Analysis of Global COVID-19 Pandemic Data

Srishti Puri

2023-06-20

Analysis of Global COVID-19 Pandemic Data

Scraping data

Get COVID-19 pandemic Wiki page using HTTP request

# Define a function
get_wiki_covid19_page <- function() {
 
  # Set Wiki page base
  wiki_base_url <- "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php" 
  
  # Create a List which has an element called `title` to specify the page
  wiki_title_list <- list(title = 'Template:COVID-19_testing_by_country') 
  
  # Use the `GET` function to get a HTTP response
  wiki_response <- GET(wiki_base_url , query = wiki_title_list)
  
  # Use the `return` function to return the response
  return(wiki_response)
}

Call the get_wiki_covid19_page function

wiki_covid19_page_response <-  get_wiki_covid19_page()
print(wiki_covid19_page_response)
## Response [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACOVID-19_testing_by_country]
##   Date: 2023-06-21 23:20
##   Status: 200
##   Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
##   Size: 433 kB
## <!DOCTYPE html>
## <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-fea...
## <head>
## <meta charset="UTF-8">
## <title>Template:COVID-19 testing by country - Wikipedia</title>
## <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js vector-feature-language...
## "wgCanonicalNamespace":"Template","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNames...
## "CS1 Khmer-language sources (km)","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS...
## "CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)","CS1 Burmese-language sources (my)...
## },"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVari...
## ...

Extract COVID-19 testing data table

# Get the root html node from the http response 
wiki_covid19_response <- read_html(wiki_covid19_page_response)

# Get the table node from the root html node
wiki_covid19_table_nodes <- html_nodes(wiki_covid19_response, "table")

# Read the specific table from the multiple tables in the table_node using the html_table function
wiki_covid19_table_index <- 2
wiki_covid19_specific_table <- html_table(wiki_covid19_table_nodes[[wiki_covid19_table_index]])

# Convert the table into a dataframe
wiki_covid19_df <- as.data.frame(wiki_covid19_specific_table)
head(wiki_covid19_df)
##     Country or region     Date[a]  Tested Units[b] Confirmed(cases)
## 1         Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154,767  samples           49,621
## 2             Albania 18 Feb 2021 428,654  samples           96,838
## 3             Algeria  2 Nov 2020 230,553  samples           58,574
## 4             Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300,307  samples           37,958
## 5              Angola  2 Feb 2021 399,228  samples           20,981
## 6 Antigua and Barbuda  6 Mar 2021  15,268  samples              832
##   Confirmed /tested,% Tested /population,% Confirmed /population,%   Ref.
## 1                32.1                 0.40                    0.13    [1]
## 2                22.6                 15.0                     3.4    [2]
## 3                25.4                 0.53                    0.13 [3][4]
## 4                12.6                  387                    49.0    [5]
## 5                 5.3                  1.3                   0.067    [6]
## 6                 5.4                 15.9                    0.86    [7]

Pre-process and export the extracted data

##  Country or region    Date[a]             Tested            Units[b]        
##  Length:173         Length:173         Length:173         Length:173        
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Confirmed(cases)   Confirmed /tested,% Tested /population,%
##  Length:173         Length:173          Length:173          
##  Class :character   Class :character    Class :character    
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character    Mode  :character    
##  Confirmed /population,%     Ref.          
##  Length:173              Length:173        
##  Class :character        Class :character  
##  Mode  :character        Mode  :character

Create a function to preprocess the data

preprocess_covid_data_frame <- function(data_frame) {
  
  shape <- dim(data_frame)
  
  # Remove the last row
  data_frame <- data_frame[1:172, ]
  
  # We dont need the Units and Ref columns, so can be removed
  data_frame["Ref."] <- NULL
  data_frame["Units[b]"] <- NULL
  
  # Renaming the columns
  names(data_frame) <- c("country", "date", "tested", "confirmed", "confirmed.tested.ratio", "tested.population.ratio", "confirmed.population.ratio")
  
  # Convert column data types
  data_frame$country <- as.factor(data_frame$country)
  data_frame$date <- as.factor(data_frame$date)
  data_frame$tested <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",data_frame$tested))
  data_frame$confirmed <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",data_frame$confirmed))
  data_frame$'confirmed.tested.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",data_frame$`confirmed.tested.ratio`))
  data_frame$'tested.population.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",data_frame$`tested.population.ratio`))
  data_frame$'confirmed.population.ratio' <- as.numeric(gsub(",","",data_frame$`confirmed.population.ratio`))
  
  return(data_frame)
}

Apply the function to the data

##                 country             date         tested         
##  Afghanistan        :  1   2 Feb 2023 :  6   Min.   :     3880  
##  Albania            :  1   1 Feb 2023 :  4   1st Qu.:   512037  
##  Algeria            :  1   31 Jan 2023:  4   Median :  3029859  
##  Andorra            :  1   1 Mar 2021 :  3   Mean   : 31376832  
##  Angola             :  1   23 Jul 2021:  3   3rd Qu.: 12386725  
##  Antigua and Barbuda:  1   29 Jan 2023:  3   Max.   :929349291  
##  (Other)            :166   (Other)    :149                      
##    confirmed        confirmed.tested.ratio tested.population.ratio
##  Min.   :       0   Min.   : 0.00          Min.   :   0.006       
##  1st Qu.:   37839   1st Qu.: 5.00          1st Qu.:   9.475       
##  Median :  281196   Median :10.05          Median :  46.950       
##  Mean   : 2508336   Mean   :11.25          Mean   : 175.504       
##  3rd Qu.: 1278105   3rd Qu.:15.25          3rd Qu.: 156.500       
##  Max.   :90749469   Max.   :46.80          Max.   :3223.000       
##                                                                   
##  confirmed.population.ratio
##  Min.   : 0.000            
##  1st Qu.: 0.425            
##  Median : 6.100            
##  Mean   :12.769            
##  3rd Qu.:16.250            
##  Max.   :74.400            
## 

Export the processed data to a csv file and store it in a data frame

##   X             country        date tested confirmed confirmed.tested.ratio
## 1 1         Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020 154767     49621                   32.1
## 2 2             Albania 18 Feb 2021 428654     96838                   22.6
## 3 3             Algeria  2 Nov 2020 230553     58574                   25.4
## 4 4             Andorra 23 Feb 2022 300307     37958                   12.6
## 5 5              Angola  2 Feb 2021 399228     20981                    5.3
## 6 6 Antigua and Barbuda  6 Mar 2021  15268       832                    5.4
##   tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio
## 1                    0.40                      0.130
## 2                   15.00                      3.400
## 3                    0.53                      0.130
## 4                  387.00                     49.000
## 5                    1.30                      0.067
## 6                   15.90                      0.860

Confirmed COVID19 cases by population ratio

Testing and confirmation ratio of cases for each country by population

Worldwide COVID testing positive ratio

# Get the total confirmed cases worldwide
covid19_confirmed <- sum(covid19_df_csv$confirmed)
# Get the total tested cases worldwide
covid19_tested <- sum(covid19_df_csv$tested)
# Get the positive ratio (confirmed / tested)
covid19_positive_ratio <- covid19_confirmed / covid19_tested
covid19_positive_ratio
## [1] 0.07994229

Pick countries to review testing data

##           country confirmed confirmed.population.ratio
## 166 United States  90749469                       27.4
##            country confirmed confirmed.population.ratio
## 165 United Kingdom  22232377                       32.9

Compare which one of the selected countries has a larger ratio of confirmed cases to population

## [1] "United Kingdom indicates a greater risk of COVID-19 infection"

Classify countries with risk of COVID19 infection

Countries with low-risk of COVID19 infection

##       X     country        date tested confirmed confirmed.tested.ratio
## 89   89        Laos  1 Mar 2021 114030        45                  0.039
## 119 119 North Korea 25 Nov 2020  16914         0                  0.000
## 156 156    Tanzania 18 Nov 2020   3880       509                 13.100
##     tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio country_code
## 89                   1.6000                    0.00063          LAO
## 119                  0.0660                    0.00000          PRK
## 156                  0.0065                    0.00085          TZA

Countries with a moderate-risk of COVID19 infection

##     X  country        date    tested confirmed confirmed.tested.ratio
## 28 28  Burundi  5 Jan 2021     90019       884                  0.980
## 34 34 China[c] 31 Jul 2020 160000000     87655                  0.055
##    tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio country_code
## 28                    0.76                     0.0074          BDI
## 34                   11.10                     0.0061          CHN

Countries with a high-risk of COVID19 infection

##       X                country        date    tested confirmed
## 1     1            Afghanistan 17 Dec 2020    154767     49621
## 2     2                Albania 18 Feb 2021    428654     96838
## 3     3                Algeria  2 Nov 2020    230553     58574
## 4     4                Andorra 23 Feb 2022    300307     37958
## 5     5                 Angola  2 Feb 2021    399228     20981
## 6     6    Antigua and Barbuda  6 Mar 2021     15268       832
## 7     7              Argentina 16 Apr 2022  35716069   9060495
## 8     8                Armenia 29 May 2022   3099602    422963
## 9     9              Australia  9 Sep 2022  78548492  10112229
## 10   10                Austria  1 Feb 2023 205817752   5789991
## 11   11             Azerbaijan 11 May 2022   6838458    792638
## 12   12                Bahamas 28 Nov 2022    259366     37483
## 13   13                Bahrain  3 Dec 2022  10578766    696614
## 14   14             Bangladesh 24 Jul 2021   7417714   1151644
## 15   15               Barbados 14 Oct 2022    770100    103014
## 16   16                Belarus  9 May 2022  13217569    982809
## 17   17                Belgium 24 Jan 2023  36548544   4691499
## 18   18                 Belize  8 Jun 2022    572900     60694
## 19   19                  Benin  4 May 2021    595112      7884
## 20   20                 Bhutan 28 Feb 2022   1736168     12702
## 21   21                Bolivia  5 Jun 2022   4358669    910228
## 22   22 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 Sep 2022   1872934    399887
## 23   23               Botswana 11 Jan 2022   2026898    232432
## 24   24                 Brazil 19 Feb 2021  23561497  10081676
## 25   25                 Brunei  2 Aug 2021    153804       338
## 26   26               Bulgaria  2 Feb 2023  10993239   1295524
## 27   27           Burkina Faso  4 Mar 2021    158777     12123
## 29   29               Cambodia  1 Aug 2021   1812706     77914
## 30   30               Cameroon 18 Feb 2021    942685     32681
## 31   31                 Canada 26 Nov 2022  66343123   4423053
## 32   32                   Chad  2 Mar 2021     99027      4020
## 33   33                  Chile  1 Feb 2023  48154268   5123007
## 35   35               Colombia 24 Nov 2022  36875818   6314769
## 36   36             Costa Rica  2 Nov 2021   2575363    561054
## 37   37                Croatia  2 Feb 2023   5481285   1267798
## 38   38                   Cuba  2 Feb 2023  14301394   1112470
## 39   39              Cyprus[d] 29 Jan 2023  27820163    644160
## 40   40                Czechia  1 Feb 2023  22544928   4590529
## 41   41             Denmark[e] 31 Jan 2023  67682707   3399947
## 42   42               Djibouti 28 Apr 2022    305941     15631
## 43   43               Dominica 20 Jun 2022    209803     14821
## 44   44     Dominican Republic 22 Jul 2022   3574665    626030
## 45   45               DR Congo 28 Feb 2021    124838     25961
## 46   46                Ecuador 23 Jul 2021   1627189    480720
## 47   47                  Egypt 23 Jul 2021   3137519    283947
## 48   48            El Salvador 18 Mar 2022   1847861    161052
## 49   49      Equatorial Guinea 30 Jan 2023    403773     17113
## 50   50                Estonia 31 Jan 2023   3637908    613954
## 51   51               Eswatini  8 Dec 2021    415110     49253
## 52   52               Ethiopia 24 Jun 2021   2981185    278446
## 53   53          Faroe Islands 27 Feb 2022    774000     34237
## 54   54                   Fiji  2 Jan 2023    667953     68848
## 55   55                Finland 14 Jan 2022   9042453    371135
## 56   56           France[f][g] 15 May 2022 272417258  29183646
## 57   57                  Gabon 23 Jul 2021    958807     25325
## 58   58                 Gambia 15 Feb 2021     43217      4469
## 59   59             Georgia[h]  3 Nov 2021   4888787    732965
## 60   60                Germany  7 Jul 2021  65247345   3733519
## 61   61                  Ghana  3 Jul 2021   1305749     96708
## 62   62                 Greece 18 Dec 2022 101576831   5548487
## 63   63              Greenland 30 Jan 2022    164573     10662
## 64   64                Grenada 11 May 2021     28684       161
## 65   65              Guatemala  6 Jan 2023   6800560   1230098
## 66   66                 Guinea 21 Jul 2021    494898     24878
## 67   67          Guinea-Bissau  7 Jul 2022    145231      8400
## 68   68                 Guyana 15 Jun 2022    648569     66129
## 69   69                  Haiti 26 Nov 2022    223475     33874
## 70   70               Honduras 26 Nov 2021   1133782    377859
## 71   71                Hungary 10 May 2022  11394556   1909948
## 72   72                Iceland  9 Aug 2022   1988652    203162
## 73   73                  India  8 Jul 2022 866177937  43585554
## 74   74              Indonesia 20 Jun 2023  75996203   6811330
## 75   75                   Iran 31 May 2022  52269202   7232268
## 76   76                   Iraq  3 Aug 2022  19090652   2448484
## 77   77                Ireland 31 Jan 2023  12990476   1700817
## 78   78                 Israel 17 Jan 2022  41373364   1792137
## 79   79                  Italy 16 Mar 2023 269127054  25651205
## 80   80            Ivory Coast  3 Mar 2021    429177     33285
## 81   81                Jamaica 30 Sep 2022   1184973    151931
## 82   82                  Japan  1 Mar 2021   8487288    432773
## 83   83                 Jordan  6 Jun 2021   7407053    739847
## 84   84             Kazakhstan 28 May 2021  11575012    385144
## 85   85                  Kenya  5 Mar 2021   1322806    107729
## 86   86                 Kosovo 31 May 2021    611357    107410
## 87   87                 Kuwait  9 Mar 2022   7754247    624573
## 88   88             Kyrgyzstan 10 Feb 2021    695415     85253
## 90   90                 Latvia  5 Sep 2021   3630095    144518
## 91   91                Lebanon 14 Jun 2021   4599186    542649
## 92   92                Lesotho 30 Mar 2022    431221     32910
## 93   93                Liberia 17 Jul 2021    128246      5396
## 94   94                  Libya 14 Apr 2022   2578215    501862
## 95   95              Lithuania 31 Jan 2023   9046584   1170108
## 96   96          Luxembourg[i] 12 May 2022   4248188    244182
## 97   97             Madagascar 19 Feb 2021    119608     19831
## 98   98                 Malawi 29 Nov 2022    624784     88086
## 99   99               Malaysia  7 Sep 2021  23705425   1880734
## 100 100               Maldives 13 Mar 2022   2216560    174658
## 101 101                   Mali  7 Jul 2021    322504     14449
## 102 102                  Malta  8 Sep 2021   1211456     36606
## 103 103             Mauritania 16 Apr 2021    268093     18103
## 104 104              Mauritius 22 Nov 2020    289552       494
## 105 105                 Mexico 15 Oct 2021  10503678   3749860
## 106 106             Moldova[j] 20 Apr 2022   3213594    516864
## 107 107               Mongolia 10 Jul 2021   3354200    136053
## 108 108             Montenegro 10 May 2021    394388     98449
## 109 109                Morocco  6 Jan 2023  14217563   1272299
## 110 110             Mozambique 22 Jul 2021    688570    105866
## 111 111                Myanmar 16 Sep 2021   4047680    440741
## 112 112                Namibia  4 Jul 2022   1062663    166229
## 113 113                  Nepal 26 Jul 2022   5804358    984475
## 114 114            Netherlands  6 Jul 2021  14526293   1692834
## 115 115          New Caledonia  3 Sep 2021     41962       136
## 116 116            New Zealand 29 Jan 2023   7757935   2136662
## 117 117                  Niger 22 Feb 2021     79321      4740
## 118 118                Nigeria 28 Feb 2021   1544008    155657
## 120 120        North Macedonia  1 Jul 2021    881870    155689
## 121 121     Northern Cyprus[k] 12 Jul 2022   7096998    103034
## 122 122                 Norway 20 Jan 2022   9811888    554778
## 123 123                   Oman 28 Oct 2020    509959    114434
## 124 124               Pakistan  5 Mar 2021   9173593    588728
## 125 125              Palestine  5 Feb 2022   3078533    574105
## 126 126                 Panama 28 Jan 2023   7475016   1029701
## 127 127       Papua New Guinea 17 Feb 2021     47490       961
## 128 128               Paraguay 27 Mar 2022   2609819    647950
## 129 129                   Peru 17 Nov 2022  36073768   4177786
## 130 130            Philippines  7 Jan 2023  34402980   4073980
## 131 131                 Poland 27 Apr 2022  36064311   5993861
## 132 132               Portugal  5 Jan 2022  27515490   1499976
## 133 133                  Qatar 11 Nov 2022   4061988    473440
## 134 134                Romania 29 Jan 2021   5405393    724250
## 135 135                 Russia  6 Jun 2022 295542733  18358459
## 136 136                 Rwanda  6 Oct 2021   2885812     98209
## 137 137  Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 Aug 2021     30231       995
## 138 138            Saint Lucia  7 Oct 2022    212132     29550
## 139 139          Saint Vincent 28 Jan 2023    113504      9585
## 140 140             San Marino 29 Jan 2023    192613     23427
## 141 141           Saudi Arabia 26 Apr 2022  41849069    753632
## 142 142                Senegal 12 Jul 2021    624502     46509
## 143 143                 Serbia  2 Feb 2023  12185475   2473599
## 144 144              Singapore  3 Aug 2021  16206203     65315
## 145 145               Slovakia  2 Feb 2023   7391882   1861034
## 146 146               Slovenia  2 Feb 2023   2826117   1322282
## 147 147           South Africa 24 May 2021  11378282   1637848
## 148 148            South Korea  1 Mar 2021   6592010     90029
## 149 149            South Sudan 26 May 2021    164472     10688
## 150 150                  Spain  1 Jul 2021  54128524   3821305
## 151 151              Sri Lanka 30 Mar 2021   2384745     93128
## 152 152                  Sudan  7 Jan 2021    158804     23316
## 153 153                 Sweden 24 May 2021   9996795   1074751
## 154 154         Switzerland[l]  7 Nov 2022  23283909   4276836
## 155 155              Taiwan[m]  3 Feb 2023  30275725   8622129
## 157 157               Thailand  4 Mar 2021   1579597     26162
## 158 158                   Togo  6 Jan 2023    807269     39358
## 159 159    Trinidad and Tobago  3 Jan 2022    512730     92997
## 160 160                Tunisia 23 Aug 2021   2893625    703732
## 161 161                 Turkey  2 Jul 2021  61236294   5435831
## 162 162                 Uganda 11 Feb 2021    852444     39979
## 163 163                Ukraine 24 Nov 2021  15648456   3367461
## 164 164   United Arab Emirates  1 Feb 2023 198685717   1049537
## 165 165         United Kingdom 19 May 2022 522526476  22232377
## 166 166          United States 29 Jul 2022 929349291  90749469
## 167 167                Uruguay 16 Apr 2022   6089116    895592
## 168 168             Uzbekistan  7 Sep 2020   2630000     43975
## 169 169              Venezuela 30 Mar 2021   3179074    159149
## 170 170                Vietnam 28 Aug 2022  45772571  11403302
## 171 171                 Zambia 10 Mar 2022   3301860    314850
## 172 172               Zimbabwe 15 Oct 2022   2529087    257893
##     confirmed.tested.ratio tested.population.ratio confirmed.population.ratio
## 1                    32.10                    0.40                      0.130
## 2                    22.60                   15.00                      3.400
## 3                    25.40                    0.53                      0.130
## 4                    12.60                  387.00                     49.000
## 5                     5.30                    1.30                      0.067
## 6                     5.40                   15.90                      0.860
## 7                    25.40                   78.30                     20.000
## 8                    13.60                  105.00                     14.300
## 9                    12.90                  313.00                     40.300
## 10                    2.80                 2312.00                     65.000
## 11                   11.60                   69.10                      8.000
## 12                   14.50                   67.30                      9.700
## 13                    6.60                  674.00                     44.400
## 14                   15.50                    4.50                      0.700
## 15                   13.40                  268.00                     35.900
## 16                    7.40                  139.00                     10.400
## 17                   12.80                  317.00                     40.700
## 18                   10.60                  140.00                     14.900
## 19                    1.30                    5.10                      0.067
## 20                    0.73                  234.00                      1.710
## 21                   20.90                   38.10                      8.000
## 22                   21.40                   54.70                     11.700
## 23                   11.50                   89.90                     10.300
## 24                   42.80                   11.20                      4.800
## 25                    0.22                   33.50                      0.074
## 26                   11.80                  158.00                     18.600
## 27                    7.60                    0.76                      0.058
## 29                    4.30                   11.20                      0.480
## 30                    3.50                    3.60                      0.120
## 31                    6.70                  175.00                     11.700
## 32                    4.10                    0.72                      0.029
## 33                   10.60                  252.00                     26.900
## 35                   17.10                   76.40                     13.100
## 36                   21.80                   51.50                     11.200
## 37                   23.10                  134.00                     31.100
## 38                    7.80                  126.00                      9.800
## 39                    2.30                 3223.00                     74.400
## 40                   20.40                  211.00                     42.900
## 41                    5.00                 1162.00                     58.400
## 42                    5.10                   33.20                      1.700
## 43                    7.10                  293.00                     20.700
## 44                   17.50                   32.90                      5.800
## 45                   20.80                    0.14                      0.029
## 46                   29.50                    9.50                      2.800
## 47                    9.10                    3.10                      0.280
## 48                    8.70                   28.50                      2.500
## 49                    4.20                   30.80                      1.300
## 50                   16.90                  274.00                     46.200
## 51                   11.90                   36.50                      4.300
## 52                    9.30                    2.60                      0.240
## 53                    4.40                 1493.00                     65.700
## 54                   10.30                   74.50                      7.700
## 55                    4.10                  163.00                      6.700
## 56                   10.70                  417.00                     44.700
## 57                    2.60                    3.10                      0.082
## 58                   10.30                    2.00                      0.210
## 59                   15.00                  132.00                     19.700
## 60                    5.70                   77.80                      4.500
## 61                    7.40                    4.20                      0.310
## 62                    5.50                  943.00                     51.500
## 63                    6.50                  293.00                     19.000
## 64                    0.56                   25.70                      0.140
## 65                   18.10                   39.40                      7.100
## 66                    5.00                    3.80                      0.190
## 67                    5.80                    7.70                      0.450
## 68                   10.20                   82.50                      8.400
## 69                   15.20                    2.00                      0.300
## 70                   33.30                   11.80                      3.900
## 71                   16.80                  118.00                     19.800
## 72                   10.20                  546.00                     55.800
## 73                    5.00                   63.00                     31.700
## 74                    9.00                   28.10                      2.500
## 75                   13.80                   62.80                      8.700
## 76                   12.80                   47.50                      6.100
## 77                   13.10                  264.00                     34.600
## 78                    4.30                  451.00                     19.500
## 79                    9.50                  446.00                     42.500
## 80                    7.80                    1.60                      0.130
## 81                   12.80                   43.50                      5.600
## 82                    5.10                    6.70                      0.340
## 83                   10.00                   69.50                      6.900
## 84                    3.30                   62.10                      2.100
## 85                    8.10                    2.80                      0.230
## 86                   17.60                   33.80                      5.900
## 87                    8.10                  181.00                     14.600
## 88                   12.30                   10.70                      1.300
## 90                    4.00                  189.00                      7.500
## 91                   11.80                   67.40                      8.000
## 92                    7.60                   21.50                      1.600
## 93                    4.20                    2.50                      0.110
## 94                   19.50                   37.60                      7.300
## 95                   12.90                  324.00                     41.900
## 96                    5.70                  679.00                     39.000
## 97                   16.60                    0.46                      0.076
## 98                   14.10                    3.30                      0.460
## 99                    7.90                   72.30                      5.700
## 100                   7.90                  398.00                     31.300
## 101                   4.50                    1.60                      0.071
## 102                   3.00                  245.00                      7.400
## 103                   6.80                    6.10                      0.410
## 104                   0.17                   22.90                      0.039
## 105                  35.70                    8.20                      2.900
## 106                  16.10                  122.00                     19.600
## 107                   4.10                  100.00                      4.100
## 108                  25.00                   62.50                     15.600
## 109                   8.90                   38.50                      3.400
## 110                  15.40                    2.20                      0.340
## 111                  10.90                    7.40                      0.810
## 112                  15.60                   38.70                      6.100
## 113                  17.00                   20.70                      3.500
## 114                  11.70                   83.40                      9.700
## 115                   0.32                   15.70                      0.050
## 116                  27.50                  156.00                     42.900
## 117                   6.00                    0.35                      0.021
## 118                  10.10                    0.75                      0.076
## 120                  17.70                   42.50                      7.500
## 121                   1.50                 2177.00                     31.600
## 122                   5.70                  183.00                     10.300
## 123                  22.40                   11.00                      2.500
## 124                   6.40                    4.20                      0.270
## 125                  18.60                   60.90                     11.400
## 126                  13.80                  179.00                     24.700
## 127                   2.00                    0.53                      0.011
## 128                  24.80                   36.60                      9.100
## 129                  11.60                  109.90                     12.700
## 130                  11.80                   34.10                      4.000
## 131                  16.60                   94.00                     15.600
## 132                   5.50                  268.00                     14.600
## 133                  11.70                  141.00                     16.400
## 134                  13.40                   27.90                      3.700
## 135                   6.20                  201.00                     12.500
## 136                   3.40                   22.30                      0.760
## 137                   3.30                   57.60                      1.900
## 138                  13.90                  116.60                     16.200
## 139                   8.40                  103.00                      8.700
## 140                  12.20                  563.00                     68.400
## 141                   1.80                  120.00                      2.200
## 142                   7.40                    3.90                      0.290
## 143                  20.30                  175.00                     35.500
## 144                   0.40                  284.00                      1.100
## 145                  25.20                  135.00                     34.100
## 146                  46.80                  135.00                     63.100
## 147                  14.40                   19.20                      2.800
## 148                   1.40                   12.70                      0.170
## 149                   6.50                    1.30                      0.084
## 150                   7.10                  116.00                      8.200
## 151                   3.90                   10.90                      0.430
## 152                  14.70                    0.36                      0.053
## 153                  10.80                   96.80                     10.400
## 154                  18.40                  270.00                     49.700
## 155                  28.48                  128.30                     36.528
## 157                   1.70                    2.30                      0.038
## 158                   4.90                    9.40                      0.460
## 159                  18.10                   37.60                      6.800
## 160                  24.30                   24.50                      6.000
## 161                   8.90                   73.60                      6.500
## 162                   4.70                    1.90                      0.087
## 163                  21.50                   37.20                      8.000
## 164                   0.53                 2070.00                     10.900
## 165                   4.30                  774.00                     32.900
## 166                   9.80                  281.00                     27.400
## 167                  14.70                  175.00                     25.800
## 168                   1.70                    7.70                      0.130
## 169                   5.00                   11.00                      0.550
## 170                  24.90                   46.40                     11.600
## 171                   9.50                   19.00                      1.800
## 172                  10.20                   17.00                      1.700
##     country_code
## 1            AFG
## 2            ALB
## 3            DZA
## 4            AND
## 5            AGO
## 6            ATG
## 7            ARG
## 8            ARM
## 9            AUS
## 10           AUT
## 11           AZE
## 12           BHS
## 13           BHR
## 14           BGD
## 15           BRB
## 16           BLR
## 17           BEL
## 18           BLZ
## 19           BEN
## 20           BTN
## 21           BOL
## 22           BIH
## 23           BWA
## 24           BRA
## 25           BRN
## 26           BGR
## 27           BFA
## 29           KHM
## 30           CMR
## 31           CAN
## 32           TCD
## 33           CHL
## 35           COL
## 36           CRI
## 37           HRV
## 38           CUB
## 39           CYP
## 40           CZE
## 41           DNK
## 42           DJI
## 43           DMA
## 44           DOM
## 45           COD
## 46           ECU
## 47           EGY
## 48           SLV
## 49           GNQ
## 50           EST
## 51           SWZ
## 52           ETH
## 53           FRO
## 54           FJI
## 55           FIN
## 56           FRA
## 57           GAB
## 58           GMB
## 59           GEO
## 60           DEU
## 61           GHA
## 62           GRC
## 63           GRL
## 64           GRD
## 65           GTM
## 66           GIN
## 67           GNB
## 68           GUY
## 69           HTI
## 70           HND
## 71           HUN
## 72           ISL
## 73           IND
## 74           IDN
## 75           IRN
## 76           IRQ
## 77           IRL
## 78           ISR
## 79           ITA
## 80           CIV
## 81           JAM
## 82           JPN
## 83           JOR
## 84           KAZ
## 85           KEN
## 86          <NA>
## 87           KWT
## 88           KGZ
## 90           LVA
## 91           LBN
## 92           LSO
## 93           LBR
## 94           LBY
## 95           LTU
## 96           LUX
## 97           MDG
## 98           MWI
## 99           MYS
## 100          MDV
## 101          MLI
## 102          MLT
## 103          MRT
## 104          MUS
## 105          MEX
## 106          MDA
## 107          MNG
## 108          MNE
## 109          MAR
## 110          MOZ
## 111          MMR
## 112          NAM
## 113          NPL
## 114          NLD
## 115          NCL
## 116          NZL
## 117          NER
## 118          NGA
## 120          MKD
## 121          CYP
## 122          NOR
## 123          OMN
## 124          PAK
## 125          PSE
## 126          PAN
## 127          PNG
## 128          PRY
## 129          PER
## 130          PHL
## 131          POL
## 132          PRT
## 133          QAT
## 134          ROU
## 135          RUS
## 136          RWA
## 137          KNA
## 138          LCA
## 139          VCT
## 140          SMR
## 141          SAU
## 142          SEN
## 143          SRB
## 144          SGP
## 145          SVK
## 146          SVN
## 147          ZAF
## 148          KOR
## 149          SSD
## 150          ESP
## 151          LKA
## 152          SDN
## 153          SWE
## 154          CHE
## 155          TWN
## 157          THA
## 158          TGO
## 159          TTO
## 160          TUN
## 161          TUR
## 162          UGA
## 163          UKR
## 164          ARE
## 165          GBR
## 166          USA
## 167          URY
## 168          UZB
## 169          VEN
## 170          VNM
## 171          ZMB
## 172          ZWE