "YouTube Originals"
## [15] "Threadit"
## [16] "Duplex on the Web"
## [17] "Google Hangouts"
## [18] "Google Surveys"
## [19] "YouTube Go"
## [20] "Google My Business (app)"
## [21] "Google Chrome Apps"
## [22] "Kormo Jobs"
## [23] "Android Auto for phone screens"
## [24] "Google Duo"
## [25] "G Suite (Legacy Free Edition)"
## [26] "Google Assistant Snapshot"
## [27] "Cameos on Google"
## [28] "Android Things"
## [29] "AngularJS"
## [30] "Streams"
## [31] "Material Gallery"
## [32] "Google Toolbar"
## [33] "Google Sites (Classic)"
## [34] "Your News Update"
## [35] "Google My Maps"
## [36] "Backup and Sync"
## [37] "Google Bookmarks"
## [38] "Chatbase"
## [39] "VR180 Creator"
## [40] "Posts on Google"
## [41] "Fitbit Coach"
## [42] "Fitstar Yoga"
## [43] "Tour Builder"
## [44] "Expeditions"
## [45] "Tour Creator"
## [46] "Poly"
## [47] "Google Play Movies & TV"
## [48] "Measure"
## [49] "Zync Render"
## [50] "Timely"
## [51] "Polymer"
## [52] "Google Shopping Mobile App"
## [53] "Google Public Alerts"
## [54] "Google Go Links"
## [55] "Google Crisis Map"
## [56] "Google Cardboard"
## [57] "Swift for TensorFlow"
## [58] "Tilt Brush"
## [59] "Loon"
## [60] "App Maker"
## [61] "Google Cloud Print"
## [62] "Google Home Max"
## [63] "Science Journal"
## [64] "YouTube VR (SteamVR)"
## [65] "Trusted Contacts"
## [66] "Google Play Music"
## [67] "Nest Secure"
## [68] "YouTube Community Contributions"
## [69] "Hire by Google"
## [70] "Password Checkup extension"
## [71] "Playground AR"
## [72] "Focals by North"
## [73] "CallJoy"
## [74] "Google Photos Print"
## [75] "Pigeon Transit"
## [76] "Enhanced 404 Pages"
## [77] "Shoelace"
## [78] "Neighbourly"
## [79] "Fabric"
## [80] "Google Contributor"
## [81] "Material Theme Editor"
## [82] "Google Station"
## [83] "One Today"
## [84] "Androidify"
## [85] "Google Fiber TV"
## [86] "Field Trip"
## [87] "AdSense (mobile app)"
## [88] "Google Correlate"
## [89] "Google Translator Toolkit"
## [90] "Google Fusion Tables"
## [91] "Google Bulletin"
## [92] "Touring Bird"
## [93] "Game Builder"
## [94] "Datally"
## [95] "Google Clips"
## [96] "Google Daydream"
## [97] "YouTube Leanback"
## [98] "Message Center"
## [99] "Follow Your World"
## [100] "G Suite Training"
## [101] "YouTube Messages"
## [102] "YouTube for Nintendo 3DS"
## [103] "Works with Nest API"
## [104] "Google Trips"
## [105] "Hangouts on Air"
## [106] "Personal Blocklist"
## [107] "Dragonfly"
## [108] "Google Jump"
## [109] "Blog Compass"
## [110] "Areo"
## [111] "YouTube Gaming"
## [112] "Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)"
## [113] "Data Saver Extension for Chrome"
## [114] "Inbox by Gmail"
## [115] "Google+"
## [116] "Google URL Shortener"
## [117] "Google Spotlight Stories"
## [118] "Google Allo"
## [119] "Google Notification Widget (Mr. Jingles)"
## [120] "YouTube Video Annotations"
## [121] "Google Realtime API"
## [122] "Chromecast Audio"
## [123] "Google Search Appliance"
## [124] "Google Nearby Notifications"
## [125] "Google Pinyin IME"
## [126] "Google News & Weather"
## [127] "Reply"
## [128] "Tez"
## [129] "Google Goggles"
## [130] "Save to Google Chrome Extension"
## [131] "Google Play Newsstand"
## [132] "Encrypted Search"
## [133] "Google Cloud Prediction API"
## [134] "qpx-express-API"
## [135] "Google Site Search"
## [136] "reCAPTCHA Mailhide"
## [137] "SoundStage"
## [138] "Project Tango"
## [139] "Google Portfolios"
## [140] "YouTube Video Editor"
## [141] "Trendalyzer"
## [142] "Glass OS"
## [143] "Google Map Maker"
## [144] "Chromebook Pixel"
## [145] "Google Spaces"
## [146] "Google Hands Free"
## [147] "Build with Chrome"
## [148] "Gesture Search"
## [149] "Panoramio"
## [150] "Google Showtimes"
## [151] "Pixate"
## [152] "Google Nexus"
## [153] "Together"
## [154] "Project Ara"
## [155] "Web Hosting in Google Drive"
## [156] "Google Swiffy"
## [157] "Google Wallet Card"
## [158] "Nexus Player"
## [159] "Revolv"
## [160] "Freebase"
## [161] "Google Now"
## [162] "MyTracks"
## [163] "uWeave"
## [164] "Google Compare"
## [165] "Google Maps Coordinate"
## [166] "Pie"
## [167] "Google Maps Engine"
## [168] "Songza"
## [169] "Google Code"
## [170] "Google Blog Search API"
## [171] "Google Earth Browser Plug-in"
## [172] "Timeful"
## [173] "Picasa"
## [174] "Google Flu Trends"
## [175] "Google Catalogs"
## [176] "Google Moderator"
## [177] "Android @ Home"
## [178] "Google Helpouts"
## [179] "YouTube for PS Vita"
## [180] "BebaPay"
## [181] "Google Play Edition"
## [182] "Google Glass Explorer Edition"
## [183] "Word Lens"
## [184] "Orkut"
## [185] "Google TV"
## [186] "Quickoffice"
## [187] "Google Questions and Answers"
## [188] "Wildfire Interactive"
## [189] "BufferBox"
## [190] "SlickLogin"
## [191] "Google Schemer"
## [192] "Google Chrome Frame"
## [193] "Google Notifier"
## [194] "Bump!"
## [195] "Google Offers"
## [196] "Google Currents"
## [197] "Google Checkout"
## [198] "Google Trader"
## [199] "iGoogle"
## [200] "Google Latitude"
## [201] "Google Reader"
## [202] "Nexus Q"
## [203] "Punchd"
## [204] "Building Maker"
## [205] "Google Talk"
## [206] "Google SMS"
## [207] "Google Cloud Connect"
## [208] "Picnik"
## [209] "Google Chart API"
## [210] "Google Mini"
## [211] "AdSense for Feeds"
## [212] "Google Listen"
## [213] "Google Refine"
## [214] "Sparrow"
## [215] "Google Insights for Search"
## [216] "Postini"
## [217] "Google Video"
## [218] "Meebo"
## [219] "Google Commerce Search"
## [220] "Needlebase"
## [221] "Knol"
## [222] "Google Wave"
## [223] "Google Flu Vaccine Finder"
## [224] "Google One Pass"
## [225] "Google Related"
## [226] "Urchin"
## [227] "Slide"
## [228] "Google Friend Connect"
## [229] "Jaiku"
## [230] "Google Code Search"
## [231] "Google Health"
## [232] "Noop Programming Language"
## [233] "Apture"
## [234] "Google Buzz"
## [235] "Gears"
## [236] "Google Notebook"
## [237] "ZygoteBody"
## [238] "Google PowerMeter"
## [239] "Google Squared"
## [240] "Google Sidewiki"
## [241] "Aardvark"
## [242] "Google Pack"
## [243] "Google Desktop"
## [244] "Google Fast Flip"
## [245] "Google Dictionary"
## [246] "Google Labs"
## [247] "Google Rebang"
## [248] "Google Directory"
## [249] "Google Image Swirl"
## [250] "Google Real-Time Search"
## [251] "Google Script Converter"
## [252] "Google Sets"
## [253] "Google Specialized Search"
## [254] "Google Hotpot"
## [255] "Gizmo5"
## [256] "Real Estate On Google Maps"
## [257] "fflick"
## [258] "Google Base"
## [259] "GOOG-411"
## [260] "BumpTop"
## [261] "Google SearchWiki"
## [262] "YouTube Streams"
## [263] "Marratech e-meetings"
## [264] "Google Web APIs"
## [265] "Google Ride Finder"
## [266] "Google Toolbar for Firefox"
## [267] "Google Radio Automation"
## [268] "On2 Flix Cloud"
## [269] "Google Mashup Editor"
## [270] "Google Shared Stuff"
## [271] "Grand Central"
## [272] "Dodgeball"
## [273] "Google Audio Ads"
## [274] "Google Lively"
## [275] "SearchMash"
## [276] "Google Page Creator"
## [277] "Send to Phone"
## [278] "Google Browser Sync"
## [279] "Hello"
## [280] "Google Web Accelerator"
## [281] "Zeitgeist"
## [282] "Google Click-to-Call"
## [283] "Google Video Player"
## [284] "Google Video Marketplace"
## [285] "Google Answers"
## [286] "Writely"
## [287] "Google Public Service Search"
## [288] "Google Deskbar"# Xác định dữ liệu "description" của nguồn dữ liệu gốc "Killed by Google"
desc_link = "https://killedbygoogle.com/"
desc_page = read_html(desc_link)
desc_table = desc_page %>% html_nodes(".e1hf78cm5") %>% html_text()
desc_table## [1] "Google Domains was a domain name registrar operated by Google. It will be over 9 years old."
## [2] "Google Optimize was a web analytics and testing tool that allowed users to run experiments aimed at increasing visitor conversion rates and overall satisfaction. It will be over 11 years old."
## [3] "Google Cloud IoT Core was a managed service designed to let customers securely connect, manage, and ingest data from globally dispersed devices. It will be over 5 years old."
## [4] "Google Album Archive was a platform that allowed users to access and manage their archived photos and videos from various Google services, such as Hangouts and Picasa Web Albums. It will be almost 7 years old."
## [5] "YouTube Stories (originally YouTube Reels) allowed creators to post temporary videos that would expire after seven days. It will be over 5 years old."
## [6] "Killed 5 days ago, Grasshopper was a free mobile and web app for aspiring programmers that taught introductory JavaScript and coding fundamentals using fun, bite-sized puzzles. It was about 5 years old."
## [7] "Killed 7 days ago, Conversational Actions extended the functionality of Google Assistant by allowing 3rd party developers to create custom experiences, or conversations, for users of Google Assistant. It was over 6 years old."
## [8] "Killed 3 months ago, Google Currents was a service that provided social media features similar to Google+ for Google Workspace customers. It was almost 4 years old."
## [9] "Killed 3 months ago, Google Street View app was an Android and iOS app that enabled people to get a 360 degree view of locations around the world. It was over 12 years old."
## [10] "Killed 3 months ago, Jacquard was a small tag to make it easier and more intuitive for people to interact with technology in their everyday lives, without having to constantly pull out their devices or touch screens. It was about 9 years old."
## [11] "Killed 4 months ago, Google Code Jam, Kick Start, and Hash Code were competitive programming competitions open to programmers around the world. It was over 19 years old."
## [12] "Killed 5 months ago, Google Stadia was a cloud gaming service combining a WiFi gaming controller and allowed users to stream gameplay through web browsers, TV, mobile apps, and Chromecast. It was about 3 years old."
## [13] "Killed 5 months ago, Google OnHub was a series of residential wireless routers manufactured by Asus and TP-Link that were powered by Google software, managed by Google apps, and offered enhanced special features like Google Assistant. It was over 7 years old."
## [14] "Killed 6 months ago, YouTube Originals was a variety of original content including scripted series, educational videos, and music and celebrity programming. It was over 6 years old."
## [15] "Killed 6 months ago, Threadit was a tool for recording and sharing short videos. It was almost 2 years old."
## [16] "Killed 7 months ago, Duplex on the Web was a Google Assistant technology that automated tasks on the web on behalf of a user; such as booking movie tickets or making restaurant reservations. It was over 3 years old."
## [17] "Killed 7 months ago, Google Hangouts was a cross-platform instant messaging service. It was over 9 years old."
## [18] "Killed 8 months ago, Google Surveys was a business product by Google aimed at facilitating customized market research. It was over 10 years old."
## [19] "Killed 10 months ago, YouTube Go was an app aimed at making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in emerging markets through special features like downloading video on wifi for viewing later. It was over 5 years old."
## [20] "Killed 11 months ago, Google My Business was an app that allowed businesses to manage their Google Maps Business profiles. It was over 3 years old."
## [21] "Killed 12 months ago, Google Chrome Apps were hosted or packaged web applications that ran on the Google Chrome browser. It was over 11 years old."
## [22] "Killed 12 months ago, Kormo Jobs was an app that allowed users in primarily India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh to help them find jobs nearby that match their skills and interests. It was almost 3 years old."
## [23] "Killed 12 months ago, Android Auto for phone screens was an app that allowed the screen of the phone to be used as an Android Auto interface while driving, intended for vehicles that did not have a compatible screen built in. It was over 2 years old."
## [24] "Killed about 1 year ago, Google Duo was a video calling app that allowed people to call someone from their contact list. It was almost 6 years old."
## [25] "Killed about 1 year ago, G Suite (Legacy Free Edition) was a free tier offering some of the services included in Google's productivity suite. It was over 15 years old."
## [26] "Killed about 1 year ago, Google Assistant Snapshot was the successor to Google Now that provided predictive cards with information and daily updates in the Google app for Android and iOS. It was over 3 years old."
## [27] "Killed over 1 year ago, Cameos on Google allowed celebrities and other public figures to record video responses to the most common questions asked about them which would be shown to users in Google Search results. It was over 3 years old."
## [28] "Killed over 1 year ago, Android Things was an Android-based embedded operating system (originally named Brillo) aimed to run on Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It was over 6 years old."
## [29] "Killed over 1 year ago, AngularJS was a JavaScript open-source front-end web framework based on MVC pattern using a dependency injection technique. It was about 11 years old."
## [30] "Killed over 1 year ago, Streams was a \"clinician support app\" which aimed to improve clinical decision-making and patient safety across hospitals in the United Kingdom. It was about 4 years old."
## [31] "Killed over 1 year ago, Material Gallery is a collaboration tool for UI designers, optimized for Google's Material Design, with mobile preview apps and a Sketch plugin. It was over 3 years old."
## [32] "Killed over 1 year ago, Google Toolbar was a web browser toolbar that provided a search box in web browsers like Internet Explorer and Firefox. It was about 21 years old."
## [33] "Killed over 1 year ago, Google Sites (Classic) allowed users to build and edit websites and wiki portals for private and public use. It was almost 14 years old."
## [34] "Killed over 1 year ago, Your News Update was a service that offered an audio digest of a mix of short news stories chosen at that moment based on a user's interests, location, user history, and preferences, as well as the top news stories out there. It was almost 2 years old."
## [35] "Killed over 1 year ago, My Maps was an Android application that enabled users to create custom maps for personal use or sharing on their mobile device. It was almost 7 years old."
## [36] "Killed over 1 year ago, Backup and Sync was a desktop software tool for Windows and macOS that allowed users to sync files from Google Drive to their local machine. It was over 4 years old."
## [37] "Killed over 1 year ago, Google Bookmarks was a private web-based bookmarking service not integrated with any other Google services. It was almost 16 years old."
## [38] "Killed over 1 year ago, Analytics platform for Google's Dialogflow chatbot & others, started by the Google-funded Area120 incubator then retired and partially merged into Dialogflow itself. It was almost 4 years old."
## [39] "Killed almost 2 years ago, VR180 Creator allowed users to edit video taken on 180-degree and 360-degree devices on multiple operating systems. It was about 3 years old."
## [40] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Posts on Google allowed notable individuals with knowledge graph panels to author specific content that would appear in Google Search results. It was about 9 years old."
## [41] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Fitbit Coach (formerly Fitstar) was a video-based bodyweight workout app that used AI to personalize workouts based on user feedback. It was about 8 years old."
## [42] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Fitstar Yoga was a video-based yoga app that created unique yoga sessions based on user preference and skill level. It was almost 7 years old."
## [43] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Tour Builder allowed users to create and share interactive tours inside Google Earth with photos and videos of locations. It was about 8 years old."
## [44] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Expeditions is a program for providing virtual reality experiences to school classrooms through Google Cardboard viewers, allowing educators to take their students on virtual field trips. It was almost 6 years old."
## [45] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Tour Creator allowed users to build immersive, 360° guided tours that could be viewed with VR devices. It was about 3 years old."
## [46] "Killed almost 2 years ago, Poly was a distribution platform for creators to share 3D objects. It was over 3 years old."
## [47] "Killed about 2 years ago, Google Play Movies & TV, originally Google TV, was an app used to view purchased and rented media and was ultimately replaced with YouTube. It was about 10 years old."
## [48] "Killed about 2 years ago, Measure allowed users to take measurements of everyday objects with their device's camera utilizing ARCore technology. It was about 5 years old."
## [49] "Killed about 2 years ago, Zync render was a cloud render platform for animation and visual effects. It was almost 7 years old."
## [50] "Killed about 2 years ago, Timely Alarm Clock was an Android application providing an alarm, stopwatch, and timer functionality with synchronization across devices. It was almost 8 years old."
## [51] "Killed about 2 years ago, Polymer was an open-source JS library for web components It was almost 6 years old."
## [52] "Killed about 2 years ago, The Google Shopping Mobile App, which had absorbed Google Express when it launched, provided a native shopping experience with a personalized homepage for mobile users. It is now retired and the functionality lives on in the Shopping Tab. It was almost 2 years old."
## [53] "Killed about 2 years ago, Google Public Alerts was an online notification service owned by Google.org that sends safety alerts to various countries. It was over 8 years old."
## [54] "Killed about 2 years ago, (also known as Google Short Links) was a URL shortening service. It also supported custom domain for customers of Google Workspace (formerly G Suite (formerly Google Apps)). It was about 11 years old."
## [55] "Killed about 2 years ago, Google Crisis Map was a website that allowed to create, publish, and share maps by combining layers from anywhere on the web. It was over 9 years old."
## [56] "Killed over 2 years ago, Google Cardboard was a low-cost, virtual reality (VR) platform named after its folded cardboard viewer into which a smartphone was inserted. It was over 6 years old."
## [57] "Killed over 2 years ago, Swift for TensorFlow (S4TF) was a next-generation platform for machine learning with a focus on differentiable programming. It was almost 3 years old."
## [58] "Killed over 2 years ago, Tilt Brush was a room-scale 3D-painting virtual-reality application available from Google, originally developed by Skillman & Hackett. It was almost 5 years old."
## [59] "Killed over 2 years ago, Loon was a service to provide internet access via an array of high-altitude balloons hovering in the Earth's stratosphere It was over 6 years old."
## [60] "Killed over 2 years ago, App Maker was a tool that allowed its users to build and deploy custom business apps easily and securely on the web without writing much code. It was about 4 years old."
## [61] "Killed over 2 years ago, Google Cloud Print allowed users to 'print from anywhere;' to print from web, desktop, or mobile to any Google Cloud Print-connected printer. It was over 10 years old."
## [62] "Killed over 2 years ago, Google Home Max was a large, stereo smart speaker with two tweeters and subwoofers, aux input, and a USB-C input (for wired ethernet) featuring Smart Sound machine learning technology. It was about 3 years old."
## [63] "Killed over 2 years ago, Science Journal was a mobile app that helped you run science experiments with your smartphone using the device's onboard sensors. It was over 4 years old."
## [64] "Killed over 2 years ago, YouTube VR allowed you to easily find and watch 360 videos and virtual reality content with SteamVR-compatible headsets. It was almost 3 years old."
## [65] "Killed over 2 years ago, Trusted Contacts was an app that allowed users to share their location and view the location of specific users. It was almost 4 years old."
## [66] "Killed over 2 years ago, Google Play Music was a music and podcast streaming service, and online music locker. It was almost 9 years old."
## [67] "Killed over 2 years ago, Nest Secure was a security system with an alarm, keypad, and motion sensor with an embedded microphone. It was almost 3 years old."
## [68] "Killed over 2 years ago, YouTube Community Contributions allowed users to contribute translations for video titles or submit descriptions, closed captions or subtitles on YouTube content. It was over 4 years old."
## [69] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Google Hire was an applicant tracking system to help small to medium businesses distribute jobs, identify and attract candidates, build strong relationships with candidates, and efficiently manage the interview process. It was about 3 years old."
## [70] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Password Checkup provided a warning to users if they were using a username and password combination checked against over 4 billion credentials that Google knew to be unsafe. It was over 1 year old."
## [71] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Playground AR (aka AR Stickers) allowed users to place virtual characters and objects in augmented reality via the Camera App on Pixel phones. It was over 2 years old."
## [72] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Focals were a custom-built smart glasses product with a transparent, holographic display that allowed users to read and respond to text messages, navigate turn-by-turn directions, check the weather, and integrate with third-party services like Uber and Amazon Alexa. It was over 1 year old."
## [73] "Killed almost 3 years ago, CallJoy was an Area 120 project that provided phone automation for small-to-medium businesses allowing them to train the bot agent with responses to common customer questions. It was about 1 year old."
## [74] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Google Photos Print was a subscription service that automatically selected the best ten photos from the last thirty days which were mailed to user's homes. It was 5 months old."
## [75] "Killed almost 3 years ago, Pigeon Transit was a transit app that used crowdsourced information about delays, crowded trains, escalator outages, live entertainment, dirty or unsafe conditions. It was almost 2 years old."
## [76] "Killed about 3 years ago, Enhanced 404 Pages was a JavaScript library that added suggested URLs and a search box to a website's 404 Not Found page. It was over 11 years old."
## [77] "Killed about 3 years ago, Shoelace was an app used to find group activities with others who share your interests. It was 11 months old."
## [78] "Killed about 3 years ago, Neighbourly was a mobile app designed to help you learn about your neighborhood by asking other residents, and find out about local services and facilities in your area from people who live around you. It was almost 2 years old."
## [79] "Killed about 3 years ago, Fabric was a platform that helped mobile teams build better apps, understand their users, and grow their business. It was over 5 years old."
## [80] "Killed about 3 years ago, Google Contributor was a program run by Google that allowed users in the Google Network of content sites to view the websites without any advertisements that are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. It was over 5 years old."
## [81] "Killed over 3 years ago, Material Theme Editor is a plugin for Sketch App which allows you to create a material-based design system for your app. It was almost 2 years old."
## [82] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Station is a service that gives partners an easy set of tools to roll out Wi-Fi hotspots in public places. Google Station provides software and guidance on hardware to turn fiber connections into fast, reliable, and safe Wi-Fi zones. It was over 4 years old."
## [83] "Killed over 3 years ago, One Today was an app that allowed users to donate $1 to different organizations and discover how their donation would be used. It was almost 7 years old."
## [84] "Killed over 3 years ago, Androidify allowed users to create a custom Android avatar for themselves and others. It was almost 9 years old."
## [85] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Fiber TV was an IPTV service that was bundled with Google Fiber. It was about 7 years old."
## [86] "Killed over 3 years ago, Field Trip was a mobile app that acted as a virtual tour guide by cross-referencing multiple sources of information to provide users information about points of interest near them. It was over 7 years old."
## [87] "Killed over 3 years ago, AdSense (mobile app) allowed users to manage their AdSense accounts in a native app for iOS and Android. It was over 6 years old."
## [88] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Correlate was a service that provided users information about how strongly the frequency of multiple search terms correlates with each other over a specified time interval. It was over 8 years old."
## [89] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Translator Toolkit was a web application which allowed translators to edit and manage translations generated by Google Translate. It was over 10 years old."
## [90] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Fusion Tables was a web service for data management that provided a means for visualizing data in different charts, maps, and graphs. It was over 10 years old."
## [91] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Bulletin was a hyperlocal news service where users could post news from their neighborhood and allow others in the same areas to hear those stories. It was almost 2 years old."
## [92] "Killed over 3 years ago, Touring Bird was an Area 120 incubator project which helped users compare prices, book tours, tickets, and experiences, and learn about top destinations around the world. It was about 1 year old."
## [93] "Killed over 3 years ago, Game Builder was a multiplayer 3D game environment for creating new games without coding experience. It was 5 months old."
## [94] "Killed over 3 years ago, Datally (formerly Triangle) was a smart app by Google that helped you save, manage, and share your mobile data. It was over 2 years old."
## [95] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Clips was a miniature clip-on camera that could automatically capture interesting or relevant video clips determined by machine learning algorithms. It was about 2 years old."
## [96] "Killed over 3 years ago, Google Daydream was a virtual reality platform and set of hardware devices that worked with certain Android phones. It was almost 3 years old."
## [97] "Killed over 3 years ago, YouTube Leanback was an optimized version of YouTube used for television web browsers and WebView application wrappers. It was about 9 years old."
## [98] "Killed over 3 years ago, Message Center is a web console where Gmail users view and manage spam email messages. It was almost 6 years old."
## [99] "Killed over 3 years ago, Follow Your World allowed users to register points of interest on Google Maps and receive email updates whenever the imagery is updated. It was over 8 years old."
## [100] "Killed over 3 years ago, G Suite Training (previously known as Synergyse) provided interactive and video-based training for 20 Google G Suite products in nine languages through a website and a Chrome extension. It was over 6 years old."
## [101] "Killed almost 4 years ago, YouTube Messages was a direct messaging feature that allowed users to share and discuss videos one-on-one and in groups on YouTube. It was about 2 years old."
## [102] "Killed almost 4 years ago, YouTube for Nintendo 3DS allowed users to stream YouTube videos on the portable gaming console. It was almost 6 years old."
## [103] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Works with Nest was an API that allowed external services to access and control Nest devices. This enabled the devices to be used with third-party home automation platforms and devices. It was about 5 years old."
## [104] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Google Trips was a mobile app that allowed users to plan for upcoming travel by facilitating flight, hotel, car, and restaurant reservations from user's email alongside summarized info about the user's destination. It was almost 3 years old."
## [105] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Hangouts on Air allowed users to host a multi-user video call while recording and streaming the call on YouTube. It was almost 8 years old."
## [106] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Personal Blocklist was a Chrome Web Extension by Google that allowed users to block certain websites from appearing in Google search results. It was over 8 years old."
## [107] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Dragonfly was a search engine designed to be compatible with China's state censorship provisions. It was 11 months old."
## [108] "Killed almost 4 years ago, Google Jump was a cloud-based VR media solution that enabled 3D-360 media production by integrating customized capture solutions with best-in-class automated stitching. It was about 4 years old."
## [109] "Killed about 4 years ago, Blog Compass was a blog management tool that integrated with WordPress and Blogger available only in India. It was 9 months old."
## [110] "Killed about 4 years ago, Areo was a mobile app that allowed users in Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Gurgaon, and Pune to order meals from nearby restaurants or schedule appointments with local service professionals, including electricians, painters, cleaners, plumbers, and more. It was about 2 years old."
## [111] "Killed about 4 years ago, YouTube Gaming was a video gaming-oriented service and app for videos and live streaming. It was almost 4 years old."
## [112] "Killed about 4 years ago, Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) was a notification service that enabled developers to send messages between servers and client apps running on Android or Chrome. It was almost 7 years old."
## [113] "Killed about 4 years ago, Data Saver was an extension for Chrome that routed web pages through Google servers to compress and reduce the user's bandwidth. It was about 4 years old."
## [114] "Killed about 4 years ago, Inbox by Gmail aimed to improve email through several key features. It was almost 4 years old."
## [115] "Killed about 4 years ago, Google+ was an Internet-based social network. It was almost 8 years old."
## [116] "Killed about 4 years ago, Google URL Shortener, also known as goo.gl, was a URL shortening service. It was over 9 years old."
## [117] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Spotlight Stories was an app and content studio project which created immersive stories for mobile and VR. It was over 5 years old."
## [118] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Allo was an instant messaging mobile app for Android, iOS, and Web with special features like a virtual assistant and encrypted mode. It was over 2 years old."
## [119] "Killed over 4 years ago, Mr. Jingles (aka Google Notification Widget) displayed alerts and notifications from across multiple Google services. It was almost 4 years old."
## [120] "Killed over 4 years ago, YouTube Video Annotations allowed video creators to add interactive commentary to their videos containing background information, branching (\"choose your own adventure\" style) stories, or links to any YouTube video, channel, or search results page. It was over 10 years old."
## [121] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Realtime API provided ways to synchronize resources between devices. It operated on files stored on Google Drive. It was almost 6 years old."
## [122] "Killed over 4 years ago, Chromecast Audio was a device that allowed users to stream audio from any device to any speaker with an audio input. It was over 3 years old."
## [123] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Search Appliance was a rack-mounted device that provided document indexing functionality. It was almost 17 years old."
## [124] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Nearby Notifications were a proximity marketing tool using Bluetooth beacons and location-based data to serve content relevant to an Android user's real-world location. It was over 3 years old."
## [125] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google Pinyin IME was an input method that allowed users on multiple operating systems to input characters from pinyin, the romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese. It was over 11 years old."
## [126] "Killed over 4 years ago, Google News & Weather was a news aggregator application available on the Android and iOS operating systems. It was about 2 years old."
## [127] "Killed over 4 years ago, Reply was a mobile app that let users insert Smart Replies (pre-defined replies) into conversations on messaging apps. It was 8 months old."
## [128] "Killed almost 5 years ago, Tez was a mobile payments service by Google, targeted at users in India. It was rebranded to Google Pay. It was 11 months old."
## [129] "Killed almost 5 years ago, Google Goggles was used for searches based on pictures taken by handheld devices. It was almost 8 years old."
## [130] "Killed almost 5 years ago, Save to Google Chrome Extension enabled you to quickly save a page link with image and tags to a Pocket-like app. It was over 2 years old."
## [131] "Killed about 5 years ago, Google Play Newsstand was a news aggregator and digital newsstand service. It was over 4 years old."
## [132] "Killed about 5 years ago, Encrypted Search provided users with anonymous internet searching. It was almost 8 years old."
## [133] "Killed about 5 years ago, Google Cloud Prediction API was a PaaS for machine learning (ML) functionality to help developers build ML models to create application features such as recommendation systems, spam detection, and purchase prediction. It was almost 8 years old."
## [134] "Killed about 5 years ago, A service that Google developed for long-tail travel clients. ITA Software will create a new, easier way for users to find better flight information online, which should encourage more users to make their flight purchases online. It was almost 8 years old."
## [135] "Killed about 5 years ago, Google's Site Search was a service that enabled any website to add a custom search field powered by Google. It was over 9 years old."
## [136] "Killed about 5 years ago, reCAPTCHA Mailhide allowed users to mask their email address behind a captcha to prevent robots from scraping the email and sending spam. It was almost 8 years old."
## [137] "Killed over 5 years ago, SoundStage was a virtual reality music sandbox built specifically for room-scale VR. It was over 1 year old."
## [138] "Killed over 5 years ago, Project Tango was an API for augmented reality apps that was killed and replaced by ARCore. It was about 3 years old."
## [139] "Killed over 5 years ago, Portfolios was a feature available in Google Finance to track personal financial securities. It was over 11 years old."
## [140] "Killed over 5 years ago, YouTube Video Editor was a web-based tool for editing, merging, and adding special effects to video content. It was over 7 years old."
## [141] "Killed almost 6 years ago, Trendalyzer was a data trend viewing platform. It was over 10 years old."
## [142] "Killed almost 6 years ago, Glass OS (Google XE) was a version of Google's Android operating system designed for Google Glass. It was about 4 years old."
## [143] "Killed about 6 years ago, Google Map Maker was a mapping and map editing service where users were able to draw features directly onto a map. It was almost 9 years old."
## [144] "Killed over 6 years ago, Chromebook Pixel was a first-of-its-kind laptop built by Google that ran Chrome OS, a Linux kernel-based operating system. It was about 4 years old."
## [145] "Killed over 6 years ago, Google Spaces was an app for group discussions and messaging. It was 9 months old."
## [146] "Killed over 6 years ago, Google Hands Free was a mobile payment system that allowed users to pay their bill using Bluetooth to connect to payment terminals by saying 'I'll pay with Google.' It was 11 months old."
## [147] "Killed over 6 years ago, Build with Chrome was a collaboration between Chrome and the LEGO Group that allowed users to build and publish LEGO creations to any digital plot of land in the world through Google Maps. It was about 3 years old."
## [148] "Killed over 6 years ago, Google Gesture Search allowed users to search contacts, applications, settings, music, and bookmark on their Android device by drawing letters or numbers onto the screen. It was almost 7 years old."
## [149] "Killed over 6 years ago, Panoramio was a geo-location tagging and photo sharing product. It was about 11 years old."
## [150] "Killed over 6 years ago, Google Showtimes was a standalone movie search result page. It was about 11 years old."
## [151] "Killed over 6 years ago, Pixate was a platform for creating sophisticated animations and interactions, and refining your designs through 100% native prototypes for iOS and Android. It was over 4 years old."
## [152] "Killed over 6 years ago, Google Nexus was Google's line of flagship Android phones, tablets, and accessories. It was over 6 years old."
## [153] "Killed over 6 years ago, Together was a watch face for Android Wear that let two users link their watches together to share small visual messages. It was about 1 year old."
## [154] "Killed almost 7 years ago, Project Ara was a modular smartphone project under development by Google. It was almost 3 years old."
## [155] "Killed almost 7 years ago, Web hosting in Google Drive allowed users to publish live websites by uploading HTML, CSS, and other files. It was almost 4 years old."
## [156] "Killed almost 7 years ago, Google Swiffy was a web-based tool that converted SWF files to HTML5. It was about 5 years old."
## [157] "Killed almost 7 years ago, Google Wallet Card was a prepaid debit card that let users pay for things in person and online using their Wallet balance at any retailer that accepted MasterCard. It was over 2 years old."
## [158] "Killed about 7 years ago, Nexus Player was a digital media player that allowed users to play music, watch video originating from Internet services or a local network, and play games. It was over 1 year old."
## [159] "Killed about 7 years ago, Revolv was a monitoring and control system that allowed users to control their connected devices from a single hub. It was about 4 years old."
## [160] "Killed about 7 years ago, Freebase was a large collaborative knowledge base consisting of structured data composed mainly by its community members, developed by Metaweb(acquired by Google). It was about 9 years old."
## [161] "Killed about 7 years ago, Google Now was a feature of Google Search that offered predictive cards with information and daily updates in Chrome and the Google app for Android and iOS. It was almost 4 years old."
## [162] "Killed about 7 years ago, MyTracks was a GPS tracking application for Android which allowed users to track their path, speed, distance, and elevation. It was about 7 years old."
## [163] "Killed about 7 years ago, uWeave (pronounced “micro weave”) was an implementation of the Weave protocol intended for use on microcontroller-based devices. It was 4 months old."
## [164] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Compare allowed consumers to compare several offers ranging from insurance, mortgage, and credit cards. It was about 1 year old."
## [165] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Maps Coordinate was a service for managing mobile workforces with the help of mobile apps and a web-based dashboard. It was over 3 years old."
## [166] "Killed over 7 years ago, Pie was a work-centric group chat website and app comparable to Slack. It was over 2 years old."
## [167] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Maps Engine was an online tool for map creation. It enabled you to create layered maps using your data as well as Google Maps data. It was over 2 years old."
## [168] "Killed over 7 years ago, Songza was a free music streaming service that would recommend its users' various playlists based on time of day and mood or activity. It was about 8 years old."
## [169] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Code was a service that provided revision control, an issue tracker, and a wiki for code documentation. It was almost 11 years old."
## [170] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Blog Search API was a way to search blogs utilizing Google. It was over 10 years old."
## [171] "Killed over 7 years ago, Google Earth Browser Plug-in allowed developers to embed Google Earth into web pages and included a JavaScript API for custom 3D drawing and interaction. It was over 7 years old."
## [172] "Killed over 7 years ago, Timeful was an iOS to-do list and calendar application, developed to reinvent the way that people manage their most precious resource of time. It was almost 4 years old."
## [173] "Killed over 7 years ago, Picasa was an image organizer and image viewer for organizing and editing digital photos. It was almost 13 years old."
## [174] "Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Flu Trends was a service attempting to make accurate predictions about flu activity. It was almost 7 years old."
## [175] "Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Catalogs was a shopping application that delivered the virtual catalogs of large retailers to users. It was almost 4 years old."
## [176] "Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Moderator was a service that used crowdsourcing to rank user-submitted questions, suggestions, and ideas. It was almost 7 years old."
## [177] "Killed about 8 years ago, Android @ Home allowed a user’s device to discover, connect, and communicate with devices and appliances in the home. It was about 4 years old."
## [178] "Killed about 8 years ago, Google Helpouts was an online collaboration service where users could share their expertise through live video. It was over 1 year old."
## [179] "Killed about 8 years ago, YouTube for PlayStation Vita was a native YouTube browsing and viewing application for the PS Vita and PSTV game consoles. It was over 2 years old."
## [180] "Killed over 8 years ago, BebaPay was a form of electronic ticketing platform in Nairobi, Kenya that was developed by Google in partnership with Equity Bank. It was almost 2 years old."
## [181] "Killed over 8 years ago, Google Play Edition devices were a series of Android smartphones and tablets sold by Google. It was over 1 year old."
## [182] "Killed over 8 years ago, Google Glass Explorer Edition was a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display and camera that allows the wearer to interact with various applications and the Internet via natural language voice commands. It was almost 2 years old."
## [183] "Killed over 8 years ago, Word Lens translated text in real time on images by using the viewfinder of a device's camera without the need of an internet connection; The technology was rolled into Google Translate. It was about 4 years old."
## [184] "Killed over 8 years ago, Orkut was a social network designed to help users meet new and old friends and maintain existing relationships. It was over 10 years old."
## [185] "Killed almost 9 years ago, Google TV was a smart TV platform that integrated Android and Chrome to create an interactive television overlay. It was over 3 years old."
## [186] "Killed almost 9 years ago, Quickoffice was a productivity suite for mobile devices which allowed the viewing, creating and editing of documents, presentations and spreadsheets. It was 9 months old."
## [187] "Killed almost 9 years ago, Google Questions and Answers was a free knowledge market that allowed users to collaboratively find answers to their questions. It was almost 7 years old."
## [188] "Killed over 9 years ago, Wildfire by Google was a social marketing application that enabled businesses to create, optimize and measure their presence on social networks. It was over 1 year old."
## [189] "Killed over 9 years ago, BufferBox was a Canadian startup that provided consumers 24/7 convenience of picking up their online purchases. It was about 1 year old."
## [190] "Killed over 9 years ago, SlickLogin was an Israeli start-up company which developed sound-based password alternatives, was acquired by Google and hasn't released anything since. It was 7 months old."
## [191] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Schemer was a Google service for sharing and discovering things to do. It was over 2 years old."
## [192] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Chrome Frame was a plugin for Internet Explorer that allowed web pages to be displayed using WebKit and the V8 JavaScript engine. It was over 3 years old."
## [193] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Notifier alerted users to new emails on their Gmail account. It was about 9 years old."
## [194] "Killed over 9 years ago, Bump! was an iOS and Android mobile app that enabled smartphone users to transfer contact information, photos, and files between devices. It was almost 5 years old."
## [195] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Offers was a service offering discounts and coupons. Initially, it was a deal of the day website similar to Groupon. It was over 2 years old."
## [196] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Currents was a social magazine app by Google, which was replaced by Google Play Newsstand. It was almost 2 years old."
## [197] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Checkout was an online payment processing service that aimed to simplify the process of paying for online purchases. It was over 7 years old."
## [198] "Killed over 9 years ago, Google Trader was a classifieds service run by Google in Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, and Nigeria to help customers trade goods and services online. It was almost 3 years old."
## [199] "Killed over 9 years ago, iGoogle was a customizable Ajax-based start page or personal web portal. It was over 8 years old."
## [200] "Killed almost 10 years ago, Google Latitude was a location-aware feature of Google Maps, a successor to an earlier SMS-based service Dodgeball. It was over 4 years old."
## [201] "Killed almost 10 years ago, Google Reader was an RSS/Atom feed aggregator. It was over 7 years old."
## [202] "Killed almost 10 years ago, Nexus Q was a digital media player that allowed users with Android devices to stream content from supported services to a connected television or speakers via an integrated amplifier. It was about 1 year old."
## [203] "Killed about 10 years ago, Punchd was a digital loyalty card app and service targeted towards small businesses that originated as a student project at Cal Poly in 2009 and was acquired by Google in 2011. It was almost 2 years old."
## [204] "Killed about 10 years ago, Building Maker enabled users to create 3D models of buildings for Google Earth on the browser. It was over 3 years old."
## [205] "Killed about 10 years ago, Often remembered as 'Gchat', Google Talk was a messaging service for both text and voice using XMPP. It was over 7 years old."
## [206] "Killed about 10 years ago, Google SMS let you text questions- including weather, sports scores, word definitions, and more- to 466453 and get an answer back. It was over 8 years old."
## [207] "Killed about 10 years ago, Google Cloud Connect was a free cloud computing plugin for multiple versions of Microsoft Office that automatically stored and synchronized files to Google Docs. It was about 5 years old."
## [208] "Killed about 10 years ago, Picnik was an online photo editing service that allowed users to edit, style, crop, and resize images. It was over 6 years old."
## [209] "Killed over 10 years ago, Google Chart API was an interactive Web service that created graphical charts from user-supplied data. It was about 5 years old."
## [210] "Killed over 10 years ago, Google Mini was a smaller version of the Google Search Appliance. It was about 5 years old."
## [211] "Killed over 10 years ago, AdSense for Feeds was an RSS-based service for AdSense that allowed publishers to advertise on their RSS Feeds. It was over 4 years old."
## [212] "Killed over 10 years ago, Google Listen was an Android application that let you search, subscribe, download, and stream podcasts and web audio. It was about 3 years old."
## [213] "Killed over 10 years ago, Google Refine was a standalone desktop application for data cleanup and transformation to other formats. It was almost 2 years old."
## [214] "Killed over 10 years ago, Sparrow was an email client for OS X and iOS. Google acquired and then killed it. It was over 1 year old."
## [215] "Killed over 10 years ago, Google Insights for Search was a service used to provide data about terms people searched in Google and was merged into Google Trends. It was about 4 years old."
## [216] "Killed almost 11 years ago, Postini was an e-mail, Web security, and archiving service that filtered e-mail spam and malware (before it was delivered to a client's mail server), e-mail archiving. It was about 13 years old."
## [217] "Killed almost 11 years ago, Google Video was a free video hosting service from Google, similar to YouTube, that allowed video clips to be hosted on Google servers and embedded onto other websites. It was over 7 years old."
## [218] "Killed almost 11 years ago, Meebo was a browser-based instant messaging application which supported multiple IM services. It was almost 7 years old."
## [219] "Killed almost 11 years ago, Google Commerce Search was an enterprise search service that powered online retail stores and e-commerce websites that improved speed and accuracy. It was over 2 years old."
## [220] "Killed about 11 years ago, Needlebase was a point-and-click tool for extracting, sorting and visualizing data from across pages around the web. It was about 1 year old."
## [221] "Killed about 11 years ago, Knol was a Google project that aimed to include user-written articles on a range of topics. It was almost 4 years old."
## [222] "Killed about 11 years ago, Google Wave was an online communication and collaborative real-time editor tool. It was over 2 years old."
## [223] "Killed about 11 years ago, Google Flu Vaccine Finder was a maps mash-up that showed nearby vaccination places across the United States. It was over 2 years old."
## [224] "Killed about 11 years ago, Google One Pass was an online store developed by Google for media publishers looking to sell subscriptions to their content. It was about 1 year old."
## [225] "Killed about 11 years ago, Google Related was introduced to be an experimental navigation assistant launched to help people find useful and interesting information while surfing the web. It was 8 months old."
## [226] "Killed about 11 years ago, Urchin was a web statistics analysis program developed by Urchin Software Corporation. It analyzed web server log file content and displayed the traffic information on that website based upon the log data. It was almost 7 years old."
## [227] "Killed over 11 years ago, Slide was a photo sharing software for social networking services such as MySpace and Facebook. Later Slide began to make applications and became the largest developer of third-party applications for Facebook. It was almost 7 years old."
## [228] "Killed over 11 years ago, Google Friend Connect was a free social networking site from 2008 to 2012. It was almost 4 years old."
## [229] "Killed over 11 years ago, Jaiku was a social networking, micro-blogging and lifestreaming service comparable to Twitter. It was almost 6 years old."
## [230] "Killed over 11 years ago, Google Code Search was a free beta product which allowed users to search for open-source code on the Internet. It was over 5 years old."
## [231] "Killed over 11 years ago, Google Health was a personal health information centralization service that provided users a merged health record from multiple sources. It was over 3 years old."
## [232] "Killed over 11 years ago, Noop was a project by Google engineers Alex Eagle and Christian Gruber aiming to develop a new programming language that attempted to blend the best features of 'old' and 'new' languages and best practices. It was almost 3 years old."
## [233] "Killed over 11 years ago, Apture was a service that allowed publishers and bloggers to link and incorporate multimedia into a dynamic layer above their pages. It was over 4 years old."
## [234] "Killed over 11 years ago, Google Buzz was a social networking, microblogging and messaging tool that integrated with Gmail. It was almost 2 years old."
## [235] "Killed over 11 years ago, Gears (aka Google Gears) was utility software that aimed to create more powerful web apps by adding offline storage and other additional features to web browsers. It was over 4 years old."
## [236] "Killed over 11 years ago, Google Notebook allowed users to save and organize clips of information while conducting research online. It was over 3 years old."
## [237] "Killed over 11 years ago, ZygoteBody, formerly Google Body, is a web application by Zygote Media Group that renders manipulable 3D anatomical models of the human body. It was 10 months old."
## [238] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google PowerMeter was a software project of Google's philanthropic arm that helped consumers track their home electricity usage. It was almost 2 years old."
## [239] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Squared was an information extraction and relationship extraction product that compiled structured data into a spreadsheet-like format. It was over 2 years old."
## [240] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Sidewiki was a browser sidebar tool that allowed users to contribute information to any web page. It was almost 2 years old."
## [241] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Aardvark was a social search service that connected users live with friends or friends-of-friends who were able to answer their questions. It was over 2 years old."
## [242] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Pack was a collection of software tools offered by Google to download in a single archive. It was announced at the 2006 Consumer Electronics Show, on January 6. Google Pack was only available for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7. It was over 5 years old."
## [243] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Desktop allowed local searches of a user's emails, computer files, music, photos, chats and Web pages viewed. It was over 3 years old."
## [244] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Fast Flip was an online news aggregator, something of a high tech microfiche. It was almost 2 years old."
## [245] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Dictionary was a standalone online dictionary service. It was over 1 year old."
## [246] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Labs was a technology playground used by Google to demonstrate and test new projects. It was about 9 years old."
## [247] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Rebang was a Zeitgeist-like service centered on providing service to a Chinese audience. It was incorporated into Google Labs as of late 2010, and later discontinued along with its parent project. It was over 4 years old."
## [248] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Directory was an Internet website directory organized into 14 main categories that allowed users to explore the web. It was over 11 years old."
## [249] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Image Swirl was an enhancement to the image search tool that came out of Google Labs. It is built on top of image search by grouping images with similar visual and semantic qualities. It was over 1 year old."
## [250] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Real-Time Search provided live search results from Twitter, Facebook, and news websites. It was over 1 year old."
## [251] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Script Converter was an online transliteration tool for transliteration (script conversion) between Hindi, Romanagari, and various other scripts. It's ended because Google shut down Google Labs and all associated projects. It was over 1 year old."
## [252] "Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Sets generates a list of items when users enter a few examples. For example, entering \"Green, Purple, Red\" emits the list \"Green, Purple, Red, Blue, Black, White, Yellow, Orange, Brown\". It was about 9 years old."
## [253] "Killed about 12 years ago, Google Specialized Search allowed users to search across a limited index of the web for specialized topics like Linux, Microsoft, and 'Uncle Sam.' It was over 13 years old."
## [254] "Killed about 12 years ago, Google Hotpot was a local recommendation engine that allowed people to rate restaurants, hotels, etc. and share them with friends. It was 5 months old."
## [255] "Killed about 12 years ago, Gizmo5 was a VOIP communications network and a proprietary freeware soft phone for that network. It was over 1 year old."
## [256] "Killed over 12 years ago, Real Estate on Google Maps enabled users to find places for sale or rent in an area they were interested in. It was over 1 year old."
## [257] "Killed over 12 years ago, fflick was a review, information, and news website that used information from aggregated Tweets to rate movies as positive or negative. It was 6 months old."
## [258] "Killed over 12 years ago, Google Base was a database provided by Google into which any user can add almost any type of content, such as text, images, and structured information. It was about 5 years old."
## [259] "Killed over 12 years ago, GOOG-411 (or Google Voice Local Search) was a telephone service that provided a speech-recognition-based business directory search. It was over 3 years old."
## [260] "Killed about 13 years ago, BumpTop was a skeuomorphic desktop environment app that simulates the normal behavior and physical properties of a real-world desk and enhances it with automatic tools to organize its contents. It was about 2 years old."
## [261] "Killed over 13 years ago, SearchWiki was a Google Search feature which allowed logged-in users to annotate and re-order search results. It was over 1 year old."
## [262] "Killed over 13 years ago, YouTube Streams allowed users to watch a YouTube video together while chatting about the video in real-time. It was about 3 years old."
## [263] "Killed over 13 years ago, Marratech was a Swedish company that made software for e-meetings (e.g., web conferencing, videoconferencing). It was about 11 years old."
## [264] "Killed over 13 years ago, The Google Web APIs were a free SOAP service for doing Google searches so that developers could use the results in almost any way they wanted. It was over 7 years old."
## [265] "Killed over 13 years ago, Google Ride Finder was a service that used GPS data to pinpoint and map the location of taxis, limos, and shuttle vehicles available for hire in 10 U.S. metro areas. It was over 4 years old."
## [266] "Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Toolbar for Firefox It was about 4 years old."
## [267] "Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Radio Automation was a hardware and software service used by radio operators to automate song playing among other radio station functions. It was over 2 years old."
## [268] "Killed almost 14 years ago, Flix Cloud was a high-capacity online video encoding service. It was 9 months old."
## [269] "Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Mashup Editor was an online web mashup creation service with publishing, syntax highlighting, and debugging. It was about 2 years old."
## [270] "Killed about 14 years ago, Google Shared Stuff was a web page sharing system that allowed users to bookmark pages and share them. It was over 1 year old."
## [271] "Killed over 14 years ago, Grand Central was a Voice over IP service that was acquired by Google, and turned into Google Voice. It was about 4 years old."
## [272] "Killed over 14 years ago, Dodgeball was a location-based social network where users texted their location to the service, and it notified them of friends and points of interest nearby. It was over 5 years old."
## [273] "Killed over 14 years ago, Google Audio Ads service allowed advertisers to run campaigns on AM/FM radio stations in the US using the AdWords interface. It was 7 months old."
## [274] "Killed over 14 years ago, Google Lively was a web-based virtual environment that provided a new way to access information. It was 6 months old."
## [275] "Killed over 14 years ago, SearchMash was an experimental, non-branded search engine that Google used to be able to play around with new search technologies, concepts, and interfaces. It was about 2 years old."
## [276] "Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Page Creator was a website creation and hosting service that allowed users to build basic websites with no HTML knowledge. It was about 2 years old."
## [277] "Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Send to Phone was an add-on to send links and other information from Firefox to their phone by text message. It was almost 2 years old."
## [278] "Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Browser Sync was a Firefox extension that synced information like passwords and browsing history. It was about 2 years old."
## [279] "Killed about 15 years ago, Hello was a service by Picasa that let users share pictures \"like you're sitting side-by-side.\" It was almost 6 years old."
## [280] "Killed over 15 years ago, Google Web Accelerator was a client-side software that increased the load speed of web pages. It was over 2 years old."
## [281] "Killed over 15 years ago, Google Zeitgeist was a weekly, monthly, and yearly snapshot in time of what people were searching for on Google all over the world. It was almost 7 years old."
## [282] "Killed over 15 years ago, Google Click-to-Call allowed a user to speak directly over the phone to businesses found in search results. It was almost 4 years old."
## [283] "Killed almost 16 years ago, The Google Video Player plays back files in Google's own Google Video File (.gvi) media format and supported playlists in 'Google Video Pointer' (.gvp) format. It was 12 months old."
## [284] "Killed almost 16 years ago, Google Video Marketplace was a service that included a store where videos could be bought and rented. It was over 1 year old."
## [285] "Killed over 16 years ago, Google Answers was an online knowledge market. It was over 4 years old."
## [286] "Killed over 16 years ago, Writely was a Web-based word processor. It was about 1 year old."
## [287] "Killed almost 17 years ago, Google Public Service Search provided governmental, non-profit and academic organizational search results without ads. It was over 4 years old."
## [288] "Killed about 17 years ago, Google Deskbar was a small inset window on the Windows toolbar and allowed users to perform searches without leaving the desktop. It was over 2 years old."# Kết hợp 3 dữ liệu thành 1 data frame gọi là "killed by google"
killed_by_google = data.frame(time_table, product_table, desc_table)
data.frame(killed_by_google)## time_table product_table
## 1 September2023 Google Domains
## 2 September2023 Google Optimize
## 3 August2023 Google Cloud IoT Core
## 4 July2023 Google Album Archive
## 5 June2023 YouTube Stories
## 6 2018 - 2023 Grasshopper
## 7 2016 - 2023 Conversational Actions
## 8 2019 - 2023 Google Currents (2019)
## 9 2010 - 2023 Google Street View (standalone app)
## 10 2014 - 2023 Jacquard
## 11 2003 - 2023 Google Code Competitions
## 12 2019 - 2023 Google Stadia
## 13 2015 - 2023 Google OnHub
## 14 2016 - 2022 YouTube Originals
## 15 2021 - 2022 Threadit
## 16 2019 - 2022 Duplex on the Web
## 17 2013 - 2022 Google Hangouts
## 18 2012 - 2022 Google Surveys
## 19 2017 - 2022 YouTube Go
## 20 2018 - 2022 Google My Business (app)
## 21 2010 - 2022 Google Chrome Apps
## 22 2019 - 2022 Kormo Jobs
## 23 2019 - 2022 Android Auto for phone screens
## 24 2016 - 2022 Google Duo
## 25 2006 - 2022 G Suite (Legacy Free Edition)
## 26 2018 - 2022 Google Assistant Snapshot
## 27 2018 - 2022 Cameos on Google
## 28 2015 - 2022 Android Things
## 29 2010 - 2021 AngularJS
## 30 2017 - 2021 Streams
## 31 2018 - 2021 Material Gallery
## 32 2000 - 2021 Google Toolbar
## 33 2008 - 2021 Google Sites (Classic)
## 34 2019 - 2021 Your News Update
## 35 2014 - 2021 Google My Maps
## 36 2017 - 2021 Backup and Sync
## 37 2005 - 2021 Google Bookmarks
## 38 2017 - 2021 Chatbase
## 39 2018 - 2021 VR180 Creator
## 40 2012 - 2021 Posts on Google
## 41 2013 - 2021 Fitbit Coach
## 42 2014 - 2021 Fitstar Yoga
## 43 2013 - 2021 Tour Builder
## 44 2015 - 2021 Expeditions
## 45 2018 - 2021 Tour Creator
## 46 2017 - 2021 Poly
## 47 2011 - 2021 Google Play Movies & TV
## 48 2016 - 2021 Measure
## 49 2014 - 2021 Zync Render
## 50 2013 - 2021 Timely
## 51 2015 - 2021 Polymer
## 52 2019 - 2021 Google Shopping Mobile App
## 53 2012 - 2021 Google Public Alerts
## 54 2010 - 2021 Google Go Links
## 55 2011 - 2021 Google Crisis Map
## 56 2014 - 2021 Google Cardboard
## 57 2018 - 2021 Swift for TensorFlow
## 58 2016 - 2021 Tilt Brush
## 59 2014 - 2021 Loon
## 60 2016 - 2021 App Maker
## 61 2010 - 2020 Google Cloud Print
## 62 2017 - 2020 Google Home Max
## 63 2016 - 2020 Science Journal
## 64 2017 - 2020 YouTube VR (SteamVR)
## 65 2016 - 2020 Trusted Contacts
## 66 2011 - 2020 Google Play Music
## 67 2017 - 2020 Nest Secure
## 68 2016 - 2020 YouTube Community Contributions
## 69 2017 - 2020 Hire by Google
## 70 2019 - 2020 Password Checkup extension
## 71 2017 - 2020 Playground AR
## 72 2019 - 2020 Focals by North
## 73 2019 - 2020 CallJoy
## 74 2020 - 2020 Google Photos Print
## 75 2018 - 2020 Pigeon Transit
## 76 2008 - 2020 Enhanced 404 Pages
## 77 2019 - 2020 Shoelace
## 78 2018 - 2020 Neighbourly
## 79 2014 - 2020 Fabric
## 80 2014 - 2020 Google Contributor
## 81 2018 - 2020 Material Theme Editor
## 82 2015 - 2020 Google Station
## 83 2013 - 2020 One Today
## 84 2011 - 2020 Androidify
## 85 2012 - 2020 Google Fiber TV
## 86 2012 - 2019 Field Trip
## 87 2013 - 2019 AdSense (mobile app)
## 88 2011 - 2019 Google Correlate
## 89 2009 - 2019 Google Translator Toolkit
## 90 2009 - 2019 Google Fusion Tables
## 91 2018 - 2019 Google Bulletin
## 92 2018 - 2019 Touring Bird
## 93 2019 - 2019 Game Builder
## 94 2017 - 2019 Datally
## 95 2017 - 2019 Google Clips
## 96 2016 - 2019 Google Daydream
## 97 2010 - 2019 YouTube Leanback
## 98 2013 - 2019 Message Center
## 99 2011 - 2019 Follow Your World
## 100 2013 - 2019 G Suite Training
## 101 2017 - 2019 YouTube Messages
## 102 2013 - 2019 YouTube for Nintendo 3DS
## 103 2014 - 2019 Works with Nest API
## 104 2016 - 2019 Google Trips
## 105 2011 - 2019 Hangouts on Air
## 106 2011 - 2019 Personal Blocklist
## 107 2018 - 2019 Dragonfly
## 108 2015 - 2019 Google Jump
## 109 2018 - 2019 Blog Compass
## 110 2017 - 2019 Areo
## 111 2015 - 2019 YouTube Gaming
## 112 2012 - 2019 Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)
## 113 2015 - 2019 Data Saver Extension for Chrome
## 114 2015 - 2019 Inbox by Gmail
## 115 2011 - 2019 Google+
## 116 2009 - 2019 Google URL Shortener
## 117 2013 - 2019 Google Spotlight Stories
## 118 2016 - 2019 Google Allo
## 119 2015 - 2019 Google Notification Widget (Mr. Jingles)
## 120 2008 - 2019 YouTube Video Annotations
## 121 2013 - 2019 Google Realtime API
## 122 2015 - 2019 Chromecast Audio
## 123 2002 - 2018 Google Search Appliance
## 124 2015 - 2018 Google Nearby Notifications
## 125 2007 - 2018 Google Pinyin IME
## 126 2016 - 2018 Google News & Weather
## 127 2018 - 2018 Reply
## 128 2017 - 2018 Tez
## 129 2010 - 2018 Google Goggles
## 130 2016 - 2018 Save to Google Chrome Extension
## 131 2013 - 2018 Google Play Newsstand
## 132 2010 - 2018 Encrypted Search
## 133 2010 - 2018 Google Cloud Prediction API
## 134 2010 - 2018 qpx-express-API
## 135 2008 - 2018 Google Site Search
## 136 2010 - 2018 reCAPTCHA Mailhide
## 137 2016 - 2018 SoundStage
## 138 2014 - 2017 Project Tango
## 139 2006 - 2017 Google Portfolios
## 140 2010 - 2017 YouTube Video Editor
## 141 2007 - 2017 Trendalyzer
## 142 2013 - 2017 Glass OS
## 143 2008 - 2017 Google Map Maker
## 144 2013 - 2017 Chromebook Pixel
## 145 2016 - 2017 Google Spaces
## 146 2016 - 2017 Google Hands Free
## 147 2014 - 2017 Build with Chrome
## 148 2010 - 2017 Gesture Search
## 149 2005 - 2016 Panoramio
## 150 2005 - 2016 Google Showtimes
## 151 2012 - 2016 Pixate
## 152 2010 - 2016 Google Nexus
## 153 2015 - 2016 Together
## 154 2013 - 2016 Project Ara
## 155 2012 - 2016 Web Hosting in Google Drive
## 156 2011 - 2016 Google Swiffy
## 157 2013 - 2016 Google Wallet Card
## 158 2014 - 2016 Nexus Player
## 159 2012 - 2016 Revolv
## 160 2007 - 2016 Freebase
## 161 2012 - 2016 Google Now
## 162 2009 - 2016 MyTracks
## 163 2015 - 2016 uWeave
## 164 2015 - 2016 Google Compare
## 165 2012 - 2016 Google Maps Coordinate
## 166 2013 - 2016 Pie
## 167 2013 - 2016 Google Maps Engine
## 168 2007 - 2016 Songza
## 169 2005 - 2016 Google Code
## 170 2005 - 2015 Google Blog Search API
## 171 2008 - 2015 Google Earth Browser Plug-in
## 172 2012 - 2015 Timeful
## 173 2002 - 2015 Picasa
## 174 2008 - 2015 Google Flu Trends
## 175 2011 - 2015 Google Catalogs
## 176 2008 - 2015 Google Moderator
## 177 2011 - 2015 Android @ Home
## 178 2013 - 2015 Google Helpouts
## 179 2012 - 2015 YouTube for PS Vita
## 180 2013 - 2015 BebaPay
## 181 2013 - 2015 Google Play Edition
## 182 2013 - 2015 Google Glass Explorer Edition
## 183 2010 - 2015 Word Lens
## 184 2004 - 2014 Orkut
## 185 2010 - 2014 Google TV
## 186 2013 - 2014 Quickoffice
## 187 2007 - 2014 Google Questions and Answers
## 188 2012 - 2014 Wildfire Interactive
## 189 2012 - 2014 BufferBox
## 190 2013 - 2014 SlickLogin
## 191 2011 - 2014 Google Schemer
## 192 2010 - 2014 Google Chrome Frame
## 193 2005 - 2014 Google Notifier
## 194 2009 - 2014 Bump!
## 195 2011 - 2014 Google Offers
## 196 2011 - 2013 Google Currents
## 197 2006 - 2013 Google Checkout
## 198 2010 - 2013 Google Trader
## 199 2005 - 2013 iGoogle
## 200 2009 - 2013 Google Latitude
## 201 2005 - 2013 Google Reader
## 202 2012 - 2013 Nexus Q
## 203 2011 - 2013 Punchd
## 204 2009 - 2013 Building Maker
## 205 2005 - 2013 Google Talk
## 206 2004 - 2013 Google SMS
## 207 2008 - 2013 Google Cloud Connect
## 208 2007 - 2013 Picnik
## 209 2007 - 2012 Google Chart API
## 210 2007 - 2012 Google Mini
## 211 2008 - 2012 AdSense for Feeds
## 212 2009 - 2012 Google Listen
## 213 2010 - 2012 Google Refine
## 214 2011 - 2012 Sparrow
## 215 2008 - 2012 Google Insights for Search
## 216 1999 - 2012 Postini
## 217 2005 - 2012 Google Video
## 218 2005 - 2012 Meebo
## 219 2009 - 2012 Google Commerce Search
## 220 2011 - 2012 Needlebase
## 221 2008 - 2012 Knol
## 222 2009 - 2012 Google Wave
## 223 2009 - 2012 Google Flu Vaccine Finder
## 224 2011 - 2012 Google One Pass
## 225 2011 - 2012 Google Related
## 226 2005 - 2012 Urchin
## 227 2005 - 2012 Slide
## 228 2008 - 2012 Google Friend Connect
## 229 2006 - 2012 Jaiku
## 230 2006 - 2012 Google Code Search
## 231 2008 - 2012 Google Health
## 232 2009 - 2011 Noop Programming Language
## 233 2007 - 2011 Apture
## 234 2010 - 2011 Google Buzz
## 235 2007 - 2011 Gears
## 236 2008 - 2011 Google Notebook
## 237 2010 - 2011 ZygoteBody
## 238 2009 - 2011 Google PowerMeter
## 239 2009 - 2011 Google Squared
## 240 2009 - 2011 Google Sidewiki
## 241 2009 - 2011 Aardvark
## 242 2006 - 2011 Google Pack
## 243 2008 - 2011 Google Desktop
## 244 2009 - 2011 Google Fast Flip
## 245 2009 - 2011 Google Dictionary
## 246 2002 - 2011 Google Labs
## 247 2007 - 2011 Google Rebang
## 248 2000 - 2011 Google Directory
## 249 2009 - 2011 Google Image Swirl
## 250 2009 - 2011 Google Real-Time Search
## 251 2009 - 2011 Google Script Converter
## 252 2002 - 2011 Google Sets
## 253 1997 - 2011 Google Specialized Search
## 254 2010 - 2011 Google Hotpot
## 255 2009 - 2011 Gizmo5
## 256 2009 - 2011 Real Estate On Google Maps
## 257 2010 - 2011 fflick
## 258 2005 - 2010 Google Base
## 259 2007 - 2010 GOOG-411
## 260 2008 - 2010 BumpTop
## 261 2008 - 2010 Google SearchWiki
## 262 2006 - 2010 YouTube Streams
## 263 1998 - 2010 Marratech e-meetings
## 264 2002 - 2009 Google Web APIs
## 265 2005 - 2009 Google Ride Finder
## 266 2005 - 2009 Google Toolbar for Firefox
## 267 2007 - 2009 Google Radio Automation
## 268 2008 - 2009 On2 Flix Cloud
## 269 2007 - 2009 Google Mashup Editor
## 270 2007 - 2009 Google Shared Stuff
## 271 2005 - 2009 Grand Central
## 272 2003 - 2009 Dodgeball
## 273 2008 - 2009 Google Audio Ads
## 274 2008 - 2008 Google Lively
## 275 2006 - 2008 SearchMash
## 276 2006 - 2008 Google Page Creator
## 277 2006 - 2008 Send to Phone
## 278 2006 - 2008 Google Browser Sync
## 279 2002 - 2008 Hello
## 280 2005 - 2008 Google Web Accelerator
## 281 2001 - 2007 Zeitgeist
## 282 2004 - 2007 Google Click-to-Call
## 283 2006 - 2007 Google Video Player
## 284 2006 - 2007 Google Video Marketplace
## 285 2002 - 2006 Google Answers
## 286 2005 - 2006 Writely
## 287 2002 - 2006 Google Public Service Search
## 288 2003 - 2006 Google Deskbar
## desc_table
## 1 Google Domains was a domain name registrar operated by Google. It will be over 9 years old.
## 2 Google Optimize was a web analytics and testing tool that allowed users to run experiments aimed at increasing visitor conversion rates and overall satisfaction. It will be over 11 years old.
## 3 Google Cloud IoT Core was a managed service designed to let customers securely connect, manage, and ingest data from globally dispersed devices. It will be over 5 years old.
## 4 Google Album Archive was a platform that allowed users to access and manage their archived photos and videos from various Google services, such as Hangouts and Picasa Web Albums. It will be almost 7 years old.
## 5 YouTube Stories (originally YouTube Reels) allowed creators to post temporary videos that would expire after seven days. It will be over 5 years old.
## 6 Killed 5 days ago, Grasshopper was a free mobile and web app for aspiring programmers that taught introductory JavaScript and coding fundamentals using fun, bite-sized puzzles. It was about 5 years old.
## 7 Killed 7 days ago, Conversational Actions extended the functionality of Google Assistant by allowing 3rd party developers to create custom experiences, or conversations, for users of Google Assistant. It was over 6 years old.
## 8 Killed 3 months ago, Google Currents was a service that provided social media features similar to Google+ for Google Workspace customers. It was almost 4 years old.
## 9 Killed 3 months ago, Google Street View app was an Android and iOS app that enabled people to get a 360 degree view of locations around the world. It was over 12 years old.
## 10 Killed 3 months ago, Jacquard was a small tag to make it easier and more intuitive for people to interact with technology in their everyday lives, without having to constantly pull out their devices or touch screens. It was about 9 years old.
## 11 Killed 4 months ago, Google Code Jam, Kick Start, and Hash Code were competitive programming competitions open to programmers around the world. It was over 19 years old.
## 12 Killed 5 months ago, Google Stadia was a cloud gaming service combining a WiFi gaming controller and allowed users to stream gameplay through web browsers, TV, mobile apps, and Chromecast. It was about 3 years old.
## 13 Killed 5 months ago, Google OnHub was a series of residential wireless routers manufactured by Asus and TP-Link that were powered by Google software, managed by Google apps, and offered enhanced special features like Google Assistant. It was over 7 years old.
## 14 Killed 6 months ago, YouTube Originals was a variety of original content including scripted series, educational videos, and music and celebrity programming. It was over 6 years old.
## 15 Killed 6 months ago, Threadit was a tool for recording and sharing short videos. It was almost 2 years old.
## 16 Killed 7 months ago, Duplex on the Web was a Google Assistant technology that automated tasks on the web on behalf of a user; such as booking movie tickets or making restaurant reservations. It was over 3 years old.
## 17 Killed 7 months ago, Google Hangouts was a cross-platform instant messaging service. It was over 9 years old.
## 18 Killed 8 months ago, Google Surveys was a business product by Google aimed at facilitating customized market research. It was over 10 years old.
## 19 Killed 10 months ago, YouTube Go was an app aimed at making YouTube easier to access on mobile devices in emerging markets through special features like downloading video on wifi for viewing later. It was over 5 years old.
## 20 Killed 11 months ago, Google My Business was an app that allowed businesses to manage their Google Maps Business profiles. It was over 3 years old.
## 21 Killed 12 months ago, Google Chrome Apps were hosted or packaged web applications that ran on the Google Chrome browser. It was over 11 years old.
## 22 Killed 12 months ago, Kormo Jobs was an app that allowed users in primarily India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh to help them find jobs nearby that match their skills and interests. It was almost 3 years old.
## 23 Killed 12 months ago, Android Auto for phone screens was an app that allowed the screen of the phone to be used as an Android Auto interface while driving, intended for vehicles that did not have a compatible screen built in. It was over 2 years old.
## 24 Killed about 1 year ago, Google Duo was a video calling app that allowed people to call someone from their contact list. It was almost 6 years old.
## 25 Killed about 1 year ago, G Suite (Legacy Free Edition) was a free tier offering some of the services included in Google's productivity suite. It was over 15 years old.
## 26 Killed about 1 year ago, Google Assistant Snapshot was the successor to Google Now that provided predictive cards with information and daily updates in the Google app for Android and iOS. It was over 3 years old.
## 27 Killed over 1 year ago, Cameos on Google allowed celebrities and other public figures to record video responses to the most common questions asked about them which would be shown to users in Google Search results. It was over 3 years old.
## 28 Killed over 1 year ago, Android Things was an Android-based embedded operating system (originally named Brillo) aimed to run on Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It was over 6 years old.
## 29 Killed over 1 year ago, AngularJS was a JavaScript open-source front-end web framework based on MVC pattern using a dependency injection technique. It was about 11 years old.
## 30 Killed over 1 year ago, Streams was a "clinician support app" which aimed to improve clinical decision-making and patient safety across hospitals in the United Kingdom. It was about 4 years old.
## 31 Killed over 1 year ago, Material Gallery is a collaboration tool for UI designers, optimized for Google's Material Design, with mobile preview apps and a Sketch plugin. It was over 3 years old.
## 32 Killed over 1 year ago, Google Toolbar was a web browser toolbar that provided a search box in web browsers like Internet Explorer and Firefox. It was about 21 years old.
## 33 Killed over 1 year ago, Google Sites (Classic) allowed users to build and edit websites and wiki portals for private and public use. It was almost 14 years old.
## 34 Killed over 1 year ago, Your News Update was a service that offered an audio digest of a mix of short news stories chosen at that moment based on a user's interests, location, user history, and preferences, as well as the top news stories out there. It was almost 2 years old.
## 35 Killed over 1 year ago, My Maps was an Android application that enabled users to create custom maps for personal use or sharing on their mobile device. It was almost 7 years old.
## 36 Killed over 1 year ago, Backup and Sync was a desktop software tool for Windows and macOS that allowed users to sync files from Google Drive to their local machine. It was over 4 years old.
## 37 Killed over 1 year ago, Google Bookmarks was a private web-based bookmarking service not integrated with any other Google services. It was almost 16 years old.
## 38 Killed over 1 year ago, Analytics platform for Google's Dialogflow chatbot & others, started by the Google-funded Area120 incubator then retired and partially merged into Dialogflow itself. It was almost 4 years old.
## 39 Killed almost 2 years ago, VR180 Creator allowed users to edit video taken on 180-degree and 360-degree devices on multiple operating systems. It was about 3 years old.
## 40 Killed almost 2 years ago, Posts on Google allowed notable individuals with knowledge graph panels to author specific content that would appear in Google Search results. It was about 9 years old.
## 41 Killed almost 2 years ago, Fitbit Coach (formerly Fitstar) was a video-based bodyweight workout app that used AI to personalize workouts based on user feedback. It was about 8 years old.
## 42 Killed almost 2 years ago, Fitstar Yoga was a video-based yoga app that created unique yoga sessions based on user preference and skill level. It was almost 7 years old.
## 43 Killed almost 2 years ago, Tour Builder allowed users to create and share interactive tours inside Google Earth with photos and videos of locations. It was about 8 years old.
## 44 Killed almost 2 years ago, Expeditions is a program for providing virtual reality experiences to school classrooms through Google Cardboard viewers, allowing educators to take their students on virtual field trips. It was almost 6 years old.
## 45 Killed almost 2 years ago, Tour Creator allowed users to build immersive, 360° guided tours that could be viewed with VR devices. It was about 3 years old.
## 46 Killed almost 2 years ago, Poly was a distribution platform for creators to share 3D objects. It was over 3 years old.
## 47 Killed about 2 years ago, Google Play Movies & TV, originally Google TV, was an app used to view purchased and rented media and was ultimately replaced with YouTube. It was about 10 years old.
## 48 Killed about 2 years ago, Measure allowed users to take measurements of everyday objects with their device's camera utilizing ARCore technology. It was about 5 years old.
## 49 Killed about 2 years ago, Zync render was a cloud render platform for animation and visual effects. It was almost 7 years old.
## 50 Killed about 2 years ago, Timely Alarm Clock was an Android application providing an alarm, stopwatch, and timer functionality with synchronization across devices. It was almost 8 years old.
## 51 Killed about 2 years ago, Polymer was an open-source JS library for web components It was almost 6 years old.
## 52 Killed about 2 years ago, The Google Shopping Mobile App, which had absorbed Google Express when it launched, provided a native shopping experience with a personalized homepage for mobile users. It is now retired and the functionality lives on in the Shopping Tab. It was almost 2 years old.
## 53 Killed about 2 years ago, Google Public Alerts was an online notification service owned by Google.org that sends safety alerts to various countries. It was over 8 years old.
## 54 Killed about 2 years ago, (also known as Google Short Links) was a URL shortening service. It also supported custom domain for customers of Google Workspace (formerly G Suite (formerly Google Apps)). It was about 11 years old.
## 55 Killed about 2 years ago, Google Crisis Map was a website that allowed to create, publish, and share maps by combining layers from anywhere on the web. It was over 9 years old.
## 56 Killed over 2 years ago, Google Cardboard was a low-cost, virtual reality (VR) platform named after its folded cardboard viewer into which a smartphone was inserted. It was over 6 years old.
## 57 Killed over 2 years ago, Swift for TensorFlow (S4TF) was a next-generation platform for machine learning with a focus on differentiable programming. It was almost 3 years old.
## 58 Killed over 2 years ago, Tilt Brush was a room-scale 3D-painting virtual-reality application available from Google, originally developed by Skillman & Hackett. It was almost 5 years old.
## 59 Killed over 2 years ago, Loon was a service to provide internet access via an array of high-altitude balloons hovering in the Earth's stratosphere It was over 6 years old.
## 60 Killed over 2 years ago, App Maker was a tool that allowed its users to build and deploy custom business apps easily and securely on the web without writing much code. It was about 4 years old.
## 61 Killed over 2 years ago, Google Cloud Print allowed users to 'print from anywhere;' to print from web, desktop, or mobile to any Google Cloud Print-connected printer. It was over 10 years old.
## 62 Killed over 2 years ago, Google Home Max was a large, stereo smart speaker with two tweeters and subwoofers, aux input, and a USB-C input (for wired ethernet) featuring Smart Sound machine learning technology. It was about 3 years old.
## 63 Killed over 2 years ago, Science Journal was a mobile app that helped you run science experiments with your smartphone using the device's onboard sensors. It was over 4 years old.
## 64 Killed over 2 years ago, YouTube VR allowed you to easily find and watch 360 videos and virtual reality content with SteamVR-compatible headsets. It was almost 3 years old.
## 65 Killed over 2 years ago, Trusted Contacts was an app that allowed users to share their location and view the location of specific users. It was almost 4 years old.
## 66 Killed over 2 years ago, Google Play Music was a music and podcast streaming service, and online music locker. It was almost 9 years old.
## 67 Killed over 2 years ago, Nest Secure was a security system with an alarm, keypad, and motion sensor with an embedded microphone. It was almost 3 years old.
## 68 Killed over 2 years ago, YouTube Community Contributions allowed users to contribute translations for video titles or submit descriptions, closed captions or subtitles on YouTube content. It was over 4 years old.
## 69 Killed almost 3 years ago, Google Hire was an applicant tracking system to help small to medium businesses distribute jobs, identify and attract candidates, build strong relationships with candidates, and efficiently manage the interview process. It was about 3 years old.
## 70 Killed almost 3 years ago, Password Checkup provided a warning to users if they were using a username and password combination checked against over 4 billion credentials that Google knew to be unsafe. It was over 1 year old.
## 71 Killed almost 3 years ago, Playground AR (aka AR Stickers) allowed users to place virtual characters and objects in augmented reality via the Camera App on Pixel phones. It was over 2 years old.
## 72 Killed almost 3 years ago, Focals were a custom-built smart glasses product with a transparent, holographic display that allowed users to read and respond to text messages, navigate turn-by-turn directions, check the weather, and integrate with third-party services like Uber and Amazon Alexa. It was over 1 year old.
## 73 Killed almost 3 years ago, CallJoy was an Area 120 project that provided phone automation for small-to-medium businesses allowing them to train the bot agent with responses to common customer questions. It was about 1 year old.
## 74 Killed almost 3 years ago, Google Photos Print was a subscription service that automatically selected the best ten photos from the last thirty days which were mailed to user's homes. It was 5 months old.
## 75 Killed almost 3 years ago, Pigeon Transit was a transit app that used crowdsourced information about delays, crowded trains, escalator outages, live entertainment, dirty or unsafe conditions. It was almost 2 years old.
## 76 Killed about 3 years ago, Enhanced 404 Pages was a JavaScript library that added suggested URLs and a search box to a website's 404 Not Found page. It was over 11 years old.
## 77 Killed about 3 years ago, Shoelace was an app used to find group activities with others who share your interests. It was 11 months old.
## 78 Killed about 3 years ago, Neighbourly was a mobile app designed to help you learn about your neighborhood by asking other residents, and find out about local services and facilities in your area from people who live around you. It was almost 2 years old.
## 79 Killed about 3 years ago, Fabric was a platform that helped mobile teams build better apps, understand their users, and grow their business. It was over 5 years old.
## 80 Killed about 3 years ago, Google Contributor was a program run by Google that allowed users in the Google Network of content sites to view the websites without any advertisements that are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. It was over 5 years old.
## 81 Killed over 3 years ago, Material Theme Editor is a plugin for Sketch App which allows you to create a material-based design system for your app. It was almost 2 years old.
## 82 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Station is a service that gives partners an easy set of tools to roll out Wi-Fi hotspots in public places. Google Station provides software and guidance on hardware to turn fiber connections into fast, reliable, and safe Wi-Fi zones. It was over 4 years old.
## 83 Killed over 3 years ago, One Today was an app that allowed users to donate $1 to different organizations and discover how their donation would be used. It was almost 7 years old.
## 84 Killed over 3 years ago, Androidify allowed users to create a custom Android avatar for themselves and others. It was almost 9 years old.
## 85 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Fiber TV was an IPTV service that was bundled with Google Fiber. It was about 7 years old.
## 86 Killed over 3 years ago, Field Trip was a mobile app that acted as a virtual tour guide by cross-referencing multiple sources of information to provide users information about points of interest near them. It was over 7 years old.
## 87 Killed over 3 years ago, AdSense (mobile app) allowed users to manage their AdSense accounts in a native app for iOS and Android. It was over 6 years old.
## 88 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Correlate was a service that provided users information about how strongly the frequency of multiple search terms correlates with each other over a specified time interval. It was over 8 years old.
## 89 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Translator Toolkit was a web application which allowed translators to edit and manage translations generated by Google Translate. It was over 10 years old.
## 90 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Fusion Tables was a web service for data management that provided a means for visualizing data in different charts, maps, and graphs. It was over 10 years old.
## 91 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Bulletin was a hyperlocal news service where users could post news from their neighborhood and allow others in the same areas to hear those stories. It was almost 2 years old.
## 92 Killed over 3 years ago, Touring Bird was an Area 120 incubator project which helped users compare prices, book tours, tickets, and experiences, and learn about top destinations around the world. It was about 1 year old.
## 93 Killed over 3 years ago, Game Builder was a multiplayer 3D game environment for creating new games without coding experience. It was 5 months old.
## 94 Killed over 3 years ago, Datally (formerly Triangle) was a smart app by Google that helped you save, manage, and share your mobile data. It was over 2 years old.
## 95 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Clips was a miniature clip-on camera that could automatically capture interesting or relevant video clips determined by machine learning algorithms. It was about 2 years old.
## 96 Killed over 3 years ago, Google Daydream was a virtual reality platform and set of hardware devices that worked with certain Android phones. It was almost 3 years old.
## 97 Killed over 3 years ago, YouTube Leanback was an optimized version of YouTube used for television web browsers and WebView application wrappers. It was about 9 years old.
## 98 Killed over 3 years ago, Message Center is a web console where Gmail users view and manage spam email messages. It was almost 6 years old.
## 99 Killed over 3 years ago, Follow Your World allowed users to register points of interest on Google Maps and receive email updates whenever the imagery is updated. It was over 8 years old.
## 100 Killed over 3 years ago, G Suite Training (previously known as Synergyse) provided interactive and video-based training for 20 Google G Suite products in nine languages through a website and a Chrome extension. It was over 6 years old.
## 101 Killed almost 4 years ago, YouTube Messages was a direct messaging feature that allowed users to share and discuss videos one-on-one and in groups on YouTube. It was about 2 years old.
## 102 Killed almost 4 years ago, YouTube for Nintendo 3DS allowed users to stream YouTube videos on the portable gaming console. It was almost 6 years old.
## 103 Killed almost 4 years ago, Works with Nest was an API that allowed external services to access and control Nest devices. This enabled the devices to be used with third-party home automation platforms and devices. It was about 5 years old.
## 104 Killed almost 4 years ago, Google Trips was a mobile app that allowed users to plan for upcoming travel by facilitating flight, hotel, car, and restaurant reservations from user's email alongside summarized info about the user's destination. It was almost 3 years old.
## 105 Killed almost 4 years ago, Hangouts on Air allowed users to host a multi-user video call while recording and streaming the call on YouTube. It was almost 8 years old.
## 106 Killed almost 4 years ago, Personal Blocklist was a Chrome Web Extension by Google that allowed users to block certain websites from appearing in Google search results. It was over 8 years old.
## 107 Killed almost 4 years ago, Dragonfly was a search engine designed to be compatible with China's state censorship provisions. It was 11 months old.
## 108 Killed almost 4 years ago, Google Jump was a cloud-based VR media solution that enabled 3D-360 media production by integrating customized capture solutions with best-in-class automated stitching. It was about 4 years old.
## 109 Killed about 4 years ago, Blog Compass was a blog management tool that integrated with WordPress and Blogger available only in India. It was 9 months old.
## 110 Killed about 4 years ago, Areo was a mobile app that allowed users in Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Gurgaon, and Pune to order meals from nearby restaurants or schedule appointments with local service professionals, including electricians, painters, cleaners, plumbers, and more. It was about 2 years old.
## 111 Killed about 4 years ago, YouTube Gaming was a video gaming-oriented service and app for videos and live streaming. It was almost 4 years old.
## 112 Killed about 4 years ago, Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) was a notification service that enabled developers to send messages between servers and client apps running on Android or Chrome. It was almost 7 years old.
## 113 Killed about 4 years ago, Data Saver was an extension for Chrome that routed web pages through Google servers to compress and reduce the user's bandwidth. It was about 4 years old.
## 114 Killed about 4 years ago, Inbox by Gmail aimed to improve email through several key features. It was almost 4 years old.
## 115 Killed about 4 years ago, Google+ was an Internet-based social network. It was almost 8 years old.
## 116 Killed about 4 years ago, Google URL Shortener, also known as goo.gl, was a URL shortening service. It was over 9 years old.
## 117 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Spotlight Stories was an app and content studio project which created immersive stories for mobile and VR. It was over 5 years old.
## 118 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Allo was an instant messaging mobile app for Android, iOS, and Web with special features like a virtual assistant and encrypted mode. It was over 2 years old.
## 119 Killed over 4 years ago, Mr. Jingles (aka Google Notification Widget) displayed alerts and notifications from across multiple Google services. It was almost 4 years old.
## 120 Killed over 4 years ago, YouTube Video Annotations allowed video creators to add interactive commentary to their videos containing background information, branching ("choose your own adventure" style) stories, or links to any YouTube video, channel, or search results page. It was over 10 years old.
## 121 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Realtime API provided ways to synchronize resources between devices. It operated on files stored on Google Drive. It was almost 6 years old.
## 122 Killed over 4 years ago, Chromecast Audio was a device that allowed users to stream audio from any device to any speaker with an audio input. It was over 3 years old.
## 123 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Search Appliance was a rack-mounted device that provided document indexing functionality. It was almost 17 years old.
## 124 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Nearby Notifications were a proximity marketing tool using Bluetooth beacons and location-based data to serve content relevant to an Android user's real-world location. It was over 3 years old.
## 125 Killed over 4 years ago, Google Pinyin IME was an input method that allowed users on multiple operating systems to input characters from pinyin, the romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese. It was over 11 years old.
## 126 Killed over 4 years ago, Google News & Weather was a news aggregator application available on the Android and iOS operating systems. It was about 2 years old.
## 127 Killed over 4 years ago, Reply was a mobile app that let users insert Smart Replies (pre-defined replies) into conversations on messaging apps. It was 8 months old.
## 128 Killed almost 5 years ago, Tez was a mobile payments service by Google, targeted at users in India. It was rebranded to Google Pay. It was 11 months old.
## 129 Killed almost 5 years ago, Google Goggles was used for searches based on pictures taken by handheld devices. It was almost 8 years old.
## 130 Killed almost 5 years ago, Save to Google Chrome Extension enabled you to quickly save a page link with image and tags to a Pocket-like app. It was over 2 years old.
## 131 Killed about 5 years ago, Google Play Newsstand was a news aggregator and digital newsstand service. It was over 4 years old.
## 132 Killed about 5 years ago, Encrypted Search provided users with anonymous internet searching. It was almost 8 years old.
## 133 Killed about 5 years ago, Google Cloud Prediction API was a PaaS for machine learning (ML) functionality to help developers build ML models to create application features such as recommendation systems, spam detection, and purchase prediction. It was almost 8 years old.
## 134 Killed about 5 years ago, A service that Google developed for long-tail travel clients. ITA Software will create a new, easier way for users to find better flight information online, which should encourage more users to make their flight purchases online. It was almost 8 years old.
## 135 Killed about 5 years ago, Google's Site Search was a service that enabled any website to add a custom search field powered by Google. It was over 9 years old.
## 136 Killed about 5 years ago, reCAPTCHA Mailhide allowed users to mask their email address behind a captcha to prevent robots from scraping the email and sending spam. It was almost 8 years old.
## 137 Killed over 5 years ago, SoundStage was a virtual reality music sandbox built specifically for room-scale VR. It was over 1 year old.
## 138 Killed over 5 years ago, Project Tango was an API for augmented reality apps that was killed and replaced by ARCore. It was about 3 years old.
## 139 Killed over 5 years ago, Portfolios was a feature available in Google Finance to track personal financial securities. It was over 11 years old.
## 140 Killed over 5 years ago, YouTube Video Editor was a web-based tool for editing, merging, and adding special effects to video content. It was over 7 years old.
## 141 Killed almost 6 years ago, Trendalyzer was a data trend viewing platform. It was over 10 years old.
## 142 Killed almost 6 years ago, Glass OS (Google XE) was a version of Google's Android operating system designed for Google Glass. It was about 4 years old.
## 143 Killed about 6 years ago, Google Map Maker was a mapping and map editing service where users were able to draw features directly onto a map. It was almost 9 years old.
## 144 Killed over 6 years ago, Chromebook Pixel was a first-of-its-kind laptop built by Google that ran Chrome OS, a Linux kernel-based operating system. It was about 4 years old.
## 145 Killed over 6 years ago, Google Spaces was an app for group discussions and messaging. It was 9 months old.
## 146 Killed over 6 years ago, Google Hands Free was a mobile payment system that allowed users to pay their bill using Bluetooth to connect to payment terminals by saying 'I'll pay with Google.' It was 11 months old.
## 147 Killed over 6 years ago, Build with Chrome was a collaboration between Chrome and the LEGO Group that allowed users to build and publish LEGO creations to any digital plot of land in the world through Google Maps. It was about 3 years old.
## 148 Killed over 6 years ago, Google Gesture Search allowed users to search contacts, applications, settings, music, and bookmark on their Android device by drawing letters or numbers onto the screen. It was almost 7 years old.
## 149 Killed over 6 years ago, Panoramio was a geo-location tagging and photo sharing product. It was about 11 years old.
## 150 Killed over 6 years ago, Google Showtimes was a standalone movie search result page. It was about 11 years old.
## 151 Killed over 6 years ago, Pixate was a platform for creating sophisticated animations and interactions, and refining your designs through 100% native prototypes for iOS and Android. It was over 4 years old.
## 152 Killed over 6 years ago, Google Nexus was Google's line of flagship Android phones, tablets, and accessories. It was over 6 years old.
## 153 Killed over 6 years ago, Together was a watch face for Android Wear that let two users link their watches together to share small visual messages. It was about 1 year old.
## 154 Killed almost 7 years ago, Project Ara was a modular smartphone project under development by Google. It was almost 3 years old.
## 155 Killed almost 7 years ago, Web hosting in Google Drive allowed users to publish live websites by uploading HTML, CSS, and other files. It was almost 4 years old.
## 156 Killed almost 7 years ago, Google Swiffy was a web-based tool that converted SWF files to HTML5. It was about 5 years old.
## 157 Killed almost 7 years ago, Google Wallet Card was a prepaid debit card that let users pay for things in person and online using their Wallet balance at any retailer that accepted MasterCard. It was over 2 years old.
## 158 Killed about 7 years ago, Nexus Player was a digital media player that allowed users to play music, watch video originating from Internet services or a local network, and play games. It was over 1 year old.
## 159 Killed about 7 years ago, Revolv was a monitoring and control system that allowed users to control their connected devices from a single hub. It was about 4 years old.
## 160 Killed about 7 years ago, Freebase was a large collaborative knowledge base consisting of structured data composed mainly by its community members, developed by Metaweb(acquired by Google). It was about 9 years old.
## 161 Killed about 7 years ago, Google Now was a feature of Google Search that offered predictive cards with information and daily updates in Chrome and the Google app for Android and iOS. It was almost 4 years old.
## 162 Killed about 7 years ago, MyTracks was a GPS tracking application for Android which allowed users to track their path, speed, distance, and elevation. It was about 7 years old.
## 163 Killed about 7 years ago, uWeave (pronounced “micro weave”) was an implementation of the Weave protocol intended for use on microcontroller-based devices. It was 4 months old.
## 164 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Compare allowed consumers to compare several offers ranging from insurance, mortgage, and credit cards. It was about 1 year old.
## 165 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Maps Coordinate was a service for managing mobile workforces with the help of mobile apps and a web-based dashboard. It was over 3 years old.
## 166 Killed over 7 years ago, Pie was a work-centric group chat website and app comparable to Slack. It was over 2 years old.
## 167 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Maps Engine was an online tool for map creation. It enabled you to create layered maps using your data as well as Google Maps data. It was over 2 years old.
## 168 Killed over 7 years ago, Songza was a free music streaming service that would recommend its users' various playlists based on time of day and mood or activity. It was about 8 years old.
## 169 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Code was a service that provided revision control, an issue tracker, and a wiki for code documentation. It was almost 11 years old.
## 170 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Blog Search API was a way to search blogs utilizing Google. It was over 10 years old.
## 171 Killed over 7 years ago, Google Earth Browser Plug-in allowed developers to embed Google Earth into web pages and included a JavaScript API for custom 3D drawing and interaction. It was over 7 years old.
## 172 Killed over 7 years ago, Timeful was an iOS to-do list and calendar application, developed to reinvent the way that people manage their most precious resource of time. It was almost 4 years old.
## 173 Killed over 7 years ago, Picasa was an image organizer and image viewer for organizing and editing digital photos. It was almost 13 years old.
## 174 Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Flu Trends was a service attempting to make accurate predictions about flu activity. It was almost 7 years old.
## 175 Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Catalogs was a shopping application that delivered the virtual catalogs of large retailers to users. It was almost 4 years old.
## 176 Killed almost 8 years ago, Google Moderator was a service that used crowdsourcing to rank user-submitted questions, suggestions, and ideas. It was almost 7 years old.
## 177 Killed about 8 years ago, Android @ Home allowed a user’s device to discover, connect, and communicate with devices and appliances in the home. It was about 4 years old.
## 178 Killed about 8 years ago, Google Helpouts was an online collaboration service where users could share their expertise through live video. It was over 1 year old.
## 179 Killed about 8 years ago, YouTube for PlayStation Vita was a native YouTube browsing and viewing application for the PS Vita and PSTV game consoles. It was over 2 years old.
## 180 Killed over 8 years ago, BebaPay was a form of electronic ticketing platform in Nairobi, Kenya that was developed by Google in partnership with Equity Bank. It was almost 2 years old.
## 181 Killed over 8 years ago, Google Play Edition devices were a series of Android smartphones and tablets sold by Google. It was over 1 year old.
## 182 Killed over 8 years ago, Google Glass Explorer Edition was a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display and camera that allows the wearer to interact with various applications and the Internet via natural language voice commands. It was almost 2 years old.
## 183 Killed over 8 years ago, Word Lens translated text in real time on images by using the viewfinder of a device's camera without the need of an internet connection; The technology was rolled into Google Translate. It was about 4 years old.
## 184 Killed over 8 years ago, Orkut was a social network designed to help users meet new and old friends and maintain existing relationships. It was over 10 years old.
## 185 Killed almost 9 years ago, Google TV was a smart TV platform that integrated Android and Chrome to create an interactive television overlay. It was over 3 years old.
## 186 Killed almost 9 years ago, Quickoffice was a productivity suite for mobile devices which allowed the viewing, creating and editing of documents, presentations and spreadsheets. It was 9 months old.
## 187 Killed almost 9 years ago, Google Questions and Answers was a free knowledge market that allowed users to collaboratively find answers to their questions. It was almost 7 years old.
## 188 Killed over 9 years ago, Wildfire by Google was a social marketing application that enabled businesses to create, optimize and measure their presence on social networks. It was over 1 year old.
## 189 Killed over 9 years ago, BufferBox was a Canadian startup that provided consumers 24/7 convenience of picking up their online purchases. It was about 1 year old.
## 190 Killed over 9 years ago, SlickLogin was an Israeli start-up company which developed sound-based password alternatives, was acquired by Google and hasn't released anything since. It was 7 months old.
## 191 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Schemer was a Google service for sharing and discovering things to do. It was over 2 years old.
## 192 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Chrome Frame was a plugin for Internet Explorer that allowed web pages to be displayed using WebKit and the V8 JavaScript engine. It was over 3 years old.
## 193 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Notifier alerted users to new emails on their Gmail account. It was about 9 years old.
## 194 Killed over 9 years ago, Bump! was an iOS and Android mobile app that enabled smartphone users to transfer contact information, photos, and files between devices. It was almost 5 years old.
## 195 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Offers was a service offering discounts and coupons. Initially, it was a deal of the day website similar to Groupon. It was over 2 years old.
## 196 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Currents was a social magazine app by Google, which was replaced by Google Play Newsstand. It was almost 2 years old.
## 197 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Checkout was an online payment processing service that aimed to simplify the process of paying for online purchases. It was over 7 years old.
## 198 Killed over 9 years ago, Google Trader was a classifieds service run by Google in Ghana, Uganda, Kenya, and Nigeria to help customers trade goods and services online. It was almost 3 years old.
## 199 Killed over 9 years ago, iGoogle was a customizable Ajax-based start page or personal web portal. It was over 8 years old.
## 200 Killed almost 10 years ago, Google Latitude was a location-aware feature of Google Maps, a successor to an earlier SMS-based service Dodgeball. It was over 4 years old.
## 201 Killed almost 10 years ago, Google Reader was an RSS/Atom feed aggregator. It was over 7 years old.
## 202 Killed almost 10 years ago, Nexus Q was a digital media player that allowed users with Android devices to stream content from supported services to a connected television or speakers via an integrated amplifier. It was about 1 year old.
## 203 Killed about 10 years ago, Punchd was a digital loyalty card app and service targeted towards small businesses that originated as a student project at Cal Poly in 2009 and was acquired by Google in 2011. It was almost 2 years old.
## 204 Killed about 10 years ago, Building Maker enabled users to create 3D models of buildings for Google Earth on the browser. It was over 3 years old.
## 205 Killed about 10 years ago, Often remembered as 'Gchat', Google Talk was a messaging service for both text and voice using XMPP. It was over 7 years old.
## 206 Killed about 10 years ago, Google SMS let you text questions- including weather, sports scores, word definitions, and more- to 466453 and get an answer back. It was over 8 years old.
## 207 Killed about 10 years ago, Google Cloud Connect was a free cloud computing plugin for multiple versions of Microsoft Office that automatically stored and synchronized files to Google Docs. It was about 5 years old.
## 208 Killed about 10 years ago, Picnik was an online photo editing service that allowed users to edit, style, crop, and resize images. It was over 6 years old.
## 209 Killed over 10 years ago, Google Chart API was an interactive Web service that created graphical charts from user-supplied data. It was about 5 years old.
## 210 Killed over 10 years ago, Google Mini was a smaller version of the Google Search Appliance. It was about 5 years old.
## 211 Killed over 10 years ago, AdSense for Feeds was an RSS-based service for AdSense that allowed publishers to advertise on their RSS Feeds. It was over 4 years old.
## 212 Killed over 10 years ago, Google Listen was an Android application that let you search, subscribe, download, and stream podcasts and web audio. It was about 3 years old.
## 213 Killed over 10 years ago, Google Refine was a standalone desktop application for data cleanup and transformation to other formats. It was almost 2 years old.
## 214 Killed over 10 years ago, Sparrow was an email client for OS X and iOS. Google acquired and then killed it. It was over 1 year old.
## 215 Killed over 10 years ago, Google Insights for Search was a service used to provide data about terms people searched in Google and was merged into Google Trends. It was about 4 years old.
## 216 Killed almost 11 years ago, Postini was an e-mail, Web security, and archiving service that filtered e-mail spam and malware (before it was delivered to a client's mail server), e-mail archiving. It was about 13 years old.
## 217 Killed almost 11 years ago, Google Video was a free video hosting service from Google, similar to YouTube, that allowed video clips to be hosted on Google servers and embedded onto other websites. It was over 7 years old.
## 218 Killed almost 11 years ago, Meebo was a browser-based instant messaging application which supported multiple IM services. It was almost 7 years old.
## 219 Killed almost 11 years ago, Google Commerce Search was an enterprise search service that powered online retail stores and e-commerce websites that improved speed and accuracy. It was over 2 years old.
## 220 Killed about 11 years ago, Needlebase was a point-and-click tool for extracting, sorting and visualizing data from across pages around the web. It was about 1 year old.
## 221 Killed about 11 years ago, Knol was a Google project that aimed to include user-written articles on a range of topics. It was almost 4 years old.
## 222 Killed about 11 years ago, Google Wave was an online communication and collaborative real-time editor tool. It was over 2 years old.
## 223 Killed about 11 years ago, Google Flu Vaccine Finder was a maps mash-up that showed nearby vaccination places across the United States. It was over 2 years old.
## 224 Killed about 11 years ago, Google One Pass was an online store developed by Google for media publishers looking to sell subscriptions to their content. It was about 1 year old.
## 225 Killed about 11 years ago, Google Related was introduced to be an experimental navigation assistant launched to help people find useful and interesting information while surfing the web. It was 8 months old.
## 226 Killed about 11 years ago, Urchin was a web statistics analysis program developed by Urchin Software Corporation. It analyzed web server log file content and displayed the traffic information on that website based upon the log data. It was almost 7 years old.
## 227 Killed over 11 years ago, Slide was a photo sharing software for social networking services such as MySpace and Facebook. Later Slide began to make applications and became the largest developer of third-party applications for Facebook. It was almost 7 years old.
## 228 Killed over 11 years ago, Google Friend Connect was a free social networking site from 2008 to 2012. It was almost 4 years old.
## 229 Killed over 11 years ago, Jaiku was a social networking, micro-blogging and lifestreaming service comparable to Twitter. It was almost 6 years old.
## 230 Killed over 11 years ago, Google Code Search was a free beta product which allowed users to search for open-source code on the Internet. It was over 5 years old.
## 231 Killed over 11 years ago, Google Health was a personal health information centralization service that provided users a merged health record from multiple sources. It was over 3 years old.
## 232 Killed over 11 years ago, Noop was a project by Google engineers Alex Eagle and Christian Gruber aiming to develop a new programming language that attempted to blend the best features of 'old' and 'new' languages and best practices. It was almost 3 years old.
## 233 Killed over 11 years ago, Apture was a service that allowed publishers and bloggers to link and incorporate multimedia into a dynamic layer above their pages. It was over 4 years old.
## 234 Killed over 11 years ago, Google Buzz was a social networking, microblogging and messaging tool that integrated with Gmail. It was almost 2 years old.
## 235 Killed over 11 years ago, Gears (aka Google Gears) was utility software that aimed to create more powerful web apps by adding offline storage and other additional features to web browsers. It was over 4 years old.
## 236 Killed over 11 years ago, Google Notebook allowed users to save and organize clips of information while conducting research online. It was over 3 years old.
## 237 Killed over 11 years ago, ZygoteBody, formerly Google Body, is a web application by Zygote Media Group that renders manipulable 3D anatomical models of the human body. It was 10 months old.
## 238 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google PowerMeter was a software project of Google's philanthropic arm that helped consumers track their home electricity usage. It was almost 2 years old.
## 239 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Squared was an information extraction and relationship extraction product that compiled structured data into a spreadsheet-like format. It was over 2 years old.
## 240 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Sidewiki was a browser sidebar tool that allowed users to contribute information to any web page. It was almost 2 years old.
## 241 Killed almost 12 years ago, Aardvark was a social search service that connected users live with friends or friends-of-friends who were able to answer their questions. It was over 2 years old.
## 242 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Pack was a collection of software tools offered by Google to download in a single archive. It was announced at the 2006 Consumer Electronics Show, on January 6. Google Pack was only available for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7. It was over 5 years old.
## 243 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Desktop allowed local searches of a user's emails, computer files, music, photos, chats and Web pages viewed. It was over 3 years old.
## 244 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Fast Flip was an online news aggregator, something of a high tech microfiche. It was almost 2 years old.
## 245 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Dictionary was a standalone online dictionary service. It was over 1 year old.
## 246 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Labs was a technology playground used by Google to demonstrate and test new projects. It was about 9 years old.
## 247 Killed almost 12 years ago, Rebang was a Zeitgeist-like service centered on providing service to a Chinese audience. It was incorporated into Google Labs as of late 2010, and later discontinued along with its parent project. It was over 4 years old.
## 248 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Directory was an Internet website directory organized into 14 main categories that allowed users to explore the web. It was over 11 years old.
## 249 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Image Swirl was an enhancement to the image search tool that came out of Google Labs. It is built on top of image search by grouping images with similar visual and semantic qualities. It was over 1 year old.
## 250 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Real-Time Search provided live search results from Twitter, Facebook, and news websites. It was over 1 year old.
## 251 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Script Converter was an online transliteration tool for transliteration (script conversion) between Hindi, Romanagari, and various other scripts. It's ended because Google shut down Google Labs and all associated projects. It was over 1 year old.
## 252 Killed almost 12 years ago, Google Sets generates a list of items when users enter a few examples. For example, entering "Green, Purple, Red" emits the list "Green, Purple, Red, Blue, Black, White, Yellow, Orange, Brown". It was about 9 years old.
## 253 Killed about 12 years ago, Google Specialized Search allowed users to search across a limited index of the web for specialized topics like Linux, Microsoft, and 'Uncle Sam.' It was over 13 years old.
## 254 Killed about 12 years ago, Google Hotpot was a local recommendation engine that allowed people to rate restaurants, hotels, etc. and share them with friends. It was 5 months old.
## 255 Killed about 12 years ago, Gizmo5 was a VOIP communications network and a proprietary freeware soft phone for that network. It was over 1 year old.
## 256 Killed over 12 years ago, Real Estate on Google Maps enabled users to find places for sale or rent in an area they were interested in. It was over 1 year old.
## 257 Killed over 12 years ago, fflick was a review, information, and news website that used information from aggregated Tweets to rate movies as positive or negative. It was 6 months old.
## 258 Killed over 12 years ago, Google Base was a database provided by Google into which any user can add almost any type of content, such as text, images, and structured information. It was about 5 years old.
## 259 Killed over 12 years ago, GOOG-411 (or Google Voice Local Search) was a telephone service that provided a speech-recognition-based business directory search. It was over 3 years old.
## 260 Killed about 13 years ago, BumpTop was a skeuomorphic desktop environment app that simulates the normal behavior and physical properties of a real-world desk and enhances it with automatic tools to organize its contents. It was about 2 years old.
## 261 Killed over 13 years ago, SearchWiki was a Google Search feature which allowed logged-in users to annotate and re-order search results. It was over 1 year old.
## 262 Killed over 13 years ago, YouTube Streams allowed users to watch a YouTube video together while chatting about the video in real-time. It was about 3 years old.
## 263 Killed over 13 years ago, Marratech was a Swedish company that made software for e-meetings (e.g., web conferencing, videoconferencing). It was about 11 years old.
## 264 Killed over 13 years ago, The Google Web APIs were a free SOAP service for doing Google searches so that developers could use the results in almost any way they wanted. It was over 7 years old.
## 265 Killed over 13 years ago, Google Ride Finder was a service that used GPS data to pinpoint and map the location of taxis, limos, and shuttle vehicles available for hire in 10 U.S. metro areas. It was over 4 years old.
## 266 Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Toolbar for Firefox It was about 4 years old.
## 267 Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Radio Automation was a hardware and software service used by radio operators to automate song playing among other radio station functions. It was over 2 years old.
## 268 Killed almost 14 years ago, Flix Cloud was a high-capacity online video encoding service. It was 9 months old.
## 269 Killed almost 14 years ago, Google Mashup Editor was an online web mashup creation service with publishing, syntax highlighting, and debugging. It was about 2 years old.
## 270 Killed about 14 years ago, Google Shared Stuff was a web page sharing system that allowed users to bookmark pages and share them. It was over 1 year old.
## 271 Killed over 14 years ago, Grand Central was a Voice over IP service that was acquired by Google, and turned into Google Voice. It was about 4 years old.
## 272 Killed over 14 years ago, Dodgeball was a location-based social network where users texted their location to the service, and it notified them of friends and points of interest nearby. It was over 5 years old.
## 273 Killed over 14 years ago, Google Audio Ads service allowed advertisers to run campaigns on AM/FM radio stations in the US using the AdWords interface. It was 7 months old.
## 274 Killed over 14 years ago, Google Lively was a web-based virtual environment that provided a new way to access information. It was 6 months old.
## 275 Killed over 14 years ago, SearchMash was an experimental, non-branded search engine that Google used to be able to play around with new search technologies, concepts, and interfaces. It was about 2 years old.
## 276 Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Page Creator was a website creation and hosting service that allowed users to build basic websites with no HTML knowledge. It was about 2 years old.
## 277 Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Send to Phone was an add-on to send links and other information from Firefox to their phone by text message. It was almost 2 years old.
## 278 Killed almost 15 years ago, Google Browser Sync was a Firefox extension that synced information like passwords and browsing history. It was about 2 years old.
## 279 Killed about 15 years ago, Hello was a service by Picasa that let users share pictures "like you're sitting side-by-side." It was almost 6 years old.
## 280 Killed over 15 years ago, Google Web Accelerator was a client-side software that increased the load speed of web pages. It was over 2 years old.
## 281 Killed over 15 years ago, Google Zeitgeist was a weekly, monthly, and yearly snapshot in time of what people were searching for on Google all over the world. It was almost 7 years old.
## 282 Killed over 15 years ago, Google Click-to-Call allowed a user to speak directly over the phone to businesses found in search results. It was almost 4 years old.
## 283 Killed almost 16 years ago, The Google Video Player plays back files in Google's own Google Video File (.gvi) media format and supported playlists in 'Google Video Pointer' (.gvp) format. It was 12 months old.
## 284 Killed almost 16 years ago, Google Video Marketplace was a service that included a store where videos could be bought and rented. It was over 1 year old.
## 285 Killed over 16 years ago, Google Answers was an online knowledge market. It was over 4 years old.
## 286 Killed over 16 years ago, Writely was a Web-based word processor. It was about 1 year old.
## 287 Killed almost 17 years ago, Google Public Service Search provided governmental, non-profit and academic organizational search results without ads. It was over 4 years old.
## 288 Killed about 17 years ago, Google Deskbar was a small inset window on the Windows toolbar and allowed users to perform searches without leaving the desktop. It was over 2 years old.Xử lý dữ liệu
Giải thích lại dữ liệu
SwissLabor Dữ liệu tham gia thị trường lao động ở Thụy Sĩ Mô tả: Dữ liệu mặt cắt ngang có nguồn gốc từ cuộc khảo sát sức khỏe SOMIPOPS cho Thụy Sĩ năm 1981.
Một khung dữ liệu chứa 872 quan sát trên 7 biến.
participation: Yếu tố. Cá nhân có tham gia vào lực lượng lao động không?
income: Logarit của thu nhập phi lao động.
age: Tuổi tính bằng thập kỷ (năm chia cho 10).
education: Những năm giáo dục chính quy.
youngkids: Số trẻ nhỏ (dưới 7 tuổi).
oldkids: Số trẻ lớn hơn (trên 7 tuổi).
foregin: Yếu tố. Cá nhân có phải là người nước ngoài (tức là không phải người Thụy Sĩ) không?
library("AER")## Loading required package: car## Loading required package: carData##
## Attaching package: 'car'## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## recode## Loading required package: lmtest## Loading required package: zoo##
## Attaching package: 'zoo'## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## as.Date, as.Date.numeric## Loading required package: sandwich## Loading required package: survival# Lấy dữ liệu của SwissLabor
data("SwissLabor")
# Gán dữ liệu của SwissLabor vào d
d <- SwissLabor
# Mô tả chi tiết kiểu biến số của dataset SwissLabor
str(SwissLabor)## 'data.frame': 872 obs. of 7 variables:
## $ participation: Factor w/ 2 levels "no","yes": 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ...
## $ income : num 10.8 10.5 11 11.1 11.1 ...
## $ age : num 3 4.5 4.6 3.1 4.4 4.2 5.1 3.2 3.9 4.3 ...
## $ education : num 8 8 9 11 12 12 8 8 12 11 ...
## $ youngkids : num 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ oldkids : num 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 ...
## $ foreign : Factor w/ 2 levels "no","yes": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...# Cá nhân có tham gia vào lực lượng lao động có mức thu nhập lớn hơn 10
table(d$participation, d$income > 10)##
## FALSE TRUE
## no 18 453
## yes 12 389Bảng kết quả cho thấy trong tổng số cá nhân không tham gia vào lực lượng lao động có mức thu nhập lớn hơn 10 là 453 quan sát và mức thu nhập nhỏ hơn 10 là 18 quan sát.Trong tổng số cá nhân có tham gia vào lực lượng lao động có mức thu nhập lớn hơn 10 là 389 quan sát và mức thu nhập nhỏ hơn 10 là 12 quan sát.
# Cá nhân là người nước ngoài có những năm giáo dục chính quy trên 7
table(d$foreign, d$education > 7)##
## FALSE TRUE
## no 68 588
## yes 119 97Bảng kết quả cho thấy : Trong tổng số cá nhân không phải là người Thụy Sĩ có những năm giáo dục chính quy trên 7 là 588 cá nhân và có những năm giáo dục chính quy dưới 7 là 68 cá nhân. Trong tổng số cá nhân là người Thụy Sĩ có những năm giáo dục trên 7 là 97 cá nhân và có những năm giáo dục dưới 7 là 119 cá nhân.
# Cá nhân là người nước ngoài có số tuổi lớn hơn 30
table(d$foreign, d$age > 3.0)##
## FALSE TRUE
## no 132 524
## yes 51 165Bảng kết quả cho thấy: Tổng số cá nhân là người Thụy Sĩ có tuổi lớn hơn 30 là 165 cá nhân và nhỏ hơn 30 tuổi là 51 cá nhân. Tổng số cá nhân không phải là người Thụy Sĩ có tuổi lớn hơn 30 là 524 cá nhân và nhỏ hơn 30 tuổi là 132 cá nhân.
# Cá nhân không có trẻ nhỏ hơn 7 và có trẻ lớn hơn 7 nhiều hơn 2
table(d$youngkids < 1, d$oldkids > 2)##
## FALSE TRUE
## FALSE 202 5
## TRUE 597 68Bảng kết quả cho thấy: Trong tổng số cá nhân không có trẻ nhỏ hơn 7 và có trẻ lớn hơn 7 nhiều hơn 2 là 5 quan sát, cá nhân không có trẻ nhỏ hơn 7 và có trẻ lớn hơn 7 ít hơn 2 là 202 quan sát. Trong tổng số cá nhân có trẻ nhỏ hơn 7 và có trẻ lớn hơn 7 nhiều hơn 2 68, cá nhân có trẻ nhỏ hơn 7 và có trẻ lớn hơn 7 ít hơn 2 là 597 quan sát
Bài tập tuần 3
Billboard Bảng xếp hạng bài hát trong top 100 Billboard năm 2000
Một khung dữ liệu với những biến sau.
artist: Tên nghệ sĩ.
track: Tên bài hát.
date.enter: Ngày bài hát lọt vào top 100.
wk1 – wk76: Thứ hạng của bài hát trong mỗi tuần sau khi nó được đưa vào.
3.1 Pivot table
library("tidyverse")## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ readr 2.1.4
## ✔ ggplot2 3.4.2 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tibble 3.2.1
## ✔ purrr 1.0.1 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ readr::guess_encoding() masks rvest::guess_encoding()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ✖ car::recode() masks dplyr::recode()
## ✖ purrr::some() masks car::some()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errorsdata("billboard")
sta <- billboard
str(billboard)## tibble [317 × 79] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ artist : chr [1:317] "2 Pac" "2Ge+her" "3 Doors Down" "3 Doors Down" ...
## $ track : chr [1:317] "Baby Don't Cry (Keep..." "The Hardest Part Of ..." "Kryptonite" "Loser" ...
## $ date.entered: Date[1:317], format: "2000-02-26" "2000-09-02" ...
## $ wk1 : num [1:317] 87 91 81 76 57 51 97 84 59 76 ...
## $ wk2 : num [1:317] 82 87 70 76 34 39 97 62 53 76 ...
## $ wk3 : num [1:317] 72 92 68 72 25 34 96 51 38 74 ...
## $ wk4 : num [1:317] 77 NA 67 69 17 26 95 41 28 69 ...
## $ wk5 : num [1:317] 87 NA 66 67 17 26 100 38 21 68 ...
## $ wk6 : num [1:317] 94 NA 57 65 31 19 NA 35 18 67 ...
## $ wk7 : num [1:317] 99 NA 54 55 36 2 NA 35 16 61 ...
## $ wk8 : num [1:317] NA NA 53 59 49 2 NA 38 14 58 ...
## $ wk9 : num [1:317] NA NA 51 62 53 3 NA 38 12 57 ...
## $ wk10 : num [1:317] NA NA 51 61 57 6 NA 36 10 59 ...
## $ wk11 : num [1:317] NA NA 51 61 64 7 NA 37 9 66 ...
## $ wk12 : num [1:317] NA NA 51 59 70 22 NA 37 8 68 ...
## $ wk13 : num [1:317] NA NA 47 61 75 29 NA 38 6 61 ...
## $ wk14 : num [1:317] NA NA 44 66 76 36 NA 49 1 67 ...
## $ wk15 : num [1:317] NA NA 38 72 78 47 NA 61 2 59 ...
## $ wk16 : num [1:317] NA NA 28 76 85 67 NA 63 2 63 ...
## $ wk17 : num [1:317] NA NA 22 75 92 66 NA 62 2 67 ...
## $ wk18 : num [1:317] NA NA 18 67 96 84 NA 67 2 71 ...
## $ wk19 : num [1:317] NA NA 18 73 NA 93 NA 83 3 79 ...
## $ wk20 : num [1:317] NA NA 14 70 NA 94 NA 86 4 89 ...
## $ wk21 : num [1:317] NA NA 12 NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA ...
## $ wk22 : num [1:317] NA NA 7 NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA ...
## $ wk23 : num [1:317] NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA 6 NA ...
## $ wk24 : num [1:317] NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA 9 NA ...
## $ wk25 : num [1:317] NA NA 6 NA NA NA NA NA 13 NA ...
## $ wk26 : num [1:317] NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA 14 NA ...
## $ wk27 : num [1:317] NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA 16 NA ...
## $ wk28 : num [1:317] NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA NA 23 NA ...
## $ wk29 : num [1:317] NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA NA 22 NA ...
## $ wk30 : num [1:317] NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA NA 33 NA ...
## $ wk31 : num [1:317] NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA NA 36 NA ...
## $ wk32 : num [1:317] NA NA 3 NA NA NA NA NA 43 NA ...
## $ wk33 : num [1:317] NA NA 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk34 : num [1:317] NA NA 3 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk35 : num [1:317] NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk36 : num [1:317] NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk37 : num [1:317] NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk38 : num [1:317] NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk39 : num [1:317] NA NA 9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk40 : num [1:317] NA NA 15 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk41 : num [1:317] NA NA 14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk42 : num [1:317] NA NA 13 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk43 : num [1:317] NA NA 14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk44 : num [1:317] NA NA 16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk45 : num [1:317] NA NA 17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk46 : num [1:317] NA NA 21 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk47 : num [1:317] NA NA 22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk48 : num [1:317] NA NA 24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk49 : num [1:317] NA NA 28 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk50 : num [1:317] NA NA 33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk51 : num [1:317] NA NA 42 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk52 : num [1:317] NA NA 42 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk53 : num [1:317] NA NA 49 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk54 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk55 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk56 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk57 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk58 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk59 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk60 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk61 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk62 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk63 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk64 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk65 : num [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk66 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk67 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk68 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk69 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk70 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk71 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk72 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk73 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk74 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk75 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...
## $ wk76 : logi [1:317] NA NA NA NA NA NA ...head(billboard)## # A tibble: 6 × 79
## artist track date.entered wk1 wk2 wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8
## <chr> <chr> <date> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 2 Pac Baby… 2000-02-26 87 82 72 77 87 94 99 NA
## 2 2Ge+her The … 2000-09-02 91 87 92 NA NA NA NA NA
## 3 3 Doors Do… Kryp… 2000-04-08 81 70 68 67 66 57 54 53
## 4 3 Doors Do… Loser 2000-10-21 76 76 72 69 67 65 55 59
## 5 504 Boyz Wobb… 2000-04-15 57 34 25 17 17 31 36 49
## 6 98^0 Give… 2000-08-19 51 39 34 26 26 19 2 2
## # ℹ 68 more variables: wk9 <dbl>, wk10 <dbl>, wk11 <dbl>, wk12 <dbl>,
## # wk13 <dbl>, wk14 <dbl>, wk15 <dbl>, wk16 <dbl>, wk17 <dbl>, wk18 <dbl>,
## # wk19 <dbl>, wk20 <dbl>, wk21 <dbl>, wk22 <dbl>, wk23 <dbl>, wk24 <dbl>,
## # wk25 <dbl>, wk26 <dbl>, wk27 <dbl>, wk28 <dbl>, wk29 <dbl>, wk30 <dbl>,
## # wk31 <dbl>, wk32 <dbl>, wk33 <dbl>, wk34 <dbl>, wk35 <dbl>, wk36 <dbl>,
## # wk37 <dbl>, wk38 <dbl>, wk39 <dbl>, wk40 <dbl>, wk41 <dbl>, wk42 <dbl>,
## # wk43 <dbl>, wk44 <dbl>, wk45 <dbl>, wk46 <dbl>, wk47 <dbl>, wk48 <dbl>, …3.2 Pivot longer
tmp <- sta |> pivot_longer(cols = c("wk1", "wk2","wk3","wk4"), names_to = "weeks", values_to = "wk1_wk2_wk3-wk4")Dùng hàm pivot_longer để chuyển đổi dữ liệu từ dạng rộng sang dạng dài.
Gom những cột “wk1”,“wk2”,“wk3”,“wk4” trong “sta” lại thành một cột và đặt tên cho cột mới chứa tên cột gốc đã được nối là “weeks”.
values_to =“wk1_wk2_wk3_wk4” chỉ định tên cho cột mới chứa giá trị của cột gốc đã được nối. Chúng ta đặt tên cho cột mới là “weeks”.
Gán bảng dữ liệu mới với tên “tmp”
tmp <- sta |> pivot_longer(cols = c("wk1","wk2","wk3","wk4"), names_to = "weeks", values_to = "wk1_wk2_wk3_wk4",values_drop_na = T)Loại bỏ những hàng chứa giá trị Not Available (NA)
Tạo ra một chuổi giá trị đơn nhất là 1 với độ dài bằng độ dài của cột “wk1_wk2_wk3_wk4” trong tmp và đặt tên cột đó là “na”.
Bài tập tuần 2
2.1 Lấy lại dữ liệu “SwissLabor”.
library(AER)
data("SwissLabor")
northeast <- SwissLabor[SwissLabor$participation == 'northeast',]
notnortheast <- SwissLabor[!SwissLabor$participation == 'northeast',]
summary(SwissLabor$age)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 2.000 3.200 3.900 3.996 4.800 6.200Các giá trị thống kê này cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về phân phối và trung bình của biến “age”.
Giá trị tối thiểu (Min.) là 2.000 cho biết có ít nhất một giá trị trong biến “age” bằng 2.000.
Giá trị phân vị thứ nhất (1st Qu.) là 3.200, cho biết 25% giá trị của biến “age” nằm dưới hoặc bằng 3.200.
Giá trị trung vị (Median) là 3.900, chia nhóm dữ liệu thành hai phần bằng nhau, với 50% giá trị dưới và 50% giá trị trên.
Giá trị trung bình (Mean) là 3.996, biểu thị giá trị trung bình của biến “age” trong tập dữ liệu.
Giá trị phân vị thứ ba (3rd Qu.) là 4.800, cho biết 75% giá trị của biến “age” nằm dưới hoặc bằng 4.800
Giá trị tối đa (Max) là 6.200, cho biết giá trị lớn nhất trong biến “age”.
SwissLabor$aged <- cut(SwissLabor$age, breaks = c(2,3.5,5,6),labels = c("Youth","Middle-age","Old age"))
table(SwissLabor$aged)##
## Youth Middle-age Old age
## 327 374 152Dùng hàm “cut” để chia các giá trị của biến “age” thành các nhóm dựa trên các khoảng giá trị đã chỉ định trong “breaks”. Các khoảng giá trị là c(2,3.5,5,6), tức là giá trị từ 2 đến 3.5 sẽ được gán nhãn “Youth”, giá trị từ 3.5 đến 5 sẽ được gán nhãn “Middle-age”, giá trị từ 5 đến 6 sẽ được gán nhãn “Old age”. Kết quả của phân loại này được lưu vào biến “aged”.
Sau khi thực hiện phân loại, chúng ta lập bảng tần số cho biết số lượng quan sát trong mỗi nhóm của biến “aged”.
Bảng tần số trên cho ta thấy: có 327 quan sát thuộc nhóm “Youth”, có 374 quan sát thuộc nhóm “Middle-age”, có 152 quan sát thuộc nhóm “Old age”.
2.2 Tính đặc trưng đo lường
2.2.1 Giá trị trung bình
mean(SwissLabor$age)## [1] 3.995528Kết quả trên cho biết giá trị trung bình (mean) của biến “age” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor” là khoảng 3.995528.
2.2.2 Phương sai
var(SwissLabor$age)## [1] 1.113378Kết quả trên cho biết phương sai (variance) của biến “age” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor” là khoảng 1.113378.
2.2.3 Độ lệch chuẩn
sd(SwissLabor$age)## [1] 1.055167Kết quả trên cho biết độ lệch chuẩn (standard deviation) của biến “age” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor” là 1.055167.
2.2.4 Tính tổng
sum(SwissLabor$age)## [1] 3484.1Kết quả trên cho biết tổng của các giá trị trong biến “education” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor” là 3484.1.
2.2.5 Tính phân vị
quantile(SwissLabor$age, .3)## 30%
## 3.3Kết quả trên có nghĩa là khoảng 30% các quan sát trong biến “age” có giá trị nhỏ hơn hoặc bằng 3.3 trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor”.
2.2.6 Tính bảng tần số
table(SwissLabor$participation)##
## no yes
## 471 401Bảng tần số này cho biết số lượng quan sát trong từng nhóm của biến “participation” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor”.
Kết quả trên cho thấy có 471 quan sát thuộc nhóm “no”, có 401 quan sát thuộc nhóm “yes”.
2.2.7 Tính giá trị trung bình (mean) của biến “age” theo từng nhóm trong biến “participation” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor”.
aggregate(SwissLabor$age,list(SwissLabor$participation),FUN = 'mean')## Group.1 x
## 1 no 4.085350
## 2 yes 3.890025Kết quả trên cho thấy giá trị trung bình của biến “age” trong nhóm “no” là 4.085350, trong nhóm “yes” là 3.890025.
Ta có thể thấy nhóm “no” có giá trị trung bình cao hơn giá trị trung bình nhóm “yes”.
2.2.8 Tính độ lệch chuẩn (standard deviation) của biến “age” theo từng nhóm trong biến “participation” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor”
aggregate(SwissLabor$age,list(SwissLabor$participation),FUN = 'sd')## Group.1 x
## 1 no 1.1612254
## 2 yes 0.9051521Kết quả trên cho thấy độ lệch chuẩn của biến “age” trong nhóm “no” là 1.1612254, trong nhóm “yes” là 0.0951521.
Ta có thể thấy nhóm “no” có độ lệch chuẩn cao hơn nhóm “yes”.
2.2.9 Tính phương sai (variance) của biến “age” theo từng nhóm trong biến “participation” trong bộ dữ liệu “SwissLabor”
aggregate(SwissLabor$age,list(SwissLabor$participation),FUN = 'var')## Group.1 x
## 1 no 1.3484445
## 2 yes 0.8193002Kết quả cho thấy phương sai của biến “age” trong nhóm “no” là 1.3484445, trong nhóm “yes” là 0.8193002.
Ta có thể thấy phương sai của biến “age” trong nhóm “no” cao hơn nhóm “yes”.
2.2.10 Lấy dữ liệu
r = getOption("repos")
r["CRAN"] = "https://cran.r-project.org"
options(repos = r)
install.packages("tidyverse")## Warning: unable to access index for repository https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib:
## download from 'https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/PACKAGES' failed## Warning: package 'tidyverse' is not available for this version of R
##
## A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
## see the ideas at
## https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packageslibrary("tidyverse")2.2.11 Nhóm dữ liệu SwissLabor lại theo các nhóm tham gia lực lượng lao động (participation) trong bảng dữ liệu.
SwissLabor %>% group_by(participation)## # A tibble: 872 × 8
## # Groups: participation [2]
## participation income age education youngkids oldkids foreign aged
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <fct> <fct>
## 1 no 10.8 3 8 1 1 no Youth
## 2 yes 10.5 4.5 8 0 1 no Middle-age
## 3 no 11.0 4.6 9 0 0 no Middle-age
## 4 no 11.1 3.1 11 2 0 no Youth
## 5 no 11.1 4.4 12 0 2 no Middle-age
## 6 yes 11.0 4.2 12 0 1 no Middle-age
## 7 no 11.5 5.1 8 0 0 no Old age
## 8 yes 10.5 3.2 8 0 2 no Youth
## 9 no 10.6 3.9 12 0 0 no Middle-age
## 10 no 10.5 4.3 11 0 2 no Middle-age
## # ℹ 862 more rows2.2.12 Ghép dữ liệu
poi2 <- rpois(100,15)
poi2## [1] 17 11 15 14 17 16 10 14 14 19 20 22 17 11 13 18 18 17 15 15 19 13 15 15 15
## [26] 22 11 17 17 16 15 16 14 12 20 16 17 14 15 10 14 15 19 17 9 17 15 11 11 15
## [51] 11 10 18 17 15 18 16 10 17 17 13 13 20 22 10 16 22 16 15 19 15 22 17 8 12
## [76] 12 18 11 16 14 17 13 19 13 16 13 20 23 7 15 17 11 12 15 6 12 26 14 10 24Tạo vector chứa 100 giá trị ngẫu nhiên từ phân phối Poisson với lambda bằng 15
is.vector(poi2)## [1] TRUEKiểm tra đối tượng “poi2” có phải là một vector hay không. Kết quả trả về “TRUE” nghĩa là “poi2” là một vector.
is.data.frame(poi2)## [1] FALSEKiểm tra đối tượng “poi2” có phải là một data frame hay không. Kết quả trả về “FLASE” nghĩa là “poi2” không phải là một data frame.
poi2 <- as.data.frame(poi2)Đối tượng “poi2” ban đầu là một vector, đã được chuyển thành data frame. Bằng cách sử dụng as.data.frame(), mỗi giá trị trong vector poi2 sẽ trở thành một cột trong data frame mới.
tt <- seq(10, length= 100)
tt## [1] 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
## [19] 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
## [37] 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
## [55] 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
## [73] 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
## [91] 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109Kết quả trên là một vector có 100 phần tử, bắt đầu từ giá trị 10 và tăng dần theo khoảng cách giữa các phần tử, sao cho nó có tổng cộng là 100 phần tử.
poi2$tt <- tt```# Bài # Bài tập tuần 1
SwissLabor Dữ liệu tham gia thị trường lao động Thụy Sĩ
Dữ liệu cắt ngang có nguồn gốc từ cuộc khảo sát sức khỏe SOMIPOPS cho Thụy Sĩ năm 1981.
Một khung dữ liệu chứa 872 quan sát trên 7 biến.
participation: Nhân tố. Cá nhân có tham gia vào lực lượng lao động không?
income: Logarit của thu nhập phi lao động.
age: Tuổi theo thập kỷ (năm chia cho 10).
education: Năm học chính quy.
youngkids: Năm học chính quy.
oldkids: Số trẻ lớn hơn (trên 7 tuổi).
foreign: Nhân tố. Cá nhân đó có phải là người nước ngoài (nghĩa là không phải người Thụy Sĩ) không?
installed.packages("AER")## Package LibPath Version Priority Depends Imports LinkingTo Suggests
## Enhances License License_is_FOSS License_restricts_use OS_type Archs
## MD5sum NeedsCompilation Builtlibrary(AER)
# Lấy dữ liệu của SwissLabor
data("SwissLabor")
# Gán dữ liệu của SwissLabor cho d
d <- SwissLabor
# Mô tả chi tiết kiểu biến số của dataset SwissLabor
str(SwissLabor)## 'data.frame': 872 obs. of 7 variables:
## $ participation: Factor w/ 2 levels "no","yes": 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ...
## $ income : num 10.8 10.5 11 11.1 11.1 ...
## $ age : num 3 4.5 4.6 3.1 4.4 4.2 5.1 3.2 3.9 4.3 ...
## $ education : num 8 8 9 11 12 12 8 8 12 11 ...
## $ youngkids : num 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ oldkids : num 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 ...
## $ foreign : Factor w/ 2 levels "no","yes": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...# Lấy dữ liệu của 6 dòng đầu biến d
head(d)## participation income age education youngkids oldkids foreign
## 1 no 10.78750 3.0 8 1 1 no
## 2 yes 10.52425 4.5 8 0 1 no
## 3 no 10.96858 4.6 9 0 0 no
## 4 no 11.10500 3.1 11 2 0 no
## 5 no 11.10847 4.4 12 0 2 no
## 6 yes 11.02825 4.2 12 0 1 no# Gán tên viết tắt cho các biến
names(d) <- c('P','I','A','E','YK','OK')
# Lấy dữ liệu của biến A
A1 <- d$A
# Tuổi theo thập kỷ lớn hơn 4
A14 <- A1[A1>4]
# Tuổi theo thập kỷ lớn hơn 4 nhỏ hơn 6
A146 <- A1[A1>4 & A1<6]
# Log của biến năm học chính quy
d$logE <- log(d$E)
# Log của biến tuổi theo thập kỷ
d$logA <- log(d$A)
# Tổng giá trị của E và A
d$Tong <- d$E + d$A
d$Tong## [1] 11.0 12.5 13.6 14.1 16.4 16.2 13.1 11.2 15.9 15.3 15.5 18.0 14.3 19.6 16.6
## [16] 15.7 13.0 15.9 12.7 16.3 21.9 15.6 12.4 14.0 13.4 12.7 11.8 12.7 16.9 14.0
## [31] 16.1 13.8 16.4 12.9 15.3 13.5 13.4 13.0 16.6 11.3 16.1 12.3 13.8 17.3 16.5
## [46] 15.7 18.6 16.6 13.1 14.2 12.2 11.2 12.4 13.4 17.8 13.4 14.5 13.3 21.0 15.0
## [61] 14.9 12.5 19.1 17.0 13.4 7.5 13.1 18.1 15.5 11.0 18.1 12.5 13.5 14.5 21.4
## [76] 14.6 13.4 12.3 14.4 13.4 11.4 12.2 11.4 11.1 13.4 11.2 11.6 13.2 17.4 16.9
## [91] 18.9 14.5 12.8 11.6 13.0 12.8 11.5 13.2 15.3 12.8 13.8 11.6 13.8 12.6 16.9
## [106] 12.8 14.6 12.7 17.8 14.7 15.2 12.1 14.5 15.4 9.7 14.4 12.6 7.4 18.7 13.4
## [121] 15.3 14.2 10.6 11.8 12.6 13.2 8.4 10.1 9.8 12.7 11.7 14.1 13.7 12.8 15.2
## [136] 12.0 15.0 12.5 12.7 17.4 15.2 14.1 14.6 10.4 12.5 11.7 13.5 18.1 16.1 17.4
## [151] 14.7 13.1 14.2 11.4 15.5 16.6 13.0 14.4 15.8 12.1 15.8 13.5 17.6 17.0 12.4
## [166] 16.9 16.7 14.6 12.3 12.8 12.7 13.3 13.4 14.9 13.4 13.4 12.1 11.5 15.7 12.0
## [181] 10.4 15.3 13.9 15.0 15.1 16.2 11.9 12.0 12.7 11.0 15.3 16.2 14.4 12.6 9.4
## [196] 11.6 16.5 15.3 9.5 15.6 11.7 14.9 13.3 11.2 15.3 14.0 17.7 12.9 12.7 14.1
## [211] 12.1 15.1 16.3 13.1 13.6 13.9 11.0 24.0 4.4 12.9 13.9 11.0 13.0 10.4 15.9
## [226] 15.8 14.3 12.9 11.4 16.2 12.5 13.7 13.1 15.4 12.5 19.5 14.8 13.5 16.4 17.6
## [241] 16.3 14.0 12.4 9.6 13.0 12.2 19.0 13.9 13.8 13.8 9.7 9.4 13.9 23.1 14.6
## [256] 14.3 12.8 11.9 14.3 13.8 11.8 13.1 17.5 16.0 13.8 10.8 18.6 9.0 12.7 13.5
## [271] 14.8 12.5 7.9 12.0 13.3 12.3 18.8 13.4 14.2 14.4 13.8 14.8 16.6 13.0 18.3
## [286] 12.8 17.6 15.6 15.7 14.7 15.6 14.7 13.3 12.7 18.5 17.2 14.3 16.5 12.9 13.3
## [301] 6.9 17.4 18.3 13.6 15.2 14.9 15.0 14.9 13.7 11.4 17.7 15.3 13.6 14.5 16.7
## [316] 13.4 17.3 9.2 15.5 12.7 13.2 15.1 14.0 9.8 20.7 14.0 15.4 10.6 17.9 14.1
## [331] 14.0 13.5 12.4 10.4 13.1 11.7 11.9 7.5 12.6 12.3 13.7 12.8 16.3 16.7 13.1
## [346] 14.7 17.2 15.8 17.1 14.3 15.4 12.2 13.9 11.4 15.6 14.1 13.1 16.6 15.6 16.7
## [361] 15.8 12.9 13.2 8.3 15.9 19.1 14.8 8.9 14.6 12.8 15.1 15.9 17.8 18.4 16.5
## [376] 10.7 13.3 14.1 18.0 12.6 17.1 14.9 19.8 14.1 9.9 13.1 12.5 15.5 14.3 14.2
## [391] 11.3 12.6 7.0 13.6 14.5 16.1 12.1 15.8 12.4 13.5 15.3 13.9 15.8 13.3 10.2
## [406] 14.6 11.8 12.0 16.1 13.4 13.0 16.7 11.1 12.2 13.1 10.1 11.7 15.8 14.8 14.0
## [421] 13.1 11.1 14.2 11.6 14.7 12.4 14.8 13.2 16.1 12.8 10.1 13.3 14.8 13.7 20.4
## [436] 13.0 13.9 14.1 12.6 10.0 11.7 13.1 12.3 19.4 14.3 11.9 15.2 6.5 17.6 15.1
## [451] 13.3 13.2 14.9 13.6 17.3 9.2 13.8 14.7 15.4 18.6 15.8 18.0 15.9 17.0 16.1
## [466] 16.6 14.8 16.3 15.3 15.7 15.1 10.1 15.0 14.9 16.8 15.5 19.5 13.8 13.2 15.5
## [481] 7.7 15.6 19.6 15.0 9.6 14.0 13.9 11.8 18.2 14.3 11.4 18.5 15.4 12.7 19.9
## [496] 12.6 11.7 15.8 9.3 10.2 16.5 15.5 10.7 13.4 12.5 17.8 12.7 12.9 14.6 15.7
## [511] 14.1 15.8 13.6 17.4 16.0 10.8 14.1 15.8 16.5 19.2 15.5 13.4 17.6 15.9 16.6
## [526] 14.3 16.8 19.0 16.7 14.8 10.0 13.1 9.4 14.5 14.8 10.3 16.0 11.3 13.9 14.0
## [541] 15.9 17.4 8.8 16.5 12.0 13.5 14.9 24.1 12.9 15.9 12.0 11.6 12.8 13.1 10.8
## [556] 14.0 15.8 16.5 15.9 11.4 17.7 13.3 16.6 18.4 16.9 15.7 9.2 17.2 8.6 15.5
## [571] 15.2 15.5 15.0 16.5 16.0 12.9 14.7 10.3 15.0 13.2 15.2 10.9 12.5 13.1 11.5
## [586] 13.8 10.7 9.6 9.2 15.1 13.5 19.2 15.0 15.7 13.7 15.6 13.4 11.3 13.0 17.8
## [601] 13.0 15.3 18.0 15.1 15.1 12.3 15.5 13.6 16.4 11.1 12.9 13.9 14.7 17.2 16.4
## [616] 13.6 15.0 14.8 19.5 15.2 15.2 12.9 15.3 15.9 13.7 16.2 17.6 16.1 7.7 11.8
## [631] 13.1 14.0 11.0 12.5 14.5 12.5 13.4 11.5 20.2 15.3 12.6 10.0 15.2 13.8 12.1
## [646] 9.4 6.1 18.6 11.4 13.7 15.1 13.2 14.2 12.1 15.7 12.9 13.6 9.6 13.4 8.8
## [661] 7.4 15.4 9.8 8.8 8.2 9.0 8.6 17.0 13.5 14.0 7.5 11.2 12.9 11.4 9.0
## [676] 17.2 10.7 11.2 15.0 9.0 8.7 8.8 9.6 13.8 6.8 15.8 11.1 7.9 12.1 10.2
## [691] 8.1 8.6 6.8 8.7 11.4 9.2 14.2 9.8 11.2 11.1 6.6 15.3 8.4 8.5 7.9
## [706] 8.6 8.1 13.1 16.1 10.8 5.9 7.5 8.9 14.2 9.9 10.4 10.3 11.4 8.5 12.9
## [721] 9.8 9.1 8.7 12.8 11.2 15.6 8.3 20.5 10.0 8.2 9.0 9.7 15.0 10.8 8.9
## [736] 15.6 7.9 8.8 7.9 9.6 10.8 7.5 7.9 13.1 8.1 7.5 8.0 11.1 15.4 13.8
## [751] 6.1 13.9 11.7 21.4 15.0 10.5 8.9 9.3 11.6 8.6 8.4 10.4 3.9 13.2 10.5
## [766] 8.4 11.7 7.6 15.8 12.5 11.4 9.6 12.6 9.0 13.0 10.7 10.5 11.0 9.5 6.3
## [781] 14.6 9.6 6.3 11.2 16.4 6.3 8.5 14.9 12.2 9.7 13.6 12.1 7.5 13.9 8.1
## [796] 15.1 20.9 11.5 9.7 8.7 11.0 8.2 11.4 8.1 8.6 11.3 10.9 10.1 12.7 7.0
## [811] 11.0 10.9 6.6 11.1 8.2 9.4 10.3 10.4 10.7 10.8 9.2 16.7 12.2 9.2 8.7
## [826] 8.6 12.1 6.8 16.6 10.5 9.7 11.4 6.4 12.7 7.0 12.1 12.0 7.6 10.0 8.8
## [841] 11.4 12.5 19.6 11.6 11.1 9.9 10.5 8.0 11.7 10.1 8.6 5.3 9.1 15.2 13.5
## [856] 17.7 19.1 17.3 7.8 14.8 12.4 9.3 13.5 14.1 9.1 12.5 18.2 6.4 12.8 8.4
## [871] 14.1 15.1cut(A1,4)## [1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [7] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
## [13] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [19] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [25] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [31] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2]
## [37] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [43] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [49] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [55] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15]
## [61] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [67] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [73] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [79] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [85] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [91] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [97] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [103] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [109] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [115] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [121] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [127] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [133] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [139] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [145] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [151] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [157] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [163] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [169] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [175] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [181] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [187] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [193] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [199] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [205] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [211] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [217] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [223] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [229] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [235] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2]
## [241] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [247] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2]
## [253] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [259] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [265] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2]
## [271] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [277] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [283] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [289] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [295] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [301] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [307] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [313] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2]
## [319] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2]
## [325] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [331] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [337] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [343] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [349] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [355] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [361] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [367] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [373] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
## [379] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [385] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [391] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [397] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
## [403] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [409] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [415] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [421] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [427] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15]
## [433] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [439] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [445] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15]
## [451] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [457] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2]
## [463] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [469] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [475] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [481] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [487] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [493] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [499] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15]
## [505] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [511] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [517] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [523] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [529] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2]
## [535] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [541] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [547] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [553] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [559] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
## [565] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [571] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [577] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2]
## [583] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05]
## [589] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [595] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
## [601] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [607] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2]
## [613] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [619] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [625] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [631] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [637] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [643] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2]
## [649] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [655] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [661] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [667] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [673] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [679] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [685] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [691] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [697] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [703] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [709] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [715] (5.15,6.2] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [721] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [727] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [733] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [739] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [745] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [751] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [757] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [763] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05]
## [769] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1]
## [775] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15]
## [781] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [787] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [793] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1]
## [799] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [805] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [811] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [817] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (2,3.05] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15]
## [823] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [829] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15] (4.1,5.15]
## [835] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (2,3.05]
## [841] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [847] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1] (5.15,6.2] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2] (3.05,4.1]
## [853] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1]
## [859] (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## [865] (3.05,4.1] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05] (4.1,5.15] (2,3.05]
## [871] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15]
## Levels: (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]table(cut(A1,4))##
## (2,3.05] (3.05,4.1] (4.1,5.15] (5.15,6.2]
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