FINAL EXAMINATION

1.1 First output:


Attaching package: 'dplyr'

The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

# A tibble: 6 × 4
  `Course Taken`            Frequency `Mean Age` `SD of age`
  <chr>                         <int>      <dbl>       <dbl>
1 BS Biology                       33       21.6       0.751
2 BS Civil Engineering             16       21.4       0.727
3 BS Electrical Engineering        17       21.6       0.618
4 BS Mathematics                   33       21.7       0.924
5 BSED Biology                     32       21.5       0.803
6 BSED English                     32       21.6       0.878

1.2 Second output:

# A tibble: 6 × 6
  `Course Taken`            Frequency `Mean Intrinsic5` Mean E…¹ Mean …² Mean …³
  <chr>                         <int>             <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>
1 BS Biology                       33              4.94     5.67    3.88   NA   
2 BS Civil Engineering             16              4.06     6.06    3.31    4.38
3 BS Electrical Engineering        17              4.35     5.59    3.47    3.71
4 BS Mathematics                   33              4.27     5.64    3.55    3.52
5 BSED Biology                     32              4.34     5.56    3.25    3.62
6 BSED English                     32              4.19     5.56    3.91    3.03
# … with abbreviated variable names ¹`Mean Extrinsic4`, ²`Mean TP3`,
#   ³`Mean CP3`

Recoding the responses in Variables “In3 and In4” with the following changes

“1 for”Strongly Disagree”
“2” for “Disagree”
“3” for “Moderately Disagree”
“4” for “Neutral”
“5” for “Moderately Agree”
“6” for “Agree”
“7” for “Strongly Agree”

2.1 Answer the following:

a. HOw many observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time moderately disagree in variable In4?

`summarise()` has grouped output by 'In3recode'. You can override using the
`.groups` argument.

# A tibble: 33 × 3
# Groups:   In3recode [7]
   In3recode In4recode           count
   <chr>     <chr>               <int>
 1 Agree     Agree                  12
 2 Agree     Disagree                2
 3 Agree     Moderately Agree        9
 4 Agree     Neutral                 7
 5 Agree     Strongly Agree          3
 6 Disagree  Disagree                3
 7 Disagree  Moderately Agree        3
 8 Disagree  Moderately Disagree     1
 9 Disagree  Neutral                 1
10 Disagree  Strongly Disagree       2
# … with 23 more rows

Answer: There is no observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time moderately disagree in variable In4.

b. HOw many observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time Neutral in variable In4?

Answer: There is 1 observation in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time Neutral in variable In4

3. Consider the following:

Make a new variable named as “InAverage”, InAverage is the average of the responses in the variables In1, In2, IIn3, In4, and In5.

Make two groups of the variable “Course Taken”,

Grouping:

Group 1 with courses: BS Civil Engineering, BS Electrical Engineering, and BS Mathematics

Group 2: BS Biology, BSED Biology, and BSED English

# A tibble: 163 × 36
     Age Gender Course T…¹   In1   In2   In3   In4   In5   In6   In7   In8   Ex1
   <dbl> <chr>  <chr>      <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
 1    22 Female BS Mathem…     4     3     2     1     4     7     6     7     4
 2    23 Female BS Biology     6     6     4     4     4     5     4     7     4
 3    20 Female BSED Engl…     5     5     3     3     2     6     5     7     5
 4    22 Female BSED Biol…     4     5     4     3     3     6     6     7     5
 5    23 Male   BSED Engl…     7     6     5     5     4     6     4     7     7
 6    22 Female BSED Biol…     6     6     6     6     6     7     7     7     7
 7    20 Male   BS Civil …     4     5     6     2     5     7     4     1     7
 8    21 Female BS Electr…     5     6     5     6     5     7     6     7     7
 9    21 Female BS Mathem…     6     7     5     5     5     7     7     7     7
10    22 Male   BS Biology     6     7     5     6     7     7     7     7     5
# … with 153 more rows, 24 more variables: Ex2 <dbl>, Ex3 <dbl>, Ex4 <dbl>,
#   Ex5 <dbl>, Ex6 <dbl>, Ex7 <dbl>, Ex8 <dbl>, Ex9 <dbl>, Ex10 <dbl>,
#   Ex11 <dbl>, TP1 <dbl>, TP2 <dbl>, TP3 <dbl>, TP4 <dbl>, TP5 <dbl>,
#   T6 <dbl>, CP1 <dbl>, CP2 <dbl>, CP3 <dbl>, CP4 <dbl>, CP5 <dbl>,
#   InAverage <dbl>, CTrecode <chr>, CourseTakenGroup <chr>, and abbreviated
#   variable name ¹`Course Taken`

3.1 Is there a significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”? (Note: 1.1 Check first the equality of variances 1.2 Answer this by including all the steps in hypothesis testing)


Group1 Group2 
    66     97

Checking the equality of variances


    F test to compare two variances

data:  Data1$InAverage by Data1$CourseTakenGroup
F = 0.763, num df = 65, denom df = 96, p-value = 0.2458
alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.4919799 1.2067147
sample estimates:
ratio of variances 
          0.762995

Hypotheses:

Alternative: There is a significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Null: There is no significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”


    Two Sample t-test

data:  Data1$InAverage by Data1$CourseTakenGroup
t = -0.050692, df = 161, p-value = 0.9596
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group Group1 and group Group2 is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -0.3582544  0.3403225
sample estimates:
mean in group Group1 mean in group Group2 
            4.784848             4.793814

Interpretation: Using t test, we have p-value=0.9596 which is greater than alpha=0.05 (for 95% confidence level). Hence, the nul hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, There is no significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

4. Is there a significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”(Refer to Q3 for the “Inaverage” variable)? (Note: 1. Answer this by using F-test 1.2 Answer this by including all the steps in hypothesis testing 1.3 Provide results for pairwise comparison if significant)

1.2 Answer this by including all the steps in hypothesis testing

Hypotheses:

Alternative: There is a significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Null: There is no significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”


               BS Biology      BS Civil Engineering BS Electrical Engineering 
                       33                        16                        17 
           BS Mathematics              BSED Biology              BSED English 
                       33                        32                        32

                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
`Course Taken`   5   1.96  0.3913   0.314  0.904
Residuals      157 195.87  1.2476

Interpretation: The result shows that we have p-value=0.9596 which is greater than alpha=0.05 (for 95% confidence level). Hence, the nul hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, There is no significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

FINAL EXAMINATION

MARSHA ELLA L. MACEREN

2023-05-24

1.1 First output:

1.2 Second output:

Recoding the responses in Variables “In3 and In4” with the following changes

2.1 Answer the following:

a. HOw many observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time moderately disagree in variable In4?

Answer: There is no observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time moderately disagree in variable In4.

b. HOw many observations in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time Neutral in variable In4?

Answer: There is 1 observation in Variable In3 that are strongly agree and at the same time Neutral in variable In4

3. Consider the following:

Make a new variable named as “InAverage”, InAverage is the average of the responses in the variables In1, In2, IIn3, In4, and In5.

Make two groups of the variable “Course Taken”,

Grouping:

Group 1 with courses: BS Civil Engineering, BS Electrical Engineering, and BS Mathematics

Group 2: BS Biology, BSED Biology, and BSED English

3.1 Is there a significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”? (Note: 1.1 Check first the equality of variances 1.2 Answer this by including all the steps in hypothesis testing)

Checking the equality of variances

Hypotheses:

Alternative: There is a significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Null: There is no significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Interpretation: Using t test, we have p-value=0.9596 which is greater than alpha=0.05 (for 95% confidence level). Hence, the nul hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, There is no significant difference between the two groups of course taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

1.2 Answer this by including all the steps in hypothesis testing

Hypotheses:

Alternative: There is a significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Null: There is no significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”

Interpretation: The result shows that we have p-value=0.9596 which is greater than alpha=0.05 (for 95% confidence level). Hence, the nul hypothesis is accepted. Therefore, There is no significant difference among the courses taken in terms of the variable “InAverage”