#Set working directory

setwd("C:/Users/benfu/Documents/BIOL3008")

#Install BiocManager

install.packages("BiocManager")

#Checking for updates

BiocManager::install()
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15 ucrt)
Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
install.packages("BiocManager")
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 594Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 593Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 594Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 593Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 588Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 587Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105031 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp4GqjmM\downloaded_packages

#Installing Rsubread

BiocManager::install("Rsubread")
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15 ucrt)
Warning: package(s) not installed when version(s) same as or greater than current; use
  `force = TRUE` to re-install: 'Rsubread'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 594Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 593Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 594Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 593Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 588Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 587Warning: cannot open URL 'http://archive.bioconductor.org.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105031 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp4GqjmM\downloaded_packages

#Loading Rsubread

library(Rsubread)

#Indexing reference genome

buildindex(basename = "Yeast", reference = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||                Index name : Yeast                                          ||
||               Index space : base space                                     ||
||               Index split : no-split                                       ||
||          Repeat threshold : 100 repeats                                    ||
||              Gapped index : no                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
||       Free / total memory : 0.9GB / 7.6GB                                  ||
||                                                                            ||
||               Input files : 1 file in total                                ||
||                             o Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.top ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================================= Running ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the integrity of provided reference sequences ...                    ||
|| No format issues were found                                                ||
|| Scan uninformative subreads in reference sequences ...                     ||
|| 11 uninformative subreads were found.                                      ||
|| These subreads were excluded from index building.                          ||
|| Estimate the index size...                                                 ||
||    8%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2482.4k bps/s                                ||
||   16%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2959.7k bps/s                                ||
||   24%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2984.6k bps/s                                ||
||   33%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2953.6k bps/s                                ||
||   41%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2975.4k bps/s                                ||
||   49%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2897.5k bps/s                                ||
||   58%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2870.8k bps/s                                ||
||   66%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2944.9k bps/s                                ||
||   74%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2971.9k bps/s                                ||
||   83%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=2982.6k bps/s                                ||
||   91%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=3021.9k bps/s                                ||
||                                                                            ||
||              WARNING: available memory is lower than 3.0 GB.               ||
||                           The program may run very slow.                   ||
|| Build a gapped index and/or split index into blocks to reduce memory use.  ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Build the index...                                                         ||
||    8%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=474.0k bps/s                                 ||
||   16%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=759.5k bps/s                                 ||
||   24%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=930.9k bps/s                                 ||
||   33%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1079.9k bps/s                                ||
||   41%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1148.6k bps/s                                ||
||   49%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1220.1k bps/s                                ||
||   58%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1302.5k bps/s                                ||
||   66%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1372.0k bps/s                                ||
||   74%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1442.1k bps/s                                ||
||   83%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1485.8k bps/s                                ||
||   91%,   0 mins elapsed, rate=1511.2k bps/s                                ||
|| Save current index block...                                                ||
||  [ 0.0% finished ]                                                         ||
||  [ 10.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 20.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 30.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 40.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 50.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 60.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 70.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 80.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 90.0% finished ]                                                        ||
||  [ 100.0% finished ]                                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Total running time: 0.6 minutes.                      ||
||   Index C:\Users\benfu\Documents\BIOL3008\Yeast was successfully built.    ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

##Mapping RNAseq reads to indexed reference genome individually as this computers disc space is limited. Unable to have all SRR*.fastq files in the directory at the same time.

#SRR20632986

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632986_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632986_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632986.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632986_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632986_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632986.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================ Running (06-May-2023 16:00:21, pid=15132) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed, 0.6 mins elapsed, rate=12.6k fragments per second         ||
||    6% completed, 1.6 mins elapsed, rate=15.7k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed, 2.6 mins elapsed, rate=15.7k fragments per second         ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 205 bp                                       ||
||   17% completed, 3.7 mins elapsed, rate=11.2k fragments per second         ||
||   18% completed, 4.0 mins elapsed, rate=10.6k fragments per second         ||
||   18% completed, 4.4 mins elapsed, rate=10.1k fragments per second         ||
||   19% completed, 4.8 mins elapsed, rate=9.7k fragments per second          ||
||   20% completed, 5.2 mins elapsed, rate=9.4k fragments per second          ||
||   21% completed, 5.5 mins elapsed, rate=9.1k fragments per second          ||
||   22% completed, 5.9 mins elapsed, rate=8.9k fragments per second          ||
||   23% completed, 6.3 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   23% completed, 6.7 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   24% completed, 7.4 mins elapsed, rate=8.5k fragments per second          ||
||   31% completed, 8.7 mins elapsed, rate=9.2k fragments per second          ||
||   38% completed, 9.7 mins elapsed, rate=9.9k fragments per second          ||
||   42% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=9.0k fragments per second          ||
||   42% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.8k fragments per second          ||
||   43% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   44% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   45% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   46% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   47% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   47% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   48% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   49% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   56% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   62% completed,  17 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   66% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   67% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   68% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   69% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   70% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   71% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   71% completed,  22 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   72% completed,  22 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   73% completed,  23 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   74% completed,  23 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   81% completed,  24 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   87% completed,  25 mins elapsed, rate=8.2k fragments per second          ||
||   91% completed,  26 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   92% completed,  27 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  28 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   94% completed,  28 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   95% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   95% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  30 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
||   97% completed,  30 mins elapsed, rate=7.4k fragments per second          ||
||   98% completed,  31 mins elapsed, rate=7.4k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   99% completed,  31 mins elapsed, rate=7.4k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  32 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 14070993                                     ||
||                      Mapped : 13904003 (98.8%)                             ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 13258179                                     ||
||               Multi-mapping : 645824                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 166990                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 13087791                                     ||
||         Not properly paired : 816212                                       ||
||                   Singleton : 602857                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 150434                                       ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 8783                                         ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 41127                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 13011                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 59004                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 32.2 minutes                                 ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#SRR20632987

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632987_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632987_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632987.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632987_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632987_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632987.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================= Running (08-May-2023 22:13:25, pid=5328) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed, 0.6 mins elapsed, rate=14.9k fragments per second         ||
||    6% completed, 1.3 mins elapsed, rate=16.2k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed, 2.0 mins elapsed, rate=16.2k fragments per second         ||
||   20% completed, 2.6 mins elapsed, rate=16.9k fragments per second         ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 203 bp                                       ||
||   23% completed, 3.4 mins elapsed, rate=12.1k fragments per second         ||
||   24% completed, 3.7 mins elapsed, rate=11.5k fragments per second         ||
||   25% completed, 4.1 mins elapsed, rate=11.0k fragments per second         ||
||   27% completed, 4.4 mins elapsed, rate=10.6k fragments per second         ||
||   28% completed, 4.7 mins elapsed, rate=10.3k fragments per second         ||
||   29% completed, 5.1 mins elapsed, rate=9.9k fragments per second          ||
||   30% completed, 5.5 mins elapsed, rate=9.6k fragments per second          ||
||   31% completed, 5.9 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   32% completed, 6.3 mins elapsed, rate=9.0k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   33% completed, 6.9 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   40% completed, 7.7 mins elapsed, rate=9.8k fragments per second          ||
||   47% completed, 8.4 mins elapsed, rate=10.3k fragments per second         ||
||   53% completed, 9.1 mins elapsed, rate=10.8k fragments per second         ||
||   57% completed,  10 mins elapsed, rate=9.8k fragments per second          ||
||   58% completed,  10 mins elapsed, rate=9.5k fragments per second          ||
||   59% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   60% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=9.1k fragments per second          ||
||   62% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.9k fragments per second          ||
||   63% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.7k fragments per second          ||
||   64% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.5k fragments per second          ||
||   65% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   66% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.2k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   67% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   74% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   81% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=9.0k fragments per second          ||
||   87% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   90% completed,  17 mins elapsed, rate=8.8k fragments per second          ||
||   91% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   92% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=8.5k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   94% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   95% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=8.2k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   97% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   98% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 10321097                                     ||
||                      Mapped : 10193490 (98.8%)                             ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 9773149                                      ||
||               Multi-mapping : 420341                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 127607                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 9647133                                      ||
||         Not properly paired : 546357                                       ||
||                   Singleton : 418660                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 88501                                        ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 4961                                         ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 25692                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 8543                                         ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 47445                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 22.1 minutes                                 ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#SRR20632988

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632988_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632988_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632988.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632988_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632988_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632988.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================= Running (08-May-2023 22:48:59, pid=5328) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed, 0.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.7k fragments per second          ||
||    6% completed, 1.4 mins elapsed, rate=14.5k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed, 2.2 mins elapsed, rate=14.7k fragments per second         ||
||   20% completed, 2.9 mins elapsed, rate=15.0k fragments per second         ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 209 bp                                       ||
||   23% completed, 3.9 mins elapsed, rate=10.4k fragments per second         ||
||   24% completed, 4.4 mins elapsed, rate=9.8k fragments per second          ||
||   25% completed, 4.7 mins elapsed, rate=9.4k fragments per second          ||
||   26% completed, 5.2 mins elapsed, rate=9.0k fragments per second          ||
||   27% completed, 5.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   28% completed, 6.1 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   29% completed, 6.5 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   30% completed, 6.8 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   31% completed, 7.3 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   33% completed, 8.2 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   39% completed, 9.5 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   46% completed,  10 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   53% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.7k fragments per second          ||
||   56% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   57% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   58% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
||   59% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   60% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.1k fragments per second          ||
||   61% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.0k fragments per second          ||
||   62% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=6.9k fragments per second          ||
||   64% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=6.8k fragments per second          ||
||   65% completed,  17 mins elapsed, rate=6.7k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   66% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=6.6k fragments per second          ||
||   72% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=6.8k fragments per second          ||
||   79% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=6.9k fragments per second          ||
||   86% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.1k fragments per second          ||
||   89% completed,  23 mins elapsed, rate=6.7k fragments per second          ||
||   90% completed,  23 mins elapsed, rate=6.7k fragments per second          ||
||   91% completed,  24 mins elapsed, rate=6.6k fragments per second          ||
||   92% completed,  25 mins elapsed, rate=6.5k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  25 mins elapsed, rate=6.4k fragments per second          ||
||   94% completed,  26 mins elapsed, rate=6.4k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  26 mins elapsed, rate=6.3k fragments per second          ||
||   97% completed,  27 mins elapsed, rate=6.3k fragments per second          ||
||   98% completed,  27 mins elapsed, rate=6.2k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   99% completed,  28 mins elapsed, rate=6.2k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  29 mins elapsed, rate=6.0k fragments per second          ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 10548644                                     ||
||                      Mapped : 10408525 (98.7%)                             ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 9953382                                      ||
||               Multi-mapping : 455143                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 140119                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 9361970                                      ||
||         Not properly paired : 1046555                                      ||
||                   Singleton : 649244                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 324880                                       ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 17807                                        ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 43860                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 10764                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 48773                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 29.2 minutes                                 ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#SRR20632989

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632989_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632989_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632989.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632989_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632989_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632989.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================= Running (08-May-2023 23:24:31, pid=5328) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed, 0.4 mins elapsed, rate=13.6k fragments per second         ||
||    6% completed, 1.1 mins elapsed, rate=16.8k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed, 1.6 mins elapsed, rate=17.0k fragments per second         ||
||   20% completed, 2.2 mins elapsed, rate=17.0k fragments per second         ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 203 bp                                       ||
||   26% completed, 3.5 mins elapsed, rate=11.6k fragments per second         ||
||   28% completed, 3.9 mins elapsed, rate=10.8k fragments per second         ||
||   29% completed, 4.4 mins elapsed, rate=10.3k fragments per second         ||
||   30% completed, 4.8 mins elapsed, rate=9.7k fragments per second          ||
||   32% completed, 5.2 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   33% completed, 5.7 mins elapsed, rate=8.9k fragments per second          ||
||   34% completed, 6.1 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   35% completed, 6.5 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   37% completed, 7.0 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   38% completed, 7.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   45% completed, 8.5 mins elapsed, rate=8.5k fragments per second          ||
||   52% completed, 9.2 mins elapsed, rate=8.9k fragments per second          ||
||   58% completed,   9 mins elapsed, rate=9.3k fragments per second          ||
||   65% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   66% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   68% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.2k fragments per second          ||
||   69% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   70% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   72% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   73% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
||   74% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   75% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.2k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   77% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=7.2k fragments per second          ||
||   83% completed,  17 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   90% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.4k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   94% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.2k fragments per second          ||
||   95% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.2k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.1k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.1k fragments per second          ||
||   97% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.0k fragments per second          ||
||   98% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.0k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=6.9k fragments per second          ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 9052300                                      ||
||                      Mapped : 8939638 (98.8%)                              ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 8540284                                      ||
||               Multi-mapping : 399354                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 112662                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 7973593                                      ||
||         Not properly paired : 966045                                       ||
||                   Singleton : 567809                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 332735                                       ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 18150                                        ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 38651                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 8700                                         ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 42165                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 21.9 minutes                                 ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#SRR20632990

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632990_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632990_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632990.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632990_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632990_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632990.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================= Running (08-May-2023 23:52:21, pid=5328) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed, 0.5 mins elapsed, rate=9.8k fragments per second          ||
||    6% completed, 1.2 mins elapsed, rate=16.3k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed, 1.9 mins elapsed, rate=16.2k fragments per second         ||
||   20% completed, 2.5 mins elapsed, rate=16.4k fragments per second         ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 203 bp                                       ||
||   25% completed, 3.6 mins elapsed, rate=11.2k fragments per second         ||
||   26% completed, 4.1 mins elapsed, rate=10.5k fragments per second         ||
||   27% completed, 4.5 mins elapsed, rate=10.0k fragments per second         ||
||   28% completed, 4.9 mins elapsed, rate=9.4k fragments per second          ||
||   30% completed, 5.4 mins elapsed, rate=9.1k fragments per second          ||
||   31% completed, 5.8 mins elapsed, rate=8.8k fragments per second          ||
||   32% completed, 6.2 mins elapsed, rate=8.5k fragments per second          ||
||   33% completed, 6.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   34% completed, 7.0 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   36% completed, 7.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   42% completed, 8.6 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   49% completed, 9.3 mins elapsed, rate=9.1k fragments per second          ||
||   56% completed,  10 mins elapsed, rate=9.6k fragments per second          ||
||   61% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.9k fragments per second          ||
||   62% completed,  11 mins elapsed, rate=8.6k fragments per second          ||
||   63% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.4k fragments per second          ||
||   64% completed,  12 mins elapsed, rate=8.3k fragments per second          ||
||   66% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   67% completed,  13 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   68% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   69% completed,  14 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   70% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   72% completed,  15 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   78% completed,  16 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   85% completed,  17 mins elapsed, rate=8.1k fragments per second          ||
||   91% completed,  18 mins elapsed, rate=8.0k fragments per second          ||
||   92% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.9k fragments per second          ||
||   93% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.8k fragments per second          ||
||   94% completed,  19 mins elapsed, rate=7.7k fragments per second          ||
||   95% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.6k fragments per second          ||
||   96% completed,  20 mins elapsed, rate=7.5k fragments per second          ||
||   97% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.4k fragments per second          ||
||   98% completed,  21 mins elapsed, rate=7.3k fragments per second          ||
||   99% completed,  22 mins elapsed, rate=7.2k fragments per second          ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 9684741                                      ||
||                      Mapped : 9559930 (98.7%)                              ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 9107267                                      ||
||               Multi-mapping : 452663                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 124811                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 8566353                                      ||
||         Not properly paired : 993577                                       ||
||                   Singleton : 612134                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 309271                                       ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 17525                                        ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 45052                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 9595                                         ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 44181                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 22.5 minutes                                 ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#SRR20632991

align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632991_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632991_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632991.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//================================= setting ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Function      : Read alignment (RNA-Seq)                                   ||
|| Input file 1  : trimmed_SRR20632991_1.fastq                                ||
|| Input file 2  : trimmed_SRR20632991_2.fastq                                ||
|| Output file   : SRR20632991.bam (BAM)                                      ||
|| Index name    : Yeast                                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    ------------------------------------                    ||
||                                                                            ||
||                               Threads : 1                                  ||
||                          Phred offset : 33                                 ||
||               # of extracted subreads : 10                                 ||
||                        Min read1 vote : 3                                  ||
||                        Min read2 vote : 1                                  ||
||                     Max fragment size : 600                                ||
||                     Min fragment size : 50                                 ||
||                        Max mismatches : 3                                  ||
||                      Max indel length : 5                                  ||
||            Report multi-mapping reads : yes                                ||
|| Max alignments per multi-mapping read : 1                                  ||
||                           Annotations : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1 ... ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================= Running (09-May-2023 00:20:50, pid=5328) =================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Check the input reads.                                                     ||
|| The input file contains base space reads.                                  ||
|| Initialise the memory objects.                                             ||
|| Estimate the mean read length.                                             ||
|| The range of Phred scores observed in the data is [2,37]                   ||
|| Create the output BAM file.                                                ||
|| Check the index.                                                           ||
|| Init the voting space.                                                     ||
|| Load the annotation file.                                                  ||
|| 7507 annotation records were loaded.                                       ||
|| Global environment is initialised.                                         ||
|| Load the 1-th index block...                                               ||
|| The index block has been loaded.                                           ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||    0% completed,  460 mins elapsed, rate=1.1k fragments per second         ||
||    6% completed,  461 mins elapsed, rate=9.5k fragments per second         ||
||   13% completed,  462 mins elapsed, rate=10.9k fragments per second        ||
||   20% completed,  463 mins elapsed, rate=11.7k fragments per second        ||
||   Estimated fragment length : 205 bp                                       ||
||   26% completed,  464 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   27% completed,  464 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   28% completed,  465 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   29% completed,  465 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   31% completed,  466 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   32% completed,  466 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   33% completed,  467 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   34% completed,  467 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
||   36% completed,  468 mins elapsed, rate=0.1k fragments per second         ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   37% completed,  469 mins elapsed, rate=6.3k fragments per second         ||
||   44% completed,  471 mins elapsed, rate=6.3k fragments per second         ||
||   50% completed,  472 mins elapsed, rate=6.7k fragments per second         ||
||   57% completed,  473 mins elapsed, rate=7.0k fragments per second         ||
||   63% completed,  474 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   64% completed,  475 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   66% completed,  476 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   67% completed,  477 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   68% completed,  477 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   69% completed,  478 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
Error in file(out, "wt") : cannot open the connection
||   71% completed,  479 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
||   72% completed,  480 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
Error in file(out, "wt") : cannot open the connection
||   73% completed,  481 mins elapsed, rate=0.2k fragments per second         ||
|| Start read mapping in chunk.                                               ||
||   75% completed,  483 mins elapsed, rate=5.1k fragments per second         ||
||   81% completed,  484 mins elapsed, rate=5.2k fragments per second         ||
||   88% completed,  485 mins elapsed, rate=5.4k fragments per second         ||
||   92% completed,  487 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   93% completed,  487 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   94% completed,  488 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   94% completed,  488 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   95% completed,  489 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   96% completed,  489 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   97% completed,  490 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   98% completed,  490 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||   99% completed,  491 mins elapsed, rate=0.3k fragments per second         ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           Completed successfully.                          ||
||                                                                            ||
\\====================================    ====================================//

//================================   Summary =================================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Total fragments : 9325312                                      ||
||                      Mapped : 9200338 (98.7%)                              ||
||             Uniquely mapped : 8766392                                      ||
||               Multi-mapping : 433946                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                    Unmapped : 124974                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||             Properly paired : 8329689                                      ||
||         Not properly paired : 870649                                       ||
||                   Singleton : 590668                                       ||
||                    Chimeric : 223175                                       ||
||       Unexpected strandness : 12755                                        ||
||  Unexpected fragment length : 33804                                        ||
||       Unexpected read order : 10247                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                      Indels : 44349                                        ||
||                                                                            ||
||                Running time : 491.6 minutes                                ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

##Read counts on a single sample

SRR20632986_counts <- featureCounts(files = "SRR20632986.bam", annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTFAnnotationFile = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id", useMetaFeatures = TRUE, countMultiMappingReads = TRUE, juncCounts = TRUE, genome = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz", isPairedEnd = TRUE, requireBothEndsMapped = TRUE, checkFragLength = TRUE, countChimericFragments = TRUE)

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//========================== featureCounts setting ===========================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Input files : 1 BAM file                                       ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           SRR20632986.bam                                  ||
||                                                                            ||
||              Paired-end : yes                                              ||
||        Count read pairs : yes                                              ||
||              Annotation : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz  ... ||
||      Dir for temp files : .                                                ||
||       Junction Counting : <output_file>.jcounts                            ||
||                 Threads : 1                                                ||
||                   Level : meta-feature level                               ||
||      Multimapping reads : counted                                          ||
|| Multi-overlapping reads : not counted                                      ||
||   Min overlapping bases : 1                                                ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================================= Running ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Load annotation file Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz ...       ||
||    Features : 7507                                                         ||
||    Meta-features : 7507                                                    ||
||    Chromosomes/contigs : 17                                                ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Load FASTA contigs from Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel. ... ||
||    16 contigs were loaded                                                  ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632986.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 14070993                                             ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 12146601 (86.3%)                     ||
||    Running time : 0.73 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Write the final count table.                                               ||
|| Write the junction count table.                                            ||
|| Write the read assignment summary.                                         ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

#Checking counts file

names(SRR20632986_counts)
[1] "counts"          "counts_junction" "annotation"     
[4] "targets"         "stat"           
SRR20632986_counts$targets
[1] "SRR20632986.bam"
SRR20632986_counts$stat
dim(SRR20632986_counts$counts)
[1] 7507    1
head(SRR20632986_counts$counts)
                  SRR20632986.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 0
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               0
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                90
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 1
head(SRR20632986_counts$annotation, n=20L)

##Feature counts on multiple samples at once (loaded all mapped bam files into directory to complete) #create a value to address all bam files at once

 bams <- list.files(pattern = ".bam$")

#Check all of the correct bam files are included and in order

head(bams, n=10L)
[1] "SRR20632986.bam" "SRR20632987.bam" "SRR20632988.bam" "SRR20632989.bam"
[5] "SRR20632990.bam" "SRR20632991.bam"

#Running read counts on all samples at once

Yeast_counts <- featureCounts(files = bams, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTFAnnotationFile = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id", useMetaFeatures = TRUE, countMultiMappingReads = TRUE, juncCounts = TRUE, genome = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz", isPairedEnd = TRUE, requireBothEndsMapped = TRUE, checkFragLength = TRUE, countChimericFragments = TRUE)

        ==========     _____ _    _ ____  _____  ______          _____  
        =====         / ____| |  | |  _ \|  __ \|  ____|   /\   |  __ \ 
          =====      | (___ | |  | | |_) | |__) | |__     /  \  | |  | |
            ====      \___ \| |  | |  _ <|  _  /|  __|   / /\ \ | |  | |
              ====    ____) | |__| | |_) | | \ \| |____ / ____ \| |__| |
        ==========   |_____/ \____/|____/|_|  \_\______/_/    \_\_____/
       Rsubread 2.12.3

//========================== featureCounts setting ===========================\\
||                                                                            ||
||             Input files : 6 BAM files                                      ||
||                                                                            ||
||                           SRR20632986.bam                                  ||
||                           SRR20632987.bam                                  ||
||                           SRR20632988.bam                                  ||
||                           SRR20632989.bam                                  ||
||                           SRR20632990.bam                                  ||
||                           SRR20632991.bam                                  ||
||                                                                            ||
||              Paired-end : yes                                              ||
||        Count read pairs : yes                                              ||
||              Annotation : Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz  ... ||
||      Dir for temp files : .                                                ||
||       Junction Counting : <output_file>.jcounts                            ||
||                 Threads : 1                                                ||
||                   Level : meta-feature level                               ||
||      Multimapping reads : counted                                          ||
|| Multi-overlapping reads : not counted                                      ||
||   Min overlapping bases : 1                                                ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//

//================================= Running ==================================\\
||                                                                            ||
|| Load annotation file Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz ...       ||
||    Features : 7507                                                         ||
||    Meta-features : 7507                                                    ||
||    Chromosomes/contigs : 17                                                ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Load FASTA contigs from Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel. ... ||
||    16 contigs were loaded                                                  ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632986.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 14070993                                             ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 12146601 (86.3%)                     ||
||    Running time : 0.84 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632987.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 10321097                                             ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 8953189 (86.7%)                      ||
||    Running time : 0.66 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632988.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 10548644                                             ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 8709162 (82.6%)                      ||
||    Running time : 0.82 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632989.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 9052300                                              ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 7408286 (81.8%)                      ||
||    Running time : 0.69 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632990.bam...                                        ||
Warning in gzfile(file, mode) :
  cannot open compressed file 'C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpgZ6VSS\rstudio-available-packages-14d0498849d7/time.rds', probable reason 'No such file or directory'
Error in gzfile(file, mode) : cannot open the connection
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 9684741                                              ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 7983163 (82.4%)                      ||
||    Running time : 0.69 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Process BAM file SRR20632991.bam...                                        ||
||    Paired-end reads are included.                                          ||
||    Total alignments : 9325312                                              ||
||    Successfully assigned alignments : 7753669 (83.1%)                      ||
||    Running time : 0.67 minutes                                             ||
||                                                                            ||
|| Write the final count table.                                               ||
|| Write the junction count table.                                            ||
|| Write the read assignment summary.                                         ||
||                                                                            ||
\\============================================================================//
Warning in png(..., res = dpi, units = "in") :
  unable to open file 'C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpgZ6VSS\file14d051bdf49' for writing
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Warning in (function (filename = if (onefile) "Rplots.svg" else "Rplot%03d.svg",  :
  cairo error 'error while writing to output stream'
Quitting from lines 8-9 (Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_RNAseq_analysis.Rmd) 

#Checking multiple read counts output

names(Yeast_counts)
[1] "counts"          "counts_junction" "annotation"     
[4] "targets"         "stat"           
dim(Yeast_counts$counts)
[1] 7507    6
head(Yeast_counts$counts)
                  SRR20632986.bam SRR20632987.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0               0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 0               0
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                90              59
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 1               0
                  SRR20632988.bam SRR20632989.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0               0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 0               0
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               0               1
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                49              20
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 1               0
                  SRR20632990.bam SRR20632991.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0               0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 2               1
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               1               1
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                50              41
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 0               0
head(Yeast_counts$annotation)
tail(Yeast_counts$annotation)

##Differential expression with DESeq2 #Create a comma separated value (.csv) file in excel with sample bam files in the same order as the collective bam file created earlier and list WT or mct1 as required

head(Yeast_counts$counts)
                  SRR20632986.bam SRR20632987.bam SRR20632988.bam SRR20632989.bam SRR20632990.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0               0               0               0               0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0               0               0               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 0               0               0               0               2
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               0               0               0               1               1
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                90              59              49              20              50
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 1               0               1               0               0
                  SRR20632991.bam
YAL069W_mRNA-E1                 0
YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1               0
YAL068C_mRNA-E1                 1
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1               1
YAL067C_mRNA-E1                41
YAL066W_mRNA-E1                 0

#Create a counts matrix

head(Yeast_counts$annotation)

#Install DESeq2

tail(Yeast_counts$annotation)

#Load DESeq2

library(DESeq2)
Loading required package: S4Vectors
Loading required package: stats4
Loading required package: BiocGenerics

Attaching package: 'BiocGenerics'

The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

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    lapply, Map, mapply, match, mget, order, paste, pmax,
    pmax.int, pmin, pmin.int, Position, rank, rbind, Reduce,
    rownames, sapply, setdiff, sort, table, tapply, union,
    unique, unsplit, which.max, which.min


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Loading required package: IRanges

Attaching package: 'IRanges'

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Loading required package: GenomicRanges
Loading required package: GenomeInfoDb
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Attaching package: 'MatrixGenerics'

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    colDiffs, colIQRDiffs, colIQRs, colLogSumExps, colMadDiffs,
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    rowMads, rowMaxs, rowMeans2, rowMedians, rowMins,
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    rowSdDiffs, rowSds, rowSums2, rowTabulates, rowVarDiffs,
    rowVars, rowWeightedMads, rowWeightedMeans,
    rowWeightedMedians, rowWeightedSds, rowWeightedVars

Loading required package: Biobase
Welcome to Bioconductor

    Vignettes contain introductory material; view with
    'browseVignettes()'. To cite Bioconductor, see
    'citation("Biobase")', and for packages
    'citation("pkgname")'.


Attaching package: 'Biobase'

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#Converting the counts matrix into a DESeq2 Data Set

Yeast_dds <- DESeqDataSetFromMatrix(countData = Yeast_counts_matrix, colData = YeastSamples, design = ~ condition)
Warning: some variables in design formula are characters, converting to factors

#Retrieved this error: Error in SummarizedExperiment(assays = SimpleList(counts = countData), : the rownames and colnames of the supplied assay(s) must be NULL or identical to those of the SummarizedExperiment object (or derivative) to construct #Error was fixed by correcting the csv file SRR20632** -> SRR206329** (all SRR file names were missing a 9)

#Check Yeast_dds file

Yeast_dds
class: DESeqDataSet 
dim: 7507 6 
metadata(1): version
assays(1): counts
rownames(7507): YAL069W_mRNA-E1 YAL068W-A_mRNA-E1 ... YPR204W_mRNA-E1
  YPR204C-A_mRNA-E1
rowData names(0):
colnames(6): SRR20632986.bam SRR20632987.bam ... SRR20632990.bam
  SRR20632991.bam
colData names(1): condition

#Set the condition for all other conditions to be compared to

Yeast_dds$condition <- relevel(Yeast_dds$condition, ref = "WT")

#Remove data of genes that with no expression (0), (i.e. “keep” all rows with values above 1)

keep <- rowSums(counts(Yeast_dds)) >1
Yeast_dds <- Yeast_dds[keep,]

#Check to see if any rows were removed (7507 -> 6921 rows is a 586 reduction, i.e. 586 genes with no expression)

dim(Yeast_dds)
[1] 6921    6

#Create the rlog normalisation for the samples

Yeast_rlog <- rlog(Yeast_dds, blind = TRUE)

#Plot result

plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,1:2], pch=16, cex=0.3)

plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,3:4], pch=16, cex=0.3)

plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,5:6], pch=16, cex=0.3)

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A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
see the ideas at
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packagesWarning: Perhaps you meant ‘RColorBrewer’ ?Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

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  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB
package ‘DelayedArray’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package ‘DelayedArray’Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored ‘DelayedArray’

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpK4OWss\downloaded_packages

#Loading heatmap tools

library(pheatmap)
library(RColorBrewer)

#Creating the distance matrix

Yeast_sampleDist <- dist(t(assay(Yeast_rlog)))
Yeast_sampleDist
                SRR20632986.bam SRR20632987.bam SRR20632988.bam SRR20632989.bam SRR20632990.bam
SRR20632987.bam       24.320350                                                                
SRR20632988.bam       18.433080        9.430259                                                
SRR20632989.bam       21.915905       13.805577       13.372241                                
SRR20632990.bam       15.530746       27.036702       22.336196       21.075996                
SRR20632991.bam       15.633508       27.603943       22.895206       21.881963        6.878317

#Heatmap of sample distances

Yeast_sampleDistMatrix <- as.matrix(Yeast_sampleDist)
row.names(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix) <- paste(Yeast_rlog$condition, Yeast_rlog$sizeFactor, sep = "-")
colnames(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix) <- NULL
colours <- colorRampPalette(rev(brewer.pal(9, "Blues")))(255)
pheatmap(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix, clustering_distance_rows = Yeast_sampleDist, clustering_distance_cols = Yeast_sampleDist, color = colours)

#Creating a Principal components analysis (PCA) plot

plotPCA(Yeast_rlog)

#Calculating differentially expressed genes

YeastDDS_DE <- DESeq(Yeast_dds)
estimating size factors
estimating dispersions
gene-wise dispersion estimates
mean-dispersion relationship
final dispersion estimates
fitting model and testing
Yeast_res <- results(YeastDDS_DE)
Yeast_res
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6921 rows and 6 columns
                   baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat
                  <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YAL068C_mRNA-E1    0.585912      -2.909177  2.885011 -1.008376
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1  0.585574      -2.908499  2.304304 -1.262203
YAL067C_mRNA-E1   49.061683       0.340579  0.384406  0.885988
YAL066W_mRNA-E1    0.278321       1.371278  3.574854  0.383590
YAL065C_mRNA-E1    5.920620       1.250661  0.732944  1.706353
...                     ...            ...       ...       ...
YPR201W_mRNA-E1     67.8290       0.461758  0.223933  2.062037
YPR202W_mRNA-E1     16.1510       0.369108  0.446293  0.827053
YPR202W_mRNA-E2     49.7788       0.166732  0.294720  0.565732
YPR203W_mRNA-E1     36.0672       0.317818  0.353521  0.899008
YPR204W_mRNA-E1   1028.2677       0.080264  0.257345  0.311893
                     pvalue      padj
                  <numeric> <numeric>
YAL068C_mRNA-E1   0.3132739        NA
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1 0.2068757        NA
YAL067C_mRNA-E1   0.3756242  0.766803
YAL066W_mRNA-E1   0.7012824        NA
YAL065C_mRNA-E1   0.0879423  0.494336
...                     ...       ...
YPR201W_mRNA-E1   0.0392042  0.351441
YPR202W_mRNA-E1   0.4082068  0.773955
YPR202W_mRNA-E2   0.5715760  0.845895
YPR203W_mRNA-E1   0.3686486  0.761664
YPR204W_mRNA-E1   0.7551220  0.918878
mcols(Yeast_res, use.names = TRUE)
DataFrame with 6 rows and 2 columns
                       type            description
                <character>            <character>
baseMean       intermediate mean of normalized c..
log2FoldChange      results log2 fold change (ML..
lfcSE               results standard error: cond..
stat                results Wald statistic: cond..
pvalue              results Wald test p-value: c..
padj                results   BH adjusted p-values

#Examining the results

summary(Yeast_res)

out of 6921 with nonzero total read count
adjusted p-value < 0.1
LFC > 0 (up)       : 152, 2.2%
LFC < 0 (down)     : 78, 1.1%
outliers [1]       : 4, 0.058%
low counts [2]     : 537, 7.8%
(mean count < 3)
[1] see 'cooksCutoff' argument of ?results
[2] see 'independentFiltering' argument of ?results

#Finding the number of adjusted p-values < 0.1

sum(Yeast_res$padj < 0.1, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 230

#Changing the adjusted p-value cutoff to 0.05 (reset false discovery rate)

Yeast_res_5 <- results(YeastDDS_DE, alpha = 0.05)
table(Yeast_res_5$padj < 0.05)

FALSE  TRUE 
 6072   174 

#Examine results with reduced adjusted p-value cutoff

summary(Yeast_res_5)

out of 6921 with nonzero total read count
adjusted p-value < 0.05
LFC > 0 (up)       : 119, 1.7%
LFC < 0 (down)     : 55, 0.79%
outliers [1]       : 4, 0.058%
low counts [2]     : 671, 9.7%
(mean count < 6)
[1] see 'cooksCutoff' argument of ?results
[2] see 'independentFiltering' argument of ?results

#Ordering results table by smallest p-value and adjusted p-value, respectively

Yeast_res_ordered <- Yeast_res[order(Yeast_res$pvalue),]
Yeast_res_ordpadj <- Yeast_res[order(Yeast_res$padj),]

##Viewing and comparing results, ordered results (p-value) and ordered results (adjusted p-value) #Heads

head(Yeast_res)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                   baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat    pvalue      padj
                  <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YAL068C_mRNA-E1    0.585912      -2.909177  2.885011 -1.008376 0.3132739        NA
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1  0.585574      -2.908499  2.304304 -1.262203 0.2068757        NA
YAL067C_mRNA-E1   49.061683       0.340579  0.384406  0.885988 0.3756242  0.766803
YAL066W_mRNA-E1    0.278321       1.371278  3.574854  0.383590 0.7012824        NA
YAL065C_mRNA-E1    5.920620       1.250661  0.732944  1.706353 0.0879423  0.494336
YAL064W-B_mRNA-E1  6.517108       0.839925  0.714585  1.175404 0.2398333  0.679322
head(Yeast_res_ordered)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                 baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat      pvalue        padj
                <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>   <numeric>   <numeric>
YOR153W_mRNA-E1 15546.178        1.91405  0.113651   16.8415 1.21187e-63 7.73170e-60
YGL009C_mRNA-E1  3799.353       -2.03344  0.173800  -11.6999 1.27620e-31 2.93213e-28
YLR303W_mRNA-E1  1756.881       13.99367  1.196723   11.6933 1.37874e-31 2.93213e-28
YMR102C_mRNA-E1  1126.985        1.17140  0.100539   11.6512 2.26337e-31 3.61007e-28
YBR115C_mRNA-E1   618.027      -12.95213  1.186565  -10.9157 9.70263e-28 1.23806e-24
YBR047W_mRNA-E1   121.597        2.43760  0.241437   10.0962 5.74190e-24 6.10555e-21
head(Yeast_res_ordpadj)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                 baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat      pvalue        padj
                <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>   <numeric>   <numeric>
YOR153W_mRNA-E1 15546.178        1.91405  0.113651   16.8415 1.21187e-63 7.73170e-60
YGL009C_mRNA-E1  3799.353       -2.03344  0.173800  -11.6999 1.27620e-31 2.93213e-28
YLR303W_mRNA-E1  1756.881       13.99367  1.196723   11.6933 1.37874e-31 2.93213e-28
YMR102C_mRNA-E1  1126.985        1.17140  0.100539   11.6512 2.26337e-31 3.61007e-28
YBR115C_mRNA-E1   618.027      -12.95213  1.186565  -10.9157 9.70263e-28 1.23806e-24
YBR047W_mRNA-E1   121.597        2.43760  0.241437   10.0962 5.74190e-24 6.10555e-21

#Tails

tail(Yeast_res)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                 baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat    pvalue      padj
                <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YPR200C_mRNA-E1   42.7891       0.497340  0.311088  1.598711 0.1098848  0.532320
YPR201W_mRNA-E1   67.8290       0.461758  0.223933  2.062037 0.0392042  0.351441
YPR202W_mRNA-E1   16.1510       0.369108  0.446293  0.827053 0.4082068  0.773955
YPR202W_mRNA-E2   49.7788       0.166732  0.294720  0.565732 0.5715760  0.845895
YPR203W_mRNA-E1   36.0672       0.317818  0.353521  0.899008 0.3686486  0.761664
YPR204W_mRNA-E1 1028.2677       0.080264  0.257345  0.311893 0.7551220  0.918878
tail(Yeast_res_ordered)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                 baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE         stat    pvalue      padj
                <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric>    <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YNL004W_mRNA-E1   25.3420    9.58309e-05  0.385824  0.000248380  0.999802  0.999842
YPR123C_mRNA-E1   14.7763    1.06657e-04  0.538905  0.000197913  0.999842  0.999842
YDL075W_mRNA-E1  351.0642   -1.46841e+00  1.226051 -1.197675258        NA        NA
YDR342C_mRNA-E1  290.6640   -9.71410e-01  1.472269 -0.659804593        NA        NA
YDR343C_mRNA-E1 1405.3249   -6.87335e-01  1.156855 -0.594141195        NA        NA
YHR137W_mRNA-E1   46.3582   -1.65335e-01  1.386532 -0.119243580        NA        NA
tail(Yeast_res_ordpadj)
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                   baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE       stat    pvalue      padj
                  <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric>  <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YPR142C_mRNA-E1    0.389341      -2.320176   4.03805 -0.5745788  0.565576        NA
tI(AAU)P1_tRNA-E1  0.342255      -0.465815   3.40307 -0.1368806  0.891125        NA
YPR153W_mRNA-E1    1.847577      -0.764619   1.38381 -0.5525469  0.580574        NA
tA(AGC)P_tRNA-E1   1.104728      -0.161049   2.15177 -0.0748451  0.940338        NA
YPR187W_mRNA-E1    0.628610       1.037357   2.37081  0.4375531  0.661710        NA
YPR197C_mRNA-E1    0.709839      -1.949977   2.30435 -0.8462143  0.397433        NA

#Visualisation of differentially expressed genes with an MA plot

plotMA(Yeast_res, ylim=c(-5,5))

#Checking the names in the differential expression file

resultsNames(YeastDDS_DE)
[1] "Intercept"            "condition_mct1_vs_WT"

#Installing apeglm package

#Load apeglm

#Creating log fold change on the results of differential expression

Yeast_resLFC <- lfcShrink(YeastDDS_DE, coef = "condition_mct1_vs_WT", type = "apeglm")
using 'apeglm' for LFC shrinkage. If used in published research, please cite:
    Zhu, A., Ibrahim, J.G., Love, M.I. (2018) Heavy-tailed prior distributions for
    sequence count data: removing the noise and preserving large differences.
    Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty895

#check file

Yeast_resLFC
log2 fold change (MAP): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6921 rows and 5 columns
                   baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE    pvalue      padj
                  <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
YAL068C_mRNA-E1    0.585912    -0.00517948  0.122521 0.3132739        NA
YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1  0.585574    -0.00802470  0.122693 0.2068757        NA
YAL067C_mRNA-E1   49.061683     0.03248266  0.122317 0.3756242  0.766803
YAL066W_mRNA-E1    0.278321     0.00267398  0.122414 0.7012824        NA
YAL065C_mRNA-E1    5.920620     0.03746028  0.129002 0.0879423  0.494336
...                     ...            ...       ...       ...       ...
YPR201W_mRNA-E1     67.8290      0.1737475  0.223685 0.0392042  0.351441
YPR202W_mRNA-E1     16.1510      0.0265569  0.121921 0.4082068  0.773955
YPR202W_mRNA-E2     49.7788      0.0250693  0.116084 0.5715760  0.845895
YPR203W_mRNA-E1     36.0672      0.0353459  0.122217 0.3686486  0.761664
YPR204W_mRNA-E1   1028.2677      0.0145618  0.111498 0.7551220  0.918878

#MA plot of log fold change

plotMA(Yeast_resLFC, ylim=c(-10,10))

#Finding genes with expressions more than doubled or halved the original

Yeast_resLFC1 <- results(YeastDDS_DE, lfcThreshold = 1)
table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 0.01)

FALSE  TRUE 
 6909     8 

#Finding the highest adjusted p-value where all results are false

table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 1E-22)

FALSE  TRUE 
 6916     1 
table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 1E-23)

FALSE 
 6917 

#MA plot of genes with expressions more than doubled or halved the original

plotMA(Yeast_resLFC1, ylim=c(-10,10))

#Genes with a false discovery rate less than 5%

Yeast_res_5sub <- subset(Yeast_res, padj < 0.05)

#Head

head(Yeast_res_5sub[order(Yeast_res_5sub$log2FoldChange),])
log2 fold change (MLE): condition mct1 vs WT 
Wald test p-value: condition mct1 vs WT 
DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
                  baseMean log2FoldChange     lfcSE      stat      pvalue
                 <numeric>      <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>   <numeric>
YBR115C_mRNA-E1   618.0275      -12.95213  1.186565 -10.91566 9.70263e-28
YJL153C_mRNA-E1   871.3070       -3.45969  1.035288  -3.34177 8.32467e-04
YGL009C_mRNA-E1  3799.3525       -2.03344  0.173800 -11.69989 1.27620e-31
YOR273C_mRNA-E1   869.9086       -1.78403  0.341498  -5.22414 1.74963e-07
snR17b_snoRNA-E2   32.8773       -1.70117  0.428865  -3.96669 7.28789e-05
YEL073C_mRNA-E1   228.5888       -1.59072  0.462919  -3.43628 5.89761e-04
                        padj
                   <numeric>
YBR115C_mRNA-E1  1.23806e-24
YJL153C_mRNA-E1  3.37544e-02
YGL009C_mRNA-E1  2.93213e-28
YOR273C_mRNA-E1  3.72087e-05
snR17b_snoRNA-E2 5.81209e-03
YEL073C_mRNA-E1  2.70696e-02

#MA plot of the genes with a false discovery rate less than 5%

plotMA(Yeast_res_5sub, ylim=c(-10,10))

#MA plot of all the genes

plotMA(Yeast_res, ylim=c(-10,10))

#Visualisation of the counts for the gene with the smallest adjusted p-value

plotCounts(Yeast_dds, gene = which.min(Yeast_res$padj), intgroup = "condition")

#Visualisation of the counts for the gene with the largest adjusted p-value

plotCounts(Yeast_dds, gene = which.max(Yeast_res$padj), intgroup = "condition")

#Visualisation of the counts for the YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1 gene

plotCounts(Yeast_dds, "YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1", intgroup = "condition", xlab = "Group")

#Visualisation of the counts for the YOR221C_mRNA-E1 gene

plotCounts(Yeast_dds, "YOR221C_mRNA-E1", intgroup = "condition", xlab = "Group")

#Installing ComplexHeatmap tool

#Loading ComplexHeatmap

library(ComplexHeatmap)
Loading required package: grid
========================================
ComplexHeatmap version 2.14.0
Bioconductor page: http://bioconductor.org/packages/ComplexHeatmap/
Github page: https://github.com/jokergoo/ComplexHeatmap
Documentation: http://jokergoo.github.io/ComplexHeatmap-reference

If you use it in published research, please cite either one:
- Gu, Z. Complex Heatmap Visualization. iMeta 2022.
- Gu, Z. Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional 
    genomic data. Bioinformatics 2016.


The new InteractiveComplexHeatmap package can directly export static 
complex heatmaps into an interactive Shiny app with zero effort. Have a try!

This message can be suppressed by:
  suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(ComplexHeatmap))
========================================
! pheatmap() has been masked by ComplexHeatmap::pheatmap(). Most of the arguments
   in the original pheatmap() are identically supported in the new function. You 
   can still use the original function by explicitly calling pheatmap::pheatmap().


Attaching package: 'ComplexHeatmap'

The following object is masked from 'package:pheatmap':

    pheatmap

#Creating a heatmap of the highest 20 log2fold change genes

Yeast_top20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$log2FoldChange, decreasing = TRUE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_top20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)

#Creating a heatmap of the lowest 20 log2fold change genes

Yeast_bottom20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$log2FoldChange, decreasing = FALSE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_bottom20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)

#Creating a heatmap of the highest 20 expressing genes

Yeast_highest20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$baseMean, decreasing = TRUE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_highest20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)

#Creating a heatmap of the lowest 20 expressing genes

Yeast_lowest20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$baseMean, decreasing = FALSE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_lowest20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)

#Installing ReportingTools

BiocManager::install("ReportingTools")
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15
  ucrt)
Warning: package(s) not installed when version(s) same as or greater than current;
  use `force = TRUE` to re-install: 'ReportingTools'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are
  later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105005 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6\downloaded_packages

#Loading ReportingTools

library(ReportingTools)
Loading required package: knitr

#Creating a HTML report of output

des2Report <- HTMLReport(shortName = 'Yeast_report', title = 'Yeast RNAseq Analysis', reportDirectory = ".")
publish(YeastDDS_DE, des2Report, factor = YeastDDS_DE$condition)
finish(des2Report)
[1] "./Yeast_report.html"

#Installing regionReport

BiocManager::install("regionReport")
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15
  ucrt)
Warning: package(s) not installed when version(s) same as or greater than current;
  use `force = TRUE` to re-install: 'regionReport'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are
  later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105005 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6\downloaded_packages

#Loading regionReport

library(regionReport)

#Installing ggplot2

BiocManager::install("ggplot2")
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15
  ucrt)
Warning: package(s) not installed when version(s) same as or greater than current;
  use `force = TRUE` to re-install: 'ggplot2'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are
  later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105005 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6\downloaded_packages

#Loading ggplot2

library(ggplot2)

#Installing DT and sessioninfo

BiocManager::install(c("DT", "sessioninfo"))
'getOption("repos")' replaces Bioconductor standard repositories, see
'help("repositories", package = "BiocManager")' for details.
Replacement repositories:
    CRAN: https://cran.rstudio.com/
Bioconductor version 3.16 (BiocManager 1.30.20), R 4.2.3 (2023-03-15
  ucrt)
Warning: package(s) not installed when version(s) same as or greater than current;
  use `force = TRUE` to re-install: 'DT' 'sessioninfo'Installation paths not writeable, unable to update packages
  path: C:/Program Files/R/R-4.2.3/library
  packages:
    class, KernSmooth, lattice, MASS, Matrix, nnet, survival
Old packages: 'DelayedArray', 'jsonlite', 'matrixStats'
Update all/some/none? [a/s/n]: 
a
Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/annotation/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/data/experiment/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 229Warning: cannot open URL 'https://mghp.osn.xsede.org/bir190004-bucket01/archive.bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/workflows/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.rds': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'Warning: downloaded length 0 != reported length 6873Warning: cannot open URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/books/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/PACKAGES.gz': HTTP status was '404 Not Found'

  There are binary versions available but the source versions are
  later:

  Binaries will be installed
trying URL 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/3.16/bioc/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/DelayedArray_0.23.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 2449113 bytes (2.3 MB)
downloaded 2.3 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/jsonlite_1.8.4.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 1105005 bytes (1.1 MB)
downloaded 1.1 MB

trying URL 'https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/matrixStats_1.0.0.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 528199 bytes (515 KB)
downloaded 515 KB
package 'DelayedArray' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'DelayedArray'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\DelayedArray\libs\x64\DelayedArray.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'DelayedArray'
package 'jsonlite' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'jsonlite'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\jsonlite\libs\x64\jsonlite.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'jsonlite'
package 'matrixStats' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Warning: cannot remove prior installation of package 'matrixStats'Warning: problem copying C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\00LOCK\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll to C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\matrixStats\libs\x64\matrixStats.dll: Permission deniedWarning: restored 'matrixStats'

The downloaded binary packages are in
    C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6\downloaded_packages

#Loading DT and sessioninfo

library(DT)
library(sessioninfo)

#Final Report

DESeq2Report(YeastDDS_DE, project = "Yeast_report_2", intgroup = "condition", colors = NULL, res = NULL, nBest = 200, nBestFeatures = 10, customCode = NULL, outdir = ".", output = "Yeast_report_2", browse = TRUE, device = "png", template = NULL, searchURL = "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=", digits = 2)
Writing 9 Bibtex entries ... OK
Results written to file './Yeast_report_2.bib'


processing file: Yeast_report_2.Rmd

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"C:/Program Files/RStudio/resources/app/bin/quarto/bin/tools/pandoc" +RTS -K512m -RTS Yeast_report_2.knit.md --to html4 --from markdown+autolink_bare_uris+tex_math_single_backslash --output Yeast_report_2.html --lua-filter "C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\bookdown\rmarkdown\lua\custom-environment.lua" --lua-filter "C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\rmarkdown\rmarkdown\lua\pagebreak.lua" --lua-filter "C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\rmarkdown\rmarkdown\lua\latex-div.lua" --embed-resources --standalone --wrap preserve --variable bs3=TRUE --section-divs --table-of-contents --toc-depth 3 --variable toc_float=1 --variable toc_selectors=h1,h2,h3 --variable toc_collapsed=1 --variable toc_smooth_scroll=1 --variable toc_print=1 --template "C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6/BiocStyle/template.html" --no-highlight --variable highlightjs=1 --number-sections --variable theme=bootstrap --css "C:/Users/benfu/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.2/BiocStyle/resources/html/bioconductor.css" --mathjax --variable "mathjax-url=https://mathjax.rstudio.com/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML" --include-in-header "C:\Users\benfu\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpEVmFo6\rmarkdown-str5ad884a126f.html" --variable code_folding=hide --variable code_menu=1 
[WARNING] This document format requires a nonempty <title> element.
  Defaulting to 'Yeast_report_2.knit' as the title.
  To specify a title, use 'title' in metadata or --metadata title="...".

#Citations for R packages

citation("BiocManager")

To cite package 'BiocManager' in publications use:

  Morgan M (2023). _BiocManager: Access the Bioconductor Project
  Package Repository_. R package version 1.30.20,
  <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BiocManager>.

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Manual{,
    title = {BiocManager: Access the Bioconductor Project Package Repository},
    author = {Martin Morgan},
    year = {2023},
    note = {R package version 1.30.20},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BiocManager},
  }
citation("Rsubread")

To cite package 'Rsubread' in publications use:

  Liao Y, Smyth GK and Shi W (2019). The R package Rsubread is
  easier, faster, cheaper and better for alignment and
  quantification of RNA sequencing reads. Nucleic Acids Research
  47(8), e47.

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Article{,
    title = {The {R} package {Rsubread} is easier, faster, cheaper and better for alignment and quantification of {RNA} sequencing reads},
    author = {Yang Liao and Gordon K. Smyth and Wei Shi},
    journal = {Nucleic Acids Research},
    year = {2019},
    volume = {47},
    issue = {8},
    pages = {e47},
    doi = {10.1093/nar/gkz114},
  }
citation("DESeq2")

To cite package 'DESeq2' in publications use:

  Love, M.I., Huber, W., Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold
  change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2 Genome
  Biology 15(12):550 (2014)

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Article{,
    title = {Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2},
    author = {Michael I. Love and Wolfgang Huber and Simon Anders},
    year = {2014},
    journal = {Genome Biology},
    doi = {10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8},
    volume = {15},
    issue = {12},
    pages = {550},
  }
citation("pheatmap")

To cite package 'pheatmap' in publications use:

  Kolde R (2019). _pheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps_. R package version
  1.0.12, <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pheatmap>.

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Manual{,
    title = {pheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps},
    author = {Raivo Kolde},
    year = {2019},
    note = {R package version 1.0.12},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pheatmap},
  }

ATTENTION: This citation information has been auto-generated from
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citation("RColorBrewer")

To cite package 'RColorBrewer' in publications use:

  Neuwirth E (2022). _RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer Palettes_. R
  package version 1.1-3,
  <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer>.

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Manual{,
    title = {RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer Palettes},
    author = {Erich Neuwirth},
    year = {2022},
    note = {R package version 1.1-3},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer},
  }
citation("apeglm")

To cite package 'apeglm' in publications use:

  Zhu, A., Ibrahim, J.G., Love, M.I. Heavy-tailed prior
  distributions for sequence count data: removing the noise and
  preserving large differences Bioinformatics (2018)

A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is

  @Article{,
    title = {Heavy-tailed prior distributions for sequence count data: removing the noise and preserving large differences},
    author = {Anqi Zhu and Joseph G. Ibrahim and Michael I. Love},
    year = {2018},
    journal = {Bioinformatics},
    doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/bty895},
  }
citation("ComplexHeatmap")

The methods within the code package can be cited as:

  Gu, Z. (2016) Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations
  in multidimensional genomic data. Bioinformatics.

  Gu, Z. (2022) Complex Heatmap Visualization. iMeta.

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citation("ReportingTools")

To cite package 'ReportingTools' in publications use:

  Melanie A. Huntley, Jessica L. Larson, Christina Chaivorapol,
  Gabriel Becker, Michael Lawrence, Jason A. Hackney, and Joshua
  S. Kaminker (in press): ReportingTools: an automated result
  processing and presentation toolkit for high throughput genomic
  analyses. Bioinformatics

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  @Article{,
    title = {ReportingTools: an automated result processing and presentation toolkit for high throughput genomic analyses},
    author = {Melanie A. Huntley and Jessica L. Larson and Christina Chaivorapol and Gabriel Becker and Michael Lawrence and Jason A. Hackney and Joshua S. Kaminker},
    year = {in press},
    journal = {Bioinformatics},
    doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btt551},
  }
citation("regionReport")

To cite package 'regionReport' in publications use:

  Collado-Torres L, Jaffe AE, Leek JT (2016). "regionReport:
  Interactive reports for region-level and feature-level genomic
  analyses [version2; referees: 2 approved, 1 approved with
  reservations]." _F1000Research_, *4*, 105.
  doi:10.12688/f1000research.6379.2
  <https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6379.2>,
  <http://f1000research.com/articles/4-105/v2>.

  Collado-Torres L, Nellore A, Frazee AC, Wilks C, Love MI,
  Langmead B, Irizarry RA, Leek JT, Jaffe AE (2017). "Flexible
  expressed region analysis for RNA-seq with derfinder." _Nucl.
  Acids Res._. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw852
  <https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw852>,
  <http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/09/29/nar.gkw852>.

  Collado-Torres L, Jaffe AE, Leek JT (2017). _regionReport:
  Generate HTML or PDF reports for a set of genomic regions or
  DESeq2/edgeR results_. doi:10.18129/B9.bioc.regionReport
  <https://doi.org/10.18129/B9.bioc.regionReport>,
  https://github.com/leekgroup/regionReport - R package version
  1.32.0, <http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/regionReport>.

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citation("ggplot2")

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  H. Wickham. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis.
  Springer-Verlag New York, 2016.

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  @Book{,
    author = {Hadley Wickham},
    title = {ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis},
    publisher = {Springer-Verlag New York},
    year = {2016},
    isbn = {978-3-319-24277-4},
    url = {https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org},
  }
citation("DT")

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  @Manual{,
    title = {DT: A Wrapper of the JavaScript Library 'DataTables'},
    author = {Yihui Xie and Joe Cheng and Xianying Tan},
    year = {2023},
    note = {R package version 0.28},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DT},
  }
citation("sessioninfo")

To cite package 'sessioninfo' in publications use:

  Wickham H, Chang W, Flight R, Müller K, Hester J (2021).
  _sessioninfo: R Session Information_. R package version 1.2.2,
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    title = {sessioninfo: R Session Information},
    author = {Hadley Wickham and Winston Chang and Robert Flight and Kirill Müller and Jim Hester},
    year = {2021},
    note = {R package version 1.2.2},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sessioninfo},
  }
---
title: "Saccharomyces Cerevisiae RNA-seq"
output:
  html_notebook: default
  pdf_document: default
---

#Set working directory
```{r}
setwd("C:/Users/benfu/Documents/BIOL3008")
```

#Install BiocManager
```{r}
install.packages("BiocManager")
```

#Checking for updates
```{r}
BiocManager::install()
```
#Installing Rsubread
```{r}
BiocManager::install("Rsubread")
```

#Loading Rsubread 
```{r}
library(Rsubread)
```

#Indexing reference genome
```{r}
buildindex(basename = "Yeast", reference = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz")
```

##Mapping RNAseq reads to indexed reference genome individually as this computers disc space is limited. Unable to have all SRR*.fastq files in the directory at the same time.

#SRR20632986
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632986_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632986_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632986.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

#SRR20632987
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632987_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632987_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632987.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

#SRR20632988
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632988_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632988_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632988.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

#SRR20632989
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632989_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632989_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632989.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

#SRR20632990
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632990_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632990_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632990.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

#SRR20632991
```{r}
align(index = "Yeast", readfile1 = "trimmed_SRR20632991_1.fastq", readfile2 = "trimmed_SRR20632991_2.fastq", type = "rna", input_format = "FASTQ", output_format = "BAM", output_file = "SRR20632991.bam", useAnnotation = TRUE, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTF = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id")
```

##Read counts on a single sample
```{r}
SRR20632986_counts <- featureCounts(files = "SRR20632986.bam", annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTFAnnotationFile = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id", useMetaFeatures = TRUE, countMultiMappingReads = TRUE, juncCounts = TRUE, genome = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz", isPairedEnd = TRUE, requireBothEndsMapped = TRUE, checkFragLength = TRUE, countChimericFragments = TRUE)
```

#Checking counts file
```{r}
names(SRR20632986_counts)
SRR20632986_counts$targets
SRR20632986_counts$stat
dim(SRR20632986_counts$counts)
head(SRR20632986_counts$counts)
head(SRR20632986_counts$annotation, n=20L)
```

##Feature counts on multiple samples at once (loaded all mapped bam files into directory to complete)
#create a value to address all bam files at once
```{r}
 bams <- list.files(pattern = ".bam$")
```

#Check all of the correct bam files are included and in order
```{r}
head(bams, n=10L)
```

#Running read counts on all samples at once
```{r}
Yeast_counts <- featureCounts(files = bams, annot.ext = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.56.gff3.gz", isGTFAnnotationFile = TRUE, GTF.featureType = "exon", GTF.attrType = "exon_id", useMetaFeatures = TRUE, countMultiMappingReads = TRUE, juncCounts = TRUE, genome = "Saccharomyces_cerevisiae.R64-1-1.dna.toplevel.fa.gz", isPairedEnd = TRUE, requireBothEndsMapped = TRUE, checkFragLength = TRUE, countChimericFragments = TRUE)
```

#Checking multiple read counts output
```{r}
names(Yeast_counts)
dim(Yeast_counts$counts)
head(Yeast_counts$counts)
head(Yeast_counts$annotation)
tail(Yeast_counts$annotation)
```

##Differential expression with DESeq2
#Create a comma separated value (.csv) file in excel with sample bam files in the same order as the collective bam file created earlier and list WT or mct1 as required
```{r}
YeastSamples <- read.csv("yeast_samples.csv", row.names = 1)
```

#Create a counts matrix
```{r}
Yeast_counts_matrix <- as.matrix(Yeast_counts$counts)
```

#Install DESeq2
```{r}
BiocManager::install("DESeq2")
```

#Load DESeq2
```{r}
library(DESeq2)
```

#Converting the counts matrix into a DESeq2 Data Set 
```{r}
Yeast_dds <- DESeqDataSetFromMatrix(countData = Yeast_counts_matrix, colData = YeastSamples, design = ~ condition)
```
#Retrieved  this error: Error in SummarizedExperiment(assays = SimpleList(counts = countData),  : the rownames and colnames of the supplied assay(s) must be NULL or identical to those of the SummarizedExperiment object (or derivative) to construct
#Error was fixed by correcting the csv file SRR20632** -> SRR206329** (all SRR file names were missing a 9)

#Check Yeast_dds file
```{r}
Yeast_dds
```

#Set the condition for all other conditions to be compared to
```{r}
Yeast_dds$condition <- relevel(Yeast_dds$condition, ref = "WT")
```

#Remove data of genes that with no expression (0), (i.e. "keep" all rows with values above 1)
```{r}
keep <- rowSums(counts(Yeast_dds)) >1
Yeast_dds <- Yeast_dds[keep,]
```

#Check to see if any rows were removed (7507 -> 6921 rows is a 586 reduction, i.e. 586 genes with no expression)
```{r}
dim(Yeast_dds)
```

#Create the rlog normalisation for the samples
```{r}
Yeast_rlog <- rlog(Yeast_dds, blind = TRUE)
```

#Plot result
```{r}
plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,1:2], pch=16, cex=0.3)
plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,3:4], pch=16, cex=0.3)
plot(assay(Yeast_rlog) [,5:6], pch=16, cex=0.3)
```
#Installing heatmap generation tools
```{r}
BiocManager::install("pheatmap")
BiocManager::install("RcolorBrewer")
```

#Loading heatmap tools
```{r}
library(pheatmap)
library(RColorBrewer)
```

#Creating the distance matrix
```{r}
Yeast_sampleDist <- dist(t(assay(Yeast_rlog)))
Yeast_sampleDist
```

#Heatmap of sample distances
```{r}
Yeast_sampleDistMatrix <- as.matrix(Yeast_sampleDist)
row.names(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix) <- paste(Yeast_rlog$condition, Yeast_rlog$sizeFactor, sep = "-")
colnames(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix) <- NULL
colours <- colorRampPalette(rev(brewer.pal(9, "Blues")))(255)
pheatmap(Yeast_sampleDistMatrix, clustering_distance_rows = Yeast_sampleDist, clustering_distance_cols = Yeast_sampleDist, color = colours)
```

#Creating a Principal components analysis (PCA) plot
```{r}
plotPCA(Yeast_rlog)
```

#Calculating differentially expressed genes
```{r}
YeastDDS_DE <- DESeq(Yeast_dds)
Yeast_res <- results(YeastDDS_DE)
Yeast_res
mcols(Yeast_res, use.names = TRUE)
```

#Examining the results 
```{r}
summary(Yeast_res)
```

#Finding the number of adjusted p-values < 0.1 
```{r}
sum(Yeast_res$padj < 0.1, na.rm = TRUE)
```

#Changing the adjusted p-value cutoff to 0.05 (reset false discovery rate)
```{r}
Yeast_res_5 <- results(YeastDDS_DE, alpha = 0.05)
table(Yeast_res_5$padj < 0.05)
```

#Examine results with reduced adjusted p-value cutoff
```{r}
summary(Yeast_res_5)
```

#Ordering results table by smallest p-value and adjusted p-value, respectively 
```{r}
Yeast_res_ordered <- Yeast_res[order(Yeast_res$pvalue),]
Yeast_res_ordpadj <- Yeast_res[order(Yeast_res$padj),]
```

##Viewing and comparing results, ordered results (p-value) and ordered results (adjusted p-value) #Heads
```{r}
head(Yeast_res)
head(Yeast_res_ordered)
head(Yeast_res_ordpadj)
```
#Tails
```{r}
tail(Yeast_res)
tail(Yeast_res_ordered)
tail(Yeast_res_ordpadj)
```

#Visualisation of differentially expressed genes with an MA plot
```{r}
plotMA(Yeast_res, ylim=c(-5,5))
```
#Checking the names in the differential expression file
```{r}
resultsNames(YeastDDS_DE)
```

#Installing apeglm package
```{r}
BiocManager::install("apeglm")
```

#Load apeglm
```{r}
library(apeglm)
```

#Creating log fold change on the results of differential expression
```{r}
Yeast_resLFC <- lfcShrink(YeastDDS_DE, coef = "condition_mct1_vs_WT", type = "apeglm")
```

#check file
```{r}
Yeast_resLFC
```

#MA plot of log fold change
```{r}
plotMA(Yeast_resLFC, ylim=c(-10,10))
```

#Finding genes with expressions more than doubled or halved the original
```{r}
Yeast_resLFC1 <- results(YeastDDS_DE, lfcThreshold = 1)
```

```{r}
table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 0.01)
```

#Finding the highest adjusted p-value where all results are false 
```{r}
table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 1E-22)
```

```{r}
table(Yeast_resLFC1$padj < 1E-23)
```

#MA plot of genes with expressions more than doubled or halved the original
```{r}
plotMA(Yeast_resLFC1, ylim=c(-10,10))
```

#Genes with a false discovery rate less than 5%
```{r}
Yeast_res_5sub <- subset(Yeast_res, padj < 0.05)
```

#Head
```{r}
head(Yeast_res_5sub[order(Yeast_res_5sub$log2FoldChange),])
```

#MA plot of the genes with a false discovery rate less than 5%
```{r}
plotMA(Yeast_res_5sub, ylim=c(-10,10))
```

#MA plot of all the genes
```{r}
plotMA(Yeast_res, ylim=c(-10,10))
```

#Visualisation of the counts for the gene with the smallest adjusted p-value 
```{r}
plotCounts(Yeast_dds, gene = which.min(Yeast_res$padj), intgroup = "condition")
```

#Visualisation of the counts for the gene with the largest adjusted p-value
```{r}
plotCounts(Yeast_dds, gene = which.max(Yeast_res$padj), intgroup = "condition")
```

#Visualisation of the counts for the YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1 gene
```{r}
plotCounts(Yeast_dds, "YAL067W-A_mRNA-E1", intgroup = "condition", xlab = "Group")
```

#Visualisation of the counts for the YOR221C_mRNA-E1 gene
```{r}
plotCounts(Yeast_dds, "YOR221C_mRNA-E1", intgroup = "condition", xlab = "Group")
```

#Installing ComplexHeatmap tool
```{r}
BiocManager::install("ComplexHeatmap")
```

#Loading ComplexHeatmap
```{r}
library(ComplexHeatmap)
```

#Creating a heatmap of the highest 20 log2fold change genes
```{r}
Yeast_top20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$log2FoldChange, decreasing = TRUE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_top20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)
```

#Creating a heatmap of the lowest 20 log2fold change genes
```{r}
Yeast_bottom20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$log2FoldChange, decreasing = FALSE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_bottom20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)
```

#Creating a heatmap of the highest 20 expressing genes
```{r}
Yeast_highest20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$baseMean, decreasing = TRUE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_highest20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)
```

#Creating a heatmap of the lowest 20 expressing genes
```{r}
Yeast_lowest20 <- order(Yeast_resLFC$baseMean, decreasing = FALSE) [1:20]
pheatmap(assay(Yeast_rlog)[Yeast_lowest20, ], cluster_rows = TRUE, show_rownames = TRUE, cluster_cols = FALSE)
```

#Installing ReportingTools
```{r}
BiocManager::install("ReportingTools")
```

#Loading ReportingTools
```{r}
library(ReportingTools)
```

#Creating a HTML report of output
```{r}
des2Report <- HTMLReport(shortName = 'Yeast_report', title = 'Yeast RNAseq Analysis', reportDirectory = ".")
publish(YeastDDS_DE, des2Report, factor = YeastDDS_DE$condition)
finish(des2Report)
```

#Installing regionReport
```{r}
BiocManager::install("regionReport")
```

#Loading regionReport
```{r}
library(regionReport)
```

#Installing ggplot2
```{r}
BiocManager::install("ggplot2")
```

#Loading ggplot2
```{r}
library(ggplot2)
```

#Installing DT and sessioninfo
```{r}
BiocManager::install(c("DT", "sessioninfo"))
```

#Loading DT and sessioninfo
```{r}
library(DT)
library(sessioninfo)
```

#Final Report
```{r}
DESeq2Report(YeastDDS_DE, project = "Yeast_report_2", intgroup = "condition", colors = NULL, res = NULL, nBest = 200, nBestFeatures = 10, customCode = NULL, outdir = ".", output = "Yeast_report_2", browse = TRUE, device = "png", template = NULL, searchURL = "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=", digits = 2)
```

#Citations for R packages
```{r}
citation("BiocManager")
citation("Rsubread")
citation("DESeq2")
citation("pheatmap")
citation("RColorBrewer")
citation("apeglm")
citation("ComplexHeatmap")
citation("ReportingTools")
citation("regionReport")
citation("ggplot2")
citation("DT")
citation("sessioninfo")
```
